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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyvinyl chloride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ismailova, Kh J. "Processes and Importance of Producing Polyvinyl Chloride Based on Monomer." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 5, no. 4 (2025): 23–25. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume05issue04-05.

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The article examines the production of polyvinyl chloride cables and electrical wires, artificial leather, hoses, packaging materials, and insulating materials for linoleum. Polyvinyl chloride is used to protect reservoirs, tanks, chemical equipment, and pipelines from the effects of chlorine, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acids.

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2

KUROSE, KEISUKE, TETSUJI OKUDA, SATOSHI NAKAI, TSUNG-YUEH TSAI, WATARU NISHIJIMA, and MITSUMASA OKADA. "HYDROPHILIZATION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE SURFACE BY OZONATION." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 06 (2008): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08011986.

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The surface modification mechanism of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by ozonation was investigated to study the selective hydrophilization of PVC surface among other plastics. Infrared analysis confirmed the increase of hydrophilic groups. XPS analysis revealed that the increase was due to the structural change in chlorine group in PVC to hydroxylic acid, ketone, and carboxylic groups by ozonation. This chemical reaction by ozone could occur only for polymers with chlorides in its structure and resulted in the selective hydrophilization of PVC among various polymers.

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3

SAKAI, Yasushi. "Polyvinyl Chloride." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 80, no. 8 (2007): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.80.309.

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4

Horikawa, Sanae, Yoshifumi Takai, Hiroichi Ukei, Naoto Azuma, and Akifumi Ueno. "Chlorine gas recovery from polyvinyl chloride." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 51, no. 1-2 (1999): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2370(99)00015-7.

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5

Nizamov, Rashit, and Lyailya Abdullovna Abdrakhmanova. "Influence of Fillers on Polyvinyl Chloride Materials Thermal Resistance." Materials Science Forum 871 (September 2016): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.871.84.

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Innovative materials and structures are analyzed in this paper. Multicomponent formulation of polyvinyl chloride materials containing various functional additives requires assessment of their influence on polymer stability while processing and operating. According to the nature, particulate fillers widely used in plasticized and liquid compositions based on polyvinyl chloride may have different impact on thermal resistance of materials. This paper presents the study of organic and nonorganic dispersed waist as filler in polyvinyl chloride formulation and determines key parameters of their infl

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6

Fadhil, Marwa, Emad Yousif, Dina S. Ahmed, et al. "Synthesis of New Norfloxacin–Tin Complexes to Mitigate the Effect of Ultraviolet-Visible Irradiation in Polyvinyl Chloride Films." Polymers 14, no. 14 (2022): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142812.

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Polyvinyl chloride is used in the manufacturing of a wide range of products, but it is susceptible to degradation if exposed to high temperatures and sunlight. There is therefore a need to continuously explore the design, synthesis, and application of new and improved additives to reduce the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride in harsh environments and for outdoor applications. This research investigates the use of new norfloxacin–tin complexes as additives to inhibit the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride to make it last longer. Reactions between norfloxacin and substituted tin chlorid

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7

Shaglaeva, N. S., V. V. Bayandin, R. G. Sultangareev, G. F. Prozorova, T. I. Vakul’skaya, and S. S. Khutsishvili. "Sulfurization polyvinyl chloride." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 86, no. 4 (2013): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427213040290.

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8

Park, Geoffrey S. "Polyvinyl chloride degradation." Polymer Degradation and Stability 15, no. 3 (1986): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(86)90056-x.

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9

Gilbert, M. "Polyvinyl chloride degradation." Chemical Engineering Journal 34, no. 2 (1987): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9467(87)87008-9.

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10

Hay, J. N. "Polyvinyl chloride degradation." Polymer 28, no. 7 (1987): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(87)90279-5.

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11

Allen, N. S. "Polyvinyl chloride degradation." Polymer Photochemistry 7, no. 5 (1986): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90010-2.

