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Journal articles on the topic 'Polystyre'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Masruroh, D. J. D. H. Djoko, Lalu A. Didik, Eka Rahmawati, Masdiana Pagaga, Abdurrouf, and S. P. Sakti. "Solvent Effect on Morphology of Polystyrene Coating and their Role to Improvement for Biomolecule Immobilization in Application of QCM Based Biosensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.54.

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This research is focused on the synthesis of a polystiren layer for biosensors based on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance sensor (QCM) to immobilize the biomolecule. The polystyrene thin film was deposited by means of spin coating method with various solvents, such as chloroform, toluene, xylene, and tetrahydrofuran (THF), containing a 3% polystyrene solution by mass. The morphologies of the polystyrene layers were observed via SEM/EDx. The polystyrene surface coated using chloroform as the solvent has a rougher morphology and the largest diameter pores compared with the other solvents. The result show the polystyrene surface coating produced with chloroform caused a higher frequency change, which resulted in the binding of a wider range of biomolecules.

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2

Ford, Warren T., Alanta L. Lary, and Thomas H. Mourey. "Addition of Polystyryl Radicals from TEMPO-Terminated Polystyrene to C60." Macromolecules 34, no. 17 (August 2001): 5819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0020990.

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3

Donchak, Volodymyr, and Khrystyna Harhay. "Synthesis of fluorinated polystyrene." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.011.

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Acylation of polystyrene with trifluoroacetic anhydride in a solution of aprotonic solvents, namely 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene at the presence of Lewis acid as catalyst results in obtaining of fluorinated polystyrene, which posses trifluoroacetic fragments in benzoic rings, preferably in position 4. In order to achieve a total substitution of benzene rings in polystyrene macromolecules, the ratio polystyrene : trifluoroacetic anhydride : AlCl3 must be at least 1:10:2.2 mol correspondingly

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4

Alahmad, Waed. "Sunlight Photodegradable Polystyrene-TiO2/SiO2 Composite." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.02.190.

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5

Lee, Jong-Su, Hyun-Seok Shin, Jin-Woo Seok, Gyu-Wan Jang, and Yeong-Hwan Beag. "Surface Modification of Polystyrene (PS) by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma." Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society 18, no. 1 (January 30, 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5757/jkvs.2009.18.1.001.

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6

Sytnik, O. U. "Polymer composite based on polystyrene containing GdF3 nanoparticles." Functional materials 20, no. 2 (June 25, 2013): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm20.02.243.

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7

Zhmurin, P. N. "Polystyrene-based plastic scintillator for n/γ -discrimination." Functional materials 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm21.03.282.

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8

Weidner, C. H., and T. E. Long. "Synthesis and characterization of 3-aryl-2-(polystyryl)cyclopropenones via cyclopropenium ion substitution on polystyrene." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, no. 1 (January 15, 1995): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330101.

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9

Kim, Doo-Hwan, and Sang-Woog Ryu. "Synthesis and Ionic Conductivity of Polystyrene Derivative Containing Cyclic Carbonate." Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2015.18.1.1.

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10

Kim, Jae Seon, and Chung Kun Song. "Performance Improvement of TIPS-pentacene OTFTs by blending with Polystyrene." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 50, no. 7 (July 25, 2013): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieek.2013.50.7.096.

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11

Bedeković, Gordan, Ivana Grčić, Aleksandra Anić Vučinić, and Vitomir Premur. "RECOVERY OF WASTE EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE IN LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE PRODUCTION." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 34, no. 3 (2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2019.3.8.

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12

Usmanova, Regina, and Gennadiy Zaikov. "Neutralization of Gas Emissions in the Production of Polystyrene Plastics." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 1 (March 2015): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2015.1.5.

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13

Medvedevskikh, Yuriy, and Oksana Khavunko. "Kinetic Parameters of Segmental and Translation Polystyrene Motion in Solutions." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 7, no. 1 (March 10, 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht07.01.037.

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14

Lee, Dong-Eun, Eung-Gun Kim, and Dong-Hyun Lee. "Morphological Transitions of Symmetric Polystyrene-block-Poly(1,4-butadiene) Copolymers in Thin Films upon Solvent-Annealing." Polymer Korea 36, no. 4 (July 25, 2012): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2012.36.4.542.

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15

Lee, Hahn-Bit, Young-Eun Noh, Hee-Jae Yang, and Sea-Cheol Min. "Inhibition of Foodborne Pathogens on Polystyrene, Sausage Casings, and Smoked Salmon Using Nonthermal Plasma Treatments." Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 43, no. 4 (August 31, 2011): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.4.513.

