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Journal articles on the topic 'Polystyrene copolymer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Golas, Patricia L., Nicolay V. Tsarevsky, Brent S. Sumerlin, Lynn M. Walker, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Multisegmented Block Copolymers by 'Click' Coupling of Polymers Prepared by ATRP." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 6 (2007): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07073.

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Multisegmented block copolymers were prepared by the step-growth click coupling of well-defined block copolymers synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). α,ω-Diazido-terminated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene was coupled with propargyl ether in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a CuBr/N,N,N´,N´´,N´´-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine catalyst. The preparation of multisegmented block copolymers was also demonstrated by the click coupling of propargyl ether with another diazido-terminated triblock copolymer, poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(methyl m

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2

Pavlopoulou, Eleni, Kiriaki Chrissopoulou, Stergios Pispas, Nikos Hadjichristidis, and Spiros H. Anastasiadis. "The Micellization of Well-Defined Single Graft Copolymers in Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050833.

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A series of well-defined (polyisoprene)2(polystyrene), I2S, single graft copolymers with similar total molecular weights but different compositions, fPS, were blended with a low molecular weight polyisoprene homopolymer matrix at a constant concentration 2 wt%, and the micellar characteristics were studied by small-angle x-ray scattering. To investigate the effect of macromolecular architecture on the formation and characteristics of micelles, the results on the single graft copolymers were compared with those of the corresponding linear polystyrene-b-polyisoprene diblock copolymers, SI. The c

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3

Yang, Lei, Cheng Jie Hu, Hai Yang, and Dong Ming Qi. "Synthesis of Polystyrene-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymers as Binder for Pigment Dyeing." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.473.

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Well-controlled polystyrene-b-poly (n-butyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene (PSt-b-PnBA-b-PSt) triblock copolymers were prepared by RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) emulsion polymerization process. The mechanical properties of the triblock copolymers were investigated in comparison to the P(nBA-co-St) statistical copolymers. When the PSt content is 20%, the ultimate tensile strength of triblock copolymer is nearly six times the strength of statistical copolymer, while their modulus are all around 3.0×103 Pa. The triblock copolymer films feel smooth and non-tacky as the PSt conte

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4

Jiang, You Qing, Yun Bo Zhang, Zhi Yong Lin, Jun Chen, and Ming Ming Yu. "A Study of Structure Parameters of Block Copolymers Polystyrene-Polyethylene Oxides." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2714.

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Block copolymer consists of two and more than two of different polymer links. Epoxy terminated polydtyrene (Ps-ep) active polymer was used to polymerize polystyrene (Pst)-polyethylene oxide (Peo) block copolymer P (st-b-eo). There were the mixtures of (Ps-ep), (Pst), (Peo) and P (st-b-eo) in the polymerization. It is necessary to separate (Ps-ep), (Pst), (Peo) and P (st-b-eo) in the mixtures in order to determine structure parameters of P (st-b-eo) block copolymers. We can know for certain their types of ABA, BAB and AB of polystyrene (A)-Polyethylene oxides (B) block copolymers with analysis

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5

Gui, Qilin, Qi Ouyang, Chunrong Xu, Hongxue Ding, Shuxian Shi, and Xiaonong Chen. "Facile and Safe Synthesis of Novel Self-Pored Amine-Functionalized Polystyrene with Nanoscale Bicontinuous Morphology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249404.

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The chloromethyl-functionalized polystyrene is the most commonly used ammonium cation precursor for making anion exchange resins (AER) and membranes (AEM). However, the chloromethylation of polystyrene or styrene involves highly toxic and carcinogenic raw materials (e.g., chloromethyl ether) and the resultant ammonium cation structural motif is not stable enough in alkaline media. Herein, we present a novel self-pored amine-functionalized polystyrene, which may provide a safe, convenient, and green process to make polystyrene-based AER and AEM. It is realized by hydrolysis of the copolymer obt

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6

Tuzar, Zdeněk, Antonín Sikora, Dagmar Straková, Jiří Podešva, Jaroslav Stejskal, and Pavel Kratochvíl. "Precipitation fractionation of block copolymers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 11 (1985): 2588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19852588.

