Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polyvinyls – chemistry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polyvinyls – chemistry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Polyvinyls – chemistry"

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Yu, Xinliang, Xueye Wang, Jinwei Gao, Xiaobing Li, and Hanlu Wang. "QSPR studies of polyvinyls by density functional theory." Polymer 46, no. 22 (October 2005): 9443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.039.

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Popoola, Oludele O., and Waltraud M. Kriven. "Interfacial structure and chemistry in a ceramic/polymer composite material." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 6 (June 1992): 1545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1545.

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The microstructure and microchemistry of ceramic/polymer interfaces in a calcium aluminate/polyvinyl alcohol composite material have been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Interfaces consisted of an amorphous interphase layer, inside of which were dispersed metastably retained CaAl2O5 · 8H2O crystallites. The amorphous phase was a mixture of the hydration products of calcium aluminate and aluminum–crosslinked, polyvinyl alcohol. The crystalline hydration product CaAl2O5 · 8H2O was metastably retained due to polymer poisoning of nucleation sites and significant reduction of conversion kinetics.
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Zhong, Jiawei, Yunpeng Xu, and Zhongmin Liu. "Heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination: progress, challenges, and opportunities." Green Chemistry 20, no. 11 (2018): 2412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc00768c.

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The replacement of mercuric chloride with non-mercury catalysts in acetylene hydrochlorination for the production of a vinyl chloride monomer, a precursor to polyvinyl chloride, would meet the requirements of green chemistry and have a great significance in the industrial field.
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Jenisová, Zita, and Jana Braniša. "Scientific experiment focused at pigment degradation by polyvinyl chloride combustion in Science education." Journal of Technology and Science Education 9, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.480.

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The Environmental education navigates students towards environmentally friendly life style and securing a quality of life. The implementation of cross-section topics, including the Environmental education, into science classes, is possible through a variety of techniques. One of the least used methods is a real school experiment. The following paper presents the experiment, by which we simulate the combustion of PVC and observe the impact of combustion products on plants via UV-Vis spectrophotometry optical method. This method is suitable for qualification and analysis of vegetable pigments, i.e. chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. The experiment is integrated into the Techniques and Didactics of School Chemistry Experiments as a part of master degree course, which prepares students for the Chemistry teaching profession. The introduced experiment enables pedagogues to integrate the environmental education into teaching process and develop mathematical and science literacy of students in the Chemistry education.
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Мошнинова, Т. М. "Организация научно-исследовательской работы школьников по теме «Поливинилацетат»." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 70, no. 2 (2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-02-2021-42.

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The article deals with the organization of research work on the subject of chemistry on the topic "Polymers" studied in the 9th grade on the basis of the textbook of O. S. Gabrielyan.This paper describes the importance of research work in school. The topics of research works for students on the topic "polyvinyl Acetate"are presented.
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Sabourian, Parinaz, Masoud Frounchi, and Susan Dadbin. "Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone biomedical foams crosslinked by gamma irradiation." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 4 (May 31, 2016): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16652106.

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Foams for biomedical applications were made from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol / polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend and their nanocomposites with nanoclay by clean processes. Air was entrapped into the aqueous polymer solutions during vigorous mixing and then the solutions were freeze-dried. The foams structure was stabilized by crosslinking via gamma irradiation without using any harmful chemicals. The hydrophilic biocompatible foams possessed interconnected open cell structure with remarkable capacity to absorb and retain water. The foams in wet state were soft and flexible. Desirable pore structure and higher water absorption was obtained at a solution concentration of 5 wt% for both polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol / polyvinyl pyrrolidone foams and also for the nanocomposite foams. The polyvinyl alcohol / polyvinyl pyrrolidone foams at a composition of 80/20 had a uniform porous structure. Addition of 20 wt% polyvinyl pyrrolidone increased the size and interconnectivity of the cell structure and rendered more flexible foams than the neat polyvinyl alcohol. Also the nanoclay, in the nanocomposite foams, elevated pore population through generation of more air bubbles during aqueous polymer solution mixing.
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Zhu, Dong Yu, Guang Sheng Cao, Wen Lian Qiu, Min Zhi Rong, and Ming Qiu Zhang. "Self-healing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based on microencapsulated nucleophilic thiol-click chemistry." Polymer 69 (July 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.052.