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16

Kim, Yong-Tae, Noh-Seok Kwak, Choul-Ho Lee, Chang-Soo Jin, and Taek-Sung Hwang. "Preparation and Properties of Sufonated High Impact Polystyrene(HIPS) Cation Exchange Membrane Via Sulfonation." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 49, no. 2 (April 30, 2011): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2011.49.2.211.

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17

YANUTINA, S. E. "Use of Foam Polystyrene Waste in the Conditions of a Reinforced Concrete Products Factory." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 10 (2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-49-52.

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The relevance of research in the factory laboratory of JSC «198 KZHI», which is part of the HC GVSU «Center», is dictated by the need to dispose of foam polystyrene waste that occurs in large quantities when producing the precast concrete. In the production of three-layer external wall panels, polystyrene heatinsulating plates of the PPS 17-R-A brand are used as an effective insulation material. The secondary use of PPS 17-R-A for its intended purpose, as a heater, is not possible. The volume of foam polystyrene produced varies from 25 to 45 m3 per month. Utilization (disposal) of foam polystyrene waste is an expensive undertaking. Its use as a filler in the production of expanded polystyrene blocks was tested in the factory’s laboratory to produce foam polystyrene concrete with specified physical and mechanical characteristics. The results of testing of expanded polystyrene concrete of classes B2.5 and B 7.5 are presented. It is shown that under the conditions of the reinforced concrete factory technology, the production of polystyrene concrete blocks is possible with the achievement of the design strength. The information presented in the article is aimed at motivating specialists who produce recast concrete to the possibility of using foam polystyrene waste for low-rise construction. Keywords: foam polystyrene, ecology, energy efficiency, foam polystyrene concrete, foam polystyrene heat insulation plates, precast concrete.

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18

Li, Jiang, Guoqing Wang, Chunhua Ding, Hong Jiang, and Peiqing Wang. "Synthesis and evaluation of polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene–dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate/polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene hybrid antifouling coating." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 434 (November 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.043.

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19

Nishimoto, Noriyuki. "Polystyrene." Kobunshi 37, no. 11 (1988): 812–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.37.812.

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20

Kobayashi, Mikihiko, Mitsuru Egashira, and Takeshi Konno. "Fabrication of Polystyrene Fibers Containing Nanoparticles of TiO₂ and ZnO by Electrospinning." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.663.

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Polystyrene fibers were fabricated by electrospinning. Polystyrene resin was dissolved in chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, or their mixtures. In experiments with 10 wt-% solutions of polystyrene in various solvents, a 1:1 solvent mixture was found to be optimal. In the 1:1 solvent, an increase in polystyrene concentration resulted in a decrease in the number of beads on the electrospun fibers and an increase in their diameter. A 20 wt% solution of polystyrene gave fibers with a diameter of about 1.8 $m with almost no beads. Polystyrene fibers containing nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning 20 wt% polystyrene solutions containing dispersed nanoparticles of TiO2 or ZnO. The concentrations of nanoparticles in the electrospun fibers, determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, were less than expected.

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21

Hempenius, Mark A., Bea M. W. Langeveld-Voss, John A. E. H. van Haare, Rene A. J. Janssen, Sergei S. Sheiko, Joachim P. Spatz, Martin Möller, and E. W. Meijer. "A Polystyrene−Oligothiophene−Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 12 (April 1998): 2798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja972910v.

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22

Tan, N. C. Beck, X. Liu, R. M. Briber, and D. G. Peiffer. "Immiscibility in polystyrene/sulfonated polystyrene blends." Polymer 36, no. 10 (May 1995): 1969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(95)91439-e.

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23

Mergen, Ömer Bahadır, Ertan Arda, and Gülşen Akın Evingür. "Electrical, optical, and mechanical percolations of multi-walled carbon nanotube and carbon mesoporous-doped polystyrene composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319859053.

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In this study, we have investigated and compared electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of polystyrene thin films with added multi-walled carbon nanotube and carbon mesoporous. Surface conductivity ( σ), scattered light intensity ( I sc), and all the mechanical parameters of these composites have increased with increasing the content of carbon filler (multi-walled carbon nanotube or carbon mesoporous) in the polystyrene composites. This behavior in electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the polystyrene/carbon fiber composites has been explained by classical and site percolation theory, respectively. The electrical percolation thresholds ( R σ) were determined to be 8.0 wt% for polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube and 25.0 wt% for polystyrene/carbon mesoporous composites. The optical percolation thresholds were found to be R op = 0.8 wt.% for polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube and R op = 3.0 wt.% for polystyrene/carbon mesoporous composites. For the polystyrene/carbon mesoporous composite system, it was determined that the mechanical percolation threshold occurred at lower R values than the polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite system. The electrical ( β σ), optical ( β op), and mechanical ( β m) critical exponents have been calculated for both of the polystyrene/carbon fiber composites and obtained as compatible with used percolation theory.

