Dissertations / Theses: 'Polysemie'

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Caudal, Patrick. "La polysemie aspectuelle - contraste francais/anglais." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070067.

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La presente these a pour objectif de formuler une theorie des effets de polysemie aspectuelle en adoptant une demarche contrastive francais/anglais, appliquee a un corpus de donnees bilingue. Elle soutient que les interpretations aspectuelles d'un enonce sont constituees a partir de deux grands types d'information aspectuelle, qui sont la structure situationnelle (portee par un verbe et sa complementation) et les points de vue aspectuels (portes par un temps verbal). Ces derniers expriment la perspective selon laquelle l'enonciateur nous presente une situation (c'est-a-dire un proces), qui est vue comme une figure se detachant plus ou moins et selon des modalites variables sur le fond du temps percu. Ceci suppose une operation de focalisation, qui consiste a valider une zone particuliere d'une structure situationnelle (i. E. Une phase), parfois en combinaison avec une operation de coercition, alterant une situation. L'apport principal de la these est une theorie de la focalisation et de la coercition basee sur une conception riche de la structure situationnelle. A chaque situation est associe un decoupage linguistiquement motive en phases, ainsi qu'une hierarchie de saillance de ces phases, expliquant la possibilite d'une focalisation sur une phase pour un temps et eventuellement des modifieurs de gv donnes, ceux-ci apportant des contraintes sur la focalisation. Le decoupage avance a ete particulierement affine selon un angle contrastif pour la phase resultante d'une situation (i. E. Son etat resultant). Il a ete egalement propose d'enrichir la description de la structure situationnelle au moyen d'echelles de degres, qui permettent d'offrir une representation complexe des changements d'etat, et de rendre compte des effets de sens aspectuels des modifieurs de degre tels que presque, a peine, completement, a peine, etc. Enfin, une formalisation de ces resultats theoriques a ete ebauchee dans le cadre de la drt (discourse representation theory).

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Marongiu, Stefano. "Eine kontrastive Analyse der Polysemie deiktischer Bewegungsverben." [S.l. : s.n.], 1997. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB6466689.

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Konfe, Amadou. "Contribution au traitement automatique de la polysemie." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN2028.

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La polysemie en langue naturelle est un phenomene courant que les outils de traitement automatique de l'homonymie ne permettent pas de prendre en compte. A caen, le laboratoire de linguistique elsap a mis au point une theorie de l'ambiguite abordee dans une perspective polysemique, theorie qui a donne lieu a un modele mathematique. La presente these se situe au niveau de la realisation informatique de ce modele a l'aide de methodes connexionnistes. Nous presentons les differenhtes versions d'une application realisee pour le traitement de la plysemie de trois adverbes francais, encore, deja et toujours. Une de ces versions utilise des methodes symboliques (un systeme expert), et nous en profitons pour faire une etude comparative entre les deux approches, symbolique et connexionniste, pour le probleme pose. Il ressort de cette etude que le modele connexionniste est le mieux adapte a notre probleme, du fait de la particularite du domaine: l'expertise n'est pas entierement connue et le raisonnement est de type approche. L'expert marque cependant sa preference pour la solution symbolique: cela lui permet de dialoguer avec le systeme. Pour completer l'approche connexionniste dans ce sens, nous proposons une methode d'extraction de regles symboliques, basee sur une application de la theorie des catastrophes, et adaptee au type de reseaux connexionnistes que nous utilisons: les reseaux recurrents. Nous terminons avec les perspectives ouvertes par cette voir, vers des systemes hybrides: symboliques/connexionnistes

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Chibout, Karim. "La polysemie lexicale : observations linguistiques, modelisation informatique, etudes ergonomique et psycholinguistique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112337.

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Ce travail est une tentative d'etude pluridisciplinaire (linguistique, informatique, ergonomie cognitive et psycholinguistique) de la polysemie lexicale. La modelisation de la polysemie porte essentiellement sur la categorie verbale. La recherche se decompose en quatre contributions majeures qui ont chacune pour cadre theorique et methodologique une discipline rattachee aux sciences cognitives: a) une etude lexicologique sur un dictionnaire terminologique pour reperer les regularites dans les constructions des sens multiples associes aux verbes. Nous proposons un modele linguistique de la polysemie des verbes qui s'appuie sur les principales theories semantiques concernant ce fait de langue. Cette investigation fait apparaitre que la definition du sens habituel d'un verbe est la structure privilegiee a partir de laquelle se construisent les differents sens de celui-ci. B) a partir des donnees linguistiques nous proposons une modelisation informatique des connaissances semantiques et des mecanismes d'interpretation mis a jour. Nous utiliserons un formalisme de l'intelligence artificielle (les graphes conceptuels) pour la mise en uvre des representations et des traitements semantiques. C) une etude en contexte reel de communication sous forme de recueil de dialogues en situation de travail et l'analyse du vocabulaire utilise. Cette recherche releve de l'ergonomie cognitive et vise a comparer les constructions polysemiques existant dans la langue generale a celles pouvant apparaitre dans les langages specialises (propres a un domaine de connaissances). D) des experimentations psycholinguistiques dont le but est de determiner quand et comment les differents sens d'un verbe polysemique sont compris par un auditeur lorsqu'ils sont presentes dans des enonces phrastiques. Au travers de cette etude, nous verifions si nos observations linguistiques (representations semantiques et procedes d'interpretation impliques dans la polysemie) ont une realite psychologique.

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Bons, Iris. "Polysemie und Distribution zur Theorie und Methode einer korpusbasierten Semantik deutscher Adjektive." Giessen Giessener Elektronische Bibliothek, 2009. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2009/7356/index.html.

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Bouillon, Pierrette. "Polymorphie et semantique lexicale : le cas des adjectifs." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070054.

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Cette these propose un traitement de la polymorphie adjectivale dans le cadre de la theorie semi-polymorphique du lexique generatif (pustejovsky, 1995). Par les biais des adjectifs d'emotion, orientes-agent et l'adjectif "vieux", elle montre que, d'une part, la polymorphie n'est pas infinie et que, d'autre part, elle peut etre predite si l'on dispose des outils adequats : des riches representations typees et des mecanismes de composition. Pour chaque classe d'adjectifs, elle decrit le comportement polymorphique en details, elle soutient que celles-ci presentent des alternances regulieres, qui les distinguent d'autres classes, que ces alternances decoulent de certaines proprietes qui peuvent etre encodees dans la representation lexicale (ici, les structures des qualia) et enfin que ces representations, en retour, expliquent leur comportement
The aim of this thesis is to present a treatment of adjectival polymorphism in the semi-polymorphic framework of generative lexicon (pustejovsky, 1995). Taking as an example mental state and agent-oriented adjectives, and the case of "vieux", the work shows that polymorphism is not infinite. In particular, it can be predicted given adequate tools, namely rich typed representations and mechanisms to compose them. For each classe of adjective, this thesis describes their polymorphic behaviour in details. It is demonstrated that classes present regular alternances, which distinguish them from other adjectival classes, that these alternances can be predicted from their semantic representation (the qualia structure) and that the representations explain their grammatical behaviour

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NGORAN, LEA. "La polysemie des adjectifs non derives en francais : vers une resolution des ambivalences." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040295.

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Le but de cette these est de determiner, dans le contexte linguistique des adjectifs non derives, les indices susceptibl es qui permettent de selectionner le sens vise par le locuteur. Elle comprend donc une presentation des adjectifs non derives dans l'optique de la reconnaissance de toutes les structures pouvant intervenir dans la levee des ambivalences. Puis, elle aborde le probleme de la polysemie a travers l'analyse des facteurs de changement semantique, en general, et de ceux des adjectifs non derives en particulier. Le troisieme et le quatrieme chapitre sont axes sur son fonctionnem ent : le premier est une analyse critique des criteres de polysemie et le second, un essai sur la hierarchisation des sememes. Enfin, les deux derniers chapitres sont consacres a la resolution des ambivalences
This thesis aims at determining winthin the linguistic context of non derivative adjectives, signs which help to identif y the though of the speaker. It's composed of an introduction of non-derivative adjectives within the framework of recognising all the structures which are likely to be employed to elucidate the ambivalences. Furthermore, it deals with the problem of polysemy through the analysis of the factors of semantic changes in general and of non-derived in partic ular. The third and fourth chapters deal with its fonction : the first chapter is a critical analysis of the polysemy criteria while the second chapter using the latter criteria attemps to classify the various meanings of the same nonderivative adjective. Finally, the last two chapters are devoted to the resolution of the ambivalences

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Bons, Iris [Verfasser]. "Polysemie und Distribution : zur Theorie und Methode einer korpusbasierten Semantik deutscher Adjektive / Iris Bons." Gießen : Gießener Elektronische Bibliothek, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000416399/34.

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Pizzolante, Laura [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Stein. "Polysemie kausativer Verben : Entwicklung automatischer Extraktionsmethoden zur Klassifizierung des französischen Verbwortschatzes / Laura Pizzolante ; Betreuer: Achim Stein." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129174719/34.