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Possibilities offered by classical precipitation fractionation in the preparative separation of polymer admixtures from block copolymers and in an estimate of the polydispersity in molar mass and of the heterogeneity in chemical composition of block copolymers have been examined. A mixture of a two-block copolymer, polystyrene-block-polyisoprene, with polystyrene was separated in the systems cyclohexane/1-propanol and 1,4-dioxan/1-propanol, and a mixture of three two-block styrene-isoprene copolymers having different chemical composition was fractionated in the system benzene/methanol. In the

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7

Pandit, Rajesh, Boulos Youssef, Jean Marc Saiter, and Rameshwar Adhikari. "Investigations into Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Epoxidized Polystyrene/Polybutadiene/Polystyrene (SBS) Triblock Copolymer." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 28 (May 7, 2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8057.

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An architecturally asymmetric polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) triblock copolymer possessing lamellar morphology was subjected to different degrees of epoxidation with performic acid generated in situ by the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The effect of the chemical modification on morphology and mechanical behaviour of the block copolymer was investigated by means of different techniques such as electron microscopy, Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the micro

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8

Muñoz-Bonilla, Alexandra, Rocío Cuervo-Rodríguez, Fátima López-Fabal, José Gómez-Garcés, and Marta Fernández-García. "Antimicrobial Porous Surfaces Prepared by Breath Figures Approach." Materials 11, no. 8 (2018): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081266.

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Herein, efficient antimicrobial porous surfaces were prepared by breath figures approach from polymer solutions containing low content of block copolymers with high positive charge density. In brief, those block copolymers, which were used as additives, are composed of a polystyrene segment and a large antimicrobial block bearing flexible side chain with 1,3-thiazolium and 1,2,3-triazolium groups, PS54-b-PTTBM-M44, PS54-b-PTTBM-B44, having different alkyl groups, methyl or butyl, respectively. The antimicrobial block copolymers were blended with commercial polystyrene in very low proportions,

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9

Gadzinowski, Mariusz, Maciej Kasprów, Teresa Basinska, et al. "Synthesis, Hydrophilicity and Micellization of Coil-Brush Polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) Copolymer—Comparison with Linear Polystyrene-b-polyglycidol." Polymers 14, no. 2 (2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020253.

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In this paper, an original method of synthesis of Coil-Brush amphiphilic polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) (PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL)) block copolymers was developed. The hypothesis that their hydrophilicity and micellization can be controlled by polyglycidol blocks architecture was verified. The research enabled comparison of behavior in water of PS-b-PGL copolymers and block–brush copolymers PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL) with similar composition. The Coil-Brush copolymers were composed of PS-b-PGL linear core with average DPn of polystyrene 29 and 13 of polyglycidol blocks. The DPn of polyglycidol side

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10

Zhang, Da Wei, Jin Song Leng, and Yan Ju Liu. "Influence of Radialization Dosage on Shape Memory Effect of Polystyrene Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.690.

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This paper is concerned about the synthesis of shape memory styrene copolymer and the investigation of the influence of radialization dosage on its shape memory effect. As one of novel actuators in smart materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been investigated intensively. Styrene copolymer with proper cross-linking degree can exhibit shape memory effect (SME). In this paper, the influence of radialization on shape memory effect of styrene copolymer was investigated through altering the dosage of radialization. The radialization dosage of styrene copolymer was determined by changed radic

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11

Xie, Yihui, Nicolas Moreno, Victor M. Calo, et al. "Synthesis of highly porous poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-b-polysulfone-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) asymmetric membranes." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 18 (2016): 3076–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00215c.

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For the first time, self-assembly and non-solvent induced phase separation was applied to polysulfone-based linear block copolymers, reaching mechanical stability much higher than other block copolymer membranes used in this method, which were mainly based on polystyrene blocks.

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12

Hempenius, Mark A., Bea M. W. Langeveld-Voss, John A. E. H. van Haare, et al. "A Polystyrene−Oligothiophene−Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 12 (1998): 2798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja972910v.