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24

Kausar, Ayesha. "Synthesis and properties of novel polystyrene/polyurea and functional graphene-based nanocomposite foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16652104.

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A simple route has been adopted for the fabrication of polyurea using polycondensation of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-phenylene diamine. Amalgamation of polystyrene, polyurea and functional graphene (F–G) yielded a series of nanocomposite foams. The morphological, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of materials were investigated and found to be dependent upon the intrinsic properties of graphene-based materials and their state of dispersion in matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a strong interaction between polystyrene/polyurea and functional graphene surface forming unique layered cellular structure. Mechanical results revealed a synergistic interaction between F–G and polystyrene/polyurea matrix providing a shielding mechanism against graphene layer damage during compression. The 10% thermal decomposition temperature of polystyrene/polyurea/F–G 1–5 foams measured was in the range of 432–470℃. UL 94 showed V-1 rating for polystyrene/polyurea foam, while polystyrene/polyurea/F–G 1–5 foams attained V-0 rating. Water absorption capacity was improved steadily with the time and was maximum after 96 h for polystyrene/polyurea/F–G 5 foam (4.53%). Functional graphene also produced excellent electrical conductivity improvement in polystyrene/polyurea/F–G 5 foam (101) relative to polystyrene/polyurea/F–G 1 foam (10−2) and neat polystyrene/polyurea foam materials (10−7).

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25

Cole, Janet C., and Diane E. Dunn. "Expanded Polystyrene as a Substitute for Perlite in Rooting Substrate." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.1.7.

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Abstract Stem cuttings of rose-of-sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L. ‘Jeanne d'Arc’), barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC. ‘Crimson Pygmy’), juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench. ‘Plumosa Compacta’), and arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis L. ‘Woodwardii’) were rooted in substrates consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% (by vol) perlite or expanded polystyrene beads with peat. Percentage of rose-of-sharon cuttings rooted and root ratings were lower with polystyrene than with perlite. Statistically, more barberry cuttings rooted with polystyrene (78.8%) than with perlite (78.3%), but the difference in rooting between polystyrene and perlite was not horticulturally significant. More juniper and arborvitae cuttings rooted with 50% perlite than with other perlite concentrations. Percentage of rooted juniper cuttings decreased but percentage of rooted arborvitae cuttings increased as polystyrene concentration in the substrate increased. More roots and longer roots formed on juniper cuttings with perlite than with the same concentration of polystyrene in the substrate. In contrast, arborvitae cuttings had more roots with 25% perlite than with 25% polystyrene, but arborvitae cuttings in 50%, 75%, or 100% polystyrene had more roots than cuttings in the same concentration of perlite. Results indicate expanded polystyrene is a reasonable substitute for perlite in rooting substrate for barberry, juniper, and arborvitae if appropriate ratios of polystyrene to peat are used.

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26

Xue, Yijiao, Mingxia Shen, Fengling Lu, Yongqin Han, Shaohua Zeng, Shangneng Chen, Ziyuan Li, and Zhuying Wang. "Effects of heterionic montmorillonites on flame resistances of polystyrene nanocomposites and the flame retardant mechanism." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 10 (September 1, 2017): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317724861.

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To improve the flame resistance of polystyrene, three kinds of organophilic heterionic montmorillonites (Na-montmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, and Fe-montmorillonite) reinforced polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared by melt dispersion method. The structure and composition of the organo montmorillonites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The adhesion between organo montmorillonites and polystyrene was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The flame resistance and thermal stability of the polystyrene/organo montmorillonites were evaluated by cone calorimeter test and thermogravimetric analysis. The interlayer space of organo montmorillonites increased with the increase of the oxidation state of the cations. With the addition of organo montmorillonites, the peak values of all the flame resistance indexes of the polystyrene/organo montmorillonites nanocomposites decreased, among which the PHRR values have decreased the most, compared with those of polystyrene. Their corresponding test times have all been delayed following almost precisely the same trend. Therefore, their flame retardant ability come from their lamellated structures, their charring forming abilities, and the reducing power of Fe3+ in polystyrene/Fe-montmorillonite. Organo montmorillonites mainly act as a kind of intumescent flame retardants. The flame resistance of polystyrene/Na-montmorillonite nanocomposite was the best, and the polystyrene/Ca-montmorillonite came second, which is slightly better than that of polystyrene/Fe-montmorillonite.

