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1

Good, Ralph M., John C. Liao, Joan M. Hook, and Cathy L. Punko. "Colorimetric Determination of a Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Antimicrobial Preservative in an Ophthalmic Solution." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 6 (1987): 979–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.6.979.

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Abstract A simple colorimetric method is presented for the determination of Polyquad®, a polymeric quaternary ammonium antimicrobial preservative, in an ophthalmic solution. Polyquad and magnesium are coprecipitated by ion pairing with Ponceau S, a highly colored sulfonate dye, at an acidic pH. The sample is centrifuged and the supernate analyzed spectrophotometrically. The concentration of Polyquad is determined by the decrease in dye concentration. Formulation excipients such as disodium edetate, dextran, and hydroxypropylraethylcellulose did not interfere with the quantitation. The method i
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2

Campolo, Allison, Brian Patterson, Esther Lara, Paul Shannon, and Monica Crary. "Complete Recovery of Acanthamoeba Motility among Surviving Organisms after Contact Lens Care Disinfection." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (2023): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020299.

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Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sight-threatening infection of the cornea which is extremely challenging to treat. Understanding this organism’s responses during contact lens contact and disinfection could enhance our understanding of how Acanthamoebae colonize contact lens cases, better inform us on contact lens care solution (CLC) efficacy, and help us better understand the efficacy required of CLC products. To explore this gap in knowledge, we used Acanthamoeba ATCC 30461 and ATCC 50370 trophozoites to examine Acanthamoeba behavior during and after CLC disinfection. Amoebae were added to steril
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3

Suresh, Kumar, Singh Tanu, Ichhpujani Parul, and Vohra Sanchi. "Ocular Surface Disease with BAK preserved Travoprost and Polyquaternium 1(Polyquad) preserved Travoprost." romanian journal of ophthalmology 63, no. 3 (2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2019.38.

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4

Castro, Gerardo M. Ph.D, and Esmeraldo D. Jr. Ph.D Dimaculangan. "A Demand Strategy Fram ework for the Philippine Ophthalmology Market: A Mixed-Methods Study." ISIR Journal of Business and Management Studies (ISIRJBMS) 2, no. 1 (2025): 42–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762204.

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<em>This study examines the factors influencing the prescribing decisions of Filipino ophthalmologists </em><em>decisions using a mixed methods approach that combines conjoint analysis and phenomenology.&nbsp; 318 respondents participated in the conjoint analysis, and 7 took part in key informant interviews. Path-worth analysis was the statistical treatment utilized for conjoint analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp; Respondents </em><em>favored generic medications with a strong corporate image and products with purite/polyquad preservatives.&nbsp; Regular interactions with medical representatives, emphasizing
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5

Stahl, Erin, Dominique Bremond-Gignac, Theresa Landry, et al. "Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Travoprost 0.004% Ophthalmic Solution Preserved with Polyquad in Pediatric Patients with Glaucoma." Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 33, no. 5 (2017): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jop.2016.0133.

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6

Ammar, David A., Robert J. Noecker, and Malik Y. Kahook. "Effects of benzalkonium chloride- and polyquad-preserved combination glaucoma medications on cultured human ocular surface cells." Advances in Therapy 28, no. 6 (2011): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-011-0029-x.

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7

Nagstrup, Anne Hedengran. "The use of benzalkonium chloride in topical glaucoma treatment." Acta Ophthalmologica 101, S278 (2023): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aos.15808.

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AbstractENGLISH SUMMARY: Glaucoma is a leading cause of the global prevalence of irreversible blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is not entirely known, but the major risk factors include advancing age, genetic predisposition, and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The only evidence‐based treatment is a lowering of IOP through the use of eye drops, laser procedures, or surgical interventions. Although laser treatment is gaining recognition as a first‐choice treatment option, the most common approach for managing glaucoma is IOP‐lowering eye drops. A major challenge in the treatment is t
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8

Liang, Hong, Françoise Brignole-Baudouin, Luisa Riancho, and Christophe Baudouin. "Reduced in vivo Ocular Surface Toxicity with Polyquad-Preserved Travoprost versus Benzalkonium-Preserved Travoprost or Latanoprost Ophthalmic Solutions." Ophthalmic Research 48, no. 2 (2012): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000335984.

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9

Ammar, David A., Robert J. Noecker, and Malik Y. Kahook. "Effects of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and sofZia-preserved topical glaucoma medications on human ocular epithelial cells." Advances in Therapy 27, no. 11 (2010): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-010-0070-1.

