Journal articles: 'Polysaccharides esters'

1

Kosaka, P. M., Y. Kawano, M. C. Salvadori, and D. F. S. Petri. "Characterization of Ultrathin Films of Cellulose Esters." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, S03 (December 2005): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760505097x.

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The adsorption of polysaccharides onto solid substrates provides an environment for the immobilization of biomolecules [1] giving rise to conditions for the development of biosensors [2] and kits for immunoassays. One can find in the literature reports about the adhesion of proteins on cellulose ester membranes [3]. However, studies about the formation of cellulose ester ultrathin films have been seldom reported. Cellulose esters are nontoxic materials largely used as coating layers, fibers, inks and films.

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Chen, Xiaoming, Chiyo Yamamoto, and Yoshio Okamoto. "Polysaccharide derivatives as useful chiral stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 9 (January 1, 2007): 1561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779091561.

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The chromatographic separation of enantiomers using chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has significantly advanced. The esters and carbamates of polysaccharides coated on silica gel have been extensively studied and widely used as CSPs for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to overcome the strict solvent limitation on these coated CSPs, the preparation of a new generation of CSPs consisting of immobilized polysaccharide derivatives has become increasingly important. The universal solvent compatibility of the new CSPs provides flexibility in both analytical and preparative chromatographies.

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Li, Jiabao, Shichun Cai, Yuanming Luo, and Xiuzhu Dong. "Three Feruloyl Esterases in Cellulosilyticum ruminicola H1 Act Synergistically To Hydrolyze Esterified Polysaccharides." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 17 (July 15, 2011): 6141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00657-11.

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ABSTRACTFeruloyl esterases (Faes) constitute a subclass of carboxyl esterases that specifically hydrolyze the ester linkages between ferulate and polysaccharides in plant cell walls. Until now, the described microbial Faes were mainly from fungi. In this study, we report thatCellulosilyticum ruminicolaH1, a previously described fibrolytic rumen bacterium, possesses three different active feruloyl esterases, FaeI, FaeII, and FaeIII. Phylogenetic analysis classified the described bacterial Faes into two types, FaeI and FaeII in type I and FaeIII in type II. Substrate specificity assays indicated that FaeI is more active against the ester bonds in natural hemicelluloses and FaeIII preferentially attacks the ferulate esters with a small moiety, such as methyl groups, while FaeII is active on both types of substrates. Among the three feruloyl esterase genes,faeIwas the only one induced significantly by xylose and xylan, while pectin appeared to moderately induce the three genes during the late log phase to stationary phase. Western blot analysis determined that FaeI and FaeIII were secreted and cytoplasmic proteins, respectively, whereas FaeII seemed to be cell associated. The addition of FaeI and FaeII but not FaeIII enhanced the activity of a xylanase on maize cob, suggesting a synergy of the former two with xylanase. Hence, we propose that the three feruloyl esterases work in concert to hydrolyze ferulate esters in natural hemicelluloses.

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Sibikina, O. V., A. A. Iozep, and B. V. Passet. "Reactions of Carboxymethyl Polysaccharides and Their Ethyl Esters with Amines." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 77, no. 2 (February 2004): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rjac.0000030363.44546.42.

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Nichifor, Marieta, and Adrian Carpov. "Bile acids covalently bound to polysaccharides 1. Esters of bile acids with dextran." European Polymer Journal 35, no. 12 (December 1999): 2125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(99)00013-0.

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6

Brown, J. A., and S. C. Fry. "Novel O-D-Galacturonoyl Esters in the Pectic Polysaccharides of Suspension-Cultured Plant Cells." Plant Physiology 103, no. 3 (November 1, 1993): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.3.993.

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7

Koschella, Andreas, Timo Leermann, Meinolf Brackhagen, and Thomas Heinze. "Study of sulfonic acid esters from 1→4-, 1→3-, and 1→6-linked polysaccharides." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100, no. 3 (2006): 2142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23600.

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8

Meyer, Knut, Annegret Kohler, and Heinrich Kauss. "Biosynthesis of ferulic acid esters of plant cell wall polysaccharides in endomembranes from parsley cells." FEBS Letters 290, no. 1-2 (September 23, 1991): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(91)81261-6.

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9

Neumüller, Klaus G., Adriana Carvalho de Souza, Joep Van Rijn, Maaike M. Appeldoorn, Hugo Streekstra, Henk A. Schols, and Harry Gruppen. "Fast and Robust Method To Determine Phenoyl and Acetyl Esters of Polysaccharides by Quantitative 1H NMR." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, no. 26 (June 18, 2013): 6282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf401393c.

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10

Del Fresno, Juan Manuel, Carlos Escott, Iris Loira, José Enrique Herbert-Pucheta, Rémi Schneider, Francisco Carrau, Rafael Cuerda, and Antonio Morata. "Impact of Hanseniaspora Vineae in Alcoholic Fermentation and Ageing on Lees of High-Quality White Wine." Fermentation 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6030066.

