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Sunardi, Sunardi, Nur Firda Trianda, and Utami Irawati. "Pengaruh Nanoselulosa dari Pelepah Nipah sebagai Filler terhadap Sifat Bioplastik Polivinil Alkohol." Justek : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/justek.v3i2.3704.
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In this research, the synthesis of nanocellulose from Nypa fruticans fronds as a filler of polyvinyl alcohol-based bioplastic has been carried out. Nanocellulose synthesis was carried out using sulfuric acid hydrolysis process with a concentration of 30% and the results were analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer. The effect of addition of the amount of nanocellulose on bioplastics from polyvinyl alcohol such as moisture content, thickness, transparency, vapor transmission rate, solubility and functional group analysis using FTIR have been evaluated. The results showed that the nanocellulose from Nypa fruticans fronds had a diameter below 600 nm. The addition of nanocellulose with a concentration of 0.2%; 0.4% and 0.6% into the polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic can increase the thickness and transparency of the bioplastic, and reduce the water vapor transmission rate. However, the addition of nanocellulose in this range did not significantly affect the water content and the solubility of bioplastics in water.
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Novitasari, Riska, Siang Tandi Gonggo, and Suherman Suherman. "Pengaruh Silika Terhadap Membran Blend Kitosan-Polivinil Alkohol-Litium Sebagai Membran Elektrolit Baterai Ion Litium." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2016.v5.i1.7999.
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Battery is one of a source of energy. Increasing the need of energy affects to the diminishing reserves of fossil energy sources. Therefore, this needs for energy sources alternative. Modification of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol electrolyte membrane added with lithium salt has an advantage on environmentally friendly. This research aims to study the effect of adding percent weight of silica on the conductivity of the electrolyte polymers made from chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte polymer chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium-silica was measured by impedance spectroscopy. The results showed the electrolyte polymer with the addition of 5% silica performed the highest ionic conductivity by 2.005 x 10-7 S/cm. Characteristic of battery made from electrolyte polymer chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium with the addition of silica performed voltage of 1.5 Volts which was comparable to the commercial battery with the voltage of 1.8 Volts. These results indicate that silica can be used as a filler to improve the ionic conductivity.
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Sari, Nofita, Maudy Mairisya, Riska Kurniasari, and Sari Purnavita. "Bioplastik Berbasis Galaktomanan Hasil Ekstraski Ampas Kelapa Dengan Campuran Polyvinyl Alkohol." METANA 15, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/metana.v15i2.24892.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi luas permukaan dan jumlah solven pada proses ekstraksi galaktomanan dari ampas kelapa terhadap yield yang dihasilkan dan mendapatkan kondisi optimumpada proses pembuatan bioplastik yang meliputi jumlah sorbitol dan waktu pencampuran terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang meliputi ketebalan, ketahanan air, kuat tarik, elongasi, waktu degradasi dan morfologi.Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dalam waktu yang singkat, sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan plastik konvensional.Bioplastik terbuat dari bahan polimer alami seperti pati, selulosa atau lemak.Penelitian pembuatan bioplastik ini berbasis dari galaktomanan ampas kelapa dan PVA. Galaktomanan merupakan polimer alami yang memiliki kemampuan membuat lapisan film.Polyvinyl alkohol (PVA) merupakan polimer sintetik namun memiliki sifat mudah larut dalam air sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pembuatan bioplastik. PVA juga mampu meningkatkan elastisitas dan kuat tarik bioplastik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bioplastik dengan ketebalan terbaik 0,18 mm dan prosentase ketahanan air tertinggi 74,76%. Tensile strength bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai 7,55 MPa, sedangkan prosentase elongation terbaik 46,81%. Bioplastik pada penelitian ini memiliki titik leleh (MP) 120°C dan terdegradasi sempurna dalam 24 jam. This study aims to obtain optimum conditions which are including surface area and amount of solvent in the galactomannan extraction process from coconut pulp to the produced yield and obtaining the optimum conditions in the bioplastic manufacturing process which are included the amount of sorbitol and mixing time of the bioplastic characteristics including thickness, water resistance, tensile strength, elongation, degradation time and morphology. Bioplastics are plastics that can be decomposed by microorganisms in a short time, making them more environmentally friendly than conventional plastics bioplastics made from natural polymer materials such as starch, cellulose, or fat. The research in making bioplastics was based on galactomannan coconut pulp and PVA. Galactomannan is a natural polymer that can make film layers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer but has properties that are soluble in water so it can be used as a mixture of bioplastics. PVA is also able to increase the elasticity and strong pull of bioplastics. This study produced bioplastics with the best thickness of 0,18mm and the highest percentage of water resistance in 74,76%. The best bioplastic tensile strength at 7,55 MPa value, while the best percentage of elongation 46,81%. Bioplastics in this study had a melting point (MP) of 120 ° C and were degraded correctly in 24 hours.
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Gonggo, Siang Tandi, Anang Wahid M. Diah, and Reki Lanteene. "Pengaruh Kaolin Terhadap Membran Blend Kitosan Poli Vinil Alkohol-Litium Sebagai Membran Elektrolit Untuk Aplikasi Baterai Ion Litium." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 6, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i1.9229.