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Ivanova, Tarasova Elena. "Approche cognitive et formelle de la polysémie verbale : les verbes de transfert en français et en russe (comparaison et différences)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040034.

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Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la représentation de la sémantique des verbes polysémiques. L’analyse linguistique est menée dans le cadre théorique de la Grammaire Applicative et Cognitive proposée par J. -P. Desclés. Nous analysons quatre verbes français appartenant au champ sémantique de transfert, à savoir donner, offrir, recevoir, et prendre. À partir d’un échantillon d’exemples extraits de différents dictionnaires et de corpus électroniques, nous analysons les significations des verbes en question et représentons ceux-ci sous forme de réseaux de significations construits à partir d’invariants sémantico-cognitifs. En adoptant la position anti-anti-relativiste concernant la traduction, selon laquelle chaque langue construit ses propres représentations en faisant appel à un ensemble commun de primitives sémantico-cognitives structurantes, nous proposons des mécanismes de transfert qui permettent de passer des représentations sources des quatre verbes français à des représentations cibles équivalentes en russe appartenant à des réseaux de significations distincts. Nous présentons également des analyses sémantico-cognitives des verbes russes davat’, predlagat’, polučat’, prinimat’, et brat’ et leurs paradigmes préverbaux, ce qui nous permet de montrer l’absence de correspondance biunivoque entre modes d’organisation du lexique verbal en français et en russe, puisqu’à un réseau de significations français correspond, entre autres, une partie du paradigme préverbal d’un verbe russe
In this thesis, we deal with a semantic representation of polysemious verbs. The theoretical framework of our linguistic analyses is the J. -P. Desclés’ Applicative and Cognitive Grammar. We perform the analyses of meanings for some French verbs from the semantic field of transfer of possession namely donner, offrir, recevoir, and prendre, relying on examples extracted from dictionaries and computer corpora. The verbs in question are represented in the form of networks of meanings with an semantic cognitive invariant as root. We present next the analyses of the verbs davat’, predlagat’, polučat’, prinimat’, and brat’ which are equivalents to French ones in Russian. Our approach to translation is based on the anti-anti-relativity according to which each language has its own representations built by means of a set of semantic cognitive primitives. The tools to get target representations in Russian for source ones in French, in other words transfer mechanisms, are given at the end of the thesis. The carried out analyses both in French and in Russian prove a lack of one-to-one correspondence between verbs lexicon organisations in these languages

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ENGELHARDT, DUPUY HILTRAUD. "La saisie de l'audible. Etude lexematique de l'allemand." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR20066.

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Contribution a la semantique lexicale, cette etude se fixe un but empirique, la determination du contenu des lexemes primaires dont le trait distinctif se refere a l'audibilite, un but methodologique, la validite de la lexematique pour l'analyse componentielle, et un but theorique, la mise en evidence des interactions reciproques entre realite intra- et extralinguistique. Sur les 329 lexemes reper- tories, 167 ont fait l'objet d'une analyse systematique ; il s'agit des verbes contenant le seme "horbar" s'appliquant aux etres humains et aux animaux. Le resultat de cette analyse est resume dans le lexique qui, repondant aux exigences d'une description economique, met en relief les divergences entre lexemes, sans negliger leurs convergences, qu'il sous-entend. Pour garantir son intersubjecti- vite, quatre sources d'information ont ete utilisees : des dictionnaires monolin- gues, des travaux traitant des lexemes appartenant au champ de l'audible, des questionnaires adresses a des temoins et un corpus de textes, comportant pres de cinq mille occurrences extraites de quatre mille pages de textes litteraires, techniques et journalistiques. Il fournit, outre les renseignements explicites sur le lexeme, son cadre distributionnel exploitable immediatement pour le test des enclosures et l'inventaire de ses acceptions et, mediatement, pour la consti- tution de paradigmes et le depistage de ses traits distinctifs par l'epreuve de commutation. Parmi tous les procedes heuristiques employes, les epreuves de commutation et d'enclosures se sont revelees les plus efficaces pour departager, sur l'axe paradigmatique, les traits distinctifs des traits encyclopediques, et, sur l'axe syntagmatique, les collocations fonctionnelles des emplois metonymiques et metaphoriques. Elles permettent de cerner la signification du lexeme, l'inva- riant valable pour tous ses emplois - objectif d'une lexicologie du systeme -, de determiner les conditions d'emploi pour ses variantes (polysemie) - objectif d'une lexicologie de la norme - et de preciser sa zone d'indetermination (polyva- lence), determinable par le contexte - objectif d'une lexicologie du discours. L'analyse debouche sur l'organisation lexematique des ensembles etudies, en degage les criteres structurants et differenciateurs et la representation langa- giere d'une realite extralinguistique floue a travers sa denomination
As a contribution to lexical semantics, this study aims three purposes : empirically, the determination of contents of primary lexemes the distinctive feature of which refers to audibility, methodologically, the validity of lexematics for componential analysis, and, theoretically, the discovery of reciprocal interactions between intraand extralinguistic realities. Among the 329 inventoriated lexical items, 167 have been systematically analyzed, viz. The verbs containing the seme "horbar" releving to human beings and to animals. The results of this analysis is summed up in a lexicon, which according to the demands of an economical description, points out the divergences between lexemes, without disregarding their convergences which are understood. In order to guarantee its intersubjectivity, four informations have been used : monolingual dictionaries, studies dealing with lexemes belonging to the field of audible, questionnaires addressed to native speakers and a corpus of literary, technical and journalistical texts, involving about 5000 occurrences picked up from 4000 pages. It offers, beside explicit informations about each lexeme, its distributional frame which is immediately operating for the test of hegdes and for the inventory of acceptions, and mediately, for the working out of paradigms and detection of distinctive features throughout the test of commutation. Among the heuristic processes which have been used, the tests of commutation and of hegdes appeared as the most efficient for separating, on the paradigmatical axis, distinctive features from encyclopedic features, and, on the syntagmatic axis, functional collocations from metonymic and metaphoric uses. They allow to surround the signification of lexemes, the valuable invariant of each use - aim for a lexicology of the system -, to determinate the conditions of use of its variants (polysemy) - aim for a lexicology of the norm- and to precise its indeterminated area (polyvalency), determinable by the context - aim for a lexicology of the speech. The analysis runs into the lexematic organisa- tion of the considerated sets, their structuring and differenciating criteria, and the representation in language of a vague extralinguistic reality, throughout its denomination

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Volsik, Paul. "Dylan thomas et l'ambiguite : ambiguite linguistique et strategies esthetiques." Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030123.

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Cette these, partant d'une reflexion linguistique sur l'ambiguite dans les langues naturelles tente, a l'aide des travaux de p. Le goffic, d'articuler le champ ouvert par cette notion en distinguant trois poles : l'ambiguite comme equivoque, comme indetermination et comme polysemie. Une analyse de l'histoire de la critique litteraire demontre que chaque "ecole" a priviligie un de ces poles, soit en considerant le texte a sens multiples comme possedant un nombre calculable de "sens" (ex. Empson) soit en le considerant comme relevant de l'incalculable (le deconstructivisme). A partir de cette reflexion theorique la these s'efforce de demontrer les possibilites esthetiques ouvertes par l'existence de ces types d' ambiguite et leur expression dans une oeuvre particuliere : la poesie de dylan thomas. Ce travail permet d'eclairer deux phenomenes de l'histoire litteraire de l'entre-deux-guerres: l'influence simultanee (et apparemment contradictoire) de la poesie metaphysique et d'un courant neo-romantique. Ainsi l'ambiguite comme equivoque qui s'est manifestee de facon particulierement eclatante a la fin du seizieme siecle et au debut du dix-septieme se retrouve dans l'oeuvre de dylan thomas. L'esthetique de l'equivoque est, dans cette these, analysee comme une esthetique de la simultaneite qui se manifeste a travers des structures intellectuell -es comme l'analogie, des phenomenes syntaxiques, ou encore des tropes comme la "pointe", l'anagramme, le calembour, le paradoxe, etc. . L'ambiguite comme polysemie (propre, sans doute, a toute oeuvre poetique) se manifeste de facon particuliere a l'epoque romantique, est meme theorisee par la linguistique contemporaine. Elle est marquee par des phenomenes tels le refus du discret, la valorisation du continu, ou de la derive etc. , aussi bien dans ses metaphores (de type organiciste) que dans l'utilisation de la connotation ou de la "passivite active" et dans la presence massive de certaines formes syntaxiques. Le dernier chapitre tente de montrer comment la thematique de dylan thomas - notamment a travers la notion de "processus" - et dans la mesure ou le poete choisit d'exploiter les virtualites de la polysemie inherente a une langue particuliere - permet au temps, a la gestation et a la generation de se manifester a la fois dans le "contenu" et dans la matiere meme des poemes
This thesis starts with a linguistic analysis (based on the work of p. Le goffic) of the functioning of ambiguity in natural languages. It distinguishes three major poles that seem to structure the notion of ambiguity : the equivocal, the indeterminate, and the polysemic. An analysis of the history of literary criticism over the past fifty years shows that critics tend to insist on only one of these poles - ex : empson on the equivocal as a calculatable multiplicity or the deconstructivists on the polysemic as an uncontrollable dissemination. The thesis then attemps to articulate the linguistic with the aesthetic dimension of ambiguity through the study of a particular work : the poetry of dylan thomas. It thus also throws light on the paradoxical co-existence in modernism of an influence of the metaphysicals with a rebirth of a neo-romantic current. The aesthetics of the equivocal is seen as an aesthetics of simultaneity that manifests itself. In intellectual structures like analogy, in syntactic structures like those analysed by chom sky and in tropes like the conceit, the pun, paradox etc. . Ambiguity as polysemia is particularly associated with and was theorised by romanticism. Unlike that of the metaphysicals, romantic poetry (and certain aspects of dylan thomas') tends to refuse the discrete and to place great value on notions like "drift" (cf. Symbolic situations like the voyage or the "involute") or growth (cf. Organicist metaphors). It also uses intensively certain syntactic structures like negation that enable one to escape from either or situations. The last chapter of the thesis attempts to show tha dylan thomas' thematic- particularly the contellation time "process" gestation generation - expresses itself not only in the manifest content of the poems but also in the proliferation of his medium : language

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Rémi-Giraud, Sylvianne. "Etude semantique du mot air : xvii et xx siecles." Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0006.