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Khoshkbar Sadeghi, Alireza, and Maryam Farbodi. "Preparation of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite and characterization of its mechanical and antibacterial properties." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, no. 5 (September 25, 2018): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2016-0329.

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AbstractIn the present research, polyaniline is used as a conducting polymer and polyvinyl alcohol is also used as a biopolymer, because of its mechanical properties and suitable processability. Also, silver nanoparticles are considered as a reinforcing agent of thermal stability, mechanical and antibacterial properties to prepare polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite. The synthesis of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol composite and polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite is performed through addition of polyaniline and silver in polyvinyl alcohol solution. In order to review thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of synthesized composite and nanocomposites, components with different weight rates are used. The obtained results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests also indicate promotion of thermal stability of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite compared with pure polyvinyl alcohol in temperatures above 400°C. The results of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of polyaniline, polyvinyl alcohol and silver in the structure of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver triple nanocomposite film. The obtained results from a review of antibacterial properties showed that polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposites have antibacterial effects on two different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The obtained results from a review of mechanical properties of nanocomposites showed that the greatest value of tensile strength (13.8 MPa) belonged to polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver (88%/9%/3% w/w) nanocomposites. Therefore, this is determined as an optimal triple nanocomposite. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system was used to characterize the composition and structure of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite film.
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Zhu, Hong, and Dongmei Wang. "Study on buffering characteristics of expanded polyvinyl alcohol influenced by temperature and humidity." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16670584.

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Expanded polyvinyl alcohol is regarded as excellent buffering and leak-proof packaging material of liquid products due to its characteristics such as good liquid absorption and liquid retention properties, good mechanical properties under dry condition, and good rebound resilience under wet condition. Through static compression experiment, this study analyzed the mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of expanded polyvinyl alcohol with different densities under different temperatures and relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the effect of ambient temperature and humidity on expanded polyvinyl alcohol performance was mainly to change its internal moisture. The initial elastic modulus, plateau stress, and energy absorption value per unit volume of expanded polyvinyl alcohol increased as the density increased, the relative humidity decreased, or temperature increased. The above research can provide reference for applications of expanded polyvinyl alcohol on buffering packaging in actual logistic environment.
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Tan, L. S., A. J. McHugh, M. A. Gülgün, and W. M. Kriven. "Evolution of mechano-chemistry and microstructure of a calcium aluminate-polymer composite: Part II. Mixing rate effects." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 7 (July 1996): 1739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0218.

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Microstructure, microchemistry and mechanical properties of hardened macro-defect-free (MDF) composites processed at various rotor rates in a Banbury mixer were investigated. A quiescently formed calcium aluminate-polyvinyl alcohol composite served as a substitute for an unmixed system. Results from the Banbury studies in conjunction with microchemical analysis of the unmixed composite showed evidence that the polymer-particle interaction is a mechanically induced crosslinking reaction. The rate of the mechano-chemistry increases with mixing speeds. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of hardened composites mixed for 15 min at 30, 50, 100, and 200 rpm indicate that much of the mechanical strength of MDF is due to the crosslinked interphase zones that blanket the cement grains. Stresses in the paste due to mixing can destroy the interphase layer, leading to a weaker hardened composite. Microchemical analysis revealed that the mechano-chemistry of the system did not vary with changes in the mixing conditions studied.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyvinyls – chemistry"

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VARCA, GUSTAVO H. C. "Desenvolvimento de hidrogel nanoestruturado contendo complexo de papaína e ciclodextrina." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28051.