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Today, the battery is the most practical and in expensive energy storage device in a modern community. A variety of new materials technologies has been developed in the manufacture of the battery, especially the development of the solid electrolyte (solid). Polymer Electrolytes can be found in the polymer batteries form such as lithium ion polymer battery. A natural polymer such as chitosan is potential as polymer electrolyte membrane for battery applications. The chitosan has amino and hydroxyl groups that allow for modification. The modification of chitosan membrane is expected to produce the better membranes characters. The aim of this research is to study the effect of the addition of inorganic filler kaolin on the conductivity of the polymer electrolyte that made of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol than was added to the lithium salt. The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium-kaolin was measured by using an impedance spectroscopy. The measurement results showed that the polymer electrolyte chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium with the addition of 4% kaolin provide the highest ionic conductivity is large 6.551x10-5 S/cm. In comparison, characteristics of batteries that made from polymer electrolyte chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium with the addition of kaolin have a voltage of 2.4 volts which have similarities to the commercial batteries. This result indicates that the kaolin can be used as a filler to increase the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-lithium, and then it can be developed as a battery.
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Santoso, Ivan, Tria Prayoga, Ika Agustina, and Wiwit Setya Rahayu. "FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF PERASAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) DENGAN GELLING AGENT POLIVINIL ALKOHOL." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v2i1.33.
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Aloe vera (Aloe Vera L.) is a plant which commonly used by local people as moisturizer. The usage of aloe vera can be applied in form of peeled off gel mask with polyvinyl alcohol as gelling agent. The goal of this research is to determine the influence of increase of polyvinyl alcohol as gelling agent to the formulation of peeled off mask from aloe vera juice. The formulation was made in a few concentration, 10%, 12%, and 14% by adding 0,5% of aloe vera juice. After that, the formulation evaluated for 4 weeks about the organoleptics, homogenity, pH, drying time and viscosity. The date of pH test and drying time analyzed by using one way ANOVA statistically and then followed by Tukey HSD test and the viscosity analyzed by using Kruskall Wallis statistically which result in the significantcy less than 0,05 that mean there are difference in drying time and viscosity, on the other hand there is no difference in pH.
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B Tou, Fathia Arami, Eti Indarti, and Ismail Sulaiman. "Pengaruh Penambahan Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) terhadap Karakteristik Polivinil Alkohol (PVA)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v5i2.14837.
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Abstrak: Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan limbah padat terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit. Kandungan utama tandan kosong kelapa sawit adalah selulosa. Tingginya kandungan selulosa pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan nanoselulosa. Nanoselulosa merupakan selulosa yang dihasilkan dalam skala nano dan memiliki sifat karakteristik yang jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan selulosa. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi selulosa yang berasal dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan nanoselulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pencampur (filler) pada polimer polivinil alkohol (PVA), sehingga diharapkan dapat memperbaiki karakteristik pada PVA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji isolasi selulosa menjadi nanoselulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit serta mempelajari karakteristik pada PVA dengan adanya penambahan nanoselulosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif yang terdiri dari jumlah penambahan nanoselulosa (N) dan jumlah PVA (P). Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah uji ketebalan, uji kuat tarik, uji FT-IR, uji WVP, dan uji UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nanoselulosa berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik film PVA. The Effects of Adding Nanocellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) For Characterization of Polyvinil Alcohol (PVA) Abstract: Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the largest solid waste produced by oil palm plantations. The main content of oil palm empty fruit bunches is cellulose. High cellulose content in oil palm empty fruit bunches can be used for making nanocellulose. Nanocellulose is cellulose that produced in nanoscale and it has better characteristic properties compared to cellulose. In this study, cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches was isolated to produce nanocellulose that can be used as filler for characterization of polyvinil alcohol (PVA). The purpose of this study is to examined the isolation of cellulose into nanocellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches and to investiage the characteristics of PVA with the addition of nanocellulose. This study was conducted using a descriptive research design consisting of 2 (two) factors. The first factor was the total addition of nanocellulose (N) and the second factor was the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (P). The characterization that carried out were a thickness test, tensile strength, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that the addition of nanocellulose can effect the characteristics of PVA films.
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Sultan, Asriana, Nur Ida, and Isriany Ismail. "Peningkatan Kadar Ketoprofen Terdisolusi melalui Pembentukan Dispersi Padat menggunakan Polivinil Alkohol (PVA)." Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i1.12096.
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Ketoprofen is included in the Class II of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) which has low solubility. Low solubility will affect the dissolution rate and the dissolved concentration, so the absorption and bioavailability are low as well. Several studies have been conducted to improve the solubility and the dissolution of drugs from these group, such as by solid dispersion system. This study aims to determine the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the dissolved concentration of ketoprofen in solid dispersion and in physical mixture, and to decidethe optimum formula.Solid dispersion and physical mixture of ketoprofen - PVA were formulated with the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4, and then compared with the standard ketoprofen. Evaluation of solid dispersion was performed by the intervention test of PVA as a matrix on the maximum wavelength of standard ketoprofen using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the dissolution test in artificial gastric fluid media without pepsin using a basket stirrer at pH ± 1,2, the temperature of 37 ± 0.5ºC, and device speed of 50 rpm. The sample was collected at 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The amount of dissolved ketoprofen was determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 260 nm. The results showed that there was no shifting on maximum wavelength point in both solid dispersions and physical mixtures. The dissolved ketoprofen concentration that was represented in solid dispersion was greater than in physical mixture and standard ketoprofen. The highest dissolved ketoprofen concentration was indicated in solid dispersion formula with the ratio of 1:1.
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Rahayu, Lale Budi Hutami, Ika Oktavia Wulandari, D. J. Djoko H. Santjojo, and Akhmad Sabarudin. "Effect of Stirring Speed on Characteristics of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Coated with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Glutaldehyde as a Crosslinker." Natural B 4, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.natural-b.2018.004.03.1.