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13

Liu, Weichen, Libin Zhang, and Yayi Wei. "The Influence of Annealing Atmosphere, Blending Ratio, and Molecular Weight on the Phase Behavior of Blend Materials." Processes 9, no. 9 (2021): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091586.

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In the study of block copolymers, many parameters need to be adjusted to obtain good phase separation results. Based on block copolymer polystyrene-b-polycarbonate and homopolymer polystyrene, the effects of the annealing atmosphere, blending ratio, and molecular weight on phase separation were studied. The results show that annealing in air can inhibit the occurrence of phase separation. In addition, snowflake patterns are formed during phase separation. The blending ratio affects the quality of the pattern. The molecular weight affects the size of the pattern, and the size increases as the m

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14

Ohnogi, Hiroshi, Toshiyuki Isshiki, Sono Sasaki, and Shinichi Sakurai. "Intriguing transmission electron microscopy images observed for perpendicularly oriented cylindrical microdomains of block copolymers." Nanoscale 6, no. 18 (2014): 10817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr02074j.

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Intriguing images of dislocation structures were observed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique for hexagonally packed cylindrical microdomains in a block copolymer (polystyrene-block-polyethylenebutylene-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer) film.

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15

Otulakowski, Lukasz, Andrzej Dworak, Aleksander Forys, et al. "Micellization of Polystyrene-b-Polyglycidol in Dioxane and Water/Dioxane Solutions." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010200.

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In this work, the self-assembly of a series of amphiphilic polystyrene-b-polyglycidol (PS-b-PGL) diblock copolymers in dioxane and dioxane/water mixtures is presented. The PS-b-PGL have an average degree of polymerization (DP) of PS block equal to 29 units and varied degrees of polymerization for the glycidol segments with DPs of 13, 42, 69 and 117. In dioxane, amphiphilic diblock copolymers form micelles with the hydrophilic PGL placed in the core. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined based on the intensity of scattered light vs. concentration. The micelle size was measured by

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16

Bale, MD, LA Wohlfahrt, DF Mosher, B. Tomasini, and RC Sutton. "Identification of vitronectin as a major plasma protein adsorbed on polymer surfaces of different copolymer composition." Blood 74, no. 8 (1989): 2698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.8.2698.2698.

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Abstract The arrays of proteins adsorbed from plasma onto a series of polystyrene copolymeric latexes were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of washed beads and immunoblotting of proteins desorbed from the beads and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Beads were prepared by continuous emulsion polymerization in the absence of surfactant. Coomassie brilliant blue staining of gel electropherograms of desorbed proteins indicated that the presence of small amounts of comonomers (1 to 10 mole %) significantly influenced the composition of the adsorbed protein

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17

Bale, MD, LA Wohlfahrt, DF Mosher, B. Tomasini, and RC Sutton. "Identification of vitronectin as a major plasma protein adsorbed on polymer surfaces of different copolymer composition." Blood 74, no. 8 (1989): 2698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.8.2698.bloodjournal7482698.

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The arrays of proteins adsorbed from plasma onto a series of polystyrene copolymeric latexes were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of washed beads and immunoblotting of proteins desorbed from the beads and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Beads were prepared by continuous emulsion polymerization in the absence of surfactant. Coomassie brilliant blue staining of gel electropherograms of desorbed proteins indicated that the presence of small amounts of comonomers (1 to 10 mole %) significantly influenced the composition of the adsorbed protein layer. I

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18

Nikolic, Vladimir, Sava Velickovic, Dusan Antonovic, and Aleksandar Popovic. "Biodegradation of starch–graft–polystyrene and starch–graft–poly(methacrylic acid) copolymers in model river water." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 9 (2013): 1425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121216051n.

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In this paper the biodegradation study of grafted copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and corn starch and poly(methacrylic acid) and corn starch in model river water is described. These copolymers were obtained in the presence of different amine activators. The synthesized copolymers and products of degradation were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biodegradation was monitored by mass decrease and number of microorganisms by Koch?s method. Biodegradation of both copolymers advanced with time, poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-starch

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19

Liu, Rui Xue, Yan Shi, and Zhi Feng Fu. "Synthesis of PCL-PS Star-Block Copolymer by Combination of Lipase-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization and ATRP." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.749.