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Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-23T11:17:22Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T11:17:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A papaína é uma enzima proteolítica empregada no debridamento e cicatrização de feridas. Contudo, problemas de estabilidade na forma farmacêutica, bem como reações alérgicas reportadas por pacientes submetidos à tratamentos com a enzima, culminaram na restrição aos produtos contendo papaína para uso tópico por órgãos regulatórios internacionais. Este trabalho objetivou desenvolver hidrogel nanoestruturado contendo complexo de papaína e ciclodextrina visando obter forma farmacêutica estável e eficaz como curativo dérmico, com redução da resposta imunológica. A síntese do hidrogel foi realizada combinando fenômenos de cristalização e/ou reticulação e esterilização simultânea induzida por radiação gama, de modo a promover nanoestruturação adequada da membrana para veiculação da papaína nativa e do complexo. O complexo e o produto final tiveram suas propriedades biológicas e físico-químicas avaliadas. O hidrogel a base de PVA contendo complexo de papaína-ciclodextrina apresentou características adequadas para aplicação como curativo, além de apresentar indícios de redução na resposta imunológica e melhora na citocompatibilidade quando comparado à papaína nativa, isso devido ao encapsulamento molecular com a ciclodextrina e à alta retenção do complexo por parte da matriz. Por outro lado, a irradiação, não alterou o perfil citotóxico da enzima, mas acarretou leve diminuição em seu potencial imunogênico. O hidrogel se mostrou promissor para uso como curativo e demonstrou potencial redução nas reações adversas desencadeadas pelo uso da papaína.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
FAPESP:10/10935-9
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Trieu, Hai Hong. "The processing/structure/property relationships of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1058540388.

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Grant, J. "Ferrocene containing smoke suppressants and flame retardants for semi rigid polyvinyl chloride." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317038.

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Hussain, Arif. "Adsorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol on Nano-Cellulose Fibers." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6720.