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27

Zhai, Bao Gai, and Yuan Ming Huang. "Preparation and Photoluminescent Properties of Polystyrene Encapsulated SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ Nanocrystals." Key Engineering Materials 538 (January 2013): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.538.197.

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Polystyrene encapsulated phosphors SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ were prepared by dispersing the phosphors into the matrix of polystyrene. The phase, morphology and optical properties of the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors were characterized with X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. It has been observed that both the PL spectrum and the luminescent color of the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors can be dramatically modified although the phosphorescence of the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors is not affected. Tunable photoluminescent colors from green to deep-blue are expected for the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors by the control of the weight percentage of the phosphors in the composites.

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28

Momanyi, Job, Michael Herzog, and Peter Muchiri. "Analysis of Thermomechanical Properties of Selected Class of Recycled Thermoplastic Materials Based on Their Applications." Recycling 4, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030033.

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Polypropylene and polystyrene are petroleum-based thermoplastics which are commonly used and disposed of in the environment after their service life, leading to environmental degradation. There is a need to recycle polypropylene and polystyrene, but the effect of recycling on thermo-mechanical properties is not well understood. This study aims to determine thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene and recycled polystyrene and compare them with corresponding virgin polypropylene and newly produced polystyrene (general purpose polystyrene 1540 and high impact polystyrene 7240). The study was carried out by preparing bar-shaped samples of recycled polypropylene, recycled polystyrene, general purpose polystyrene 1540, and high impact polystyrene 7240 by compression molding using a hot press and thermally characterizing them to determine glass transition temperature and melting temperature using differential scanning calorimetry. The changes in Young’s modulus, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness due to recycling activities were determined at room temperature (24 °C), 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. The thermo-mechanical properties of recycled polystyrene (PS) were found to be comparable to those of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) 7240. The study revealed that the hardness and toughness for the recycled polymers were higher than those of corresponding virgin polymers. On the other hand, tensile strength and Young’s modulus for the recycled polymers were lower than those of the virgin polymers. Understanding the thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled polymers will contribute to more industrial applications hence increase the rate of recycling, resulting in a reduction in environmental pollution.

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29

Alekseeva, Olga, Olga Sitnikova, Nadezhdaya Bagrovskaya, and Andrew Noskov. "Effect of Polystyrene/Fullerene Composites on the Lipid Peroxidation in Blood Serum." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.01.091.

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30

Wang, Jia Jia, Hui Huang, Ting Li, and Shi Ying Tao. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Dissolution of Polystyrene in Decahydronaphthalene for the Preparation of Poly(Cyclohexylethylene)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.157.

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Dissolution process of polystyrene in decahydronaphthalene solution was conducted and compared under different conditions. The effects of dissolution time and temperature on the dissolution ratio of polystyrene were performed with the assistance of ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, respectively. The dissolution ratio of polystyrene increased with the increment of dissolution time and dissolution temperature, polystyrene dissolved faster under ultrasonic-assisted process. The polystyrene dissolution kinetic model was developed and used to calculate the dissolution rate constant. The kinetic model showed good agreement with the experimental data, and the dissolution rate constant indicated that ultrasonic can obviously enhance the dissolution process of polystyrene in decahydronaphthalene solution.

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31

Yousif, Emad, Dina Ahmed, Gamal El-Hiti, Mohammad Alotaibi, Hassan Hashim, Ayad Hameed, and Ahmed Ahmed. "Fabrication of Novel Ball-Like Polystyrene Films Containing Schiff Base Microspheres as Photostabilizers." Polymers 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111185.

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Polystyrene films containing a low concentration of three highly aromatic Schiff bases were prepared using the casting method. The polystyrene films were irradiated with ultraviolet light (300 h). The polystyrene infrared spectra, weight loss, molecular weight reduction and the surface morphology were examined upon irradiation. The Schiff bases acted as photostabilizers and reduced the photodegradation of polystyrene films to a significant level in comparison to the blank film. The images recorded of the surface of the miscible polystyrene/Schiff base blends showed novel ball-like microspheres with a diameter of 3.4–4.3 µm. The Schiff bases were able to endow excellent protection to polystyrene against ultraviolet irradiation.

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32

Haryono, Agus, and Sri Budi Harmami. "Sulfonation of Waste High Impact Polystyrene from Food Packaging as a Polymeric Flocculant." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.426.