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10

Rossi, Gemma Caterina Maria, Luigia Scudeller, Teresa Rolle, Gian Maria Pasinetti, and Paolo Emilio Bianchi. "From benzalkonium chloride-preserved Latanoprost to Polyquad-preserved Travoprost: a 6-month study on ocular surface safety and tolerability." Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 14, no. 5 (2015): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2015.1017467.

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11

Kemer, Özlem Evren, Priya Mekala, Bhoomi Dave, and Karanjit Singh Kooner. "Managing Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Treatment: A Systematic Review." Bioengineering 11, no. 10 (2024): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11101010.

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Ocular surface disease (OSD) is a frequent disabling challenge among patients with glaucoma who use benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-containing topical glaucoma medications for prolonged periods. In this comprehensive review, we evaluated the prevalence of OSD and its management, focusing on both current and future alternatives. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used to assess a) the impact of active ingredients and preservatives on the ocular surface and b) the efficacy of preservative-free (PF) alternatives and adjunctive therapies. BAK-cont
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12

Brignole-Baudouin, Françoise, Luisa Riancho, Hong Liang, Zaki Nakib, and Christophe Baudouin. "In Vitro Comparative Toxicology of Polyquad-Preserved and Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Travoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination and Latanoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination." Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 27, no. 3 (2011): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jop.2010.0111.

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13

MacDougall, Nancy, Luigina Sorbara, Lyndon Jones, and Desmond Fonn. "THE CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF A POLYQUAD-BASED CARE REGIMEN WITH A SILICONE-HYDROGEL MATERIAL USED ON A DAILY-WEAR BASIS." Optometry and Vision Science 78, SUPPLEMENT (2001): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200112001-00513.

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14

Gerlier, L., M. Lamotte, K. Lorenz, G. Berdeaux, Y. Verboven, and N. Pfeiffer. "PSS10 Economic Outcomes of Glaucoma Treatment With Prostaglandin Eye Drops Preserved With Polyquad® Instead of Benzalkonium Chloride in Germany." Value in Health 14, no. 7 (2011): A503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.1475.

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15

Brignole-Baudouin, Françoise, Luisa Riancho, Hong Liang, and Christophe Baudouin. "ComparativeIn VitroToxicology Study of Travoprost Polyquad-preserved, Travoprost BAK-preserved, and Latanoprost BAK-preserved Ophthalmic Solutions on Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells." Current Eye Research 36, no. 11 (2011): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2011.578781.

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16

Gerlier, L., M. Lamotte, J. Caputo, and R. Tan. "PSS4 The Cost-Effectiveness of Travoprost Preserved With Polyquad® in Newly Treated Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients in 7 Asian Countries." Value in Health 15, no. 7 (2012): A643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.240.

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17

Liang, Hong, Françoise Brignole-Baudouin, Aude Pauly, Luisa Riancho, and Christophe Baudouin. "Polyquad-preserved travoprost/timolol, benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved travoprost/timolol, and latanoprost/timolol in fixed combinations: a rabbit ocular surface study." Advances in Therapy 28, no. 4 (2011): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-011-0003-7.

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18

Lee, Hyun Joo, Roo Min Jun, Min Sun Cho та Kyu-Ryong Choi. "Comparison of the ocular surface changes following the use of two different prostaglandin F2αanalogues containing benzalkonium chloride or polyquad in rabbit eyes". Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 34, № 3 (2014): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569527.2014.944650.

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19

Hedengran, Anne, Josefine Freiberg, Pernille May Hansen, et al. "Comparing the effect of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and preservative-free prostaglandin analogue eye drops on cultured human conjunctival goblet cells." Journal of Optometry 17, no. 1 (2024): 100481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2023.100481.

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20

Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto. "The comparative clinical performance of a new polyhexamethylene biguanide- vs a polyquad-based contact lens care regime with two silicone hydrogel contact lenses." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 27, no. 2 (2007): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00449.x.

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21

El Hajj Moussa, Wissam Georges, Rebecca Georges Farhat, Joseph Claud Nehme, et al. "Comparison of Efficacy and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score between Bimatoprost, Latanoprost, Travoprost, and Tafluprost in Glaucoma Patients." Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1319628.