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Hanseniaspora vineae is an apiculate yeast that plays a significant role at the beginning of fermentation, and it has been studied for its application in the improvement of the aromatic profile of commercial wines. This work evaluates the use of H. vineae in alcoholic fermentation compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in ageing on the lees process (AOL) compared to Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The results indicated that there were not significant differences in basic oenological parameters. H. vineae completed the fermentation until 11.9% v/v of ethanol and with a residual sugars content of less than 2 g/L. Different aroma profiles were obtained in the wines, with esters concentration around 90 mg/L in H. vineae wines. Regarding the AOL assay, the hydroalcoholic solutions aged with H. vineae lees showed significantly higher absorbance values at 260 (nucleic acids) and 280 nm (proteins) compared to the other strains. However, non-significant differences were found in the polysaccharide content at the end of the ageing process were found compared to the other yeast species, with the exception of Schizosaccharomyces pombe that released around 23.5 mg/L of polysaccharides in hydroalcoholic solution. The use of H. vineae by the wineries may be a viable method in fermentation and AOL to improve the quality of white wines.

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de Santana-Filho, Arquimedes Paixão, Guilhermina Rodrigues Noleto, Philip Albert James Gorin, Lauro Mera de Souza, Marcello Iacomini, and Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki. "GC–MS detection and quantification of lipopolysaccharides in polysaccharides through 3-O-acetyl fatty acid methyl esters." Carbohydrate Polymers 87, no. 4 (March 2012): 2730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.073.

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12

Bancerz, Renata, Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk, Magdalena Jaszek, Justyna Sulej, Adrian Wiater, Anna Matuszewska, and Jerzy Rogalski. "Fungal polysaccharides as a water-adsorbing material in esters production with the use of lipase from Rhizomucor variabilis." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 118 (October 2018): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.162.

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13

Cumpstey, Ian. "Chemical Modification of Polysaccharides." ISRN Organic Chemistry 2013 (September 10, 2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/417672.

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This review covers methods for modifying the structures of polysaccharides. The introduction of hydrophobic, acidic, basic, or other functionality into polysaccharide structures can alter the properties of materials based on these substances. The development of chemical methods to achieve this aim is an ongoing area of research that is expected to become more important as the emphasis on using renewable starting materials and sustainable processes increases in the future. The methods covered in this review include ester and ether formation using saccharide oxygen nucleophiles, including enzymatic reactions and aspects of regioselectivity; the introduction of heteroatomic nucleophiles into polysaccharide chains; the oxidation of polysaccharides, including oxidative glycol cleavage, chemical oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, and enzymatic oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes; reactions of uronic-acid-based polysaccharides; nucleophilic reactions of the amines of chitosan; and the formation of unsaturated polysaccharide derivatives.

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14

Fernandes, Raquel Nunes, Andréa Alves Simiqueli, Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro Vidigal, Valéria Paula Rodrigues Minim, and Luis Antonio Minim. "Kinetic stability of the oil-in-water emulsions and dynamic interfacial properties of mixtures of sucrose esters and polysaccharides." Food Chemistry 357 (September 2021): 129693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129693.

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15

Urch, U. A., and H. Patel. "The interaction of boar sperm proacrosin with its natural substrate, the zona pellucida, and with polysulfated polysaccharides." Development 111, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.111.4.1165.

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Boar sperm acrosin is an acrosomal protease with trypsin-like specificity, and it functions in fertilization by assisting sperm passage through the zona pellucida by limited hydrolysis of this extracellular matrix. In addition to a proteolytic active site domain, acrosin binds the zona pellucida at a separate binding domain that is lost during proacrosin autolysis. In this study, we quantitate the binding of proacrosin to the physiological substrate for acrosin, the zona pellucida, and to a non-substrate, the polysulfated polysaccharide fucoidan. Binding was analogous to sea urchin sperm bindin that binds egg jelly fucan and the vitelline envelope of sea urchin eggs. Proacrosin was found to bind to fucoidan and to the zona pellucida with binding affinities similar to bindin interaction with egg jelly fucan. These interactions were competitively inhibited by similar relative molecular mass polysulfated polymers. Since bindin and proacrosin have distinctly different amino acid sequences, their interaction with acidic sulfate esters demonstrates an example of convergent evolution wherein different macromolecules localized in analogous sperm compartments have the same biological function. From cDNA sequence analysis of proacrosin, this binding may be mediated through a consensus sequence for binding sulfated glycoconjugates. Proacrosin binding to the zona pellucida may serve as both a recognition or primary sperm receptor, as well as maintaining the sperm on the zona pellucida once the acrosome reaction has occurred.

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16

Logan, Graham. "Molecular taphonomy of plant tissue at the Miocene Clarkia site, northern Idaho." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007474.

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The 17–20 million year old Miocene locality at Clarkia, northern Idaho, has become renowned as the first site to yield amplifiable DNA of geological age. This discovery has opened up the possibility of phylogenetic studies on fossil tissue using preserved DNA. However, the conditions required for DNA preservation in the fossil record are not understood. An organic geochemical study of fossil tissue and sediments has been undertaken at the Clarkia site to assess the preservation of other less labile compounds, such as leaf waxes, structural polysaccharides, cutins, lignins and chlorophyll pigments. Previous organic geochemical studies have developed an understanding of the behaviour of these compound classes in different environments. The relative behaviour of the compound classes and the preservation of individual compounds within each class can therefore help in the interpretation of the biogeochemistry of this site which may in turn shed light on the reported preservation of fossil DNA.Leaf waxes are preserved but a selective loss of long chain esters has occurred, and microbial degradation products of triterpenoids have been identified. Structural polysaccharides and cutins have been lost from the leaf tissues. A highly resistant aliphatic polymer is preserved in the mesophyll and epidermal regions of the leaves, with lignin identified in leaf vein tissues. Various degradation products of chlorophyll have also been identified. The organic geochemical results are all consistent with microbial degradation within the leaf tissues and sediment. Excellent morphological preservation is not accompanied by mutual chemical preservation. The survival of DNA in this environment is extremely surprising. However, preservation of plant polyphenols may provide an answer to this anomaly.