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12

Peer, Michael, Burkhard Berninger, Alexander Hofmann, and Thomas Fehn. "Chemical recycling of PVC-containing plastic waste for recycling of critical metals." Detritus, no. 26 (2024): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2024.18360.

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Chemical recycling of polyvinyl chloride containing plastic waste to recover critical metals is a promising way to solve two important problems (polyvinyl chloride disposal and critical metal recovery) in waste management and is being transferred on a larger scale in the “CHM-Technology” project. Various polyvinyl chloride containing plastic wastes were pyrolyzed to generate a hydrogen chloride rich vapor. This hydrogen chloride rich vapor is used in a second step to chlorinate indium in liquid crystal displays. Indium chloride has a lower boiling point than indium-tin-oxide and evaporates. Th

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13

Lo, King H., Akira Miyase, and Su Su Wang. "Failure strength predictions for closed-cell polyvinyl chloride foams." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 30 (2018): 4185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318777049.

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This paper describes an effort to model mechanical strength of closed-cell polyvinyl chloride foams under static loading. The study presented here is a continuation of an earlier study to model elastic stiffness of closed-cell polyvinyl chloride foams as effective transversely isotropic materials. An engineering approach is used in the study and governing equations are developed for predicting the strength of polyvinyl chloride foams. To account for foam microstructure and cell-shape anisotropy on foam strength, a unit cell representation of the polyvinyl chloride foam microstructure is used t

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14

Wang, Guang, Sixian Liu, Hongqiang Zhang, Jingsong Wang, and Qingguo Xue. "Pulverization of Waste Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Film by Low Temperature Heat Treatment and Properties of Pulverized Product for Blast Furnace Injection as Alternative Fuel." Polymers 14, no. 9 (2022): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091689.

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Recycling of waste plastics is of great significance for human society. The pulverization of waste film plastics is a key technical link in the development of collaborative utilization of waste plastics in the steel industry. In this study, waste polyvinyl chloride film plastics were first heated at different temperatures; then the de-chlorination ratio pulverization and the properties of the pulverized products closely related to blast furnace injection, such as powdery properties, combustion and explosiveness, were further analyzed. The weight loss ratio increased significantly with an incre

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15

Bayandin, V. V., N. S. Shaglaeva, T. A. Podgorbunskaya, N. D. Lukyanov, N. V. Minaev, and С. С. Makarov. "IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of industrial polyvinyl chloride suspension." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (2020): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2020-10-3-529-535.

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In terms of the contemporary plastic industry, world production of polyvinyl chloride is second only to polyolefins. Recyclable by almost all known methods, polyvinyl chloride offers high strength, good insulating properties, as well as resistance to acids, oxidising agents and solvents. At the same time, the ability to process polyvinyl chloride into products is limited by its lack of stability at high melt viscosity temperatures, since hydrogen chloride released during its heating catalyses further process of polymer decomposition. Thus, due to the softening temperature of polyvinyl chloride

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16

Chuvileva, Vera, and Vsevolod Skvortsov. "Chronic intoxication with vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride in a paramedic's practice." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2007-11.

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Chronic intoxication with vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride in industrial conditions is an extremely relevant occupational condition caused by the high production of this material and severe long-term intoxication consequences. The nervous system is mostly affected, which results in the clinical pattern of chronic intoxication with vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. However, in addition to the neurotoxic effect, vinyl chloride and its derivatives have immunotoxic, embryotoxic and carcinogenic effects. This necessitates timely and effective primary and secondary prevention and treatment

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17

Leow, Michael EL, Alphonsus KS Chong, Yeong-Pin Peng, and Robert WH Pho. "Fitting very short finger stumps with silicone prosthesis: A nonsurgical method." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 37, no. 5 (2013): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612469386.