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Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 4 prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) and to determine the incidence of ocular surface disease in newly diagnosed, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients started on one of those 4 PGAs: bimatoprost (benzalkonium chloride, BAK, 0.3 mg/mL), latanoprost (BAK 0.2 mg/mL), travoprost (polyquad), and tafluprost (BAK-free). Patients and Methods. In this single-center, open-label trial, 32 patients newly diagnosed with POAG were randomly started on one of the four PGAs. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological exam at p
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22

GÖRGÜLÜ ŞAHİN, Burcu, Özcan OCAKOĞLU, İsmail SEÇKİN, Sibel DEMİRCİ DELİPINAR, Tuğba EKİZ YILMAZ, and Belisa KALECİ. "The Effects of Polyquad-Preserved Travoprost, Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Latanoprost, Purite-Preserved Brimonidine and Preservative-Free Tafluprost on Ocular Surface: A Rabbit Ocular Surface Study." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 26, no. 3 (2017): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2016-52121.

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23

Gerlier, L., M. Lamotte, G. Berdeaux, Y. Verboven, and N. Pfeiffer. "PSS4 Longer Term Patient Benefits of Polyquad® Preservative Instead of Benzalkonium Chloride in Prostaglandin Eye Drops: A Microsimulation Model in Ocular Hypertension and Open-Angle Glaucoma." Value in Health 14, no. 7 (2011): A502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.1469.

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24

Tinoco Moran, Ivàn, Oscar Calderón Llosa, Margarita Olivares Gómez, Víctor Farinango Salazar, and Iván Chérrez Ojeda. "un Clinical case of anaphylaxis due to eye drops." Revista Alergia México 71, no. 1 (2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29262/ram.v71i1.1324.

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Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life-threatening, timely diagnosis and treatment is required in these patients, one of the most frequent triggers is pharmacological. Our objective is to report the case of a patient who presented anaphylaxis due to eye drops. Material and methods: A 7-year-old male with a history of rhinitis and asthma with good control. It started with itchy eyes, ophthalmic drops were administered, composition: Polyethylene glycol 400, 0.4%, Propylene glycol 3 mg, polyquad 0.001%, presenting at 15 minutes an episode of anaphylaxis
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25

Melikhov, Dmitri. "Exotic polyquark states and their properties in QCD." EPJ Web of Conferences 158 (2017): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715801006.

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26

Mason, J., W. Nailon, A. Perelli, S. Andiappa, and M. Davies. "EP-2069 Improved dose calculation on CBCT using polyenergetic quantitative (Polyquant) reconstruction." Radiotherapy and Oncology 133 (April 2019): S1140—S1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32489-2.

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27

Willcox, Mark DP, Percy Lazon de la Jara, Daniel Tilia, and Hua Zhu. "Effect of a multipurpose disinfecting solution containing Polyquat and Alexidine on contamination of contact lens cases during use." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 34 (December 2011): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-0484(11)60049-0.

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28

Mason, Jonathan H., Alessandro Perelli, William H. Nailon, and Mike E. Davies. "Polyquant CT: direct electron and mass density reconstruction from a single polyenergetic source." Physics in Medicine & Biology 62, no. 22 (2017): 8739–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa9162.

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29

Liu, Zhanpeng, Yuanbin Lin, Xiaohong Wen, and Qiong Su. "Preparation and electrorheological properties of polyquin(2,3-b)acridine-12,14(5,7)dione-based suspensions." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 264, no. 1-3 (2005): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.014.

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30

Hong, Cheng Hai, and Hyoung Jin Choi. "Comment on “Preparation and electrorheological properties of polyquin(2,3-b)acridine-12,14(5,7)dione-based suspensions”." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 295, no. 1-3 (2007): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.08.027.

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31

Gonsior, Nina, Sarah Schmitz, and Helmut Ritter. "Thermal Sensitivity of tert-Butyloxycarbonylmethyl-Modified Polyquats in Condensed Phase and Solubility Properties of Copolymers with N-Isopropylacrylamide." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 211, no. 15 (2010): 1695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201000077.

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32

Alnoor, Umalbaninn, Simone Ahrensberg, Josefine Freiberg, Miriam Kolko, Anne Nagstrup, and Steffen Heegaard. "Artificial tears, preservatives, so what?" Acta Ophthalmologica 102, S279 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aos.16012.