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17

Oke, Isdin. "Nanoscience in nature: cellulose nanocrystals." SURG Journal 3, no. 2 (February 6, 2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v3i2.1132.

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Nanoscience, the study of materials so small that not even light can capture them, seeks to unravel and understand the building blocks of our planet. Nature, perhaps the most talented nanoscientist, has created very remarkable biological nanomaterials including proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. This article will explore a very unique nanomaterial, derived from cellulose, that has received great academic and industrial interest over the last few years. Cellulose nanocrystals are shards of a very common polymer and possess a number of interesting properties including a high aspect ratio and large tension modulus. Cellulose nanocrystal structure can be manipulated during the extraction procedure to control size, degree of crystallinity and surface charge. Furthermore the crystals can be functionalized with surface functional groups, including sulfate esters, and successfully incorporated into polymer matrices. This article will explore physical and chemical extraction procedures, and characterization techniques including atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Finally, the future promise of cellulose nanocrystals will be discussed including potential applications in electronics, materials and medical industries.

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18

Vejarano, Ricardo. "Non-Saccharomyces in Winemaking: Source of Mannoproteins, Nitrogen, Enzymes, and Antimicrobial Compounds." Fermentation 6, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6030076.

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Traditionally, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been considered contaminants because of their high production of metabolites with negative connotations in wine. This aspect has been changing in recent years due to an increased interest in the use of these yeasts in the winemaking process. The majority of these yeasts have a low fermentation power, being used in mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to their ability to produce metabolites of enological interest, such as glycerol, fatty acids, organic acids, esters, higher alcohols, stable pigments, among others. Additionally, existing literature reports various compounds derived from the cellular structure of non-Saccharomyces yeasts with benefits in the winemaking process, such as polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, peptides, amino acids, or antimicrobial compounds, some of which, besides contributing to improving the quality of the wine, can be used as a source of nitrogen for the fermentation yeasts. These compounds can be produced exogenously, and later incorporated into the winemaking process, or be uptake directly by S. cerevisiae from the fermentation medium after their release via lysis of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in sequential fermentations.

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19

Golak-Siwulska, Iwona, Alina Kałużewicz, Tomasz Spiżewski, Marek Siwulski, and Krzysztof Sobieralski. "Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.)." Folia Horticulturae 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2018-0012.

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Abstract There are about 40 species in the Pleurotus genus, including those with high economic significance, i.e. P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms are of high nutritional and health-promoting value. In addition, many species belonging to the Pleurotus genus have been used as sources of substances with documented medicinal properties, such as high-molecular weight bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, peptides and proteins) and low-molecular weight compounds (terpenoids, fatty acid esters and polyphenols). The bioactive substances contained in the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus species exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-oxidative properties. Their multidirectional positive influence on the human organism is the result of interaction of bioactive substances. Extracts from individual Pleurotus species can be used for the production of dietary supplements increasing the organism’s immunity. They are also used for the production of cosmetics. They can be added to functional foods as probiotics, or used as natural preservatives or ingredients of special foodstuffs for patients with specific diseases.

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Zhang, Huimin, Hongguang Yan, Cuixiang Lu, Hui Lin, and Quan Li. "Solid-state NMR Spectroscopic Analysis of Sweet Cherry Leaves under Different Cultivation Patterns." HortScience 56, no. 2 (February 2021): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15346-20.

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Solid-state 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the chemical components of sweet cherry tree leaves under rain-shelter cultivation (RS) and open-field cultivation (CK). The 1H-NMR spectral chemical shifts of RS and CK showed differences in height and integral value. The δ 1–3, δ 3–4, δ 4–6, and δ 6–10 regions were attributed to the hydrogen signals of aliphatic compounds, unsaturated carbohydrate compounds, and aromatic compounds, respectively. Among the four regions, the percentage of signal strength and the integral value of hydrogen signals of RS and CK were 34.25% and 28.34%, 11.64% and 12.26%, 26.71% and 31.06%, 27.4% and 28.34%, respectively. The 13C-NMR results showed that the CK sample had slightly stronger spectral lines and contained slightly more carbon atoms than the RS sample. Sweet cherry leaves contain aromatic and carboxyl carbons, mainly from carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. The alkyl carbons exhibited the lowest ratio, whereas the alkyl and alkoxy carbons were mainly derived from carbohydrates (cellulose, polysaccharides).

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López-Martínez, Verónica Gisela, Jorge A. Guerrero-Álvarez, José Gustavo Ronderos-Lara, Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar, Jorge Ernesto Solá-Pérez, Ismael León-Rivera, and Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña. "Spectral Characteristics Related to Chemical Substructures and Structures Indicative of Organic Precursors from Fulvic Acids in Sediments by NMR and HPLC-ESI-MS." Molecules 26, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134051.