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Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-polystyrene (PS)star-block copolymer with a cross-linked microgel core were synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of St and lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL. The characterization of PCL-Br, PCL-PS-Br macroinitiator and PCL-PS Star-block copolymers was detected by GPC and 1H NMR. Results showed that the target star-block copolymers were successfully prepared.

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20

Li, L. S., and S. I. Stupp. "The morphology and structure of a rod-coil polymer and its molecular object derivatives." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150265.

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Several non-crystalline ordered structures are known in polymer science; these include liquid crystalline structures and long range ordered microdomain structures of amorphous block copolymers with well defined block lengths. It would be very interesting to combine these two types of structures together to form a block copolymer in which a rigid board-like or rod-like mesogen block is connected to a coil-like chain. These copolymers, containing a mesogenic block and a short block of polyisoprene (PI), polystyrene (PS) or a diblock sequence have been synthesized in our laboratory. The chemical

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21

Ding, Jin Dian, Wei Zhen Li, Tian Qi Jiang, Zong Lian Xia, and Wen Jun Gan. "Phase Separation in Thermosetting Blends of Epoxy Resin with PS-b-PCL and PI-Si Block Copolymers." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.95.

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Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Poly(styrene-b-ε-Caprolactone) were Synthesized. Firstly, Polystyrene was Synthesized via Sequential Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), and then the Tetra Hydro Lithium Aluminum (LiAlH4) was Used as a Reducing Agent in Tetra Hydro (THF) to Reduce Polystyrene to the Pre-Polymer Monohydroxy-Terminated Polystyrene (PS-OH). as Following, Amphiphilic Diblock were Obtained by Ring Opening Polymerization. and the Structure of Diblock Polymer was Investigated by FTIR. Furthermore, the Block Copolymers were Added into the Mixture of Epoxy and me-THPA. and the O

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22

Lin, Hu Bin, Chong Min Du, Jian Yi Zhu та Wen Yao Liang. "Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized β Nucleated Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blends". Advanced Materials Research 902 (лютий 2014): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.63.

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The β nucleated polypropylene (PP), uncompatibilized β nucleated PP/polystyrene (PS) and compatibilized β nucleated PP/PS blends were prepared on a twinscrew extruder.and then,added into compatibilizers styrene-ethylene-propylene block copolymer (SEP) or twostyrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymers (SEBS) with different content of styrene.The morphology and mechanical properties of these composites were investigated.

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23

Tezuka, Yasuyuki, Akitoshi Araki, and Tomoo Shiomi. "Surface formation and environmental responses on polyurethane-polystyrene graft copolymers." High Performance Polymers 7, no. 3 (1995): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/7/3/005.

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The surfaces of polyurethane (PU)-polystyrene (PS) graft copolymers having a defined content of uniform-size polystyrene graft segments were studied in both dry and wet states. XPS inspection of PU-PS graft copolymer film samples indicated the enrichment of the PS component at the surface in the dry state. The sample films were then immersed in water, and the environmental response at the surface was examined by means of a contact angle measurement using a CCI4 in water technique. The contact angle underwent a slow, but measurable change from one near to that of the PS homopolymer toward that

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24

Zhou, Si Kai, Ya Juan Xu, and Shao Ming Fang. "The Synthesis of Polystyrene-B-Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 161 (March 2012): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.161.157.

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a system of polystyrene and polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) were synthesized by using living free radical in the presence of 4-hydroxyl-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperridine-oxyl-1(HTEMPO•) and (BPO). The polystyrene and diblock copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results suggested that the polymerization of styrene in the presence of 4-hydroxyl-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperridine-oxyl-1(HTEMPO•) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) can be prepared with molecular weight distribution in the range of 1.15 to 1.25. The po

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25

Dung, T. A., N. T. Nhan, N. T. Thuong, et al. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Modified Natural Rubber via Grafting with Styrene." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4956102.

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The dynamic mechanical behavior of modified deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) prepared by graft copolymerization with various styrene contents was investigated at a wide range of temperatures. Graft copolymerization of styrene onto DPNR was performed in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as redox initiator. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile test and the viscoelastic properties of the resulting graft copolymers at wide range of temperature and frequency were investigated. It was found that the tensile strength depends on the

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26

Sun, Yu, Yazhen Wang, Li Liu, and Tianyuan Xiao. "The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer." Materials 13, no. 1 (2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010127.