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Rahayu, Lale Budi Hutami, Ika Oktavia Wulandari, D. J. Djoko H. Santjojo, and Akhmad Sabarudin. "Effect of Stirring Speed on Characteristics of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Coated with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Glutaldehyde as a Crosslinker." Natural B 004, no. 03 (April 1, 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.natural-b.2012.004.03.1.
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Hamzah, Mohd Syahir Anwar, Nurul Amira Ab Razak, Celine Ng, Akmal Hafiszi Abdul Azize, Jumadi Abdul Sukor, Soon Chin Fhong, Mohd Safiee Idris, and Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan. "PREPARATION OF THE ELECTROSPUN POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE / POLYVINYL ALCOHOL SCAFFOLD AS A POTENTIAL TISSUE REPLACEMENT." IIUM Engineering Journal 22, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v22i1.1548.
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: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a piezoelectric material, is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its potential for mimicking the electrical microenvironment of biological conditions for tissue development. In this present research, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was introduced into electrospun PVDF fabrication through an electrospinning process, aiming to enhance the nanofibrous membrane's biocompatibility properties by improving the hydrophilicity properties to act as an artificial tissue scaffold. The electrospun PVDF/PVA membranes are found to be optimum at a PVDF-to-PVA ratio of 90:10 due to its excellent mechanical, morphological, and hydrophilicity conductivity properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified strong hydrogen bonding interaction formed between the fluorine group of PVDF with oxygen-containing in the hydroxyl group of PVA. In-vitro cell culture showed that the enhanced hydrophilic property of electrospun PVDF/PVA could significantly enhance the cell growth. These positive results indicated that the scaffold could be implemented as artificial tissue material for tissue engineering applications. ABSTRAK: Polivinilidena fluorida (PVDF) adalah bahan piezoelektrik yang biasa digunakan dalam kejuruteraan tisu kerana potensinya menyerupai keadaan persekitaran mikro-elektrik biologi bagi perkembangan tisu. Dalam penyelidikan ini, polivinil alkohol (PVA) diperkenalkan ke dalam fabrikasi pintalan-elektro PVDF melalui proses pemintalan-elektro, yang bertujuan bagi mengembangkan sifat biokompatibiliti membran nanogentian dengan meningkatkan sifat hidrofilik bagi menjadi perancah tisu tiruan. Membran pintalan-elektro PVDF / PVA didapati optimum pada nisbah PVDF-ke-PVA, 90:10 kerana sifat kekonduksian, mekanikal, morfologi dan hidrofiliknya yang sangat baik. Spektroskopi transformasi inframerah Fourier (FTIR) mengesahkan interaksi ikatan hidrogen yang kuat terbentuk antara kumpulan fluoro PVDF dengan oksigen yang terkandung dalam kumpulan hidroksil PVA. Kultur sel secara in-vitro menunjukkan bahawa sifat hidrofilik pintalan-elektro PVDF / PVA dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan sel secara signifikan. Hasil positif ini menunjukkan bahawa perancah ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan tisu buatan bagi aplikasi kejuruteraan tisu.
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Ayuni, Ni Putu Sri, Ni Wayan Yuningrat, and Ni Wayan Citra. "Kajian Transpor Kreatinin Menggunakan Membran Kitosan-Alginat Tertaut Silang Polivinil Alkohol (PVA)." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.38401.
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A B S T R A C TThe objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of the creatinine transport using chitosan alginate cross linked by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 0.1% with 70, 100, and 130 mg/L of creatinine concentration. The subject of this study was the membranes of chitosan alginate PVA, while the object of this study was the efficiency of the creatinine transport. The PVA 0.1% cross-linking chitosan-alginate membrane (1:0.15) was successfully synthesized. The membrane synthesized was characterized by FTIR, as well as tensile and strain test. The FTIR spectra showed that there is a new peak of the amino group of chitosan and carboxyl group of alginate at ca. 1651 cm-1. The hydroxyl group appears at ca. 1088 cm-1 while ester groups at ca. 1088 cm-1 and ca. 1265 cm-1 which indicate the cross binding between alginate and PVA. The water uptake test of the chitosan alginate PVA membrane reaches 257.76% for 6 hours. The tensile test results of the membrane before and after creatinine transport are 2.77 MPa and 12.56 MPa while the strain tests yield 14.24% and 18.51%, respectively. The maximum efficiency of the creatinine transport using the chitosan-alginate cross linked by PVA is 51.02% at 130 mg/L creatinine. This creatinine transport result using the PVA cross linking chitosan-alginate membrane are more efficient than chitosan-pectin membrane (25.24%) with the same creatinine concentration.Keywords: chitosan-alginate PVA membrane; creatinine; cross-link; synthesis; transportA B S T R A KPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai efisiensi transpor kreatinin menggunakan membran kitosan-alginat tertaut silang polivinil alkohol (PVA) 0,1% dengan konsentrasi kreatinin 70, 100 dan 130 mg/L. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah membran kitosan-alginat PVA, sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah pengaruh efisiensi transpor pada variasi konsentrasi kreatinin. Membran kitosan alginat (1:0,15) tertaut silang PVA 0,1% telah berhasil disintesis. Karakterisasi membran kitosan-alginat tertaut silang PVA diperoleh untuk spektra FTIR membran menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran serapan gugus amino dari kitosan dan gugus karboksil dari alginat pada puncak sekitar 1651 cm-1. Pada bilangan gelombang 3363,86 cm-1 terdapat serapan gugus –OH serta pada bilangan gelombang sekitar 1088 cm-1 dan 1265 cm-1 berasal dari gugus ester yang menunjukkan ikatan silang antara alginat dan PVA. Hasil uji serapan air pada membran kitosan-alginat PVA selama 6 jam mencapai rata-rata 257,76%. Hasil uji tarik membran sebelum dan setelah transpor masing-masing: 2,77 MPa dan 12,56 MPa dan untuk hasil uji regang membran sebelum dan setelah transpor masing-masing: 14,24% dan 18,51%. Efisiensi transpor kreatinin pada membran kitosan-alginat tertaut silang PVA mencapai efisiensi transpor maksimal pada konsentrasi 130 mg/L (51,02%). Efisiensi transpor kreatinin ini lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan menggunakan membran kitosan-pektin (25,24%) pada konsentrasi yang sama.Kata kunci: kreatinin; membran kitosan-alginat PVA; sintesis; taut silang; transpor
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Ardini, Dias, and Pudji Rahayu. "Studi Variasi Gelling Agent PVA (Propil Vinil Alkohol) pada Formulasi Masker Peel-Off Ekstrak Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) sebagai Anti Jerawat." Jurnal Kesehatan 10, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v10i2.1422.