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The aim of this work was to determine Fulvic Acids (FAs) in sediments to better know their composition at the molecular level and to propose substructures and structures of organic precursors. The sediment samples were obtained from a priority area for the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity in Mexico. FAs were extracted and purified using modifications to the International Humic Substances Society method. The characterization was carried out by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) in positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI−) modes. Twelve substructures were proposed by the COSY and HSQC experiments, correlating with compounds likely belonging to lignin derivatives obtained from soils as previously reported. The analysis of spectra obtained by HPLC-ESI-MS indicated likely presence of compounds chemically similar to that of the substructures elucidated by NMR. FAs studied are mainly constituted by carboxylic acids, hydroxyl, esters, vinyls, aliphatics, substituted aromatic rings, and amines, presenting structures related to organic precursors, such as lignin derivatives and polysaccharides.

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Zhou, Qi, Zhiqiang Ou, Xin Rao, Yi Liu, Chen Liang, Liming Zhang, Chunqing Huo, and Xueyu Du. "Lignin-carbohydrate complexes from coconut (Cocos nucifera) coir: Fractionation, structural elucidation, and potential applications." BioResources 15, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 7100–7117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.7100-7117.

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Coconut coir, a major type of tropical lignocellulosic waste, has been restricted from higher-value applications due to its chemical complexity and inherent variability. To better disclose the chemical relationships between polysaccharides and lignin in coir and further exploit its high value-added bio-based materials, two lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) designated as glucan-lignin (GL) and xylan-lignin (XL) were successively isolated from coir via a simplified and quantitative fractionation method. The characterization of chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, and constituent substructures of the isolated LCC fractions were examined, and the lignin-carbohydrate (LC) chemical linkages were revealed as γ-esters by a 2D heteronuclear singular quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR technique. Furthermore, XL was demonstrated as a more competitive candidate than GL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) removal in comparison with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, a commercial antioxidant), and was also featured as a more promising reinforcing agent for elevating the adsorption property of polyacrylamide-based hydrogels via the synergistic effect of physical and hydrogen bonding adsorptions.

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Ferguson, Melissa J., and Gwyn P. Jones. "Production of short-chain fatty acids followingin vitro fermentation of saccharides, saccharide esters, fructo-oligosaccharides, starches, modified starches and non-starch polysaccharides." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000101)80:1<166::aid-jsfa512>3.0.co;2-k.

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ADHIKARI, DIPAN, and TUHIN GHOSH. "Chemical Profiling of Polysaccharides Present in Peels of Citrus limetta and Bioassay based Screening of in vitro Antioxidant Activities." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 9 (2020): 2308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22798.

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In this analyses, the chemical compositions of polysaccharides isolated from the peels of Citrus limetta had been studied and discussed its antioxidant activity of different active fractions. To emphasize the chemical structure of polysaccharides, a rhamnoglucan polysaccharide was identified with probable ester linked phenolic acid. The sugar composition and purification by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been presented. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts prepared from Citrus limetta peel powder were determined using well known in vitro systems and standard procedure for ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS•+), hydroxyl radical (OH•), nitric oxide (NO) assay, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and metal chelation property. The rhamnoglucan (A) present exhibited the highest bioactivity potentiality succeeded by traces of uronic acid and galactan. From the investigation, it could be emphasized that water extracted polysaccharide, which brings forth potent pharmacological activities figures out the importance as alternative natural compounds as to-be-exploited leads for low-cost sources of efficient bioactive molecules with strong antioxidant activities in different pharmaceutical and cosmoceutical formulations.

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Samouillan, Valerie, Ignacio Miguel Martinez de Lejarza Samper, Aleyda Benitez Amaro, David Vilades, Jany Dandurand, Josefina Casas, Esther Jorge, et al. "Biophysical and Lipidomic Biomarkers of Cardiac Remodeling Post-Myocardial Infarction in Humans." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111471.

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Few studies have analyzed the potential of biophysical parameters as markers of cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in human hearts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) illustrates the overall changes in proteins, nucleic acids and lipids in a single signature. The aim of this work was to define the FTIR and lipidomic pattern for human left ventricular remodeling post-MI. A total of nine explanted hearts from ischemic cardiomyopathy patients were collected. Samples from the right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and infarcted left ventricle (LV INF) were subjected to biophysical (FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and lipidomic (liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, LC–HRMS) studies. FTIR evidenced deep alterations in the myofibers, extracellular matrix proteins, and the hydric response of the LV INF compared to the RV or LV from the same subject. The lipid and esterified lipid FTIR bands were enhanced in LV INF, and both lipid indicators were tightly and positively correlated with remodeling markers such as collagen, lactate, polysaccharides, and glycogen in these samples. Lipidomic analysis revealed an increase in several species of sphingomyelin (SM), hexosylceramide (HexCer), and cholesteryl esters combined with a decrease in glycerophospholipids in the infarcted tissue. Our results validate FTIR indicators and several species of lipids as useful markers of left ventricular remodeling post-MI in humans.

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Bala, Manju, Praveen Kumar Verma, Shiv Awasthi, Neeraj Kumar, Brij Lal, and Bikram Singh. "Chemical Prospection of Important Ayurvedic Plant Tinospora cordifolia by UPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and NMR." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000113.