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A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry te

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27

Asaletha, R., Sabu Thomas, and M. G. Kumaran. "The Technological Compatibilization of Natural Rubber/Polystyrene Blends by the Addition of Natural Rubber-graft-Polystyrene." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 4 (1995): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538766.

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Abstract Compatibility of natural rubber (NR)/polystyrene (PS) blend is poor and can be enhanced by the addition of a graft copolymer of natural rubber and polystyrene (NR-graft-PS). The effects of homopolymer molecular weight, copolymer molecular weight, copolymer concentration, processing conditions and mode of addition on the morphology of the dispersed phase have been investigated by means of optical microscopy. The addition of a small percentage of the compatibilizer decreases the domain size of the dispersed phase. The effect levels off at higher concentrations. The leveling off could be

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28

Lin, Hu Bin, Chong Ming Du, Jian Yi Zhu та Wen Yao Liang. "Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behavior and Kinetics of Compatibilized β Nucleated Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blends". Advanced Materials Research 893 (лютий 2014): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.291.

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The β nucleated polypropylene (PP), uncompatibilized β nucleated PP/polystyrene (PS) and compatibilized β nucleated PP/PS blends were prepared on a twinscrew extruder.and added into compatibilizers styrene-ethylene-propylene block copolymer (SEP) or two styrene-ethylene-butylen- e-styrene block copolymers (SEBS) with different content of styrene.The crystallization characteristic, melting behavior and crystallization kinetics of these composites were studied.

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29

Lokaj, Jan, Libuše Brožová, Petr Holler, and Zbyněk Pientka. "Synthesis and Gas Permeability of Block Copolymers Composed of Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and Polystyrene Blocks." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 2 (2002): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20020267.

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Radical copolymerization of a mixture of styrene (S) and acrylonitrile (AN) at azeotropic composition (63 mole % of S and 37 mole % of AN) at 125 °C in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl (TEMPO) gave TEMPO-terminated S-AN copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. Both the linear semilogarithmic time-conversion and molecular weight-conversion dependences indicated a quasiliving copolymerization process. Polymerization of styrene initiated with the synthesized macroinitiators containing reversibly bound terminal TEMPO groups yielded film-for

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30

Ma, Jun, Chong Cheng, and Karen L. Wooley. "The Power of RAFT for Creating Polymers Having Imbedded Side-Chain Functionalities: Norbornenyl-Functionalized Polymers and their Transformations via ROMP and Thiol-ene Reactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 11 (2009): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09243.

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Robust, efficient and orthogonal chemistries are becoming increasingly important tools for the construction of increasingly sophisticated materials. In this article, the selectivity of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-based radical polymerization of bifunctional monomers is exploited for the preparation of statistical and block copolymers that contain imbedded side-chain functionalities, which are then shown to exhibit two different orthogonal types of chemical reactivity to afford discrete nanoscale objects and functional derivative structures. Based on the radical reac

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31

Mukhsin, Norzurain, Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari, Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak, and Abd Majid Noor Aishatun. "Morphological and Spectral Analysis of Polystyrene-Block-Polyisoprene-Poly(Butyl Acrylate) Triblock Copolymer." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.50.

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Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-poly (butyl acrylate) or PS-b-PI-b-PBA triblock copolymer with different ratio (5:5 and 4:6) of styrene and isoprene unit have been synthesized by anionic polymerization. The product had been characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and N-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR). The results of SEM images reveal that more rubber matrix can be seen for 4:6 ratios as compared to 5:5 ratios due to high content of isoprene in the copolymer. H-NMR results indicate that the peaks of polystyrene, polyisoprene and butyl acrylate for ratio 5:5 exists at 6

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32

Khatiwada, Shankar P., Sabu Thomas, Jean Marc Saiter, Ralf Lach, and Rameshwar Adhikari. "Mechanical and thermal properties of triblock copolymer modified epoxy resins." BIBECHANA 16 (November 22, 2018): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v16i0.21651.

