Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pomaks

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pomaks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pomaks"

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Muratova, Nurie. "First Steps to Change Names (Ribnovo, 1953)." Balkanistic Forum 33, no. 1 (2024): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i1.8.

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Passportization of the Pomak population in the village of Ribnovo in 1953 has a violent character particularly visible in two directions: the im-position of compulsory, Bulgarian ethnicity and restriction of the right to free religion.Changing the passports of the Pomaks was resisted because they opposed their enrollment as "Bulgarians" without mentioning their differ-ent region, and against the photographing of women. One of the first villages was Ribnovo, where resistance to the introduction of new per-sonal documents began. In the following years, this village became the center of the resistance against the communist authorities in their attempt to change the Turkish names of Pomaks (1964). The very act of passportization in the Pomaks can be seen as a prelude to the later change of their names to Bulgarian names.
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Ivanova, Diana. "Problems of Identity and Mutual Interference of the Language Code of the Wedding Ceremony of the Pomaks and Turks of the Xanthi Region in Greece." Slovene 12, no. 1 (2023): 258–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.07.

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This article examines the linguistic landscape of the Rhodopes in the Xanthi region, namely the symbiosis of Slavic, Turkish and Greek culture. The analysis of dialect narratives from Pomak and Turkish villages (Xanthi region, Greece) had the following objectives: 1) to clarify the identity of the cultural code of the wedding ceremony of the Pomaks and Turks; 2) to determine the correlation between the cultural and linguistic code features of the wedding ceremony of both communities; 3) to determine the degree of the incorporation of borrowings from contact languages into each of the idioms of the Pomaks and Turks; 4) to establish the degree of usage of L2 by both communities. The conclusion is made about the strong linguistic and cultural influence of the Turkish community on the Pomak ethno-religious group, about the tendency to improve the speech in L2 of both groups, as well as about the effectiveness of the analysis used to identificate the position of the Pomak and Turkish communities on the ethnolinguistic map of the Balkan Peninsula.
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Kayapanar, Ayshe. ""Poor Pomaks"." Balkanistic Forum 28, no. 2 (2019): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v28i2.25.

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The present work represents a translation of a brochure named “Poor Pomaks” from Ottoman Turkish to Bulgarian. This brochure gives very interesting information about the forced conversion in Christianity of the Pomaks in 1913. Printed in the publishing house "Hayriye and its associates", the only surviving copy of the brochure is preserved in the archive of the Ottoman Bank in Istanbul. There are a number of brochures printed by this publishing house. Between the years 1912-1915, 4 brochures with the similar topics were published. The brochure “Poor Pomaks” is the fourth one. The author of the “Poor Pomaks” brochure is not known. The brochure consists of 29 pages. The first 8 pages of the text contains the author's opinion about Bulgarians and Turkish-Bulgarian relations. In the other twenty-two pages, the author gives a place for stories about the torture and cruelty experienced by 150,000 Pomaks who were subjected to forced conversion in 1913. The important thing in this account, which is a valuable source of conversion, is that it testifies to real-world events, villages, and sacrifices. The territorial coverage of the conversion in the regions with numerous Pomaks populations and mainly the villages of today's Plovdiv, Smolyan, Pazardzhik, Kardzhali and Blagoevgrad regions in Bulgaria and the northern parts of Western Thrace in Greece are clearly outlined. The last two pages of the brochure include a letter and an epilogue. In the epilogue, the author makes a critical assessment of the behavior of the big states and of the Balkan allies during the Balkan War. Two photos are also featured in the brochure, one of which has a great historical value because it is one of the few preserved to our day authentic photographs of the victims and the baptists.
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Emen-Gökatalay, Gözde. "From Religious to Ethnic Minorities: The Cultural and Social Integration of Pomaks into Post-Ottoman Turkey." Migration Letters 20, no. 1 (2023): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v20i1.2875.

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This article traces the cultural and social integration of Pomaks into post-Ottoman Turkey and the controversy over their ‘Turkishness’. Current scholarship on early republican nationalism is particularly interested in the importance of the imperial legacy in nation-building in the early republic period. Scholars discuss that the Ottoman legacy of the millet system was vital to the formation of Turkish identity because the republican elites continued to accept Muslim immigrants from the Balkans due to their Islamic background. A closer analysis of primary sources with a focus on Pomak-speaking immigrants, however, reveals not only the challenges that their cultural assimilation posed for the government but also competing versions of Turkishness within intellectual and political circles. This article argues for a complex understanding of relations between immigration and nationalism, which shows that the public acceptance of Pomaks as Turks depended on domestic factors, such as linguistic nationalism and security concerns.
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Georgieva, Tsvetana. "Pomaks: Muslim Bulgarians." Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 12, no. 3 (2001): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596410120065868.