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<p><span>Gel mask can increase skin moisture and enhance the effect of the main composition (Aloe vera L) as an anti-acne on the epithelial and that is the cause of occlusivity of the polymer layer formed. PVA formulation is used to give exfoliated effect because they have adhesive properties or can form films that are easily peeled off after drying. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) variations as a gelling agent (7%, 10%, 13% and 16%) on the physical properties of ethanol extract Aloe vera leaves skin gel mask included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, drying time and inhibition test against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research conducted is experimental. The design of this research is a one-shot case study. Evaluation results were analyzed using univariate analysis. For physical properties, frequency distribution and inhibitory tests were analyzed with Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Peel off gel mask is formulated with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The results showed that the peel-off gel mask of Aloe vera leaves ethanol extract have clear organoleptic properties, very weak alcohol flavor and 50% slightly thick and 25% thick and 25% very thick. 75% of mask preparations are homogeneous. Has a pH range of 5.95-6.2. The spreadability of 75% gel mask preparations are meet the requirements of mask masking and 75% meets the requirements of good drying time. All variations of the formula have an inhibition effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis and between training groups, no difference was understood.</span></p>
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Piluharto, Bambang, A. Sjaifullah, I. Rahmawati, and Erix Nurharianto. "Membran Blend Kitosan/Poli Vinil Alkohol (PVA): Pengaruh Komposisi material blend, pH, dan Konsentrasi bahan Pengikat Silang." Jurnal Kimia Riset 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v2i2.6195.
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AbstrakMembran blend biodegradabel dengan kestabilan termal dan mekanik yang berasal dari gabungan kitosan dan PVA telah dihasilkan melalui dua tahapan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan proses pelarutan kitosan dan poli vinil alkohol dan selanjutnya pencampuran kitosan/PVA dan asam oksalat sebagai agen pengikat silang. Asam asetat dan air dipilih sebagai pelarut untuk kitosan dan PVA. Beberapa variasi dalam proses seperti perbandingan konsentrasi kitosan:PVA, konsentrasi agen pengikat silang dan pH buffer, dijadikan sebagai parameter pada penelitian ini. Kerapatan hidrogel dan kuat tarik mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi agen pengikat silang dan PVA dengan konsentrasi kitosan paling rendah. Namun derajat swelling memiliki trend yang berbeda dimana naiknya derajat swelling diperoleh seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi kitosan dengan kondisi konsentrasi agen pengikat silang dan PVA paling rendah. Keberhasilan proses blending dan ikat silang ditunjukkan dari hasil spektra infra merah dimana analisa spektrum infra merah dari hidrogel kitosan murni dan hidrogel kitosan/PVA menunjukkan kenaikan intensitas serapan pada daerah amida (1600 cm-1 sampai 1670 cm-1), hal ini menguatkan dugaan terbentuknya ikatan silang antara asam oksalat sebagai crosslinker dengan kitosan. Kata kunci: membran blend, kitosan/PVA, asam oksalat, pengikat silang. AbstractBiodegradable blend membranes with thermal and mechanical stability based on combination of chitosan and PVA have been produced through two stages. In the first stage, chitosan and PVA are dissolved and further mixing chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol with oxalic acid as crosslinking agents. Acetic acid and water are selected as solvents for chitosan and PVA. Some variations in the process such as comparison of chitosan:PVA concentration, concentration of crosslinking agent and pH of buffer, are used as parameters in this study. The hydrogel density and tensile strength increased with increasing concentration of crosslinking agent and PVA with the lowest concentration of chitosan. However, the degree of swelling has a distinct trend in which the increase of degree of swelling is obtained along with the increase of chitosan concentration with the lowest concentration of crosslinking agent and PVA. The success of the blending and crosslinking process is shown by the results of infrared spectra where infrared spectrum analyzes from purified chitosan hydrogels and chitosan/chloride hydrogels show an increase in absorption intensity in the amide area (1600 cm-1 to 1670 cm-1), this reinforces the alleged crosslinking formation between oxalic acid as crosslinker and chitosan. Keywords: blend membrane, chitosan: PVA, crosslinker.
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Pouranvari, Sara, Firouz Ebrahimi, Gholamreza Javadi, and Bozorgmehr Maddah. "Chemical cross-linking of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers." Materiali in tehnologije 50, no. 5 (October 18, 2016): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2015.083.