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Nano-cellulose fibers/suspension has very high viscosity, its viscosity has to be lower before it can be applied in the paper coating recipe. For this purpose the adsorption behaviour of polyvinyl alcohol on nano-cellulose fibers were investigated using method developed by Zwick in 1960, based on the formation of PVA-iodide blue complex in the presence of boric acid. The experiments showed that the maximum adsorbed amount i.e. 0.13 g PVA/g NFC was obtained in a dispersion with 0.2 % PVA concentration. It should be possible to further increase the PVA adsorption as the adsorbed amount didn’t reach a saturation point where the PVA adsorption attained a constant value. It was also found that adsorption of PVA on NFC is time dependent. The absorbance measurement after four days of mixing PVA/NFC suspension showed only partially adsorption of PVA on nano-cellulose surface.  An equilibrium time of 10-13 days was needed for PVA to fully adsorb on nano-cellulose fibers surface. Another important observation was that PVA adsorption also depends on the concentration of nano-cellulose fibers. A lower concentration of NFC easily allows PVA to adsorb on its surface, as compared to higher NFC concentration. An important finding during the methodology development was the method to get rid of formation of flocs in the blue iodide complex solution; by slowly addition of reactants, especially the KI/I2 solution under continuous stirring around 60oC the tendency to flocs formation was suppressed.
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Pringle, Carla. "Single bubble-electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18009.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Needle-electrospinning is an uncomplicated and highly versatile nanofiber (fiber diameter of 50 to 500 nm) production technique. Nevertheless the process can only produce 0.01 to 1.0 g/h/m2 of nanofibers, unpractical for large-scale productions. Bubble-electrospinning, in the presence of surfactants, is a novel nanofiber mass-production technique developed at Stellenbosch University.[1] The technique is similar to needle-electrospinning only that the surface area of a bubble surpasses that of a solution droplet, making it possible for multiple jets to form on the bubble surface at high field strengths. Thus far little research has been done on the influence of solution properties on the bubble-electrospinning technique. During electrospinning the solution experiences three competing forces, namely, surface tension (contracting force), charge repulsion (expanding force), and viscosity (resistance to flow). The first aim of this study was to obtain better understanding on the influence of three significant solution properties (viscosity, conductivity and surface tension) on bubble-electrospinning in terms of bubble lifetime, bubble size, average number of jets and the resultant fibers. The solution properties were varied using a range of polymer and surfactant concentrations. A second aim was to obtain better understanding on the comparison of the bubble-electrospinning process between two polymer solutions, namely Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) solutions containing sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) surfactant, and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions containing silicone surfactant. Results indicated that the solution viscosity and conductivity increased with increasing polymer concentrations for both polymer solutions. In addition, both the solution surface tensions were not influenced by polymer concentration. With regards to bubble-electrospinning of PVOH solutions, results indicated that the average number of jets per bubble was influenced by the polymer concentration. Regarding PAN solutions, bubble lifetime and the average number of jets was influenced by polymer concentration. Results indicated that the solution viscosity increased and surface tension decreased with increasing surfactant concentration for both polymer solutions. PVOH solution conductivity increased whilst PAN solution conductivity decreased with increasing surfactant concentrations. With regards to bubble-electrospinning of PVOH solutions, the bubble lifetime and bubble size was significantly influenced by the SLES concentration. Regarding PAN solutions, the silicone surfactant concentration had no significant effect on the bubble-electrospinning process. Overall, PVOH fiber diameters decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. There was no common trend between the bubble-electrospinning of PVOH and PAN solutions in relation to their solution properties. It was concluded that solution viscosity, conductivity and surface tension are not the only significant contributing parameters to the bubble-electrospinning process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die naald-elektrospinproses is 'n eenvoudige, hoogsaanpasbare tegniek wat gebruik word vir die maak van nanovesels. Nanovesels het tipies 'n deursnee van 50nm tot 500nm. Ongelukkig is dit onprakties vir grootskaalse produksie omdat die uitset daarvan beperk is tot 0.01 tot 1.0 g/h/m2. Die borrel-elektrospinproses, waar elektrospinstrale gespin word vanaf die oppervlak van borrels op die oppervlak van die spinoplossing en waar die borrels gestabiliseer is m.b.v. sepe, is 'n nuwe tegniek wat ontwikkel is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. [1]. Die tegniek is soortgelyk aan die naald-elektrospinproses in dié sin dat die elektrospinstraal vorm vanaf 'n gelaaide halfsfeervormige oppervlak in die spinoplossing, maar die aansienlik groter oppervlakarea van die borrel in die borrel-elektrospinproses maak dit moontlik om verskeie elektrospinstrale gelyktydig op die oppervlak van die borrel te onderhou. Dit lei tot baie hoër doeltreffendheid in die saamgroeppering van die strale en gevolglik tot hoër nanoveseluitsette. Tot dusver is daar weinig navorsing aangaande die invloed van oplossingseienskappe op die borrel- elektrospintegniek gedoen. Tydens die elektrospinproses ervaar die oplossing drie kompeterende kragte, naamlik: oppervlakspanning (sametrekkende krag), elektrostatiese afstoting (afstotende krag) en viskositeit (vertragende effek op vloei van die oplossing). Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie navorsing was om 'n beter begrip te kry van die invloed van drie gemete oplossingswaardes, d.w.s. viskositeit, elektriese geleidingsvermoë en oppervlakspanning op die borrel-elektrospinproses. Die impak van hierde waardes is spesifiek geëvalueer in terme van borrellewensduur, borrelgrootte, gemiddelde hoeveelheid elektrospinstrale per borrel en die morfologie van die vesels wat in die proses gevorm is. Die tweede doelwit van die studie was om 'n vergelyking te tref tussen die mees optimale oplossingswaardes in die borrel-elektrospinproses van twee baie uiteenlopende polimeerspinoplossings, naamlik polivinielalkohol (PVOH), met natrium dodesieletersulfaat (SLES) as die borrelstabiliserende seep en poliakrilonitriel (PAN) oplossing, met 'n silikoonseep as die borrelstabiliserende seep. Resultate het getoon dat die viskositeit en elektriese geleidingsvermoë toeneem met toename in polimeerkonsentrasie vir beide PVOH- en PAN-oplossings. Verder is oppervlakspanning in beide gevalle nie beduidend beïnvloed deur die polimeerkonsentrasie nie. In die geval van die borrel-elektrospin van die PVOH-oplossings het resultate daarop gedui dat die gemiddelde aantal elektrospinstrale per borrel moontlik beïnvloed kon word deur die polimeerkonsentrasie. In die geval van borrel-elektrospin van PAN-oplossing is bevind dat polimeerkonsentrasie die borrelleeftyd en die gemiddelde aantal elektrospinstrale per borrel beïnvloed. Resultate het ook getoon dat die viskositeit vermeerder en die oppervlakspanning afneem met toename in die konsentrasie van die sepe in beide die polimeeroplossings. Die PVOH-oplossing se elektriese geleidingsvermoë het vermeerder terwyl dit verminder in die geval van die PAN-oplossings met 'n toename in die seepkonsentrasie. Tydens borrel-elektrospin van die PVOH-oplossings is beide borrelleeftyd en borrelgrootte beduidend beïnvloed deur die SLES konsentrasie. By die borrel-elektrospin van PAN-oplossings het die silikoonseepkonsentrasie nie 'n beduidende invloed gehad op die borrelleeftyd en borrelgrootte nie. Oor die algemeen het die gemiddelde PVOH veseldeursnee afgeneem met toename in seepkonsentrasie. Geen algemene tendens kon waargeneem word tussen die optimale oplossingswaardes vir borrel-elektrospin van die PVOH- en die PAN-oplossings onderskeidelik nie. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die viskositeit, elektriese geleidingsvermoë en oppervlakspanning nie die enigste beduidende waardes is wat bepaal of die borrel-elektrospinproses sal werk vir 'n spesifieke polimeeroplossing nie.
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Zhai, Yuxin. "Spectroscopic Evaluation of the CO2 Adsorption Properties on Amine Functionalized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Silica Sorbents." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1397665897.