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Sulfonation of waste high impact polystyrene from commercial food packaging was studied in this work. The obtained sulfonated polystyrene was characterized by using Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy. Effect of the reaction time and temperature on the degree of sulfonation was observed. Waste high impact polystyrene resin from food packaging showed degree of sulfonation at 72.2% level. This degree of sulfonation was lower than the same reaction on pure polystyrene and pure high impact polystyrene, which showed degree of sulfonation at 97.7% and 85.2% level, respectively. Simulation of flocculation test using kaolin suspension was conducted to evaluate the application of sulfonated polystyrene as a polymeric flocculant.

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33

Kim, Dong Hyun, Seung Soo Park, Su Hyun Park, Jong Yeob Jeon, Hyo Bo Kim, and Bun Yeoul Lee. "Preparation of polystyrene–polyolefin multiblock copolymers by sequential coordination and anionic polymerization." RSC Advances 7, no. 10 (2017): 5948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25848d.

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34

Patel, Shalu, Shalu Patel, Savita Dixit, Kavita Gidwani Suneja, and Nilesh Tipan. "Review of Conversion Technologies of Waste Polystyrene into useful Products." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.372.

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Polystyrene usage has risen significantly in recent years as a result of its wide variety of applications. The persistent consumer demand for polystyrene resulted in the accumulation of polystyrene waste in landfills, inducing environmental degradation. Since polystyrene is a petroleum-derived material, the increasing demand for it resulted in the depletion of petroleum, a non-renewable energy source. Research teams from all over the world have invented many methods for dealing with polystyrene waste, including recycling and energy regeneration. However, there are drawbacks to recycling methods, such as the fact that they need a lot of manpower in the separating procedure and pollute the water, reducing the process's sustainability. Because of these flaws, the experimenters have cantered their efforts on the energy harvesting approach. As petroleum is the primary component of polystyrene, the pyrolysis process for recovering fuel oil from polystyrene is an useful technology because the retrieved oil has a higher calorific value than commercially available gasoline. The current paper discusses polystyrene conversion technologies as well as the pyrolysis techniques for polystyrene, which generates end products such as oil, gas, and char. The impact of different processing parameters on the product yield has been addressed using more advanced techniques of conducting pyrolysis with a solvent.

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35

Chen, Yan Fei, Liang Yang, and Shuang Zhuang. "Study on the Combustion Characteristic of Adhesive Polystyrene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.191.

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In this paper, two kinds of adhesive polystyrene with different proportions and one retardant polystyrene board were studied by test of non combustibility, calorific value and single combustion test. By analysis and comparison, on the premise of the roughly same cost and thermal conductivity, adhesive polystyrene materials showed much less fire risk than that of the polystyrene board.

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36

Salunkhe, Tejaswi Tanaji, Dong Jun Lee, Ho Kyung Lee, Hyung Wook Choi, Sang Joon Park, and Il Tae Kim. "Enhancing Temperature Sensitivity of the Fabry–Perot Interferometer Sensor with Optimization of the Coating Thickness of Polystyrene." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030794.

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The exploration of novel polymers for temperature sensing with high sensitivity has attracted tremendous research interest. Hence, we report a polystyrene-coated optical fiber temperature sensor with high sensitivity. To enhance the temperature sensitivity, flat, thin, smooth, and air bubble-free polystyrene was coated on the edge surface of a single-mode optical fiber, where the coating thickness was varied based on the solution concentration. Three thicknesses of the polystyrene layer were obtained as 2.0, 4.1, and 8.0 μm. The temperature sensor with 2.0 μm thick polystyrene exhibited the highest temperature sensitivity of 439.89 pm °C−1 in the temperature range of 25–100 °C. This could be attributed to the very uniform and thin coating of polystyrene, along with the reasonable coefficient of thermal expansion and thermo-optic coefficient of polystyrene. Overall, the experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed polystyrene-coated temperature sensor for accurate temperature measurement.

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37

Zhang, Wangyuan, Michal Slaný, Jie Zhang, Yifan Liu, Yunlei Zang, Yongfei Li, and Gang Chen. "Acetylation Modification of Waste Polystyrene and Its Use as a Crude Oil Flow Improver." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152505.

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Polystyrene is used in a wide range of applications in our lives, from machine housings to plastic cups and miniature electronic devices. When polystyrene is used, a large amount of waste is produced, which can cause pollution to the environment and even harm biological and human health. Due to its low bulk density (especially the foamed type) and low residual value, polystyrene cannot be easily recycled. Often waste polystyrene is difficult to recycle. In this paper, waste polystyrene has been modified by using acetic anhydride which caused a crude oil flow improver. The results showed that modified polystyrene improves the flow properties of the crude oil, reducing the viscosity and the pour point of the crude oil by up to 84.6% and 8.8 °C, respectively. Based on the study of the paraffin crystal morphology, the mechanism of improving the flow capacity of crude oil by modified polystyrene was proposed and analyzed.