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Ariyanti, Ariyanti, Eni Masruriati, and Laely Arlindya Wanti. "Stabilitas Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Buah Naga." Jurnal Farmasetis 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32583/farmasetis.v8i2.613.
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Tanaman buah yang berpotensi sebagai bahan obat adalah buah naga. Buah naga dapat mengobati berbagai macam penyakit diantaranya adalah penyeimbang kadar gula darah, pencegah kanker usus, perlindungan kesehatan mulut, pencegah pendarahan dan obat keluhan keputihan. Rancangan penelitian adalah the post test only design yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok uji dengan pemberian ekstrak gel buah naga dengan konsentrasi PVP 5%, 7,5% dan 10%. Masing-masing kelompok diuji stabilitas pada suhu 27oC dan 40oC di laboratorum STIKES Kendal. Hasil pengujian kemudaian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji anova. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan kondisi yang diinginkan dalam waktu sesingkat mungkin dengan cara menyimpan sediaan pada suhu 27oC dan 40oC. Uji fitokimia pada ekstrak buah naga menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, saponin. Sediaan gel buah naga mengandung saponin dan flavonoid. Pada uji stabilitas dengan basis polivinil alkohol pada suhu 270C dan tidak stabil pada suhu 400C pada uji homogenitas, elastisitas, pH, dan tidak stabil pada organoleptis, uji daya sebar dan waktu kering. Sediaan gel buah naga pada suhu 270C dan 400C pada uji organoleptis, homogenitas, elastisitas, pH yang paling stabil pada konsentrasi 10% pada suhu 27oC.
Kata kunci : gel ektrak buah naga, stabilitas penyimpanan
STABILITY OF HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS EXTRACT GEL FORMULATION
ABSTRACT
Fruit plants that have potential as medicinal ingredients are Hylocereus polyrhizus. H. polyrhizus can treat various diseases including balancing blood sugar levels, preventing colon cancer, protecting oral health, preventing bleeding and complaints of vaginal discharge.The study design was the post test only design which was divided into 3 groups. Test group by giving dragon fruit gel extract with PVP concentration of 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The results of the noise test were analyzed using anova test. The purpose of this study was to obtain the desired conditions in the shortest time possible by storing preparations at temperatures of 27oC and 40oC in Kendal STIKES laboratory. Phytochemical tests on dragon fruit extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins. H. polyrhizus gel preparations contain saponins and flavonoids. In the stability test on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol at 270C and unstable at 400C on the homogeneity, elasticity, pH, and unstable test on organoleptic, spreadability test and dry time. H. polyrhizus gel preparations at 270C and 400C at the organoleptic test, homogeneity, elasticity, and pH are the most stable at a concentration of 10% at 27oC. Keywords: hylocereus polyrhizus gel, storage stability
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Warsiki, Endang, Evi Savitri Iriani, and Randi Swandaru. "Physical characteristics of microwave assisted moulded foam from cassava starch-corn hominy." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 11, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.2.
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Biodegradable foam is a packaging material made from renewable resources which is very prospective to substitute synthetic polystyrene foam. Starch is now dominantly use as a promising material to produce this foam due to its superior characteristic and its availability. However, starch is preferable as food source thus it is important to looking for a material such as corn hominy to reduce its usage in biopolymer production. Corn hominy is a by-product of corn milling which has high content of starch and fiber. Its high fiber content could improve the strength of the foam. This research is aimed to formulate the composition of corn hominy and cassava starch to produce good quality of biodegradable foam. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is added for further better physical properties. The physical analysis showed that the composition of cassava starch and corn hominy feed has affected physical properties of biodegradable foam. Increasing the content of starch resulted on increasing of foam expansion. In contrast, the more starch content in the foam, the more brittle the foam will be. The best composition was given by ratio of 80 %-wt cassava starch and 20 %-wt corn hominy. The adding of PVOH affected the physical properties of less hardness and less brittle of the foam. Keywords: biodegradable foam, cassava starch, hominy feed, PVOH Abstrak Busa biodegradable merupakan bahan pengemas yang terbuat dari bahan nabati, ditujukan untuk subtitusi polistirena busa sintetik. Bio-polimer ini umumnya terbuat dari pati singkong karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah dan keunggulan sifat-sifat busa pati yang dihasilkan. Bagaimanapun, singkong adalah bahan pangan, sehingga bahan lain seperti ampok jagung perlu diujicobakan untuk mengurangi penggunaan singkong pada produksi bio-polymer ini. Ampok merupakan hasil samping dari penggilingan biji jagung. Kandungan serat ampok sangat tinggi dan diyakini dapat memperbaiki sifat fisis mekanis busa seperti meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan mengurangi kerapuhan busa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi komposisi pati singkong dan ampok jagung untuk memproduksi busa biodegradable berkualitas baik. Polivinil alkohol (PVOH) ditambahkan untuk membantu memperbaiki karakter fisik busa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio pati dan ampok mempengaruhi sifat fisik mekanis busa. Peningkatan kandungan pati dalam busa akan meningkatkan sifat rapuh bahan. Komposisi terbaik dihasilkan dari busa berbahan 80%-b pati dan 20 %-b ampok. Penambahan PVOH dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik busa dengan menurunkan kekerasan dan kerapuhan. Kata kunci: busa biodegradable, pati singkong, ampok jagung, PVOH