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Cette recherche a pour objet d'etudier et de comparer la signification du mot air (apparence, maniere d'etre) aux xviie et xxe siecles, et d'examiner la relation que ce mot entretient, dans chaque epoque concernee, avec vair qu'on respire. Le travail s'articule en deux grandes parties, la premiere etant consacree a air-fluide gazeux et air-apparence, a partir des dictionnaires modernes, et la seconde a air-element et air-maniere d'etre, dans la correspondance de madame de sevigne. La methodologie est a la fois philologique (on part d'exemples, de citations, de textes) et linguistique, avec une exploration systematique du contexte, qui va de l'approche distributionnelle au contexte large, et du contexte linguistique au savoir partage qu'il contient. L'etude menee met en lumiere d'importantes differences dans le fonctionnement du mot air d'une epoque a l'autre. Au xviie siecle, le mot air-maniere d'etre appartient avant tout au domaine social et implique une evaluation normative. Il denote a la fois la maniere d'etre collective et les differents aspects du sujet social (maniere de vivre, maniere d'etre en societe, maniere de parler, maniere de se mouvoir, maniere de se tenir, maniere de se presenter). La notion de groupe, dominante dans la signification de ce mot, favorise la jonction d'air-maniere d'etre avec air-element. On passe aisement, en effet, par transfert metaphorique, de l'air d'un lieu a l'air d'un milieu social. Il n'en est pas de meme au xxe siecle, ou le mot air denote avant tout l'apparence expressive et privilegie l'observation du sujet psychologique. On perd alors, avec la notion de groupe, le maillon de sens indispensable au traitement polysemique, et la disjonction homonymique d'air-fluide gazeux et d'airfluide gazeux et d'air-apparence s'impose. Cette etude ouvre la voie a une reflexion plus vaste sur l'evolution des mentalites du xviie au xxe siecle, en meme temps qu'elle montre l'interet, au plan linguistique, d'une approche dynamique et continue du sens lexical.

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MBASSI, JOSEPH. "L'enonciation en allemand et dans les langues du sud-cameroun (ewondo, eton, bulu) : les actes jussifs." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040206.

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La presente etude se propose dans le cadre de la theorie des actes de langage d'analyser selon une approche contrastive l'enonciation et plus precisement les actes jussifs. Ceux-ci sont etudies sur la base de deux langues essentiellement : l'allemand et l'ewondo, langue du sud-cameroun. L'etude, apres une breve presentation des langages du sud-cameroun et tout particulierement de l'ewondo, commence par l'analyse de la nature des actes de langage et leur classification. Elle se poursuit par un essai de determination de la structure de l'acte jussif, la proposition d'une nouvelle typologie apres une presentation critique des typologies proposees par wunderlich et g. Hindelang. L'analyse du mode d'expression des differents sous-types retenus au niveau de la nouvelle typologie est ensuite menee de facon minutieuse en partant des exemples tires d'un corpus indique en debut d'etude. Cette analyse fait ressortir en conclusion quelques faits linguistiques particuliers qui requierent une strategie spaciale sur le plan pedagogique
The present study sets out within the framework of the theory of speech acts, to make a contrastive analysis of enunciation and more precisely jussive acts. The study is based essentially on two languages : german and ewondo, a language of south-cameroon. After a brief presentation of the languages of south-cameroon and particularly of ewondo, the study begins by analysing the nature of speech acts and classifying them ; it then attempts to determine the structure of a speech act and to propose a new typology after critically presenting the typologies proposed by wunderlich and g. Hindelang. The analysis of the mode of expression of different subtypes retained from the new typology is then minitely conducted on the basis of examples drawn from a corpus indicated at the beginning of the study. This analysis brings out in conclusion some particular linguistic phenomena which require, at the pedagogic level, a special strategy

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Кобякова, Ірина Карпівна, Ирина Карповна Кобякова, Iryna Karpivna Kobiakova, Світлана Володимирівна Баранова, Светлана Владимировна Баранова, Svitlana Volodymyrivna Baranova, and I. Polishchiuk. "Numeral polysemy." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64707.

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The quantitative determination of the world is influenced by the semantics of any language. In the most developed modern languages, including English, the means of expressing ideas of quantity permeate all the levels of language structure, phraseology as well.

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Engdahl, Annika. "Polysemin hos prepositioner : En språkjämförande korpusundersökning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325429.

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Denna masteruppsats handlar om prepositioner och ställer frågan om varför denna ordklass är så svår att lära sig. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för några svenska prepositioners distribution och betydelser, särskilt när de används för att uttrycka abstrakta relationer. Undersökningen utgår alltså ifrån att de abstrakta användningarna av prepositionerna är svårast att använda och förstå, samtidigt som dessa användningar förmodligen är utvecklade metaforiskt ur en mer spatial användning. I undersökningen analyserar jag fem vanliga svenska prepositioner, för, med, till, vid, över och fem vanliga engelska prepositioner, after, at, by, for och with. Genom att söka i parallellkorpusen ESPC har jag kunnat se vilka översättningar som används till de olika prepositionerna. Sedan har de abstrakta användningarna analyserats vidare. Undersökningen visar att det finns en omfattande polysemi kring prepositionsbruket, prepositionerna används i väldigt många betydelser och detta är en av de främsta anledningarna till att ordklassen blir svår att lära sig. Det visar sig även att de abstrakta användningarna med stor sannolikhet utvecklats ur en spatial grundbetydelse. Ofta är detta dock troligen inte till någon större hjälp för en inlärare. Resultatet tyder på att man nog måste acceptera att vissa konstruktioner lärs in utantill. Men det tyder även på att det i någon mån går att precisera vilken preposition som gäller vid vissa semantiska betydelser eller roller, t.ex. att ”förmånstagare” markeras med för – man gör något för någon – och att ”ändamål” markeras med till – man använder något till något. Engelskan har for i båda fallen. Också tvåspråkiga lexikons beskrivningar av prepositioner skulle kanske kunna förbättras.

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Nielsen, Marina. "La polysémie et le mot coup /." Åbo : Åbo akademis förlag : Åbo akademi university press, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40141283s.

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Moline, E. "Constructions subordonnées en "que" diversité ou polysémie /." Lille : A.N.R.T. Université de Lille III, 1994. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31166.

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Grezka, Aude. "La polysémie des verbes de perception visuelle /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414674966.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Sciences du langage--Paris 13, 2006. Titre de soutenance : Les prédicats de perception : traitement de la polysémie : les sens des sens.
Bibliogr. p. 263-280. Index.

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Surcin, Sylvain. "Expression langagière ambigue͏̈ et modélisation cognitive symbolique." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081587.

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Notre but est la mise au point d'un systeme de traitement automatique des ambiguites lexicales engendrees par les formes de polysemie complexes. L'objectif majeur est la robustesse : le systeme doit fournir des interpretations de mots ambigus en contexte ouvert, meme lorsque l'information contextuelle est degradee. A partir des questions <> et <>, nous aboutissons au double choix suivant : nous cherchons a modeliser le traitement des formes complexes de polysemie (les moins etudiees en informatique, ou reputees non calculables) dans le cadre linguistique de la semantique differentielle. Nous nous concentrons plus particulierement sur la polysemie d'usage, qui n'a etequ'effleuree en linguistique et en informatique, pour en proposer une caracterisation systematique. En conclusion, l'indecidabilite de ces ambiguites est necessaire a la coherence semantique des enonces qui les contiennent ; elles ne doivent pas etre resolues. En nous basant sur les systemes informatiques existants, nous proposons un modele de lexique dynamique inspire du modele edgar. Ce modele,peleas, integre l'ambiguite dans ses structures. Pour une occurrence ambigue donnee, il calcule une analyse des contributions d'une base d'usages attestes dans sa signification en contexte. Ce lexique est un hybride entre un systeme symbolique (structures lexicales) et connexioniste (algorithme de calcul). Il est mis en uvre par un jeu de logiciels sous forme de controles activex. Leur realisation applique des techniques de specification formelle, de conception orientee objets avancee et de programmation distribuee. Une phase de test de ces logiciels a permis de valider le modele qui s'avere parfaitement robuste en conservant une pertinence et une efficacite raisonnable. Les resultats montrent qu'il est particulierement adapte a l'interpretation des mots jokers, jeux de mots et doubles sens.