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Klimova, Ksenia A., and Elena S. Uzeneva. "Language Policy and Language Situation in Dynamics: Pomaks of Northern Greece." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 66 (2022): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-148-160.

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The paper comes up with a synchronous-diachronic analysis of the linguistic situation in one of the isolated cultural and linguistic enclaves of the Balkan Peninsula: the district of Xanthi in the region of Thrace in Northern Greece, on the Bulgarian-Greek border. Here, in a remote mountainous area, live Muslim Slavs, ethnic Bulgarians, representing a minority ethnolinguistic and cultural-confessional group that has existed for a long time in a foreign language and other religious environment among Orthodox Greeks. In the historical past, this community formed a single whole with the Muslim Bulgarians who now live within the boundaries of the Republic of Bulgaria. This minority is the object of the language and cultural policy of three states: Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria. Note that the Greek authorities for a long time 1920s–1990s (excluding the period of Bulgarian rule in 1941–1944) pursued a policy of de-Bulgarization of this population. As a result, today the degree of its Turkicization (due to the influence of Islam, the study of the Koran in Turkish and the active position of Turkey) is quite high. It should be noted that the Bulgarian-speaking communities in Northern Greece are not the object of the Bulgarian language policy, which is carried out by disinterested officials and politicians who ignore the opinions and assessments of Bulgarian dialectologists and sociolinguists. The study focuses on ethnonyms and exonyms as important factors in the formation of the Pomaks' linguistic identity: the self-name of the speakers of these dialects is Pomaks, Ahryans. The ethnonym Pomaks was introduced and continues to be actively used to discuss the new Greek policy towards the Bulgarian-speaking population of Greece; the linguonym Pomaks was also formed from it. Earlier in Greece, the term Slavophones ('speakers of the Slavic language') was used, cf. new pomakophones. In the 90s of the 20th century and early 21th century a number of scientists (V. Friedman, A. D. Dulichenko, A. Ioannidou, K. Voss, M. Nomati, M. Henzelmann, K. Steinke) considered Pomak to be one of the literary microlanguages of the southern Slavia, noting that it is characterized by the diversity of the script used and poor functionality. There were appropriate grounds for this (codification, publication of dictionaries and grammar, textbooks, etc.). But the impetus for the “creation” of the literary language of the Pomaks was the political task of the country's leadership. At present, Pomak (Southern Rodhopian, Bulgarian) dialects in Greece have an unwritten character (they are used exclusively for oral communication in the family and village, microsociety). Despite the presence of certain signs of the formation of the literary language among the Pomaks, the modern language situation and language policy do not contribute to its existence and functioning. We rely on both published sources and our own field materials collected during two ethnolinguistic expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019, as well as online in 2021, and will try to present preliminary results of the study of the current state of the language and language policy. Let us note the importance of modern interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the phenomenon of intercultural communication, which are based on the dialogue of languages and cultures, and which necessitated the description of new linguistic conditions and consideration of the importance of not so much Greek as Turkish as a means of intra — and interethnic communication in the specific genre.
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Dobrev, Petar. "„Dopóki nie odrzucimy wszystkich śladów niewolnictwa”. Repetycyjność polityki państwa bułgarskiego wobec Pomaków." Bracia, wrogowie, renegaci. Słowiańszczyzna i muzułmanie na Bałkanach w xix i xx w. 150, no. 2 (2023): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.23.020.17957.

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“Until we discard all traces of slavery.” Repetitiveness of the Bulgarian State’s Policy towards the Pomaks The new Bulgarian state, which reappeared on the map of Europe in 1878, was inhabited by a multiethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural population. The unification of the national structure was treated as an important task being faced by the authorities in Sofia. Part of this demographic mosaic were Pomaks – Bulgarian-speaking Muslims whose number in the country increased after the Balkan War. Compared to the policies of other Balkan countries, Bulgaria had a relatively tolerant attitude towards Muslims, who were mostly Turks. The Pomaks were perceived by the state as Bulgarians who had cut themselves off from their ancestors. This attitude led to repeated waves of state repression throughout the 20th century, including the period of socialism. The article attempts to trace actions taken by the Bulgarian state to separate Pomaks from the Muslim tradition, which – although unsuccessful – left serious wounds in the historical memory of both Christians and Muslims.
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Manova, Maria. "On some recent Pomak writing activities in Greece: ethno-cultural context and linguistic peculiarities." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2011): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.17.