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Pötzsch, Robert, Brian C. Stahl, Hartmut Komber, Craig J. Hawker, and Brigitte I. Voit. "High refractive index polyvinylsulfide materials prepared by selective radical mono-addition thiol–yne chemistry." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36422.

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We report on a new framework for preparing high-refractive index polymeric materials which combines the selective thiol radical mono-addition to phenyl-acetylene derivatives with hyperbranched architectures. Using this strategy we have synthesized a series of linear and hyperbranched polyvinyl sulfide (PVS) materials, employing different dithiol (A₂ and A'₂) and di- and trialkyne (B and B₃) monomers. The process requires only a simple radical initiator, such as AIBN, in lieu of expensive or toxic catalysts and this chemistry produces polymers in high yield (up to 96%) and high molecular weight (up to 123 000 g mol⁻¹). The polymers are optically transparent, thermally stable (up to 420 °C) and readily form highquality films. The end group composition of the hyperbranched materials can be easily adjusted by changing the A₂/B₃ feed ratio. The sulfur incorporation and conjugation resulting from thiol–yne coupling with selective mono-addition results in materials with high refractive indices in the visible and IR region (nD = 1.68–1.75) and optical dispersions as low as 0.004. Moreover, we demonstrate that the hyperbranched architecture produces materials with better performance in terms of light reflection and chromatic dispersion compared to linear structures.
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Switzer, Jackson Reeves. "Three applications of green chemistry in engineering: (1) silylamines as reversible ionic liquids for carbon dioxide capture; (2) carbon dioxide as protecting group in chemical syntheses; (3) mitigating the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52173.

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Green chemistry principles served as a guide for three industrially-relevant projects. In the first project, silylamines were applied as reversible ionic liquids for carbon dioxide capture from post-combustion flue gas streams. The effect of silylamine structure was thoroughly researched to develop a comprehensive library of silylamines and an accompanying set of structure-property relationships. The proposed solvent systems have the potential to present significant energy savings, as design has focused on their use in a non-aqueous, solvent-free environment. The second project also dealt extensively with carbon dioxide capture, as a reversible, in-situ protecting group for amines. Three strategies for the reversible protection of amines using carbon dioxide were developed and evaluated. Further, a chemoselective reaction was performed using carbon dioxide to protect a reactive amine and consequentially direct reactivity elsewhere within the same molecule. The carbon dioxide-protection technology developed has significant impact in multi-step industrial syntheses, as reversible, in-situ protection with carbon dioxide could eliminate the need for separate protection and deprotection unit operations. Lastly, a study was performed on the thermal degradation and stabilization of PVC in the presence of both plasticizers and thermal stabilizers. The study combined both model compound experiments as well as work with bulk PVC blends to gain a holistic understanding of the processes that take place during the degradation and stabilization of PVC. A bio-based plasticizer was investigated as a replacement for petroleum-based phthalate plasticizers. Additionally, two novel thermal stabilizers for PVC were presented and evaluated.
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Young, Cara. "The Influence of PVAP on the Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Itraconazole Produced using Hot Melt Extrusion Technology." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/248641.