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21

Gokcesu, Bahriye Selin. "Metaphor processing and polysemy." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297104.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 29, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1354. Adviser: Robert Goldstone.

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22

Meriläinen, J. (Johanna). "Taitava kiekon kanssa:kanssa-grammin polysemiaa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201510082037.

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Pro gradu -tutkielmassani tutkin suomen kielen kanssa-grammia ja sen polysemiaa. Selvitän, millaisia merkityksiä kanssa-grammilla ilmaistaan ja millaisissa semanttisissa ryhmissä kanssa-grammi esiintyy. Tutkimukseni on luonteeltaan kvalitatiivinen, sillä tavoitteeni on kuvata kanssa-grammin käyttötapoja ja niiden eroavaisuuksia sekä yhteneväisyyksiä. Tutkimukseni aineistona on yhteensä kolmesataa (300) kanssa-grammin käyttötapausta, joista puolet olen kerännyt CSC:n nykysuomen yleiskielen korpuksen Kalevan osakorpuksesta ja puolet internetin keskustelupalstoilta. Aineistossa on siis tarkasteltu sekä huoliteltua yleiskieltä (lehtitekstit) ja huolittelematonta, puhekielenomaista tekstiä (internetaineisto). Tutkimukseni teoreettinen viitekehys on kognitiivinen semantiikka ja kognitiivinen kielitiede, ja näiden teorioiden periaatteiden mukaisesti selvitän kanssa-tapausten välisiä semanttisia eroja ja yhteneväisyyksiä. Kognitiivisen semantiikan alalta hyödynnän muun muassa prototyyppilähestymistapaa aineistoni luokittelussa. Analysoin tutkimuksessani myös kanssa-tapausten voimadynaamisten piirteiden vaikutusta polysemiaan sekä kontekstin osuutta merkityksen muodostumiseen. Tutkielmani tulokset osoittavat, että kanssa-grammilla ilmaistaan lukuisia asioita, jotka poikkeavat toisistaan sekä semantiikaltaan että syntaksiltaan. kanssa-grammi voi esiintyä sekä adpositiona että partikkelina, ja se voi viitata lauseen persoonamuotoiseen verbiin, infiniittiseen verbilausekkeeseen ja substantiivilausekkeeseen. kanssa-grammi ilmaisee tutkimukseni mukaan usein komitatiivisuutta (komitatiivisuudesta ks. esim. Jaakola 1997), ja tämä komitatiivisuus voi olla joko faktiivista tai fiktiivistä. Havainnollistan tutkimukseni tulokset sekä sanallisesti kuvailemalla että kuvioiden avulla.

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Cusimano, Christophe Perrin Laurent Kara Mohamed. "Polysémie et noms de sentiments essai de sémantique générale /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Cusimano.Christophe.LMZ0706.pdf.

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Alfredsson, Philip, and Wictor Palmgren. "Är det här Amerika? : En kvalitativ studie om musikvideon “This is America” och dess plats i den samhälleliga kontexten." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71021.

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Att musik väcker känslor är nog något som vi alla kan komma överens om. Musiken kan få oss att skratta, gråta, dansa, ja, alla känslouttryck kan skapas genom den. Och kanske är den ultimata låten den som får oss att känna allting på en och samma gång, och får oss att vilja lyssna på den om och om igen. Vissa låtar med tillhörande musikvideos exploderar och får miljoner, för att inte tala om miljarder, klick. Musiken kan ibland bli mer än bara en låt, och folk kan bli sittandes och diskutera dess mening i timtal. Låten This is America, med tillhörande musikvideo, är en sådan. Den här studien redogör för den videons beståndsdelar, hur den anspelar med den nutida politiska kontexten och vad för eko den har skapat till omvärlden. För att ta reda på hur videon blivit så populär författade vi en övergripande frågeställning som löd: “Hur ska vi förstå meningsskapandet i This is America?”. Utifrån vår forskningsöversikt, kunde vi finna att ett popkulturellt fenomens mångtydighet och öppenhet till tolkning, bäddar för dess popularitet. Genom historien finns det även fog för att musik som är sprungen ur utanförskap och som kritiserar samhället, har möjlighet att bli än mer populär. Mot bakgrund av forskningsöversikten bröt vi ner musikvideon This is America i olika delar för att ta reda på dess innebörd och djupliggande meningar, allt för att förstå dess popularitet. Videon, tillsammans med dess låttext, tar upp ämnen såsom vapenfrågan i USA, spåren efter slaveriet och hur mörkhyade personer fortfarande lever i ett förtryck i landet. Videons enorma popularitet beror förmodligen på att de tecken och de ämnen som den tar upp berör väldigt många människor. I princip vem som än tittar på videon kan se något som de känner igen, oavsett om personen är fem år, eller 105. Barnen känner igen danserna från spelet Fortnite, medan de äldre ser figuren Jim Crow som de associerar till segregationen i det tidiga 1900-talets USA. En musikvideo kan säga oss så ohyggligt mycket mer än vad vi, vid första anblick, tror, vilket den här uppsatsen pekar på. Att skänka en extra blick åt den där musikvideon kan ge en inblick i en värld som vi annars inte alltid kan se in i. Den kan öppna dörren och ge en samhällsskildring som få medier skulle kunna presentera.
The fact that music evoke emotions inside us is something that probably all of us are willing to agree on. Music can make us laugh, cry, dance - every possible expression of emotions can be created through it. Perhaps may the ultimate song be the one that make us feel all of these emotions at once, and make us want to listen to it, over and over again. Some songs and music videos blow up and create millions or even billions of views. At times, music can be more than just a song, making people want to sit down and discuss its meaning for hours. The song This is America and its music video is a good example of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore the elements of this particular video, how it alludes with the current political context and the aftermath that have aroused from it. To explore the reason behind the enormous popularity of this video, we composed a comprehensive research question, that goes “How are we to understand the meaning in This is America?”. From the background of our research summary, we were able to find that the ambiguousness and the potential of a wide interpretation of a popular cultural phenomenon, is what lays the ground for its popularity. Through history, it can be said that music, that have been made from alienation, have a possibility of becoming even more popular. With our research summary in hand, we broke down the music video This is America into sections, in order to learn its meaning and signification, and to understand its popularity. The video and its lyrics, brings up subjects such as gun politics in the United States, the remaining traces of slavery, and how people of colour still suffer from oppression. The enormous popularity of the video probably comes from the wide range of subjects and signs that it addresses. Basically anyone who watches it will see something they recognize, regardless of if the person is five or 105 years old. Children recognize the dances from the video game Fortnite, while the elder recognize the character Jim Crow, who they associate with the segregation in the United States in the beginning of the 20th century. A music video can tell us more than we originally think, which is also what this essay points to. If given an additional look, a music video might be able to give an insight to a world that is unknown to us. It may even open the door to provide a portrayal of society that regular media rarely presents.

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25

Hurley, Mary E. "Premium blend : a polysemic approach to contemporary problems in public radio." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/511.

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The thesis is a case study of KUOP, FM, Stockton- Modesto, an affiliate of National Public Radio (NPR) and Public Radio International (PRI). The study employed rhetorical criticism, a member survey, and participant observation. First, a critical review of the audience research literature and the electronic discussions of public radio professionals revealed the discursive struggles concerning mission, service, community, and audience. Second, a survey of KUOP's members was used to compare KUOP with the national "norm," as developed within public radio audience research. Third, these findings were discussed from the perspective gained through participant-observation as a part-time worker at KUOP for more than two years. The study used both national and local research to develop specific strategies for programming, marketing, and positioning KUOP, utilizing a polysemic approach to media performance. Member preferences and positioning themes were derived from the KUOP

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26

Fan, Hong. "The polysemy networks of Heart and Xin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417022.