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Background and Aim: The fitting of short finger stumps with silicone prosthesis is a challenge because of the suboptimal finger–prosthesis contact due to length and distal tapering of digital stumps. The purpose of this report was to describe and evaluate the Micropore™–polyvinyl chloride tube technique for fitting short finger stumps. Technique: For a total of 10 patients, short finger stumps were fitted using the technique. A short length of polyvinyl chloride tube, trimmed and contoured to fit, was secured on the distal stump tip with Micropore tape. The prosthesis was worn over the polyvin

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18

Rickards, J., and E. P. Zironi. "Chlorine loss from polyvinyl chloride under proton bombardment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 56-57 (May 1991): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(91)95004-w.

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19

Shaglaeva, N. S., R. T. Sultangareev, E. A. Zabanova, O. V. Lebedeva, and K. S. Trofimova. "Nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms in polyvinyl chloride." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 81, no. 1 (2008): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427208010291.

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20

Torres, L. M., João F. Silva, António Torres Marques, João Pedro Nunes, and Rogerio P. Marques. "Glass/Polyvinyl Chloride Composites." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.214.

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This paper summarizes the results obtained in the use of plastisols of vinyl chloride homopolymer (PVC), obtained by the process of emulsion polymerization, as thermoplastic matrix in the production of composite pipes and in pipe repairing. Two processing techniques commonly used with thermosetting matrices were studied: filament winding and hand lay up. The produced composite structures of PVC reinforced with glass fibres were subsequently subjected to tests in order to determine their mechanical properties. This paper concludes that it is possible to use the described technique for piping re

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21

Xu, W. B., Z. F. Zhou, M. L. Ge, and W. P. Pan. "Polyvinyl chloride/ montmorillonite nanocomposites." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 78, no. 1 (2004): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jtan.0000042157.96074.44.

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22

Kucherenko, А., О. Nikitchuk, M. Kuznetsova, and V. Moravskyi. "Peculiarities of metallization of polyvinyl chloride granules." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 4, no. 2 (2021): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2021.02.173.

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The results of experimental studies of copper plating of polyvinyl chloride granules in a chemical precipitation solution are presented. The influence of the surface area of polyvinyl chloride granules on the kinetic regularities of copper reduction and the copper content on metallized granules has been studied. It is established that the surface area of polyvinyl chloride granules has a significant effect on the rate of reduction of copper ions and does not affect the amount of reduced copper. The thickness of the layer of the obtained copper shell on polyvinyl chloride granules of different

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23

Dedov, A. V., and N. V. Chernousova. "Extraction of the stabilizer from rigid and plasticized PVC." Plasticheskie massy, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2020): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2020-1-2-19-20.

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The eﬃciency of the developed model for predicting the kinetics of the stabilizer extraction from rigid and plasticized polyvinyl chloride was assessed. The model shows high eﬃciency in the predicting the kinetics of the stabilizer extraction from rigid polyvinyl chloride. The extraction of the stabilizer from the plasticized polyvinyl chloride proceeds in two stages and the kinetic dependences do not obey the model equation.

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24

Musaev, Sayfullo, and Gulnoz Samiyeva. "Study of the morphology of shoe sole composites based on domestic suspension polyvinyl chloride and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339005018.

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The paper studies the surface morphology of the initial polymers and the mixture using a scanning electron microscope SEM - EVO MA 10 (Zeiss, Germany). The X-ray phase analysis was carried out on a Panalytical Empyrean diffractometer. It has been proven that polymer mixtures based on domestic suspension polyvinyl chloride and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, obtained by the method of "thermomechanical" mixing, are two-phase systems consisting of a phase of polyvinyl chloride and an ethylene- vinyl acetate copolymer. It was concluded that suspension polyvinyl chloride is fundamental in this sy

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25

Katruk, Diana, Volodymyr Levytskyi, Ulyana Khromyak, Volodymyr Moravskyi, and Andrii Masyuk. "Physicochemical Principles of Synthesis and Modification of Unsaturated Polyester-Polyvinyl Chloride Composites and the Properties of Materials Derived from Them." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (March 25, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2547384.