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Purnavita, Sari, Dyionisius Yoga Subandriyo, and Ayu Anggraeni. "Penambahan Gliserol terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Komposit Pati Aren dan Glukomanan." METANA 16, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/metana.v16i1.29977.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio glukomanan dan pati aren dengan penambahan gliserol terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang dihasilkan. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan mencampurkan larutan glukomanan dan larutan pati aren, selanjutnya dilakukan penambahan gliserol dan poli vinil alkohol. Campuran tersebut dipanaskan pada suhu 80°C selama 20 menit, hasil pencampuran kemudian dimasukkan cetakan dan dikeringkan dengan oven hingga menjadi lembaran, Selanjutnya bioplastik tersebut diuji karakteristiknya yang meliputi ketahanan air, tensile strength dan tensile elongation. Rasio glukomanan terhadap pati aren yaitu 1:0,5 ; 1:1 ; 1:1,5 ; dan 1:2 Serta jumlah penambahan gliserol yaitu : 0 ml dan 10 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai rasio glukomanan dan pati aren dengan penambahan gliserol berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik bioplastik. Pada penambahan gliserol 0 ml (tanpa gliserol), komposit bioplastik dengan perbandingan glukomanan : pati aren sebesar 1:1 menghasilkan nilai ketahanan terhadap air yang tertinggi , nilai tensile strength yang cukup tinggi, dan morfologi yang baik, tetapi nilai tensile elongation rendah. Sedangkan pada percobaan dengan penambahan gliserol 10 ml, komposit bioplastik dengan perbandingan glukomanan : pati aren sebesar 1:1 menghasilkan nilai tensile elongatiom yang tertinggi, morfologi bagus tetapi nilai tensile strength dan ketahanan airnya rendah. Aim of this research to determine the effect of glucomannan ratio and sugar palm starch with the addition of glycerol to the bioplastic characteristics. Making of bioplastics by mixing glucomannan solution and sugar palm starch solution, then addition of glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol. The mixture is heated at 80° C for 20 minutes, the result of mixing afer that put into a mold and dried in the oven until it becomes a sheet. After that, the characteristics of the bioplastics were tested which included water resistance, tensile strength and tensile elongation. The ratio of glucomannan to sugar palm starch is 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:1,5; and 1:2 And the amount of glycerol addition are: 0 ml and 10 ml. The results showed that the ratio of sugar palm starch and glucomannan with the addition of glycerol affected the bioplastic characteristics. At the addition of glycerol 0 ml, bioplastic composites with glucomane: palm starch ratio of 1:1 produce the highest water resistance value, high tensile strength value, and good morfology but low tensile elongation value. Whereas in experiments with the addition of 10 ml of glycerol, bioplastic composites with a glucomane: palm starch ratio of 1:1 produced the highest tensile elongatiom value and good morfology result but the value of tensile strength and water resistance was low
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Mohd Rusdi, Muhamad Khairul Nizam, Afiq Arif Aminuddin Jafry, Nur Farhanah Zulkifli, Farina Saffa Mohamad Samsamnun, Mohamad Badrol Hisyam Mahyuddin, SULAIMAN WADI HARUN, Mohd Shahnan Zainal Abidin, and Norazlina Saidin. "PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED YTTERBIUM-DOPED FIBER LASER EMPLOYING SAMARIUM OXIDE AS SATURABLE ABSORBER." IIUM Engineering Journal 22, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v22i1.1396.
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The rapid developments in transition metal dichalcogenide materials as a saturable absorber (SAs) have been demonstrated to be an effective method for generating Q-switched fiber laser. This work, reports on the generation of Q-switched fiber laser in the 1-micron region using samarium oxide (Sm2O3) saturable absorber (SA). The Sm2O3 thin film SA was fabricated in- The rapid developments in transition metal dichalcogenide materials as saturable absorbers (SAs) have been reported to be efficient materials for generating Q?switched fiber lasers. In this paper, we report on the use of samarium oxide (Sm2O3) saturable absorber (SA) for 1-micron Q-switched fiber laser generation. The Sm2O3 thin film SA was constructed in-house through which the Sm2O3 powder was mixed and stirred in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. It was then integrated into the ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) ring cavity, hence producing a sequence of Q-switched pulsed lasers at 1062.49 nm wavelength. The stable pulse train appeared from 69.97 to 111.1 kHz between the applied pump power of 57 mW to 96 mW. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 38.56 dB was recorded at the 57 mW pump power, whereas the pulse energy raised until 15.21 nJ at 96 mW. These results showed that the Sm2O3 could be a favourable SA material to iniatiate Q-switched ytterbium-doped pulsed fiber laser. ABSTRAK: Perkembangan pesat dalam bahan logam peralihan dichalcogenide sebagai bahan penyerap boleh larut (SAs) telah dilaporkan sebagai kaedah yang berkesan bagi menjana laser fiber Q-switched. Kajian ini menggunakan samarium oksida (Sm2O3) saturable absorber (SA) bagi menjana laser gentian Q-switched 1-Micron. Filem nipis Sm2O3 SA telah dihasilkan melalui campuran serbuk Sm2O3 ke dalam cecair polivinil alkohol (PVA) dalam persekitaran makmal. Kemudian, ia diintegrasi ke dalam rongga gelang laser gentian dop-ytterbium (YDFL), lalu menghasilkan denyut laser Q-switched stabil pada jarak gelombang 1062.49 nm. Denyutan stabil muncul dari 69.97 kepada 111.1 kHz pada kuasa pam yang dikenakan antara 57 mW hingga 96 mW. Nisbah isyarat-hinggar (SNR) pada 38.56 dB telah direkodkan pada pam kuasa 57 mW, sementara denyut tenaga ditingkatkan kepada 15.21 nJ pada 96 mW. Keputusan menunjukkan Sm2O3 merupakan bahan SA penggalak yang memuaskan bagi menjana denyut laser gentian dop-ytterbium Q-switched. house. It was integrated into the ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) ring cavity, hence producing a stable passively Q-switched laser operating at 1062.49 nm wavelength. Stable pulse train appeared from 69.97 to 111.1 kHz at the tunable pump power of 57 mW to 96 mW. The pulse energy of up to 15.21 nJ and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 38.56 dB for the fundamental frequency were recorded. The results showed that the Sm2O3 could be a favourable SA material for the broadband generation of Q-switched fiber laser.