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Baloyi, Sikheto Samual. "The polysemy of motion verbs in Xitsonga." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53145.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores selected motion verbs in Xitsonga within the framework of lexical sementics postulated by Pustejovsky (1995). This study examines the polysemy of the respective selected motion verbs in sentences with various noun subject types in Xitsonga. The motion verbs examined are: -~ (go), -@_ (come), -famba (go away), -baleka (run away), -kasa (crawl), -khandziya (climb up) and -gonya (ascend). Syntactically, these verbs occur in example sentences as evidenced below: The subject NP is [human] Sipho u ya ekaya hi milenge. Sipho is going home on foot. The subject NP is [inanimate] Tafuia ri tile exikolweni hi movha. The table is delivered at school by car. The subject NP is [weather noun] : Mpfula yi fambile etikweni. The rain has stopped in the country. Nkwangulatilo wu khandziya entshaveni. Rainbow climbs up to the mountain. Moya wo kasa. The wind is blowing slowly. The subject NP is [concrete noun]: Vuswa byi fambile emasin'wini. Food is carried to the field. Mugayo wu gonyile emakete. Maize meal is expensive in the market. The subject NP is [abstract noun] : Rivengo ri fambile eka vanhu. Hatred has ended from people. The subject NP is [natural phenomenon] Dyambu ri balekile emapapeni. The sun is very hot in the sky. The study explores the selected motion verbs and establishes the specific properties of selection restrictions, assignment of arguments as well as the event structure or sentences with the motion verbs. Lastly, the lexical conceptual paradigm is examined in order to determine the different senses or meanings of the motion verbs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek geselekteerde bewegingswerkwoorde in Xitstonga binne die raamwerk van die leksikale semantiek ontwikkel deur Pustejovsky (1995). Die studie ondersoek die polisemie van die onderskeie bewegingswerkwoorde in sinne met verskillende onderwerp tipes in Xitsonga. Die bewegingswerkswoorde wat ondersoek word is: -Y.ê_ (gaan), -ta (kom), -famba (weggaan), -baleka (hardloop), -kasa (kruip), -khandziya (klim) and -gonya (daai) .. Hierdie werkwoorde verskyn sintakties in voorbeelde soos hier onder geillustreer: Die subjek NP is [mens] Sipho u ya ekaya hi milenge. Sipho gaan huis toe per voet. Die subjek NP is [nie-lewend] Tafuia ri tile exikolweni hi movha. Die tafel gaan na die skool per motor, d.i. die tafel word per motor afgelewer by die skool. Die subjek NP is [weer naamwoord]: Mpfula yi fambile etikweni. Die reën het weggegaan (gestop) in die land Nkwangulatilo wu khandziya entshaveni. Die reënboog klim teen die berg op. Moya wo kasa. Die wind kruip, d.i. waai stadig Die subjek NP is [konkrete naamwoord]: Vuswa byi fambile emasin'wini. Kos het gegaan (is geneem) na die land Mugayo wu gonyile emakete. Mieliemeel het gestyg in die mark Die subjek NP is [abstrakte naamwoord]:Rivengo ri fambile eka vanhu. Haat het geëindig by mense Die subjek NP is [natural phenomenon] Dyambu ri balekile emapapeni. Die son het weggehardloop uit die lug, d.i. dit is baie warm. Die studie ondersoek die geselekteerde bewegingswerkwoorde en stel vas wat die spesifieke eienskappe is van seleksiebeperkings, toekenning van argumente en die gebeurtenis struktuur van sinne met die bewegingswerkwoorde. Laastens word die leksikale konseptueie paradigma ondersoek ten einde die verskillende betekenisonderskeidings van die bewegingswerkwoorde vas te stel.

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Nightingale, Stephen. "Polysemy and homonymy in Japanese verbal alternations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22525.

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This thesis investigates the degree to which Japanese verbal alternations can be related synchronically. In particular, it investigates the possibility of providing a polysemous analysis of the verbs which appear in simplex and conjunct forms using the conjunctive te form. The data which are investigated include those verbs which participate as second conjunct in a syntactic construction which has been labelled by Hasegawa (1995) as Nuclear Conjunction. The verbs taking second conjunct position which are analysed include miru (see), morau (receive), ageru (give), iru (animate be) and aru (inanimate be). In the conjunct construction, the first conjunct takes the affix te and no arguments can intervene between the two verbs. Furthermore the Vendler-Dowty (Dowty (1979)) aspectual class of the first conjunct verb is restricted, and there is variation in the number of arguments that can be realised, depending on the properties of the second conjunct. The analysis is developed using Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) (Pollard and Sag (1994) and Pustejovsky's (1995) Generative Lexicon theory. Polysemous analysis of the simplex and te form alternations of miru, morau and ageru are provided, based on underspecification in the syntactic comps and semantic content type hierarchies. Since current HPSG makes no provision for aspect, a type of hierarchy is developed using Pustejovsky's Event Structure, under the content field. Variations in argument realization are shown to follow from the different modes of composing the first and second conjuncts. One particular interesting construction in Japanese is what Matsumoto (1990) calls the Intransitivizing Resultative involving V+te aru, which as a conjunction projects the undergoer of the first conjunct to subject, suppressing the actor role. The valence alternation displayed in this construction is explained by the Agentive and Formal projections of Pustejovsky's Qualia Structure. Some degree of polysemy is shown to hold between simplex and conjunct uses of the example verbs, but there are other syntactic phenomena to be explained. The thesis also examines the te conjunctions as control constructions and finds that Pollard and Sag's (1994) claim that the controlling subject is overtly structure-shared with the semantic subject of the embedded predicate, is at best not proven.

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Bousiou, Polianthi. "The nomads of Mykonos : consuming discourses of otherness in a polysemic tourist space." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1538/.

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This thesis is an anthropological study of consumption and self-construction on the Greek tourist island of Mykonos. The ethnographic material is collected from informants/agents of an, initially, heterogeneous cultural background and with a highly individualistic discourse, who, paradoxically, form a group. The identity of this new Mykonian group of exogenous 'locals' is self-created and draws on several 'local' myths. Therefore, the ethnography concentrates on the discursive making of these myths. The characteristic all these myths share is that they revolve around a common theme: symbolic 'otherness'. This discursive otherness, is initially reflected in the emerging myth of the cosmopolitan place in which it is performed, the place-myth of Mykonos. But symmetrically in our case, the myth of the place, counter-reflects the myth of its subjects. A series of invented 'heroes' gradually prospers in the mythical space of 'otherness': first the reckless, unorthodox locals; then the eccentric 'first visitors' followed by the alternative groups of the seventies, the subcultural groups of the eighties and the tribestyles of the nineties. The myth of this spatial 'otherness', apart from the peculiar groupings which it simultaneously attracts and creates, is also a propagator of self- myths. The thesis explores the construction of selves and communities through their consumption patterns, manipulation of aesthetics, invented rituals and a distinctive set of social practices, but primarily through their discursive otherness. The myth of the idiosyncratic space is echoed in the myth of their unclassified and fetishised selves. Nevertheless, the 'anarchic' property of the space is its only consistent pattern and, in turn, a source of communal identity. The discourse of locality that stems out of these 'mythologies' celebrates a highly subjective pattern of aesthetic 'otherness'. The bonding of all these myths lies precisely in their taste for 'difference'. The fetishisation of the self reflects upon the fetishisation of space; as much as, the fetishisation of space reflects upon the fetishisation of the self.

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Ngozo, Khulu Nicodemus. "The polysemy of selected motion verbs in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53664.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of this study is the polysemy of the motion verbs in Sesotho. Motion verbs can be classified as verbs of process or transition. This study examines the semantic and the syntactic properties of motion verbs in Sesotho. These motion verbs include verbs denoting process e.g. -ya, -tla, -tsamaya, -baleha, -nyoloha and -theoha as shown in the sentences below: a. Monna 0 ya toropong. 'The man goes to town' b. Bashanyana ba tsamaya thoteng. 'The boys walk in the veld' c. Bana ba tla hae. 'The children come home' d. Bashemane ba balehile mophatong. 'The initiates run away from the initiation school' e. Tshwene e theoha sefateng. 'The baboon descends from the tree' f. Banna ba nyoloha thaba. 'Men ascend the mountain' The study demonstrates that motion verbs in Sesotho are semantically divided into verbs denoting 'to go' e.g. -ya, verbs denoting 'to walk', e.g. -tsamaya, verbs denoting 'to run away', e.g. -baleha, verbs denoting to ascend, e.g. -nyoloha, verbs denoting to descend, e.g. -theoha. The study further demonstrates that these verbs are canonically intransitive. The study provides evidence that motion verbs are characterized by specific selection restrictions and event structures. The study further demonstrates that motion verbs are used with different subjects denoting (groups of) people, animals, abstract nouns, mass nouns, nouns denoting food, intoxicating and nonintoxicating liquids, natural phenomena, artifacts, natural object, possession/property, humans and animals. Lastly the lexical conceptual paradigm, providing the different word senses of each verb, is examined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van hierdie studie is die polisemie van bewegingswerkwoorde m Sesotho. Bewegingswerkwoorde kan gekarakteriseer word as werkwoorde van proses (aktiwiteit) of transisie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die semantiese en sintaktiese eienskappe van bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho. Hierdie werkwoorde sluit in werkwoorde wat 'n proses (aktiwiteit) aandui, byvoorbeeld -~, -tla, -tsamaya, -baleha, -nyoloha en -theoha, soos geïllustreer in die volgende sinne: a. Monna 0 ya toropong. 'Die man gaan dorp toe' b. Bashanyana ba tsamaya thoteng. 'Die seuns loop in die veld' c. Bana ba tla hae. 'Die kinders gaan huis toe' d. Bashemane ba balehile mophatong. 'Die inisiante hardloop weg van die inisiasieskool' e. Tshwene e theoha sefateng. 'Die bobbejaan daal afuit die boom' f. Banna ba nyoloha thaba. 'Die mans bestyg die berg' Die studie demonstreer dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho semanties geklassifiseer kan word in werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te gaan', bv. -~, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te loop', bv. -tsamaya, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om (weg) te hardloop', bv. -baleha, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te bestyg', bv. -nyoloha, en werkwoorde wat beteken 'om afte daal', bv. -theoha. Die studie demonstreer verder dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho tiperend onoorganklik is. Daar word aangetoon dat hierdie werkwoorde gekenmerk word deur spesifieke seleksiebeperkings en gebeure-strukture ('event structures'). Die studie toon op uitgebreide wyse aan dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho met onderwerpe gebruik kan word wat verskillende semantiese tipes verteenwoordig, en wat verskillende kenmerke het, insluitende onderwerpe wat menslike individue, groepe mense of diere aandui, abstrakte naamwoorde, massanaamwoorde, voedsel, vloeistowwe, natuurlike verskynsels, artifakte, natuurlike voorwerpe, of be sittings.

