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Academic literature on the topic 'Polysaccharides membranaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polysaccharides membranaires"
Leclercq, Yves. "Interactions transferrines macrophages : rôle des glycannes dans la reconnaissance par les récepteurs membranaires du macrophage péritonéal de souris." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10151.
Full textDuval, Caroline. "Elaboration de dérivés du pullulane à amphiphilie contrôlée : Application à l'extraction de protéines membranaires intégrales." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES003.
Full textStudy of integral membrane proteins is of great importance for the understanding of cellular mechanisms, such as photosynthesis, respiration, or bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Those highly hydrophobic proteins are water insoluble; surfactants are thus necessary for their handling in aqueous solutions. Among surfactants recently developed for this use, amphiphilic polymers called amphipols display interesting potential. Amphiphilic biopolymers with similar properties would be particularly attractive. Therefore, we tried to develop hydrophobically-modified polysaccharides able to extract integral membrane proteins and to make them soluble, under non-denaturing conditions. Pullulan is a water-soluble, flexible polysaccharide. Its chemical modification is well controlled. A set of amphiphilic pullulan derivatives with moderate molar mass ( " 30 000 g. Mol-1) was prepared. Carboxymethyl groups were first introduced (0,2 to 1,2 per anhydroglucose unit) to favor water-solubility of amphiphilic derivatives. Large extents (up to 48%) of alkyl (C8 to C12) and 3-phenylpropyl hydrophobic chains were then grafted through amide or ester linkages. Amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans display surface-active properties. Hydrophobic microdomain formation was evidenced in aqueous solution. According to the samples studied, various aggregation phenomena were observed. Some amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans are actually able to extract membrane proteins from their lipid surrounding. Comparison of their capacities led to identify C4?18C10d (pullulan with 18% decyl groups and 91% ungrafted carboxymethyl groups) as the most efficient sample. The effect of this amphiphilic biopolymer on protein activity is similar to that of a mild detergent
Planchon, Stella. "Aptitude de Staphylococcus carnosus et Staphylococcus xylosus à former des biofilms." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/69/39/34/PDF/2006CLF21661.pdf.
Full textBoutaleb, Nadia. "Étude de la formation de biofilms sur les surfaces de matériaux couramment utilisés dans les canalisations d'eau potable." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS099.
Full textThe biofilms developed in drinking water pipelines pose a real problem of public health in addition of other corrosion phenomena or pressure losses. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms which are involved in bacterial adhesion to abiotic supports, must allow developing new strategies of fight against the biofilms. Our work constitutes a contribution to the comprehension of the mechanisms implied in the process of bioadhesion to the drinking water pipelines through the evaluation of the physicochemical surfaces properties (hydrophobicity, acid-base character and surface charges) and structural characterisation of the bacterial membrane as well as tests of adhesion. The impact of environmental factors such as the pH, the ionic force or the presence of chlorine is investigated on surface physicochemical properties of bacteria to allow a better understanding of the respective role played by the non-specific interactions in the adhesion phenomena. These results are completed by a structural analysis by infrared spectroscopy which reveals which membrane components are primarily implicated in the bacterial adaptation to the physicochemical changes of the medium. Attempts to correlate the theoretical approach “XDLVO” to the results of adhesion tests on various supports of drinking water pipelines are performed. This allows evaluating its efficacy to predict the bioadhesion and the types of interactions implicated during this process. Finally, the structural adaptation, the organization and the architecture of the biofilm developed under various physico-chemical and hydrodynamic conditions are evaluated in “dynamic mode” by infrared spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. This dynamic study allows proposing an early marker of colonisation which could help in the water networks monitoring
Romdhane, Ahlem. "Procédés de séparation membranaire pour la production en continu de nanocristaux de polysaccharides : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI074/document.
Full textThe current work investigates the use of cross flow microfiltration using ceramic membrane to fractionate the heterogeneous suspension obtained after starch hydrolysis in order to isolate starch nanocrystals. The final aim is to evaluate the possibility of coupling the filtration step to the hydrolysis step in a single production loop in order to enhance the starch nanocrystal production yield. The characterizations of the suspension (particle size and charge) obtained with the classic production process indicates that it was a mixture of starch nanocrystal aggregates and starch residues, individualized starch nanocrystals represent only 5 % of the initial starch. The fractionation study was done using two pilot plans, in a dead end configuration at laboratory scale (plate membrane) and in a cross flow configuration at semi-industrial scale (tubular membrane). Design of experiments methodology was used to optimize the fractionation efficiency when filtering a neutral suspension considering the effect of filtration parameter on the transmission yield and membrane fouling. In the optimized condition, it was possible to recover 25 % of starch nanocrystals while keeping the permeate flux at its highest value. Mean diameter of the recovered particle was less than 300 nm. At this condition, it was also possible to recover the starch nanocrystals directly from the acidic mixture obtained at the end of the hydrolysis step. The analysis of fouling mechanism using dead end filtration experiments highlights that membrane fouling occurs because a cake bult up at the membrane surface. This study investigates also the use of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane in a diafiltration process in order to purify the acidic suspension from soluble molecules without modifying particle size distribution which is a promising technique for a large scale production