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Despite numerous attempts at codifying their language, the Pomaks in Greece, a linguistic as well as religious minority, do not generally put into writing this variety, which is considered to be a Bulgarian dialect. Up until about fifteen years ago, there was an absence of any kind of lexicographic tradition. The grammars, dictionaries etc. that appeared in Greece in the mid-1990’s can be classified as “external” codifications, since most of them were made by the majority. Over the last few years, however, an increasing minority-activism has changed the situation somewhat. Some writing has begun to emerge from the community, but the variety is still far from fitting the criteria for micro-literacy, the codification of which is difficult due to the different idiolectal varieties of the language actors, which are far away from a uniform orthographical norm as well as an alphabet. However, the publications in the minority language are seen as evidence of cultural emancipation and linguistic vitality. This article deals with the issues of language and literacy among the Pomaks in Greece and presents a case study of the ethno-linguistic orientation of the currently most productive Pomak language activist’s writings.
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Mangalakova, Tanya. "Les Pomaks ou Bulgares musulmans." Hommes et Migrations 1275, no. 1 (2008): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/homig.2008.4781.

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Turan, Ömer. "Pomaks, their past and present." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 19, no. 1 (1999): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602009908716425.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pomaks"

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Karagiannis, Evangelos. "Flexibilität und Definitionsvielfalt pomakischer Marginalität /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40243418j.

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Horti, Elena. "Pomaks : les cultures locales, facteur de cohésion des peuples." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010557.

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La Thrace a fait partie, depuis des temps mythiques, du territoire et de l'histoire helléniques. En 1886 sa partie Nord fut attribuée à la Bulgarie, sa partie Est à la Turquie en 1923, seule la partie occidentale reste aujourd'hui Grecque. Les Pornaks, peuple autochtone des monts Rhodope, massif montagneux de cette région, sont actuellement partagés entre la Grèce et la Bulgarie. Leur identité religieuse musulmane est utilisée par les appareils étatiques des pays tiers comme moyen de pression pour éradiquer leur identité ethnique. Leurs particularités culturelles se trouvent de la sorte bâillonnées et ils assimilent progressivement des concepts qui leurs sont étrangers. Cette situation semble présenter un certain danger pour le maintien d'une cohabitation harmonieuse des différents groupes confessionnels, ethniques ou culturels qui peuplent la région. L'histoire, la culture et le quotidien des Pomaks mettent en évidence, d'une part les problèmes que pose cette région des Balkans, d'autre part les moyens modernes de la soumission comme l'éducation, civique ou religieuse, la paupérisation et le "matraquage" médiatique. La mondialisation de l'économie de marché, par une menace réelle de dislocations des identités. Met en péril l'équilibre, déjà très fragile, de la cohésion social des nations. Seuls la consolidation des cultures locales et l'échange dans le respect mutuel, permettrait alors d'envisager la possibilité pour les peuples, de continuer à vivre ensemble.
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Michael, Domna. "Educational disadvantage, triligualism and social change: the Pomaks of Greek Thrace." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417612.

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Bodourova, Diiana. "Positionnements subjectifs, mise en scène discursive et pluralité langagière dans les Rhodopes de l'Est (Bulgarie) : approches sociolinguistiques." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H065.