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Mabugu, Patricia Ruramisai. "Polysemy and the applicative verb construction in Chishona." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23101.

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Within the Bantu language Chishona, spoken in Zimbabwe, there exist a number of other productive patterns with the applicative morpheme where the applicative object is interpreted as a maleficiary, motive, goal, locative and source, and where there may or may not be a change in the valence of the verb stem. Moreover, there are instances in which the applicative is associated with a completely idiosyncratic semantic contrast. Though these lexical pairs seem to be differentiated by the presence of the applicative suffix, they cannot plausibly be so analysed at least synchronically, since the semantics of the applicative verb differs considerably from that of its apparent morphological base. The fact that the applicative construction is associated with a wide variety of interpretations poses serious problems for unitary analyses of the construction by Bantu theorists and hence we find that no attempt has been made to account for the applicative in a unitary manner. Given this difficulty, analyses have generally postulated homonymous applicative forms, a position that leads to a large amount of grammatical redundancy and miss significant generalisations. Yet the very existence of these different interpretations motivate a unitary analysis. In order to avoid grammatical redundancy and capture the morpho syntactic similarities between the different types of applicative, this thesis proposes that the different patterns and interpretations of the applicative construction are not distinct but result from polysemous extensions of a basic construction. I argue in this thesis that all the different interpretations associated with the applicative suffix are derived from a single semantic basic meaning: an underspecified (polysemous) generalised goal relation. The analysis is couched within the theory of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) (Sag and Wasow 1999, Pollard and Sag 1987, 1994) and utilises the theory of Type-based Derivational Morphology (TBDM) (Riehemann 1993, 1998). Using this theory it is shown that there is a very general set of properties associated with all applicatives and that particular instantiations can be derived from these within the lexicon. The elegance of HPSG is that it provides an analysis that centres for all the different instantiations of the applicative that are found in Chishona without positing any exceptional rules. The thesis thus draws attention to the existence of other types of applicatives in Chishona and provides a unitary account of them that is not obviously possible within other frameworks.

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Mines, Heather. "The relationship between children's cultural literacies and their readings of literary texts." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341283.

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Söderbäck, Hanna. "Häst, bröd eller insekt? : En semantisk analys av ordet kuse samt en diskussion om begreppen homonymi och polysemi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297446.

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I denna undersökning studeras begreppen homonymi och polysemi, hur dessa definieras och var gränsen går mellan dem. Till grund för detta ligger en fallstudie av ordet kuse, där ordet undersöks dels i ordböcker, och dels i några av Språkbankens korpusar. Undersökningen söker svar på frågorna: Hur kan homonymi och polysemi definieras? Vilka betydelser har ordet kuse historiskt sett och i modern svenska? Är kuses betydelser homonyma eller polysema? Skillnaden mellan homonymi och polysemi kan definieras på olika sätt, men de flesta forskare är överens om att polysemi innebär att ett ords betydelser kan anses vara relaterade till varandra. Problemet är dock hur man avgör om betydelser är relaterade. Två viktiga kriterier som framkommer för att avgöra detta är det formella kriteriet, samt talares inställning och uppfattning. Undersökningen kommer fram till att kuse har och har haft många olika betydelser, varav åtta kan anses vara mer centrala och frekventa än de andra. Av dessa åtta bedöms fyra vara utdöda och fyra används i modern svenska. Huruvida betydelserna är homonyma eller polysema beror på om man utgår från det formella kriteriet eller kriteriet som fokuserar på talarnas inställning. Utifrån dessa perspektiv kan kuses betydelser antingen vara polysema, eller både homonyma, polysema och vaga.

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Fera, Ardian. "Contrasting the Polysemy of Prepositions in English and Albanian." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668783.

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The process of learning a foreign language can be exhausting for almost all language learners. In this study, it is aimed at providing students an accessible way to reducing commitment of errors while speaking or learning English as a second language (L2) in the most relevant and practical way, too. The Second Language Acquisition is defined as a subject which is concerned with how a language is learned and has the learner in its focus including the learner’s developing language. The main issues presented throughout the chapters were concentrated on language transfer, semantics and ambiguity. Prepositions were the most concerning analytical headline of all chapters because they are the most vulnerable part of speech students or learners of English (L2) face difficulty with. Many linguists or scholars have been working on the above scopes in order to clarify and recommend learners of English that committing errors depends on the amount of language scientific information they might have.
La adquisición de un idioma, especialmente el inglés, ha sido una pasión no solo para los estudiantes de diferentes instituciones educativas en Albania sino también para otras personas de diferentes capas sociales. Por supuesto, su adquisición no es fácil debido a los cambios estructurales léxicos y morfológicos y sintácticos que, generalmente, tienen las lenguas. Dadas las dificultades que enfrentan los estudiantes albaneses o incluso otras personas comunes en la sociedad, centré mi tesis doctoral en algunas áreas específicas de la lingüística, lo que sin duda mejorará el nivel de su adquisición, reduciendo, donde sea posible, la cantidad de errores causados por la falta de información lingüística que pueda existir en ambos idiomas Me he centrado en las áreas de interferencia (transferencia de la lengua), semántica, ambigüedad, así como en oraciones con -ing como complementos preposicionales. Cabe señalar que el estudio de la preposición es el foco principal de la tesis doctoral, ya que esta clase lingüística presenta mayores dificultades en los campos antes mencionados, debido a su frecuencia en la oración.

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Koskela, Anu Maarit. "Vertical polysemy : a study in the dynamicity of meaning." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442435.

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Thalji, Abdullah Abdel-Majeed. "Systematic polysemy in Arabic : a generative lexicon-based account." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22121/.

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This thesis is the first of its kind to study the (linguistic) phenomenon of systematic polysemy and examine its pervasiveness in Arabic (both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Jordanian Arabic (JA)). Systematic polysemy in this study is defined as the case where a lexeme has more than one distinct sense and the relationship between the senses is predictable by rules in language. In the narrow sense, however, this phenomenon refers only to the productive type of regular polysemy, which is defined vis-à-vis Apresjan’s (1974) notion of totality of scope (e.g. the content/container type). The integral function of this research is to (i) identify the major (as well as the minor) patterns of regular polysemy in Arabic in the major lexical categories of nouns, verbs, and adjectives; (ii) determine the extent to which these patterns converge with or diverge from the already explored patterns, mainly in English; and (iii) test the applicability of Pustejovsky’s (1995) Generative Lexicon (the GL) in accounting for the various Arabic data on polysemy. The study found that nearly every regular polysemous pattern observed in English was also present in Arabic, albeit with a few attested differences. For example, the regular pattern of the mass-to-count alternation (e.g. coffee—a coffee) is very rarely encountered in Arabic. In addition, the animal/meat alternation in English behaves rather differently in Arabic in the way the language elicits a non-countable (mass) meaning from a countable counterpart. With respect to lexicography, this study adds to the already studied patterns in Atkins and Rundell (2008). The dissertation also raises additional questions for the GL framework with respect to property nominalizations, nominalized adjectives, and generic collective nouns.

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MELLONI, Chiara. "Polysemy in word formation: the case of deverbal nominals." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/337830.