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We investigate the ways of improving thermal and mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based thermoset resin using diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS) as hardener and using epoxidized polystyrene/polybutadiene-based triblock copolymers as modifier. The epoxidation was performed. The targeted chemical modification using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) of the copolymer was performed whereby the epoxidation of the butadiene chains mainly took place at 1,4 linkages. The modification copolymer was found to contribute in enhancing the mechanical performance of the blends

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33

Heng, Zhengguang, Zhong Zeng, Bin Zhang, et al. "Enhancing mechanical performance of epoxy thermosets via designing a block copolymer to self-organize into “core–shell” nanostructure." RSC Advances 6, no. 80 (2016): 77030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15283j.

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A rigid-flexible amphiphilic pentablock copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-polydimethylsiloxane-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-polystyrene (PS-PCL-PDMS-PCL-PS, SLDLS), was designed.

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34

Spontak, Richard J., Steven D. Smith, and Arman Ashraf. "Molecular-weight factors affecting formation of the OBBD morphology in block copolymer blends." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129772.

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Microphase-separated diblock copolymers have been known since 1970 to exhibit three principal morphologies. These morphologies depend on the composition of the copolymer and include dispersed spheres of the minor component on either a BCC or FCC lattice, dispersed cylinders of the minor component on a hexagonal lattice, or alternating lamellae. Recent microstructural studies of starblock and diblock copolymers have shown that an ordered bicontinuous morphology is observed between the lamellar and cylindrical regimes. This microstructure is currently referred to as the ordered bicontinuous doub

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35

Bulychev, N., E. Kisterev, H. Reimann, C. Schaller, and C. D. Eisenbach. "Ultrasonic Treatment Enhanced Surface Modification of Titanium Oxide by Tailor-Made Surface-Active Polymers." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 11, no. 2 (2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj305.

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The surface modification of titanium dioxide in aqueous dispersions of specially tailor-made periodic acrylic acid/isobutylene copolymers, poly(acrylic acid)/polystyrene graft copolymers, and hydrophobically modified polyethyleneoxide urethane (HEUR) by ultrasonic treatment was studied. The pigment surface modification by the above copolymers was comparatively investigated regarding conventional adsorption as contrasted to an ultrasonic treatment assisted procedure. The course and efficiency of the polymer adsorpption onto the pigment surface was quantified by electrokinetic sonic amplitude me

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36

Causse, J. E., I. Ricordel, M. N. Bachelier, et al. "Radioimmunological determination of total thyroxin by antibodies immobilized on polystyrene tubes coated with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 3 (1990): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.3.525.

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Abstract In this new technique for preparing activated polystyrene tubes for assay of human thyroxin (T4) we coated plastic with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers. The quantity of antibodies immobilized on these tubes was considerably greater than on non-activated polystyrene tubes, and the time required for immobilization was shortened. Calibration curves were plotted, and determination of total T4 in 200 serum samples confirmed the expected increase in sensitivity as compared with a commercial (Gammacoat) method. The manufacturing procedure is simple and could easily be automated. Thus, su

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37

Otero Navas, Ivonne, Milad Kamkar, Mohammad Arjmand, and Uttandaraman Sundararaj. "Morphology Evolution, Molecular Simulation, Electrical Properties, and Rheology of Carbon Nanotube/Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blend Nanocomposites: Effect of Molecular Interaction between Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer and Carbon Nanotube." Polymers 13, no. 2 (2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020230.

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This work studied the impact of three types of styrene-butadiene (SB and SBS) block copolymers on the morphology, electrical, and rheological properties of immiscible blends of polypropylene:polystyrene (PP:PS)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a fixed blend ratio of 70:30 vol.%. The addition of block copolymers to PP:PS/MWCNT blend nanocomposites produced a decrease in the droplet size. MWCNTs, known to induce co-continuity in PP:PS blends, did not interfere with the copolymer migration to the interface and, thus, there was morphology refinement upon addition of the copolymers. Inter

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38

Otero Navas, Ivonne Otero, Milad Kamkar, Mohammad Arjmand, and Uttandaraman Sundararaj. "Morphology Evolution, Molecular Simulation, Electrical Properties, and Rheology of Carbon Nanotube/Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blend Nanocomposites: Effect of Molecular Interaction between Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer and Carbon Nanotube." Polymers 13, no. 2 (2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020230.