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Aims/Purpose: To investigate the cell survival of human conjunctival goblet cells (CGs) when incubated with preserved and preservative‐free (PF) artificial tears (AT) used against dry eye disease (DED). The following ATs were tested: 0.011% benzalkonium chloride (BAK)‐preserved Viskøse® Øjendråber, 0.006% BAK‐preserved Oftagel®, 0.005% BAK‐preserved Oculac®, 0.001% PolyQuad™‐preserved Systane® Ultra, 0.01% Cetrimide‐preserved Artelac®, and PF ATs: Systane® Ultra, Oculac®, Oftagel®, and Thealoz® Duo.Methods: Primary cultures of human conjunctival CGs were cultivated from donor conjunctiva. Afte
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33

Alnoor, Umalbaninn, Simone Ahrensberg, Steffen Heegaard, and Miriam Kolko. "The physiochemical properties of artificial tears and their impact on human cultured conjunctival goblet cells." Acta Ophthalmologica 103, S284 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17216.

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Aims/Purpose: To investigate the cell survival and mucin release (Muc5AC) of human conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) when incubated with preserved and preservative‐free (PF) artificial tears (AT), and to compare the physicochemical properties of these ATs. Ten different ATs were examined, five containing preservatives (benzalkonium chloride (BAK), PolyQuad, and cetrimide) and five preservative‐free.Methods: Primary cultures of human conjunctival GCs were cultivated from donor conjunctiva. After incubation with ATs diluted 1: 7 or 1: 3.5 in culture media for 2 hours, GC survival was analysed usin
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34

Muz, Omer Ersin, Kenan Dagdelen, Tuncay Pirdal, and Mete Guler. "Comparison of BAK-preserved latanoprost and polyquad-preserved travoprost on ocular surface parameters in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension." International Ophthalmology, July 14, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01947-2.

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35

Nagstrup, Anne, Josefine Freiberg, Pernille May Hansen, et al. "Comparing the effect of benzalkonium chloride‐preserved, polyquad‐preserved, and preservative‐free prostaglandin analogue eye drops on cultured human conjunctival goblet cells." Acta Ophthalmologica 102, S279 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aos.16182.

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Aims/Purpose: To investigate the effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAK)‐preserved latanoprost and bimatoprost, polyquad (PQ)‐preserved travoprost, and preservative‐free (PF) latanoprost and tafluprost, all prostaglandin analogues (PGAs), on human conjunctival goblet cell (GC) survival. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of BAK‐preserved and PF latanoprost on the cytokine secretion from GC.Methods: Primary human conjunctival GCs were cultivated from donor tissue. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tetrazolium dye colorimetric (MTT) assays were used for the assessment of GC survival. A cytometri
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36

Ahrensberg, Simone, Jens Rovelt Andreasen, and Miriam Kolko. "The use of artificial tears among the danish population: Epidemiological observations." Acta Ophthalmologica 102, S279 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aos.15998.

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Aims/Purpose: To investigate the use of artificial tears (AT), identify which eye diseases are most prevalent among the users, determine which products are preferred by the population, and analyse their preservative content.Methods: Data originate from the FOREVER questionnaire. Respondents are customers from Synoptik A/S aged from 18 years and of both genders, and have given written consent for the use of their data. All 48 AT in the questionnaire appear in The Nordic Guidelines Dry Eye Disease 2022. T‐test and chi2 were performed to examine significant differences in the data.Results: 41.723
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37

Melikhov, Dmitri, and Berthold Stech. "Fall-apart decays of polyquark hadrons." Physical Review D 74, no. 3 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.74.034022.

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38

"Polyquart Ecoclean: “green” convenience for hard surface cleaners." Focus on Surfactants 2009, no. 12 (2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1351-4210(09)70376-2.

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39

JONNA, SANKARAIAH, HANIMI REDDY BAPATU, PRAVEEN SUBBAPPA, and KALIYAPERUMAL SARAVANAN. "A QBD WITH THE FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN WAS USED TO MATCH THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN RANOLAZINE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS 500 MG AND 1000 MG." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, March 7, 2023, 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i2.47241.

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Objective: Formulation and development of Ranolazine extended-release Tablets 500 mg and 1000 mg by using QBD with Fractional factorial design to match the similarity with Branded formulation (RANEXA®). Methods: Ranolazine extended-release tablets were developed by using various polymers, Polyquid PA100 and ETHOCEL TMstandard 7 premium and Hypromellose with a wet granulation process. QBD (Quality by Design) approach was used to identify the formulation and process variables that may affect the CQAs (critical quality attributes). Excipient compatibility studies were conducted to identify the in
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40

Koller, Michael, Antonio Ernstberger, Florian Zeman, Julika Loss, and Michael Nerlich. "Outcome after polytrauma in a certified trauma network: comparing standard vs. maximum care facilities concept of the study and study protocol (POLYQUALY)." BMC Health Services Research 16, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1468-5.

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