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38

Nyquist, R. A., C. L. Putzig, M. A. Leugers, R. D. McLachlan, and B. Thill. "Comparison of the Vibrational Spectra and Assignments for α-Syndiotactic, β-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, and Atactic Polystyrene and Toluene." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 6 (June 1992): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924124321.

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Vibrational assignments for α-syndiotactic polystyrene are made with the use of parallel and perpendicular polarization of uniaxially oriented film, and by comparison of vibrational data and assignments for toluene and atactic and isotactic polystyrene. Vibrational assignments are given for a cast film of β-syndiotactic polystyrene. These assignments are made by comparison with assignments for toluene and isotactic and atactic polystyrene and partial assignments for α- and β-syndiotactic polystyrene. Some of our assignments suggest that the crystal structure of α-SPS may not be isomorphous with C2 r symmetry.

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39

Duggan, Jennie, Aaron J. Elmore, Michael Stonebraker, Magda Balazinska, Bill Howe, Jeremy Kepner, Sam Madden, David Maier, Tim Mattson, and Stan Zdonik. "The BigDAWG Polystore System." ACM SIGMOD Record 44, no. 2 (August 12, 2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2814710.2814713.

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40

Krause, Paweł, and Artur Nowoświat. "Experimental Studies Involving the Impact of Solar Radiation on the Properties of Expanded Graphite Polystyrene." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010075.

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This article presents the research studies aimed at identifying the behavior of expanded polystyrene with the addition of graphite in the conditions of exposure to solar radiation. For this purpose, a series of in situ tests and laboratory studies were carried out. Three types of material were tested, i.e. expanded polystyrene (EPS) (white polystyrene), polystyrene with the addition of graphite (gray polystyrene) and two-layer polystyrene (gray bottom layer and white top layer). Temperature distributions on the surfaces of the panels in field and laboratory conditions were determined. The distributions of temperature were recorded at varied wind impact (field conditions and laboratory conditions) and at varied impact of solar radiation (laboratory conditions). Based on the conducted experiments, differences in temperature distribution on the surfaces of the tested panels were determined. In addition, geometric changes and deformation levels of the tested white and gray expanded polystyrene panels exposed to artificial sun radiation were determined in laboratory conditions.

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41

Jiang, Haibo, and Yan Tian. "Demonstration of Evaporation Inhibition with Floating Polystyrene Board and Its Motion Response." Open Materials Science Journal 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2015): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01509010220.

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Plain reservoirs in arid areas usually have a shallow water depth, a large surface area, and severe evaporative water-loss. To lessen the water loss, a polystyrene board coverage technique was used. This paper represents a demonstrative application study of the polystyrene board coverage technique in the Daquangou Plain Reservoir in the city of Shihezi, Xinjiang. Six different polystyrene board structures were created and tested to measure the wind wave resistance level, damage type, and reason for the damage. To study the motion of the floating polystyrene board in waves, this paper applied the kinematic theory for rigid bodies and utilized the Newton’s Second Law to develop the coupling kinematic equation for the polystyrene board. We also used a modified sectioning method to calculate the added mass of the floating polystyrene board, fluid damping, and static water restoring force. The heave and pitch motion response of the floating polystyrene board was analyzed and determined to be periodic. The connection and fix strategy for the polystyrene board structures could resist the effect of level-6 wind waves, which served the purpose of inhibiting the evaporation in the plain reservoir.

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42

Khosrowshahi, Sedigheh Mirhoseini, Farhang Abbasi, Naser Harasi, and Behnaz Memar Maher. "Relationships between synthesis parameters and properties of water expandable polystyrene." Journal of Cellular Plastics 49, no. 1 (September 24, 2012): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x12449640.

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Because of the negative environmental impact of volatile hydrocarbon-based blowing agents used in expandable polymers, water has been considered a suitable candidate. Water expandable polystyrene is a polystyrene containing water cells, which may be used as blowing agent. Because of different physical properties of water and volatile hydrocarbons, production conditions and physical properties of expandable polystyrene and water expandable polystyrene are completely different. In this work, water expandable polystyrene was prepared via suspension polymerization of the styrene/polystyrene mixture that contained water droplets as blowing agent. An inverse emulsion system was used to incorporate water into the organic phase. An experimental design was created to investigate the effects of variation of pre-polymerization time, surfactant concentration, suspension stabilizer/suspending agent ratio, suspension stabilizer addition time, and the amount of initial emulsified water on the particle size, distribution of water droplets, and the water content of the final beads. The relationships between the synthesis parameters and the properties of water expandable polystyrene were also studied. Regarding to the expansion behavior of water expandable polystyrene beads, the effect of water content and bead size on the expandability and the foam density were investigated.