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This work studied the impact of three types of styrene-butadiene (SB and SBS) block copolymers on the morphology, electrical, and rheological properties of immiscible blends of polypropylene:polystyrene (PP:PS)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a fixed blend ratio of 70:30 vol.%. The addition of block copolymers to PP:PS/MWCNT blend nanocomposites produced a decrease in the droplet size. MWCNTs, known to induce co-continuity in PP:PS blends, did not interfere with the copolymer migration to the interface and, thus, there was morphology refinement upon addition of the copolymers. Inter

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39

Disko, M. M., S. K. Behal, K. S. Liang, R. J. Roe, and K. J. Jeon. "Recent morphological surprises in diblock copolymer systems." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100169924.

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Diblock copolymers form ordered interfacial surfaces that range from lamellae, to cylinders, to the ordered bicontinuous double diamond (OBDD) structure, and spheres on a cubic lattice as the size of one component is increased. Flexible control of these materials presents an opportunity for structural materials, adhesives and selective separations. Mixtures of diblock copolymers with homopolymers exhibit similar structures due to changes in the interfacial curvature that accompany "swelling" the like-component of the diblock with homopolymer. Ordering behavior in systems of this type depends o

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Tuzar, Zdeněk, Pavel Kratochvíl, Karel Procházka, and Petr Munk. "Block Copolymer Micelles in Aqueous Media." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 10 (1993): 2362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932362.

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Micellization of di- and triblock copolymers, poly(methacrylic acid)-block-polystyrene and poly(methacrylic acid)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(methacrylic acid), varying in molecular weight and composition, has been studied by static and dynamic light scattering, and sedimentation velocity. Micelles with polystyrene cores were prepared in water-dioxane mixtures, rich in dioxane, and transferred into water-rich mixtures, water, and aqueous buffers via stepwise dialysis. It has been shown that, in dioxane-rich mixtures, the micellar system was in dynamic equilibrium, while in water-rich solvents

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41

Kim, Seon-Mi, Sang Suk Han, A. Young Kim, et al. "Anti-Biofouling Effect of PEG-Grafted Block Copolymer Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (2015): 7866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11216.

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Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-block-styrene) (PGMA-b-PS), a block copolymer consisting of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene, was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer living polymerization. The synthesized PGMA-b-PS was then grafted with low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) via epoxy ring opening to give PGMA-g-PEG-b-PS, which was evaluated as an anti-biofouling coating material. As a preliminary test for the anti-biofouling effect, a protein adsorption experiment was performed on the synthesized block copolymer surface. The block copolymers were spin-coated o

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42

Samanta, Pratick, Rajiv Srivastava, and Bhanu Nandan. "Block copolymer compatibilization driven frustrated crystallization in electrospun nanofibers of polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) blends." RSC Advances 8, no. 32 (2018): 17989–8007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02391c.

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Confined crystallization behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was studied in electrospun nanofibers of the phase-separated blends of polystyrene (PS) and PEO compatibilized with polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer.

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43

Yang, Jung-Eun, Young Taik Hong, and Jae-Suk Lee. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Poly(arylene ether sulfone)-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer for Proton Exchange Membrane Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (2006): 3594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.17989.

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The polystyrene-poly(arylene ether sulfone)-polystyrene (PS-PAES-PS) coil-semirod-coil triblock copolymer was synthesized by the condensation reaction of PS-COCl and H2N-PAES-NH2 telechelic polymers. The reaction was facile characterized by high yields with a perfect control over the block lengths. Following a known reaction protocol it was possible to selectively sulfonate the PS block of the triblock copolymer that led to the sulfonated copolymer sPS-PAES-sPS. Studies on its proton conductivity and methanol permeability were carried out to evaluate its use as the proton exchange membrane in

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44

Yuan, Bing, Xin He, Yaqing Qu, Chengqiang Gao, Erika Eiser, and Wangqing Zhang. "In situ synthesis of a self-assembled AB/B blend of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene/polystyrene by dispersion RAFT polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 14 (2017): 2173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00339k.