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The influence of the polymeric modifier of polyvinyl chloride on the structuring of unsaturated polyester resins has been investigated. It is established that the introduction of 2–5 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride into a polyester composite accelerates the process of gelation and shortens the time of microgelation of the polyester. The influence of polyvinyl chloride on the structure coefficient, surface hardness, and strength of adhesive bonds and technological shrinkage of modified polyester composites has been revealed.

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26

Hussain, Hussain Ali. "Effect of Nuclear radiation on polyvinyl chloride." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 3, no. 4 (2013): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v3i4.538.

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Charge particle effect have been work out on Polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ) and Nitrate cellulose (CN-85) , this effect have been find out and compared together ( PVC and CN-85 ) , by using optical density technique , this work for this polyvinyl chloride , have been done for the first time .Polyvinyl chloride used in this work, shows more response and more linearity than CN-85, in respond to alpha particle in dose range between 6 mGy to 19 mGy.

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27

Das, Rajesha K., Omdeo K. Gohatre, Manoranjan Biswal, Smita Mohanty, and SK Nayak. "Influence of non-metallic parts of waste printed circuit boards on the properties of plasticised polyvinyl chloride recycled from the waste wire." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 6 (2019): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19836725.

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Extreme complexity in the range of metallic and non-metallic parts present in waste printed circuit boards leads to incineration for collecting valuable metals. The non-metallic parts of the printed circuit board can be used effectively without affecting the environment. In this study, the non-metallic parts of the printed circuit board, which is made up by cross-linked resin and fibre, was used as a filler in recycled plasticised polyvinyl chloride collected from waste wires and cables. The properties of the plasticised polyvinyl chloride matrix and plasticised polyvinyl chloride–non-metallic

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28

Vaisman, Ya I., A. A. Ketov, V. N. Korotaev, and M. P. Krasnovskikh. "On the Environmental Hazard of Burning Organic Waste in the Presence of Chlorine Compounds." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 9 (2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-9-14-17.

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The problems of formation of toxic chlororganic compounds during waste incineration in the presence of organic and inorganic chlorine compounds are considered. It is shown that the radical mechanism of pyrolysis leads to different products with different composition of the initial substances. It was found that the greatest environmental danger is the joint burning of chlororganic and aromatic compounds. When burning polyvinyl chloride together with other polymeric materials, especially the aromatic structure, not only light chlororganic compounds are formed, but also highly toxic carbonyl chlo

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29

Alekseenko, V. V., A. B. Gonzhitov, and S. P. Bugdaev. "Influence of composition on physical and mechanical properties of modified PVC." Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost 14, no. 1 (2024): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2024-1-20-29.

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The present article aims to create polyvinyl chloride composites used in polymer hoses, to study their composition, as well as physical and mechanical characteristics. Polyvinyl chloride is a waterinsoluble material, resistant to weak acids, alkalis, alcohols, and mineral oils. The main characteristics limiting the use of flexible polymer hoses include elasticity at low temperatures and bending resistance at positive temperatures. Hose flexibility is determined by the properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride together with its ultimate elongation at break and thickness. To study the propert

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30

Goaiz, Hussam A., Tao Yu, and Muhammad NS Hadi. "Behaviour of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer-confined hollow circular concrete columns with inner polyvinyl chloride tube." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 8 (2018): 1120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217717110.

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Existing studies have shown that the use of an inner tube can significantly enhance the effectiveness of confinement in fibre-reinforced polymer-confined hollow columns. The inner tube used in the existing studies, however, generally had a large stiffness and also served as longitudinal reinforcement. The use of a stiff inner tube is inefficient in resisting bending for hollow columns with a relatively small void and may be unnecessary for constraining the inner surface of concrete. Against this background, this article presents the first experimental study on fibre-reinforced polymer-confined

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31

Thabet, Ahmed, and Mohamed Fouad. "Experimental and simulation analysis for insulation deterioration and partial discharge currents in nanocomposites of power cables." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (2024): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1194-1202.