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Kumar, Pawan, Sujit Kumar Sinha, and Subrata Ghosh. "Elastic Performance Coefficient and Recovery of Modified Polyester/Polyvinyl Alcohol Ring Spun Yarn." TEKSTILEC 57, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2014.57.264-272.
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Nowak, H. F., and L. Rejniak. "Wpływ alkoholu poliwinylowego na wzrost siewek Pisum sativum [The influence of polyvinylic alcohol on the growth of Pisum sativum seedlings]." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 27, no. 2 (2017): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1958.014.
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Schill, G., N. Zorger, AG Schreyer, P. Hoffstetter, C. Friedrich, and M. Lenhart. "Superselektive arterielle Embolisation mit flüssigen Polyvinyl-Alkohol-Kopolymeren (Onyx®) bei Patienten mit akuter gastrointestinaler Blutung." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 182, S 01 (March 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1253032.
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Utami, Budi, and Hendartini Hendartini. "Pengaruh Kadar Air Dan Jenis Plastisizer Terhadap Sifat Fisik Plastik Biodegradable Dari Campuran Pati Jagung Dan Polivinil Alkohol." Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan, February 14, 2019, 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4798.
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Recently the use of plastic packaging is become avoided because their waste will create environmental problem. As an alternative choice the use of biodegradable plastic packaging has been developed Research on biodegradable plastic has been carried out to study the effect of water content and kind of plasticizer on mechanical properties of the biodegradable plastic made from corn starch and polyvinyl alcohol. The result shows that water can increase the elongation of the plastic, but on the other hand it can decrease the tensile strength and barrier properties by increasing the water vapour transsmision rate. Therefore the use of water as a plasticizer must be mixed with other plasticizer such as glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol monostearate. In this study the best result is by using mixture of water andsorbitol with ratio = 5: I and the ratio of solid material (starch + PVOH +nucleating agent) and plasticizer = 1 : I.
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Uce Lestari, Yokhobet Ade Jesika, and Muhaimin. "Formulasi Masker Gel Peel Off Arang Aktif Dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit(Eleis Quinemis Jacq) Sebagai Pembersih Wajah Dengan Basis Polivinil Alkohol (Pva)." Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology (ST) 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/st.v2i2.505.
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Cangkang kelapa sawit adalah salah satu limbah yang dapat diolah menjadi arang aktif. Arang aktif adalah karbon yang telah diaktivasi sehingga karbon memiliki pori-pori dan area permukaan yang besar guna meningkatkan daya serap kotoran pada wajah sebagai pembersih wajah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari alternative aplikasi limbah cangkang kelapa sawit guna memberikan nilai tambah, arang aktif dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai masker pembersih wajah dalam bentuk gel peel off. Untuk membuat masker gel untuk kulit dapat menggunakan Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). PVA digunakan karena dapat membentuk lapisan elastis dan kuat ketika kontakdengankulit dan mudah mongering tanpa perlu adanya bahan aditif. Masker gel peel off arang aktif diuji stabilitas fisiknya. Evaluasi sifat fisik yang dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan organoleptik, pemeriksaan homogenitas, pemeriksaan pH, viskositas dan reologi, uji sebaran, uji waktu kering, uji iritasi, uji kesukaan, dan uji kondisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula ke-3 memiliki sifat fisik paling ideal dan lebih disukai oleh panelis. Efektivitas masker PVA-arang aktif diamati dengan menggunakan kamera digital yang menunjukkan struktur permukaan kulit lebih halus dan bersih setelah masker diaplikasikan dibandingkan dengan kulit yang tidak menggunakan masker.
Palm shell is one of the waste that can be processed into activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is a carbon that has been treated by activation so that the compound has pores and a very large surface area in order to increase the absorber power to the dirt on the face as a facial cleanser. The purpose of this research is to look for alternative utilization of waste into activated charcoal that can provide added value so it can be formed into a face cleansing mask in the form of peel off gel. To create gel masks made of skin containing such as Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). PVA is used because PVA will form an elastic and strong peel off coating to get in contact with the skin well and easily dry out without the help of other materials. Gel mask exfoliated activated charcoal tested its physical stability. Evaluation of physical properties performed is organoleptic examination, homogeneity examination, pH examination, viscosity and rheology, spreading test, dry time test, favorite test irritation test, and test conditional test. The results showed that the 3rd formula has the most ideal physical properties and preffered more by panelists, which then tested the effectiveness in the dirt net. The effectiveness is using a digital camera shows the structure of skin surfaces are smoother and cleaner after the mask was being applied compare to those skin where no mask applied.
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Abd. Aziz, Azila. "Quantitative Analysis Of Performance Of A Hydrogen Peroxide–Based Glucose Biosensor." Jurnal Teknologi, January 20, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v51.149.