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Guo, Linlin, Ge Gao, Xiaoli Liu, and Fengqi Liu. "Emulsion Polymerisation of St/BuA Stabilised with a PEG-containing Graft Copolymer." Polymers and Polymer Composites 16, no. 9 (2008): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600908.

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An amphiphilic graft copolymer comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) grafts was synthesised and characterised. It was used to stabilise the emulsion polymerisation of St or BuA. The effectiveness of this PEG-containing graft copolymer in stabilising St/BuA emulsion polymerisation was studied. Finally, stable dispersions of polystyrene microspheres were used as templates, and polystyrene microspheres were coated with Fe3O4 by in situ reaction of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the presence of OH−. No additional treatments were needed in the process.

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46

Tian, Minmin, Zdeněk Tuzar, and Petr Munk. "Light Scattering of Particles Embedded in Soft Hydrogel." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 10 (1995): 1719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951719.

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This study is concerned with soft polyacrylamide gels in which are embedded either polystyrene latexes or block copolymer micelles with polystyrene cores and poly(methacrylic acid) shells. We have found that light scattering provides useful structure information about the systems. For polystyrene latexes, both molar mass and radius of gyration do not change during the embedding in the hydrogel; for block copolymer micelles, molar mass does not change, while the size decreases upon immobilization. In all cases, the second virial coefficient is very small and overshadowed by the turbidity of the

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47

Vazaios, Aggelos, Athanasios Touris, Mikel Echeverria, Georgia Zorba, and Marinos Pitsikalis. "Micellization Behaviour of Linear and Nonlinear Block Copolymers Based on Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) in Selective Solvents." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081678.

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Block copolymers have attracted significant scientific and economic interest over the last decades due to their ability to self-assemble into ordered structures both in bulk and in selective solvents. In this work, the self-assembly behaviour of both linear (diblocks, triblocks and pentablocks) and nonlinear (miktoarm stars and a block-graft) copolymers based on poly(n-hexyl isocyanate), PHIC, were studied in selective solvents such as n-heptane and n-dodecane. A variety of experimental techniques, namely static and dynamic light scattering, dilute solution viscometry and atomic force microsco

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48

Zhu, Ye, Chenglin Yi, Qiong Hu, Wei Wei, and Xiaoya Liu. "Effect of chain microstructure on self-assembly and emulsification of amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid)-polystyrene copolymers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 37 (2016): 26236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04978h.

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In this study, a series of random copolymer poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene) (P(AA-co-St)) and block copolymer poly(acrylic acid)-b-polystyrene (PAA-b-PSt) with similar chemical composition but different chain microstructure were synthesized.

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49

Chen, Wei-Cheng, Yu-Hsuan Tsao, Chih-Feng Wang, et al. "Main Chain–Type Block Copolymers through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Double-Decker–Shaped Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrids." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020465.

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In this study, we synthesized two main chain–type block copolymers featuring hydrogen bond donor and acceptor segments through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a bifunctionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticle as the initiator. Hydrosilylation of vinylbenzyl chloride at the two corners of a double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) provided the bifunctionalized benzyl chloride initiator VBC-DDSQ-VBC, which we applied as a platform to prepare a main chain–type polystyrene homopolymer (PS-DDSQ-PS), the diblock copolymer poly(styrene–b–4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP-b

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50

Min, Xin, and Xiaodong Fan. "A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Hydroxyl Terminated Polystyrene-b-Polybutadiene-b-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer with High Cis-1, 4 Content." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040598.

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This work reports the preparation of a hydroxyl terminated polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS) with high cis-1, 4 content via a novel nickel catalyst, [η3-Ni(CH2CHCHCH2OOCH3)][BPhF4]. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C NMR indicated that the polybutadiene segment of the copolymer contains greater than 90% cis-1, 4 structure, indicating achievement of the objective. Toward the functionalization goal, a hydroxyl group was successfully introduced at the end of the triblock copolymer (HO–SBS–OH). The results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed that the polymer is ind

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