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Partial discharge (PD) has a well-established relationship with the lifespan of power cables. This paper has been treated the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with specified nanoparticles for enhancing dielectric degradation and reducing partial discharge current to extending lifespan of power cables. It has been succeeded to creation new polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites that have been synthesized experimentally via using solution-gel (SOL-GEL) technique and have high featured electric and dielectric properties. The validation of nanoparticles penetration inside polyvinyl chloride during synthesis pr

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32

Ahmed, Thabet, and Fouad Mohamed. "Experimental and simulation analysis for insulation deterioration and partial discharge currents in nanocomposites of power cables." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (2024): 1194–202. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1194-1202.

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Partial discharge (PD) has a well-established relationship with the lifespan of power cables. This paper has been treated the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with specified nanoparticles for enhancing dielectric degradation and reducing partial discharge current to extending lifespan of power cables. It has been succeeded to creation new polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites that have been synthesized experimentally via using solution-gel (SOL-GEL) technique and have high featured electric and dielectric properties. The validation of nanoparticles penetration inside polyvinyl chloride during synthesis pr

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33

Gao, Shu-zhi, Xiao-feng Wu, Gui-cheng Wang, Jie-sheng Wang, and Zi-qing Chai. "Fault Diagnosis Method on Polyvinyl Chloride Polymerization Process Based on Dynamic Kernel Principal Component and Fisher Discriminant Analysis Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7263285.

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In view of the fact that the production process of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization has more fault types and its type is complex, a fault diagnosis algorithm based on the hybrid Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analysis-Fisher Discriminant Analysis (DKPCA-FDA) method is proposed in this paper. Kernel principal component analysis and Dynamic Kernel Principal Component Analysis are used for fault diagnosis of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymerization process, while Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) method was adopted to make failure data for further separation. The simulation results sho

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34

KAWAMURA, Yoko, Chieko TAGAI, Tamae MAEHARA, and Takashi YAMADA. "Additives in Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyvinylidene Chloride Products." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 40, no. 4 (1999): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.40.4_274.

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35

Lakeev, S. N., I. O. Maydanova, R. F. Mullakhmetov, and O. V. Davydova. "Ester plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 89, no. 1 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427216010018.

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36

Szende, Bela. "Polyvinyl-Chloride-Induced Lung Disease." Indoor and Built Environment 3, no. 4 (1994): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463563.

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37

Neogi, Anupam, and Nilanjan Mitra. "Shock compression of polyvinyl chloride." Journal of Applied Physics 119, no. 16 (2016): 165903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947524.

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38

Szende, Bela. "Polyvinyl-Chloride-Induced Lung Disease." Indoor Environment 3, no. 4 (1994): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9400300411.

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39

ENOMOTO, Heiji, Atsushi HATAKEYAMA, and Yoshishige KATO. "Dechlorination Treatment of Polyvinyl Chloride." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 6, no. 1 (1995): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.6.16.

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40

Sadieva, N. F., S. A. Iskenderova, E. B. Zeinalov, and B. K. Agaev. "New Plasticisers for Polyvinyl Chloride." International Polymer Science and Technology 39, no. 6 (2012): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1203900610.

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41

Abdel-Goad, Mahmoud A.-Halim. "Waste polyvinyl chloride-modified bitumen." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 3 (2006): 1501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22623.

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42

GALBAN, Javier, Susana de MARCOS, Juan C. VIDAL, Carmelo DIAZ, and Jose AZNAREZ. "Fluorometric determination of cadmium in polyvinyl chloride stabilizers and polyvinyl chloride in nonaqueous media." Analytical Sciences 6, no. 2 (1990): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.6.187.

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43

Polaskova, Martina, Tomas Sedlacek, Zdenek Polasek, and Petr Filip. "Modification of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites for Radiographic Detection of Polyvinyl Chloride Retained Surgical Items." Polymers 15, no. 3 (2023): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030587.