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43

Yaseen, Anaheed A., Emaad T. B. Al-Tikrity, Emad Yousif, Dina S. Ahmed, Benson M. Kariuki, and Gamal A. El-Hiti. "Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Polystyrene Containing Cephalexin Schiff Bases." Polymers 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172982.

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The scale of production of polystyrene has escalated in the recent past in order to meet growing demand. As a result, a large quantity of polystyrene waste continues to be generated along with associated health and environmental problems. One way to tackle such problems is to lengthen the lifetime of polystyrene, especially for outdoor applications. Our approach is the synthesis and application of new ultraviolet photostabilizers for polystyrene and this research is focused on four cephalexin Schiff bases. The reaction of cephalexin and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-bromobanzaldehyde under acidic condition afforded the corresponding Schiff bases in high yields. The Schiff bases were characterized and their surfaces were examined. The Schiff bases were mixed with polystyrene to form homogenous blends and their effectiveness as photostabilizers was explored using different methods. The methods included monitoring the changes in the infrared spectra, weight loss, depression in molecular weight, and surface morphology on irradiation. In the presence of the Schiff bases, the formation of carbonyl group fragments, weight loss, and decrease in molecular weight of polystyrene were lower when compared with pure polystyrene. In addition, undesirable changes in the surface such as the appearance of dark spots, cracks, and roughness were minimal for irradiated polystyrene containing cephalexin Schiff bases. Mechanisms by which cephalexin Schiff bases stabilize polystyrene against photodegradation have also been suggested.

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Kulkarni, Ankur Arun. "Strength and Durability of Polystyrene Concrete." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, no. 5 (January 30, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e5254.019521.

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Now a day the construction is having rapid pace, and it has increased the requirement of raw material of construction especially coarse aggregate. In order to conserve the natural resources, use of plastic waste as partial replacement of natural aggregate in production of concrete will be a right step. This research paper discusses about the study and experimental work of “Polystyrene Concrete”, comprising of polystyrene waste shredded aggregates. Polystyrene concrete is a type of concrete, produced from a mixture of cement, sand and expanded polystyrene aggregate (EPS or UEPS aggregates). Thermoplastic polymeric material which is in the beginning in the solid form (UEPS) and it can be expanded by the use of steam and an expansive agent is called as Polystyrene. The polystyrene waste shredded to size of coarse and fine aggregate is used to replace 40% of natural aggregates. Nine trial mixes with varying proportion of these three types of polystyrene waste shredded aggregates and water-cement ratio are used. The workability of the fresh concrete mix as well as compressive strength of concrete at 28 days was obtained. This study has revealed that the polystyrene waste can be effectively used for production of resilient light weight concrete. The polystyrene concrete is best suited material for non-load bearing resilient concrete structures such as partition walls and facades.

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45

Maafa, Ibrahim M. "Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020225.

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The manufacturing of polystyrene around the globe has escalated in the past years due to its huge applications in various areas. The perpetual market needs of polystyrene led the polystyrene wastes accretion in the landfill causing environmental deterioration. The soaring need for polystyrene also led to the exhaustion of petroleum, a non-renewable energy source, as polystyrene is a petroleum-derived product. Researchers from around the world have discovered a few techniques to take care of the polystyrene scraps, namely recycling and energy recovery techniques. Nevertheless, there are demerits involved with recycling techniques, such as they call for huge labor expenses in the separation process and cause water pollution, thereby decreasing the process sustainability. Owing to these demerits, the researchers have focused their attention on the energy recovery technique. Since petroleum is the main ingredient of polystyrene synthesis, the restoration of liquid oil from polystyrene via the pyrolysis method is a promising technique as the recovered oil has greater calorific value as compared to commercially available fuel. The present paper surveys the pyrolysis technique for polystyrene and the important process parameters that control the end product, like oil, gas, and char. The chief process parameters that are discussed in this review paper include the type of reactors, temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst types, type of fluidizing gases, and their flow rate. A more recent technique of utilizing a solvent to perform pyrolysis and the effect of various process conditions on the product yield have been discussed. Apart from this, various outlooks to optimize the liquid oil recovery from polystyrene are also reviewed.

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46

Maafa, Ibrahim. "Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020225.