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In questa tesi si analizza il significato lessicale delle nominalizzazioni deverbali tradizionalmente definite come nomi d'azione, vale a dire, quei nominali deverbali che conservano pressoché inalterato il significato della base verbale e che sono morfologicamente derivati per mezzo di suffissi che fungono da operatori della nominalizzazione (detti anche trasposizionali). E' tuttavia risaputo che questi nominali presentano fenomeni di ambiguità semantica: tra le diverse interpretazioni che essi possono esprimere, la distinzione fra lettura Evento (d'ora in avanti E) e lettura Risultato (R) è stata esplorata con particolare attenzione nella letteratura su questo tema, poiché essa rivela interessanti corollari morfo-sintattici. I nominali E conservano, infatti, non solo il significato del verbo, ma anche alcune proprietà verbali (in particolare, una struttura di argomenti sintattici) e rappresentano pertanto un caso di categoria mista Nome-Verbo, laddove i nominali R si comportano invece come nomi assoluti, non argomentali. Pertanto, insieme al significato eventivo o trasposizionale, si esplora il significato, o più precisamente, l'insieme delle interpretazioni espresse dai nominali R. Quest'ultima classe, in particolare, rappresenta l'oggetto privilegiato di indagine di questa dissertazione; poiché le interpretazioni dei nominali R sono state ampiamente trascurate nella letteratura sulla nominalizzazione, si sottolinea come tale designazione abbia acquisito un valore sintattico, anziché semantico, e si dimostra che in questa classe vengono raggruppati elementi anche lontani dal punto di vista del contenuto semantico lessicale. La dicitura di nominale "Risultato", difatti, è stata indistintamente utilizzata per designare quei nominali che non mostrano una struttura argomentale e le altre proprietà caratterizzanti dei nominali E (si veda Grimshaw, 1990). Pertanto si propone di sostituire la designazione "Risultato" con quella di "Referenziale"; tuttavia, all'interno di questa classe eterogenea, si individua un nucleo di tratti semantici caratterizzanti e comuni ad un gruppo di nominali R, sui quali in particolare si concentra l'analisi teorica e la relativa modelizzazione formale. La ricerca affronta il problema dell'ambiguità interpretativa delle parole complesse in una prospettiva di analisi morfologica. Per spiegare l'ambiguità interpretativa E / R si ricorre ad una analisi semantica di tipo composizionale; vale a dire, si tenta di identificare il significato dei singoli elementi che compongono il derivato, la base verbale e l'affisso, e di derivare il significato del lessema complesso attraverso una composizione degli stessi. Più precisamente, si propone una duplice rappresentazione della semantica lessicale degli affissi che sono le teste di queste forme morfologicamente complesse. Pertanto l'ambiguità lessicale « E / R » viene spiegata ad un livello di rappresentazione lessicale, mentre la disambiguazione del senso avviene chiaramente ad un livello più alto di composizione sintattico-semantica...
In this research, I survey a significant pattern of deverbal word-formation in Italian, and integrate the data analysis into a recently developed theoretical model of derivational semantics. In particular, the main goal of this study is to analyze the range of semantic interpretations and the corresponding morpho-syntactic behavior displayed by the class of deverbal nouns usually acknowledged as "action nominals". While Chapter 2 contains an overview of the relevant literature on the subject in the generative tradition, the body of the dissertation is composed of Chapters 3 to 5, where I work out a theoretical proposal aimed at accounting for the lexical meaning of a range of deverbal nominals in a framework of decompositional lexical semantics. Specifically, this research, which is placed against the theoretical background of generative morphology, rests on groundwork laid in recent years by Lieber and Baayen (1997; 1999) and Lieber (2003), and in the more elaborated version of Lieber (2004). The present chapter introduces the reader to the phenomenon of nominalization, offers an overview of the subject to be discussed and of the theoretical background, and finally sketches out the thesis outline.

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Freihat, Abed Alhakim. "An Organizational Approach to the Polysemy Problem in WordNet." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369053.

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Polysemy in WordNet corresponds to various kinds of linguistic phenomena that can be grouped into five classes. One of them is homonymy that refers to the cases, where the meanings of a term are unrelated, and three of the classes refer to the polysemy cases, where the meanings of a term are related. These three classes are specialization polysemy, metonymy, and metaphoric polysemy.Another polysemy class is the compound noun polysemy. In this thesis, we focus on compound noun polysemy and specialization polysemy. Compound noun Polysemy corresponds to the cases, where we use the modified noun to refer to a compound noun. Specialization polysemy is a type of related polysemy referring to the polysemy cases, when a term is used to refer to either a more general meaning or a more specific meaning. Compound noun polysemy and specialization polysemy in WordNet are considered the main reasons behind the highpolysemous nature of WordNet that make WordNet redundant and too fine grained for natural language processing. Another problem in WordNet is its polysemy representation. WordNet represents the polysemous terms by capturing the different meanings of them at lexical level but without giving emphasis on the polysemy classes these terms belong to. The highpolysemous nature and the polysemy representation in WordNet affect the usability of it as suitable knowledge representation resource for natural language processing applications. In fact, the polysemy problem in WordNet is a challenging problem for natural language processing applications, especially in the field of information retrieval and semantic search. To solve this problem, many approaches have been suggested. Although all the state of the art approaches are good to solve the polysemy problem partially, they do not give a general solution for it. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to solve the compound noun and specialization polysemy problem in WordNet in the case of nouns. Solving the compound noun polysemy and the specialization polysemy problem is an important step that enhances the usability of WordNet as a knowledge representation resource. The proposed approach is not an alternative to the existing approaches. It is a complementary solution for the state of the art approaches especially the systematic polysemy approaches.

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Freihat, Abed Alhakim. "An Organizational Approach to the Polysemy Problem in WordNet." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1265/1/phd-thesis.pdf.

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Polysemy in WordNet corresponds to various kinds of linguistic phenomena that can be grouped into five classes. One of them is homonymy that refers to the cases, where the meanings of a term are unrelated, and three of the classes refer to the polysemy cases, where the meanings of a term are related. These three classes are specialization polysemy, metonymy, and metaphoric polysemy.Another polysemy class is the compound noun polysemy. In this thesis, we focus on compound noun polysemy and specialization polysemy. Compound noun Polysemy corresponds to the cases, where we use the modified noun to refer to a compound noun. Specialization polysemy is a type of related polysemy referring to the polysemy cases, when a term is used to refer to either a more general meaning or a more specific meaning. Compound noun polysemy and specialization polysemy in WordNet are considered the main reasons behind the highpolysemous nature of WordNet that make WordNet redundant and too fine grained for natural language processing. Another problem in WordNet is its polysemy representation. WordNet represents the polysemous terms by capturing the different meanings of them at lexical level but without giving emphasis on the polysemy classes these terms belong to. The highpolysemous nature and the polysemy representation in WordNet affect the usability of it as suitable knowledge representation resource for natural language processing applications. In fact, the polysemy problem in WordNet is a challenging problem for natural language processing applications, especially in the field of information retrieval and semantic search. To solve this problem, many approaches have been suggested. Although all the state of the art approaches are good to solve the polysemy problem partially, they do not give a general solution for it. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to solve the compound noun and specialization polysemy problem in WordNet in the case of nouns. Solving the compound noun polysemy and the specialization polysemy problem is an important step that enhances the usability of WordNet as a knowledge representation resource. The proposed approach is not an alternative to the existing approaches. It is a complementary solution for the state of the art approaches especially the systematic polysemy approaches.

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Tsikata, Prosper Y. "The Cyber Dimension of Citizen Participation on Ghanaweb: An Analysis of Ghana’s 2008 Presidential Campaign." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1283215511.

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Ащеулова, Т. В. "Полісемія в термінології нафто-добувної галузі англійської мови." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67108.

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Слово, як система знаків та елемент мовлення означає окреме поняття, тому воно може бути однозначним та багатозначним, тому що кількість предметів та явищ, які оточують людину набагато більше, аніж слів, які є виражають ці слова. Терміни не є виключенням, вони, як і слова загальновживаної лексики, можуть мати різні значення, залежно від сфери вжитку, та фахової мови, в якій цей термін вживається.

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42

Öhlund, Elin, and William Nestor. "”Jaha, då föll polletten ner hos mig i alla fall, det är lite stereotyper här också” : En kvalitativ receptionsstudie av Elons reklamfilmer." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42770.

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Studiens syfte är att lyfta fram mottagarnas tolkningar om reklamens budskap inom fältet TV-reklam, och dess inkludering av regionala stereotyper. Genom tillämpning av receptionsstudie, där både en semiotisk analys och respondentintervjuer får rum, bidrar studien till fortsatt diskussion inom mottagarstudier. Materialet för den semiotiska analysen är två reklamfilmer från Elons reklamfilmsserie som publicerades 2012, de titulerades Elon Norrland och Elon Småland. Filmerna används även som material för intervjuerna för att kunna framställa det empiriska materialet från respondenterna. Olika teorier används för att styra uppsatsen i rätt riktning, däribland semiotiken med de relevanta begreppen denotation, konnotation och myt. Här återfinns också begreppet stereotyp som är en bärande del i uppsatsen. Bland teorierna finns även polysemin som också är av vikt för studiens resultat. Tillsammans med Halls koder dominant, förhandlande och oppositionell delas svaren från intervjuerna tematiskt in i kategorier. Den semiotiska analysen resulterade i en upptäckt av sammanlänkande kedjor som tillsammans bidrar till en föreställning om och ett skapande av regionala stereotyperna Norrland och Småland. I receptionsstudiens andra del, respondentintervjuerna, framkom resultatet att flertalet respondenter såg reklamerna som humoristiska och många har även uppfattat de regionala stereotyperna, vilket kan tolkas som den dominanta synen. Vidare framgick det att alla inte väljer att fullt ut acceptera de budskap som visas, utan förhandlar snarare med budskapet och det reklamen vill förmedla. Sedan framkom det även att några respondenter satt sig i opposition till dessa stereotyper och förkastade dem. Vi kan konstatera att det finns en polysemisk bild av publikens tolkning.
The purpose of this study is to highlight the recipients' interpretations of the advertising message in the field of TV advertising, and its inclusion of regional stereotypes. Through the application of a reception study, where both a semiotic analysis and respondent interviews are presented, contributes the study to continued discussion within recipient studies. The material for the semiotic analysis is two commercials from Elon's commercial series published in 2012, named Elon Norrland and Elon Småland. These are used as material for the interviews in order to be able to produce the empirical material from the respondents. Different theories were used to steer the essay in the right direction, including semiotics with the relevant concepts of denotation, connotation and myth. The concept of stereotype is also of great importance to the thesis. Polysemy is also included as a theory and together with Hall's three codes; dominant, negotiating and oppositional, the answers from the interviews are divided thematically into several categories. The semiotic analysis resulted in a discovery of interconnecting chains that together contribute to a notion of and the creation of the regional stereotypes Norrland and Småland. In the second part of the reception study, the respondent interviews, the result showed that most respondents saw the advertisements as humorous and many also recognized the regional stereotypes, this can be interpreted as the dominant view. Furthermore, it appeared that everyone does not choose to fully accept the messages that were displayed, but rather negotiate with the message and what the advertisement wants to convey. And lastly some respondents emerged to oppose to these stereotypes and rejected them. We can state that there is a polysemic picture of the audience's interpretation.