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The ever-present risk of surgical items being retained represents a real medical peril for the patient and potential liability issues for medical staff. Radiofrequency scanning technology is a very good means to substantially reduce such accidents. Radiolucent medical-grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for the production of medical items is filled with radiopaque agents to enable X-ray visibility. The present study proves the suitability of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) and documents its advantages over the classical radiopaque agent barium sulfate (BaSO4). An addition of BiOCl exhibits excelle

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44

Dessain, Edison C., and Dennis Anderson. "A Study of the Interaction of Phthalate Esters with Chlorine-Containing Polymers." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 1 (1992): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924444281.

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The infrared spectra of blends of various ortho-phthalate esters with polyvinyl chloride) and vinylidene chloride/(20%)acrylonitrile copolymer were recorded. The data indicate that the lowering of the ester carbonyl absorption frequency is due to a dipole-dipole/complex type interaction between the carbonyl of the ester and the chlorine of the polymer in addition to hydrogen bonding with acidic hydrogens. The lowering of the absorption frequence increases with an increase in the amount of chlorine in the polymer chain.

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45

Bezanson, Gregory, Susan Burbridge, David Haldane, and Thomas Marrie. "In situ colonization of polyvinyl chloride, brass, and copper by Legionella pneumophila." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (1992): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-055.

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A sampling device (Robbins device) was used to expose brass, copper, and polyvinyl chloride plugs to potable water contaminated by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Plugs were removed at approximately 1-week intervals and cultured. The colonization rates were polyvinyl chloride, 70; copper, 31; and brass, 25%. Quantitative cultures revealed that polyvinyl chloride was most heavily colonized, whereas brass was least colonized. We conclude that materials used in plumbing systems are readily colonized by Legionella and that the Robbins device provides a means for testing such materials in an in

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46

Qiu, Zhongyong, and Chunju He. "Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane by Dissolution-Inducing Pore Methods." Membranes 12, no. 5 (2022): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050463.

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Plasma leakage limits the development of polypropylene membranes as oxygenated membranes. Here, a new method named the dissolution-induced pore method was adapted to prepare polypropylene hollow fiber membranes: after polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride were melt-blended and extruded, the polyvinyl chloride was removed by N, N-dimethylacetamide to obtain a porous polypropylene membrane material. The variation of membranes has been explored in detail with respect to the influence of different parameters on the flux and mechanical properties of membranes and the feasibility of the polyvinyl chl

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47

Qiu, Zhongyong, and Chunju He. "Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane by Dissolution-Inducing Pore Methods." Membranes 12, no. 5 (2022): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050463.

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Plasma leakage limits the development of polypropylene membranes as oxygenated membranes. Here, a new method named the dissolution-induced pore method was adapted to prepare polypropylene hollow fiber membranes: after polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride were melt-blended and extruded, the polyvinyl chloride was removed by N, N-dimethylacetamide to obtain a porous polypropylene membrane material. The variation of membranes has been explored in detail with respect to the influence of different parameters on the flux and mechanical properties of membranes and the feasibility of the polyvinyl chl

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48

Najjar, Abduel Majid K., Rashid S. R. Ltayef, Fahima N. Abudher, and Mohamed A. Elmelah. "Systematic Study to Convert Polyvinyl Chloride Waste into Commercial Chemicals." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, no. 6 (2014): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.545.

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49

Nuriddinova, Dilfuza, Farkhod Yusupov, and Bobomurod Xursandov. "Study of the properties of sulfonic cation exchanger." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126401025.

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In this research work, we have firstly synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger based on local raw materials. It was firstly created syntheses methodology of the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger and determined syntheses reaction parameters. It was first investigated that thermodynamics of synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger: kinetics, sorption isotherms, change of thermodynamics function (Gibbs energy, Entropy, and Entalpy). DFT calculation of synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger: energy difference between

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50

Mao, Ding, Qianli Yang, Xiong Zhang, and Yi Cheng. "UV-Enhanced Gas-Solid Chlorination of Polyvinyl Chloride for Cleaner Production of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride." Chemical Engineering & Technology 39, no. 5 (2016): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201500716.

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