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The manufacturing of polystyrene around the globe has escalated in the past years due to its huge applications in various areas. The perpetual market needs of polystyrene led the polystyrene wastes accretion in the landfill causing environmental deterioration. The soaring need for polystyrene also led to the exhaustion of petroleum, a non-renewable energy source, as polystyrene is a petroleum-derived product. Researchers from around the world have discovered a few techniques to take care of the polystyrene scraps, namely recycling and energy recovery techniques. Nevertheless, there are demerits involved with recycling techniques, such as they call for huge labor expenses in the separation process and cause water pollution, thereby decreasing the process sustainability. Owing to these demerits, the researchers have focused their attention on the energy recovery technique. Since petroleum is the main ingredient of polystyrene synthesis, the restoration of liquid oil from polystyrene via the pyrolysis method is a promising technique as the recovered oil has greater calorific value as compared to commercially available fuel. The present paper surveys the pyrolysis technique for polystyrene and the important process parameters that control the end product, like oil, gas, and char. The chief process parameters that are discussed in this review paper include the type of reactors, temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst types, type of fluidizing gases, and their flow rate. A more recent technique of utilizing a solvent to perform pyrolysis and the effect of various process conditions on the product yield have been discussed. Apart from this, various outlooks to optimize the liquid oil recovery from polystyrene are also reviewed.

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47

Nargang, Tobias M., Lara Brockmann, Pavel Mitkov Nikolov, Dieter Schild, Dorothea Helmer, Nico Keller, Kai Sachsenheimer, et al. "Liquid polystyrene: a room-temperature photocurable soft lithography compatible pour-and-cure-type polystyrene." Lab Chip 14, no. 15 (2014): 2698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00045e.

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In this paper we introduce “liquid polystyrene,” a castable photocurable polystyrene prepolymer, for microfluidic prototyping. Using this material, polystyrene, an important polymer in cell biology will become accessible via soft lithography replication.

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48

Kharchenko, O., V. Smokal, O. Krupka, and A. Kolendo. "THERMOSTABILITY OF POLYSTYRENE BY STYRYLQUINOLINE CONTAINING METHACRYLATES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Chemistry, no. 1(56) (2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2209.2019.1(56).8.

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It's known that polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics. The materials based on it are used in almost all branches of engineering and human's daily life. Therefore, the creation of new highly effective thermal stabilizers for polystyrene remains as the actual task of polymer chemistry. Combining fragments of basic industrial monomer with the modifiers in the polymer matrix provides the ability to control performance properties of obtained materials. Investigation of thermostabilitive action of new styrylquinoline containing methacrylic monomers on polystyrene have been described in this work. Polystyrene and copolymers based on styrene and new methacrylic styrylquinoline containing monomers were synthesized by free radical thermoinitiated polymerization. 2,2´-Azo-bisisobutyronitrile (1 mass per cent) was used as initiator. Styrylquinoline monomers (3 mol per cent) were added to styrene for making modified samples. Polymerization was carried out by heating of reactants in ethyl acetate during 16 hours. Polymers were precipitated in isopropanol and dried at vacuum. The impact of such dopants – 2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]quinolin-8-yl 2-methylpropyl-2-enoate (М1), 2-(2-phenylethenyl)quinolin-8-yl 2-methylpropyl-2-enoate (М2), 2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]quinolin-8-yl 2-methylpropyl-2-enoate (М3) were investigated. Thermostability of polystyrene and modified samples styrene:M1, styrene:M2, styrene:M3 were studied by dynamic thermograviametric analysis. It was shown that destruction of polystyrene with dopants M1-M2 starts at 41–42°С higher than reference polystyrene prepared at the same conditions and polystyrene of brand STYRONE (Switzerland). Sample with dopant M3 begins destruction with lower speed than reference polystyrene. First one loses 20% of weight at 347°С while reference polystyrene loses 50% of weight. It means, that dopant M3 can act as retarder of thermal destruction of polystyrene. It was found that new monomers have thermal stabilizing effect after its covalent introducing and can act as effective inhibitors of thermodestruction of polystyrene in the air.

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Moon, Je Yong, Yongmin Chang, Jeunghee Park, and Gang Ho Lee. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Supported FePt Nanoparticles and CdS Quantum Dots." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic05.

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We present a general method of supporting nanoparticles by using polymers. As a demonstration, a polystyrene was employed to rigidly support the superparamagnetic FePt nanoparticles and CdS QDs. We successfully fabricated the FePt nanoparticles and CdS QDs rigidly supported in a polystyrene matrix by directly blending the FePt nanoparticles and CdS QDs with the polystyrene at melt state of polystyrene. We characterized them with TEM, XRD, and PL spectrometer.

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50

Wu, Wen-li, William E. Wallace, John H. van Zanten, Barry J. Bauer, Da-wei Liu, and Apollo Wong. "Diffusion of linear polystyrene into crosslinked polystyrene." Polymer 38, no. 11 (May 1997): 2583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)85589-9.

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