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Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ph.D.
The purpose of this study was to improve the melt extrusion processability of polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP) and investigate its use as a stabilizing polymer for supersaturated solutions of itraconazole (ITZ) in neutral pH aqueous media and in the solid-state during storage over time. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVPVA) was incorporated into PVAP as a carrier matrix with the aim of lowering the melt viscosity and increasing the plasticity of PVAP while maintaining its high glass transition temperature (Tg). Amorphous solid dispersions of ITZ (40% w/w) in a 30:70% w/w PVAP:PVPVA mixture were produced by melt extrusion. Solid-state analyses of the composition were performed using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Dissolution analysis was conducted using a pH-change method. Solid-state analyses demonstrated that the extruded composition was entirely amorphous and ITZ was largely distributed in PVAP- and PVPVA-rich portions of the ternary dispersion. Dissolution analysis revealed that PVAP functioned to prolong the release of supersaturated levels of ITZ from the dispersion following an acidic-to-neutral pH transition. In the solid state, ITZ remained in its amorphous form throughout 6 months of storage. The results of this study suggest that substantial improvements in melt extrusion with PVAP can be achieved by incorporating PVPVA and that the PVAP-PVPVA polymer combination can stabilize amorphous ITZ.
Temple University--Theses
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Chirowodza, Helen. "Synthesis and characterization of cationically and anionically modified poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibrils." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2184.

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Thesis (MSc (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
In papermaking, the addition of filler can be detrimental to the properties of the resulting paper hence the use of additives that enhance paper properties are of paramount importance. Syndiotacticity rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microfibrils were prepared for use as filler retention aids. They were prepared via in situ fibrillation during the saponification of high molecular weight poly(vinyl pivalate). The resulting fibers had high thermal stability and crystalline melting temperature. They were not fully soluble in water even at 100 oC. In order to make them less water resistant the syndiotacticity of the PVA microfibrils was varied by copolymerizing vinyl pivalate with vinyl acetate and saponifying the resultant copolymer. It was observed that changes in syndiotacticity had a significant effect on the crystallinity, morphology and thermal properties of the resultant PVA. The surfaces of the fibers were modified by first crosslinking using glyoxal (a dialdehyde), and then attaching cationic and anionic groups by grafting and by carboxymethylation. Crosslinking prior to modification was beneficial in minimizing the solubility of the fibers in the aqueous media in which they were modified. Heterogeneous modification techniques were employed so that fiber properties could be preserved. Carboxymethylation was carried out using the two step Williamson’s ether synthesis. The first step involves the formation of a highly reactive alkoxide by the reaction of PVA with a strong base and the second its etherification using a functional alkyl halide. Poly(methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and poly(acrylic acid) were grafted from the PVA microfibrils using the KPS/Na2S2O3 redox initiation system. Grafting was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out on both modified and unmodified PVA microfibrils. The results showed that crosslinking resulted in an enhancement of the thermal properties of the microfibrils. A decline in the onset temperature for thermal degradation and crystalline melting temperature were observed, and were attributed to the modification of the PVA microfibrils.
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Books on the topic "Polyvinyls – chemistry"

1

Minsker, K. S. Chemistry of chlorine-containing polymers: Syntheses, degradation, stabilization. Huntington, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2000., 2000.

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Hans, Gaensslen, and Sordo Magdalena, eds. Polyvinylchloride: Environmental aspects of a common plastic. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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Karl S. Minsker. Edited by Guennadi E. Zaikov and K. S. Minsker. Chemistry of Chlorine-Containing Polymers: Syntheses, Degradation, Stabilization. Nova Science Publishers, 1999.

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Davis, H. T., Edited by: H. J. Arpe, and W. Gerhartz. Plastics, Properties and Testing to Polyvinyl Compounds, Volume A21, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition. 5th ed. Wiley-VCH, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polyvinyls – chemistry"

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Peacock, Andrew J., and Allison Calhoun. "Polyvinyl Chloride." In Polymer Chemistry, 325–38. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446433434.022.

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Deanin, Rudolph D., Sujal S. Rawal, Nikhil A. Shah, and Jan-Chan Huang. "Polyblends of Polyvinyl Chloride with Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers." In Advances in Chemistry, 403–13. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1989-0222.ch020.

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Bentrad, Najla. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE), Polychloroprene Rubber (CR)—Chemistry, Applications and Ecological Impacts—II." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials, 53–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_4.

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Oberoi, Shelley, and Monika Malik. "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE), Polychloroprene Rubber (CR)—Chemistry, Applications and Ecological Impacts—I." In Ecological and Health Effects of Building Materials, 33–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_3.

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Iles, Alastair, Abigail Martin, and Christine Meisner Rosen. "Undoing Chemical Industry Lock-ins: Polyvinyl Chloride and Green Chemistry." In Ethics of Chemistry, 279–316. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811233548_0011.