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Satu biosensor glukosa separa telah dibina menggunakan satu lapisan dalaman yang selektif, satu lapisan enzim dan satu elektrod emas. Kedua–dua lapisan membran tersebut adalah berasaskan polivinil alcohol (PVA) tersambung silang. Prestasi biosensor glukosa tersebut telah dinilai terutamanya prestasi terhadap gangguan asetaminofen, yang merupakan molekul tak ionik. Sensitiviti enzim tersekat gerak tersebut terhadap glukosa adalah tinggi tetapi ianya tidak mencukupi untuk melawan gangguan asetaminofen. Kehadiran lapisan dalaman PVA yang hanya sederhana selektif tidak menyebabkan kesan yang ketara pada gangguan. Satu model matematik kemudiannya digunakan untuk menganalisis prestasi biosensor yang lengkap. Satu lapisan luar ditambah secara simulasi kepada dua lapisan terdahulu. Model matematik tersebut meramalkan bahawa penambahan satu lapisan luar yang mempunyai kebolehtelapan yang rendah terhadap bahan larut mampu memperbaiki prestasi sensor. Kata kunci: Biosensor glukosa; model matematik; asetaminofen; gangguan elektrokimia; polivinil alkohol tersambung silang A partial glucose biosensor was constructed using a selective internal layer, an enzyme layer and a gold electrode. Both membrane layers are based on cross–linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The performance of the partial glucose biosensor was analyzed particularly with respect to the interfering effects of acetaminophen, a non–ionic molecule. The sensitivity of the immobilized enzyme to glucose was high but it was not high enough to counter acetaminophen interference. The addition of the moderately selective PVA internal layer did not seem to have a significant effect on interference. A mathematical model was then used to analyze the performance of a completed biosensor. A simulated external layer was added to the two layers. The mathematical model predicted that the addition of an external layer with lowered permeability to solutes could improve the performance of the sensor. Key words: Glucose biosensor; mathematical modeling; acetaminophen; electrochemical interference; cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol
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Simbolon, S., and S. R. Susilowati. "LABORATORY-SCALE PRODUCTION OF ADU GELS BY EXTERNAL GELATION FOR AN INTERMEDIATE HTGR NUCLEAR." Urania Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/urania.2015.21.1.2254.
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LABORATORY-SCALE PRODUCTION OF ADU GELS BY EXTERNAL GELATION FOR AN INTERMEDIATE HTGR NUCLEAR. The The aim of this research is to produce thousands of microsphere ADU (Ammonium Diuranate) gels by using external gelation for an intermediate HTGR (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) nuclear fuel in laboratory-scale. Microsphere ADU gels were based on sol-solution which was made from a homogeneous mixture of ADUN (Acid Deficient Uranyl Nitrate) which was containing uranyl ion in high concentration, a water soluble organic compound PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) and THFA (Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol). The simple unified home made laboratory experimental machine was developed to replace test tube experiment method which was once used due to a tiny amount of microsphere ADU gels produced. It consists of four main parts: tank filled sol-solution connecting to peristaltic pump and vibrating nozzle, preliminary gelation and gelation column. The machine has successfully converted 150 mL sol-solution into thousands of drops which produced 120 - 130 drops in each minute in steady state in ammonia gas free sector. Preliminary gelation reaction was carried out in ammonia gas sector where drops react with ammonia gas in a bat an eye followed by gelation reaction in column containing ammonia solution 7 M. In ageing process, ADU gels were collected and submerged into a vessel containing ammonia solution which was shaken for 1 hour in a shaker device. Isopropyl alcohol (90%) solution was used to wash ADU gels and a digital camera was used to measured spherical form of ADU gels. Diameters in spherical spheroid form were found between 1.8 mm until 2.2 mm. The spherical purity of ADU gels were 10% - 20% others were oblate, prolate spheroid and microsphere which have hugetiny of dimples on the surface. PRODUKSI GEL ADU SKALA LABORATORIUM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GELASI EKSTERNAL UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR ANTARA HTGR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat ribuan gel bulat ADU (Ammonium Diuranate) dengan menggunakan gelasi ekternal untuk bahan bakar nuklir HTGR (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) menengah untuk skala laboratorium. Gel bulat ADU dibuat berbasis pada larutan-sol yang dibentuk dari campuran homogen ADUN (Acid Deficient Uranyl Nitrate) yang mengandung ion uranil dengan konsentrasi sangat tinggi, larutan PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) dan THFA (Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol). Perangkat laboratorium untuk eksperimen dikembangkan untuk menggantikan metode eksperimen tabung pengujian yang telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan sejumlah gel bulat ADU. Perangkat tersebut terdiri atas empat bagian utama: tangki yang berisi larutan-sol yang terhubung dengan pompa peristaltik dan nosel vibrasi, gelasi awal dan kolom gelasi. Perangkat tersebut telah berhasil mengubah 150 mL larutan-sol menjadi ribuan tetes dengan produksinya berkisar 120-130 tetesan tiap menit dengan kondisi tunak dalam sektor yang bebas gas ammonia. Reaksi awal gelasi dilakukan di sektor gas ammonia dimana tetesan bereaksi dengan gas amonia yang diikuti dengan reaksi gelasi di dalam kolom yang mengandung larutan ammonia 7 M. Dalam proses penuaan, gel ADU ditampung dan direndam dengan larutan ammonia yang digoyang selama 1 jam. Larutan isopropyl alkohol (90%) digunakan untuk mencuci gel ADU dan kamera digital digunakan untuk mengukur kebulatan gel ADU. Diameter dari bentuk bulat bola berkisar antara 1.8 mm hingga 2.2 mm. kebulatan gel ADU selama produksi berkisar 10% - 20%, selain itu berbentuk bola oblate, prolate dan ada cekungan pada permukaan.