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A rapid, sensitive, and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of four bioactive compounds, syringin (3), cordifolioside A (4), magnoflorine (6) and tinocordiside (10) in the stem of Tinospora cordifolia. The analysis was performed using an Acquity C18 column and gradient elution of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a detection wavelength of 267 nm in 5 min. A high correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.998) indicated good correlation between investigated compounds concentration and their peak area within the test ranges. The LODs for compounds 3, 4, 6 and 10 were 1.95, 0.97, 3.90 and 0.97 ng/mL, respectively, and LOQs were 6.64, 3.20, 12.87 and 3.20 ng/mL, respectively. The overall intra- and inter-day variations of the four compounds were less than 1%. The variation of these four bioactive compounds in T. cordifolia hosted on fifteen different trees was also determined. The compounds (3, 4, 6 and 10) were found in high amount in the T. cordifolia hosted on Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica as compared with other plants. Twelve compounds were identified on the basis of their mass and UV-vis spectra. The NMR fingerprinting of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, fatty acid methyl esters, polysaccharides and marker components of T. cordifolia.

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Vicente, Javier, Fernando Calderón, Antonio Santos, Domingo Marquina, and Santiago Benito. "High Potential of Pichia kluyveri and Other Pichia Species in Wine Technology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031196.

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The surfaces of grapes are covered by different yeast species that are important in the first stages of the fermentation process. In recent years, non-Saccharomyces yeasts such as Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia kluyveri have become popular with regard to winemaking and improved wine quality. For that reason, several manufacturers started to offer commercially available strains of these non-Saccharomyces species. P. kluyveri stands out, mainly due to its contribution to wine aroma, glycerol, ethanol yield, and killer factor. The metabolism of the yeast allows it to increase volatile molecules such as esters and varietal thiols (aroma-active compounds), which increase the quality of specific varietal wines or neutral ones. It is considered a low- or non-fermentative yeast, so subsequent inoculation of a more fermentative yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae is indispensable to achieve a proper fermented alcohol. The impact of P. kluyveri is not limited to the grape wine industry; it has also been successfully employed in beer, cider, durian, and tequila fermentation, among others, acting as a promising tool in those fermentation processes. Although no Pichia species other than P. kluyveri is available in the regular market, several recent scientific studies show interesting improvements in some wine quality parameters such as aroma, polysaccharides, acid management, and color stability. This could motivate yeast manufacturers to develop products based on those species in the near future.

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Yu, P., J. J. McKinnon, and D. A. Christensen. "Hydroxycinnamic acids and ferulic acid esterase in relation to biodegradation of complex plant cell walls." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a04-010.

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Ferulic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid), present in complex plant cell walls, is covalently cross-linked to polysaccharides by ester bonds and to components of lignin mainly by ether bonds. Ferulic acid has also been shown to occur in dimer- and trimerized forms through oxidative coupling between esterified and/or etherified ferulic acid residues. These cross-links are among the factors most inhibitory to digestion of complex plant cell walls in ruminants. Recently obtained information on ferulic acid and ferulic acid esterases in relation to complex plant cell wall biodegradation is reviewed. A focus of the review is on structural characteristics of plant cell walls associated with ferulic acid, physicochemical properties of ferulic acid esterase and synergistic interaction between ferulic acid esterase and other accessary cell wall degrading enzymes on the release of ferulic acid and plant cell wall biodegradation. Key words: Ferulic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, feruloyl esterase, interaction effects, polysaccharide, feruloyl-polysaccharides, plant cell walls, biodegradation

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Sahu, A., T. R. Kozel, and M. K. Pangburn. "Specificity of the thioester-containing reactive site of human C3 and its significance to complement activation." Biochemical Journal 302, no. 2 (September 1, 1994): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020429.

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The specificity of the thioester-containing site in three plasma proteins is regulated by elements of their protein structures other than the thioester bond itself. Human C4A and alpha 2-macroglobulin preferentially form amide linkages while human C3 primarily forms ester linkages with hydroxyl groups. We have examined the thioester in C3 and found evidence of strong preferences for certain carbohydrates, indications of selectivity for specific positions on those carbohydrates and a preference for terminal sugars in polysaccharides. A testable set of rules are derived from these findings which predict preferred attachment sites on polysaccharides. A computer model of the effect of different reactivities on activation of the alternative pathway of complement suggested that organisms might greatly alter their susceptibility to complement with small changes in carbohydrate structure. While a random selection of 20 biological particles showed no correlation between activation and C3b attachment efficiency, subsets of related organisms differing primarily in their surface polysaccharide exhibited stronger correlations. The strongest correlation occurred in a series of the yeasts (Cryptococcus neoformans) possessing capsular polysaccharides with one, two, three or four branching xylose sugars per repeating unit. These organisms exhibited capture efficiencies for metastable C3b from 12% (one-xylose strain) to 41% (four-xylose strain).

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Hu, Jing, Wenxue Huang, Fantao Zhang, Xiangdong Luo, Yaling Chen, and Jiankun Xie. "Variability of Volatile Compounds in the Medicinal Plant Dendrobium officinale from Different Regions." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 5046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215046.