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"Kinetics of Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol." In Key Technologies in Polymer Chemistry, 287–308. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18033-34.

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"Antioxidant Activity of Some Isobornylphenol Derivatives at the Destruction of Polyvinyl Chloride." In Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 125–38. Apple Academic Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17413-18.

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Zimin, Yu, G. Kutlugildina, and D. Zinnatullina. "Kinetics of Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol by Ozone in Aqueous Solutions." In Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 3–12. Apple Academic Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19842-3.

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"Kinetics of Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol by Ozone in Aqueous Solutions." In Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 23–32. Apple Academic Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19842-7.

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"A Study on the Influence of γ-Al 2O3 on Polyvinyl Chloride–Poly (Butyl Methacrylate) Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes." In Physical Chemistry for Engineering and Applied Sciences, 191–220. Toronto ; Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, [2018] | Series:: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315109725-19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polyvinyls – chemistry"

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Sarip, Muhamad Naiman, Mohammad Faiz Hadi Mohd Noor, Zuliahani Ahmad, Norlin Shuhaime, Rozana Mohd Dahan, Adillah Nurashikin Arshad, and Wan Izhan Nawawi Wan Ismail. "Conductivity study of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP)-KOH coatings system." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2018 - MATERIAL CHEMISTRY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066978.

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Haryono, Agus, Evi Triwulandari, and Pingping Jiang. "Interaction between vegetable oil based plasticizer molecules and polyvinyl chloride, and their plasticization effect." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ISAC) 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973172.

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Kurniawan, Muhammad Arsyik, Nadjib Mubaroq, Sulis Nuke T., Yanti Apriani, and M. Saleh Zamzamie. "Composites films conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide with electrical properties." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5065048.

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Yeni, Yeni, Anisa Selfiana, Wiwit Nurjanah, and Muhammad Arsyik Kurniawan. "Preparation and arachnicide of polyvinyl alcohol/starch/ginger oils composite films." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5065061.

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M, WAFAA. "Coordination Chemistry of Cu II with Polyvinyl alcohol PVA and Some Amino acids and DNA." In Fourth International Conference On Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Engineering - ASEE 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-068-2-09.

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Lekshmi, O., Anoop Chandran, Runcy Wilson, Reenu Elizabeth John, and Issac Paul. "Development of highly stable carbon nanotube incorporated polyvinyl alcohol composite films for EMI shielding applications." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS: NCPCM2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0061402.

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Laksmono, J. A., I. M. Pratiwi, M. Sudibandriyo, A. Haryono, and A. H. Saputra. "Kinetic studies of adsorption in the bioethanol dehydration using polyvinyl alcohol, zeolite and activated carbon as adsorbent." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011933.

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Joshi, Aruna, G. S. Mukherjee, M. Banerjee, Mukul Gupta, and Aakanksha Choudhary. "Structural and magnetic study of ion beam sputtered iron thin film on polyvinyl alcohol." In PROF. DINESH VARSHNEY MEMORIAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS: NCPCM 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098730.

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Krisanti, Elsa Anisa, Talitha Zada Gofara, Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim, and Kamarza Mulia. "Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) hydrogel formulation with freeze-thaw method for anti-tuberculosis drugs extended release." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0063175.

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Ceylan, M., and R. Asmatulu. "Enhancing the Superhydrophobic Behavior of Electrospun Fibers via Graphene Addition and Heat Treatment." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40257.

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Abstract:
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers incorporated with graphene nanoflakes were produced using electrospinning technique, and then superhydrohobicity of the electrospun nanofibers were investigated as a function of inclusion and temperature. In the absence of graphene, water contact angle of the fibers is below 140°; however, the water contact angle values of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% graphene in fibers become 142, 152, 165 and 166°, respectively. Using a heat treatment, the contact angle values of samples also increase up to glass transition temperature of PVC. This indicates that graphene inclusions in the polymeric fibers and temperature drastically change the surface morphology and chemistry, which results in higher contact angles. The reason behind this phenomena may be the formation of smaller nanosized graphene bumps on the fiber surface that make the contact area between the droplet and the fiber extremely small. As a result, this process minimizes attractive forces between the water molecules and surface atoms of the rough nanocomposite fibers to bead up and rolls off.
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Reports on the topic "Polyvinyls – chemistry"

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Oji, L. N. Oxidative mineralization and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol for compatibility with tank farm processing chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752185.

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