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Almajdoa, Mahdi A. "Processing polysemes and homonyms in context by L2 learners of English." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10137436.

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The current study set out to explore the nature of online lexical access to polysemes and homonyms within L2 learners of English. Two separate experiments were conducted on 30 ESL learners and 30 native speakers of English (as a control group) using the self-paced reading method (SPR) with a view to exploring whether L2 learners of English access the meanings of the lexically-ambiguous words selectively (i.e., only the meaning primed by the preceding contextual information is accessed), exhaustively (i.e., several meanings are accessed concurrently), or in a frequency-ordered way (i.e., the most frequent meaning is accessed prior to the less frequent meanings) during sentence processing. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the lexical ambiguity type on lexical access using three categories of words: 10 polysemes, 10 homonyms, and 10 single-meaning words. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of meaning dominance on lexical processing using 20 polarized ambiguous words with dominant and subordinate meanings to find out whether the frequency of meaning affects the latency of lexical access. The results from the two experiments showed that neither lexical ambiguity type nor meaning dominance significantly affected the processing latencies of the non-native speakers (NNSs) and native speakers (NSs) in context. The results suggest that the nature of lexical access to the meanings of the lexically ambiguous words in L2 learners is selective as long as the word is presented in a sentential context.

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Allan, Rutger Jakob. "The middle voice in ancient Greek a study in polysemy /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/66084.

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Marobela, Refilwe Mmaseroka. "Polysemy of the verbs ya and tla in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1103.

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Thomas, Claire. "Characterizing the polysemy of French and English deverbal nominalization suffixes." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654733.

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Falkum, I. L. "The semantics and pragmatics of polysemy : a relevance-theoretic account." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1139079/.

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This thesis investigates the phenomenon of polysemy: a single lexical form with two or multiple related senses (e.g. catch the rabbit/order the rabbit; lose a wallet/lose a relative; a handsome man/a handsome gift). I develop a pragmatic account of polysemy within the framework of Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory, where new senses for a word are constructed during on-line comprehension by means of a single process of ad hoc concept construction, which adjusts the meanings of individual words in different directions. While polysemy is largely unproblematic from the perspective of communication, it poses a range of theoretical and descriptive problems. This is sometimes termed the polysemy paradox. A widely held view in lexical semantics is that word meanings must consist of complex representations in order to capture the sense relations involved in polysemy. Contrary to this view, I argue that a conceptual atomist approach, which treats word meanings as unstructured atoms and thereby avoids the range of problems associated with decompositional theories of word meaning, may be at least as able to account for polysemy when paired with an adequate pragmatic theory. My proposed solution to the polysemy paradox is to treat polysemy as a fundamentally communicative phenomenon, which arises as a result of encoded lexical concepts being massively underdetermining of speaker-intended concepts, and is grounded in our pragmatic inferential ability. According to this approach, the role of the linguistic system in giving rise to polysemy is to provide a minimal input, or clue, which the pragmatic system uses as evidence to yield hypotheses about occasion-specific, speaker-intended meanings. I further show how this pragmatic approach can account for cases of ‘systematic polysemy’, usually seen as prime candidates for an analysis in terms of lexical rule application. Finally, I develop an account of metonymy within the overall framework of relevance-theory.

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Ibarretxe-Antunano, B. Iraide. "Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22334.

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This thesis is a cognitive semantic account of polysemy in the semantic field of perception verbs in English, Basque and Spanish. It explores why and how our experience and understanding of the five senses constrains and shapes the way in which we create mappings between the physical domain of perception onto more metaphorical and abstract conceptual domains of experience. The different extensions of meaning in these verbs, both synchronically and diachronically, have not taken place as a result of chance, but are grounded in our own conceptualisation of these sense modalities. Secondly, the thesis focuses on how the polysemy in these verbs is obtained, whether it is localised to only these perception verbs or whether it affects the elements that complement these verbs in a sentence. Chapter 1 sets out the nature and scope of the work, explaining the purpose of examining the domain of perception verbs, and outlining the theoretical context and orientation of the study. Chapter 2 presents a synchronic typological study of the different meanings, both physical and metaphorical found in perception verbs in English, Basque and Spanish. Chapter 3 is a brief diachronic-etymological account of these perception verbs in these three languages. Chapter 4 reviews to approaches to meaning extension. Sweetser's (1990) semantic account of perception verbs, and Pustejovsky's (1995) Generative Lexicon. It sets out the advantages and gaps that need to be addressed in both approaches. Chapter 5 describes the physiology of the five senses and the way in which human beings perceive these perceptual processes. It presents a typology of the properties that characterise the source domain of sense perception. Chapter 6 introduces the processes called 'Property Selection', which constrain the mappings between the source and the target domain, both in metaphorical and physical extended meanings. Chapter 7 explores the question of how the polysemous senses of perception verbs are obtained, -whether they are the results of the meaning of the perception verb only, or the result of the interaction between the semantics of that verb and the other elements that co-occur in the same sentence. It also explains the implications for the study of cross-linguistic polysemy. Chapter 8 draws some conclusions on the issues discussed in this thesis and points out further lines for future research.

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Tao, Yuan. "The Neural Representation of Polysemy: The Case of Dot-objects." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1583/2/PhD_thesis_Yuan_Tao_CiMEC2015_NOV.pdf.

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Abstract and concrete concepts are generally considered fundamentally distinct categories. However, many concepts have both concrete and abstract senses, for instance "book" can refer to both a physical object (as in "a torn book") and the abstract content (as in "an interesting book"). How is the meaning of such concepts represented in the brain? In this thesis, we address this question in the light of Pustejovsky’s dot-object hypothesis (Pustejovsky, 1995, 2011). According to the hypothesis, words such as "book" and "lunch" are dot-objects: a class of logically polysemous words which have multiple senses that are closely bound together. As a result of the close binding, both senses can be accessed simultaneously (as in "read the book"), however sometimes only a single aspect is emphasised by the context (e.g. "the book burned", "he summarised the book"). We argue that the complex meanings of the dot-objects are represented and manipulated in semantic hubs in the brain, where all aspects of conceptual knowledge converge and are represented in a modality-independent manner (thus accommodating diverse aspects of knowledge such as that cakes are made of pastry and are related to both birthdays and diabetes). We present three experiments investigating the neural representation of three dot-object categories with clear concrete and abstract senses: print matter such as "book" (OBJECT • INFORMATION), meal concepts such as "lunch" (FOOD • EVENT), and institution such as "church" (BUILDING • ORGANISATION). In all the experiments, participants read the dot-objects in a minimal context which elicited either the concrete or the abstract interpretation (e.g. "open the book" / "consult the book", "cook the lunch" / "organise the lunch"). We found the neural distinction between the concrete and abstract interpretations of the dot-objects differed from the concrete-abstract distinction observed for mono-sense nouns; instead the differential effect was most evident in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL), an area argue to be the semantic hub. The result suggests that 1) the distinct senses of a dot-object are associated with a single, unspecified structure in the mental lexicon, thus aligning with the dot-object theory; 2) when in context, the semantic representation is specified by instantiation to a particular sense. In addition, we also observed variations between the book-like and the lunch-like dot-objects, suggesting a graded representation mechanism within the ATL. Finally the third experiment showed that the MEG gamma-band frequency power could distinguish the neural correlates of the concrete and abstract interpretations; notably the divergence occurred 400ms and later post-stimulus onset. Given the established role in the literature of the gamma-band in integration processes, we conclude that the meaning instantiation only occurred at the later integration stage.

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Mari, Alda. "Principes d'identification et de catégorisation du sens : le cas de "avec" ou l'association par les canaux /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38995356j.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polysemie'

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