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Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, a rare and traditional medicinal plant, contains many nutrients such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, amino acids and so on. Different growth environment and intraspecific hybridization of different germplasm resources lead to large differences in the yield, quality and medicinal value of D. officinale. Here, the volatile compounds of D. officinale from four producing regions (Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Jiangxi) were analyzed to provide a certain reference value for the selection of a specific medicinal component in D. officinale breeding. Fresh stems of D. officinale germplasm resources were collected, and the chemical constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 101 volatile compounds were identified, of which esters and alcohols accounted for 23 and 22. Hexacosane is the highest relative content of all volatile components. The highest content of hexacosane was observed in YA1 from Yunnan was 34.41%, and the lowest (23.41%) in JA1 from Jiangxi. Moreover, 5-10 unique substances were determined in different regions. A total of 17 medicinal components were detected, and three unique medicinal components were detected only in YA1, revealing that YA1 can provide raw materials for the application of specific medicinal substances extraction. A total of four toxic components were detected, but no toxic components were detected in JA1 from Jiangxi, suggested that the germplasm resources from Jiangxi could be exploited efficiently for breeding superior D. officinale specimens. The results provide a theoretical basis for the collection, protection and utilization of D. officinale germplasm resources in different regions.

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Bunzel, M., J. Ralph, and H. Steinhart. "Phenolic compounds as cross-links of plant derived polysaccharides." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S64—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10613-cjfs.

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Plant cell wall polysaccharides are partially cross-linked via phenolic compounds. As shown in the past, the most important phenolic compounds to cross-link plant cell-wall polysaccharides are ester-linked ferulic acid dimers, but p-coumarate dimers were also shown to be potential cross-linking compounds. Recently, ferulic acid dimers were identified and quantified in a range of cereal grains. The isolation of 8-O-4-dehydrodiferulic aciddiarabinoside from maize bran shows that diferulic acids are able to form intermolecular cross-links between arabinoxylans. The more recently identified sinapic acid dehydrodimers and ferulic acid dehydrotrimers provide additional contributions to building up a strong network of plant cell wall polysaccharides.

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Piper, Jørgen. "Toxicology of Synthetic Polysaccharide Polysulphuric Acid Esters." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 2, no. 4 (March 13, 2009): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1946.tb02623.x.

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Sheng, Zhili, Junmei Liu, and Bao Yang. "Structure Differences of Water Soluble Polysaccharides in Astragalus membranaceus Induced by Origin and Their Bioactivity." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081755.

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Astragalus membranaceus is a functional food with multiple bioactivities. It presents differentiated health benefits due to origins. Polysaccharides (APS) are the leading bioactive macromolecules of A. membranaceus, which are highly related to its health benefits. However, the effect of origin on the structural characteristics of APSs remains unclear. In this work, polysaccharides from four origins were isolated and identified by NMR. The results showed APSs of four origins had identical monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage. Rhamnogalacturonan II pectins and α-(1→4)-glucan were the dominant polysaccharides. However, the level of methyl ester in pectins varied to a large extent. The molecular weight profiles of APSs were also different. Inner Mongolia APS had the largest percentage of 20–40 kDa polysaccharides. Molecular weight and methyl ester level were two important parameters determining the difference of APSs from four origins. These results were helpful to recognize the origin-related quality of A. membranaceus.

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Minh Ly, Bui, Ngo Quoc Buu, Nguyen Duy Nhut, Pham Duc Thinh, and Tran Thi Thanh Van. "STUDIES ON FUCOIDAN AND ITS PRODUCTION FROM VIETNAMESE BROWN SEAWEEDS." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 22, no. 4 (November 11, 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.173.

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Sulfated fucans are among the most widely studied of all the sulfated polysaccharides of plant origin that exhibit biological activities in mammalian systems. In this report fucoidans from some Vietnamese Sargassumspecies such as S.polycystum, S.oligocystum, S.mcclurei, S. Swartzii and denticaprum were extracted and fractionated on a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses, the fucoidan fractions obtained were found to be the sulfated fucogalactans containing sulfate ester groups and uronic acid, and composed essentially of fucose and galactose, as well as a minor amount of other sugars. The polysaccharide fractions were tested for anticancer activity. The primarily obtained results showed that all fucoidan fractions isolated from S. swartziidemonstrate bioactivity effects against cancer cells, while fraction F5 with a highest sulfate content exhibits the strongest anti-invasion activity. This indicates that sulfate content plays an important role in the anticancer activity of the brown algal fucoidans. A laboratory scale pilot for fuco idan production from Vietnamese brown seaweeds has been set with a capacity of 500 g of crude fucoidan per day.

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Ge, Haobo, Fernando Cortezon-Tamarit, Hui-Chen Wang, Adam C. Sedgwick, Rory L. Arrowsmith, Vincenzo Mirabello, Stanley W. Botchway, Tony D. James, and Sofia I. Pascu. "Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and super-resolution fluorescence imaging with a supramolecular biopolymer for the controlled tagging of polysaccharides." Nanoscale 11, no. 19 (2019): 9498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10344e.

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Dicke, René. "A straight way to regioselectively functionalized polysaccharide esters." Cellulose 11, no. 2 (June 2004): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:cell.0000025426.82260.71.

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van den Broek, Lambertus A. M., and Carmen G. Boeriu. "Enzymatic synthesis of oligo- and polysaccharide fatty acid esters." Carbohydrate Polymers 93, no. 1 (March 2013): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.051.

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Marcel, Popa, Sunel Valeriu, Balaita Rusu Lacramioara, and Basu Cristina. "Study of Immobilization by Esteric Bond of 2-(m-Nitrophenyl)-4-(β- Carboxymethyl)-Δ2-Oxazolinone-5 on Gellan." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 5, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj291.

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The paper studies the coupling reaction, through ester-type covalent bonds, of an oxazolone derived from the N-(m-nitrobenzoyl)-L-asparagic acid, on gellan (a polysaccharide of microbian synthesis), in conditions of activation with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. Based on a centered, rotatory, composed, second order experimental program, the regression equation describing the dependence of the amount of active principle, chemically bounded to the support, on the reaction’s parameters (support/active principle ratio, active principle/activator ratio, duration) is obtained. One may observe that the efficiency of the coupling reaction is maximum when employing the parameters’ highest values, over the variation domain established. The coupling product has been characterized through elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. For the establishment of the capacity of the active principle’s controlled release by the polymer-active principle system thus obtained, drug’s release kinetics from the polysaccharidic support is studied in conditions of basic hydrolysis. The oxazolone release from the coupling products, by basic hydrolysis proceeds conformely to a zero order kinetics, proving their retard activity.

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Chen, Junyi, Xutao Ma, and Kevin J. Edgar. "A Versatile Method for Preparing Polysaccharide Conjugates via Thiol-Michael Addition." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121905.

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Polysaccharide conjugates are important renewable materials. If properly designed, they may for example be able to carry drugs, be proactive (e.g., with amino acid substituents) and can carry a charge. These aspects can be particularly useful for biomedical applications. Herein, we report a simple approach to preparing polysaccharide conjugates. Thiol-Michael additions can be mild, modular, and efficient, making them useful tools for post-modification and the tailoring of polysaccharide architecture. In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and dextran (Dex) were modified by methacrylation. The resulting polysaccharide, bearing α,β-unsaturated esters with tunable DS (methacrylate), was reacted with various thiols, including 2-thioethylamine, cysteine, and thiol functional quaternary ammonium salt through thiol-Michael addition, affording functionalized conjugates. This click-like synthetic approach provided several advantages including a fast reaction rate, high conversion, and the use of water as a solvent. Among these polysaccharide conjugates, the ones bearing quaternary ammonium salts exhibited competitive antimicrobial performance, as supported by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study and tracked by SEM characterization. Overall, this methodology provides a versatile route to polysaccharide conjugates with diverse functionalities, enabling applications such as antimicrobial activity, gene or drug delivery, and biomimicry.

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Vachoud, Laurent, Tianhong Chen, Gregory F. Payne, and Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt. "Peroxidase catalyzed grafting of gallate esters onto the polysaccharide chitosan." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 29, no. 6-7 (October 2001): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00404-5.

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García, Margarita, Braulio Esteve-Zarzoso, Juan Cabellos, and Teresa Arroyo. "Advances in the Study of Candida stellata." Fermentation 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4030074.

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Candida stellata is an imperfect yeast of the genus Candida that belongs to the order Saccharomycetales, while phylum Ascomycota. C. stellata was isolated originally from a must overripe in Germany but is widespread in natural and artificial habitats. C. stellata is a yeast with a taxonomic history characterized by numerous changes; it is either a heterogeneous species or easily confused with other yeast species that colonize the same substrates. The strain DBVPG 3827, frequently used to investigate the oenological properties of C. stellata, was recently renamed as Starmerella bombicola, which can be easily confused with C. zemplinina or related species like C. lactis-condensi. Strains of C. stellata have been used in the processing of foods and feeds for thousands of years. This species, which is commonly isolated from grape must, has been found to be competitive and persistent in fermentation in both white and red wine in various wine regions of the world and tolerates a concentration of at least 9% (v/v) ethanol. Although these yeasts can produce spoilage, several studies have been conducted to characterize C. stellata for their ability to produce desirable metabolites for wine flavor, such as acetate esters, or for the presence of enzymatic activities that enhance wine aroma, such as β-glucosidase. This microorganism could also possess many interesting technological properties that could be applied in food processing. Exo and endoglucosidases and polygalactosidase of C. stellata are important in the degradation of β-glucans produced by Botrytis cinerea. In traditional balsamic vinegar production, C. stellata shapes the aromatic profile of traditional vinegar, producing ethanol from fructose and high concentrations of glycerol, succinic acid, ethyl acetate, and acetoin. Chemical characterization of exocellular polysaccharides produced by non-Saccharomyces yeasts revealed them to essentially be mannoproteins with high mannose contents, ranging from 73–74% for Starmerella bombicola. Numerous studies have clearly proven that these macromolecules make multiple positive contributions to wine quality. Recent studies on C. stellata strains in wines made by co-fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae have found that the aroma attributes of the individual strains were apparent when the inoculation protocol permitted the growth and activity of both yeasts. The exploitation of the diversity of biochemical and sensory properties of non-Saccharomyces yeast could be of interest for obtaining new products.

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Hesse, S., S. Hornig, T. Liebert, and T. Heinze. "Novel Polysaccharide Ester Membranes: Preparation and Structure Characterization." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 77, no. 8 (August 2005): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200590343.

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Kulakowska, Malgorzata, Jean-Robert Brisson, Douglas W. Griffith, N. Martin Young, and Harold J. Jennings. "High-resolution NMR spectroscopic analysis of the C-polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-086.

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The complete structure of the complex cell-wall C-polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae R36A was elucidated using a combination of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The C-polysaccharide is composed of the following repeating unit β-D-Glcp1 → 3-α-D-AATp1 → 4-α-D-GalpNAc1 → 3-β-D-GalpNAc1 → 1-ribitol-5-phosphate where AAT is 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxygalactopyranoside. The C-polysaccharide contains two phosphorylcholine substituents per repeating unit, which are situated on O-6 of each of the two 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-galactopyranose residues. The repeating units are linked through a diphosphate ester from ribitol to O-6 of the β-D-glucopyranosyl residue.

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Piper, Jørgen. "The Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin and Synthetic Polysaccharide-Polysulphuric Acid Esters." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 2, no. 2 (March 13, 2009): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1946.tb02605.x.

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Rekaby, Manal Moustafa, and Qin Guo Fan. "Encapsulation of Pigment Using Natural Polysaccharides." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.494.

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With a view to developing UV curable systems from renewable biocompatible raw materials, the present work deals with the encapsulation of pigments with polysaccharide derivatives that can undergo crosslinking upon exposure to UV radiation. Maleate ester derivatives were prepared in anhydrous conditions using maleic anhydride in the presence of pyridine. Encapsulation of the pigment core in the prepared UV curable systems occurred by applying the prepared guar derivative as a shell material in a UV curable formulation that can be induced by a photoinitiator. Encapsulation is done by the o/w/o miniemulsion polymerization technique. In another approach, and for the sake of comparison, microencapsulation was performed via chemical crosslinking of the prepared guar maleate derivative in a W/O emulsion .The resultant nanocapsules were characterized using FTIR, DSC, and SEM. The nanocapsules were spherical with average particle size of 100 nm.

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Zhu, Wen, Vincent E. C. Ooi, Paul K. S. Chan, and Put O. Ang Jr. "Isolation and characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown algaSargassum patensand determination of its anti-herpes activity." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o02-169.

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Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract from the brown alga Sargassum patens led to the isolation of a polysaccharide as an antiviral component against herpes simplex viruses which are the cause of cold sores (HSV-1) and genital herpes (HSV-2). The polysaccharide contained a sulfur group that could be present as a sulfate ester. It is thus a sulfated polysaccharide with a molecular mass of about 424 kDa, and is designated SP-2a. Gas chromatographic assay showed that the polysaccharide consisted of fucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, glucose, and galactosamine. The fucose is the major constituent sugar (35.3%), followed by galactose (18.4%). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) against HSV-2, HSV-1, and HSV-1 acyclovir resistant strain was 1.3, 5.5, and 4.1 µg/mL, respectively. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of SP-2a on the growth of normal Vero cell line was more than 4000 µg/mL. Therefore SP-2a of S. patens may be a potent agent for treating HSV infections. Key words: sulfated polysaccharide, anti-herpes activities, brown alga, Sargassum.

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Yu, P., J. J. McKinnon, and D. A. Christensen. "Structural characterization of low lignin (AC Assinobia) and high lignin (Normal) of oat hulls by Diffuse-Reflectance Fourier Transform Vibrational Infrared Spectroscopic analysis." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013260.

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Oat hulls are a byproduct of the oat processing industry. Nutritionally, oat hulls are high in fiber, low in protein and are comparable to cereal straw as a feedstuff. As such, they are only suitable for ruminant feed. Due to the large supply, it is economically important to improve the nutritional qualities of this byproduct. Oat hulls contain hydroxycinnamic acids, which are covalently cross-linked to polysaccharides by ester bonds and to components of lignin mainly by ether bonds. These cross-links are a barrier to biodegradation and limit cell-wall degradability by rumen microorganisms. It is believed that these hydroxycinamic acids are among the factors most inhibitory to the biodegradability of plant cell wall polysaccharides.

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Kim, Byoung-Hyoun, Sang Uck Lee, Kun Tai Kim, Joo-Young Lee, Nak Hee Choi, Young-Kyu Han, and Jong Hoa Ok. "Enantiomeric discrimination of pyrethroic acid esters on polysaccharide derived chiral stationary phases." Chirality 15, no. 3 (2003): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.10195.

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Crescenzi, Vittorio, Mariella Dentini, Maurizio Segatori, Cinzia Tiblandi, Lanfranco Callegaro, and Luca Benedetti. "Synthesis and preliminary characterisation of new esters of the bacterial polysaccharide gellan." Carbohydrate Research 231 (July 1992): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(92)84009-h.

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Porfyris, Athanasios, Constantine D. Papaspyrides, Natnael Behabtu, Cristian Lenges, and Alexander Kopatsis. "High-Solids, Solvent-Free Modification of Engineered Polysaccharides." Molecules 26, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 4058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134058.

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The nature-identical engineered polysaccharide α-(1,3) glucan, produced by the enzymatic polymerization of sucrose, was chemically modified by acylation with succinic anhydride. This modification reaction was initially performed at the micro scale in a TGA reactor to access a range of reaction conditions and to study the mechanism of the reaction. Subsequently, the best performing conditions were reproduced at the larger laboratory scale. The reaction products were characterized via coupled TGA/DSC analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, solution viscosity and pH determination. The acylation path resulted in partially modifying the polysaccharide by altering its behavior in terms of thermal properties and solubility. The acylation in a solvent-free approach was found promising for the development of novel, potentially melt-processable and fully bio-based and biodegradable ester compounds.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polysaccharides esters'

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