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Selon la thèse officiellement retenue par les institutions et les scientifiques bulgares, les Pomaks sont des Bulgares qui pour la plupart ont été forcés à se convertir à l'islam, durant la période de domination ottomane entre le XlVe et le XIXe siècles. Parce qu'ils se placent dans un entre-deux, entre la majorité bulgare chrétienne avec laquelle ils ont en commun la langue et la minorité turque musulmane avec laquelle ils partagent la religion, les Pomaks ont, tout au long du siècle dernier, été l'objet de politiques nationalistes, ambivalentes et controversées, des gouvernements successifs, de l'Église orthodoxe mais aussi des représentants d'une organisation pomaque nommée Rodina (Poduna, Patrie). Ils font actuellement l'objet de politiques européennes à visée ethnicisante qui cherchent à les catégoriser en tant que minorité nationale. Cette recherche présente une analyse croisée entre les discours institutionnels, politiques, médiatiques et religieux bulgares et européens, d'une part et, les discours des habitants du village rhodopien, Kondovo, recueillis lors de longs séjours sur le terrain d'enquête, d'autre part. Elle s'inscrit dans une approche d'anthropologie des pratiques langagières permettant de rendre compte des enchâssements discursifs entre perspectives macro et micro, globale et locale. Aux discours extérieurs qui tendent à homogénéiser les notions de « langue », « religion », « appartenance nationale », « appartenance ethnique » ou « identité », s'opposent l'hétérogénéité des pratiques langagières et la fluctuation des positionnements subjectifs des locuteurs, variant en fonction des situations de communication, des interlocuteurs, des échanges, etc<br>According to the thesis officially supported by Bulgarian institutions and researchers, Pomaks are Bulgarians who, in their majority, were forced to convert to Islam during the period of the Ottoman domination between XIV and XIX century. Since they place themselves in a 'between-two position' - between the Bulgarian Christian majority with whom they have a common language and the Turkish Muslim minority with whom they share a religion - during the last century Pomaks were in the focus of attention of ambivalent and controversial nationalist policies, consecutive governments, the Orthodox Church but also of representatives of a Pomak organisation called Rodina (Poduna, Native Land). Currently Pomaks are being affected by ethnicisation-targeted European policy attempting to categorise them as a national minority. This research introduces a cross analysis of Bulgarian as well as European institutional, political, media and religious discourses, on the one hand, and discourses of inhabitants of Kondovo village in the Rhodope Mountains, collected and compiled during the conducted extended field research, on the other. It integrates an anthropological approach of language practices allowing to elucidate the discursive interweaving between micro and macro, global and local perspectives. In that context the external discourses tending to homogenise the concepts of "language", "religion", "national belonging", "ethnic belonging" or "identity" are confronted by the heterogeneity of language practices and the fluctuation of the subjective positioning of the speakers, which vary according to the communication situations, the interlocutors or the verbal exchanges
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Droutsa, Eftychia. "Musiques mineures. Le rituel de mevlud chez les femmes pomaks de Thrace occidentale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040180.

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Cette thèse porte sur le chant des femmes de la minorité musulmane pomak de Grèce, dans le cadre du rituel privé de mevlud. Lié à la naissance du Prophète, le rituel est organisé autour du poème de Süleyman Çelebi écrit en XVe siècle. Traversé par une série d'oppositions au cœur desquelles trône la question éternelle des limites entre le monde profane et sacré, le poème de Süleyman Çelebi est constamment renvoyé à la périphérie du religieux. L'analyse montre que les femmes pomaks investissent cet espace para-liturgique en adaptant le rituel du mevlud à leur image. L'espace rituel devient l'avant-scène d'une conciliation, conjuguée par des valeurs, entre les modes de penser, d'être et de faire qui inscrivent le mevlud dans l'ordre du féminin, de l'éducation du vivre-ensemble, de la mémoire, de l'émotion, du partage et de la transmission. L'ensemble de ces agencements s’établit par la voix mise en musique qui fait exploser la question du sens, du texte et de la langue faisant du poème non pas une récitation, mais un chant. Cette flexibilité apportée par les femmes pomaks inscrit le mevlud dans un contexte para-liturgique et souterrain où les limites entre sacré, profane, tradition et innovation, savoir et ignorance, parlé et chanté, semblent perpétuellement négociées<br>This dissertation studies the singing of women among the Pomak Muslim minority of Greece during the private ritual of mevlud. Linked to the birth of the Prophet, this ritual is based on the 15h c. poem of Süleyman Çelebi. Characterised by series of oppositions - chief among them being the everlasting question of the boundaries between profane and sacred world –, the poem is constantly brought to the edge of religiosity. The analysis reveals that Pomak women engage with this para-liturgical space through the adaptation of the ritual of mevlud to their own image. Hence, the ritual space becomes a front stage for conciliating values between ways of thinking, being and doing. It thus associates the mevlud with issues of feminity, learning collective action, memory, emotion, sharing, and transmission. All these ties are established through the musicalized voice, which goes beyond the question of meaning, text and language, by transforming the recitation of the poem into singing. This flexibility brought by Pomak women inscribes the melvud in a para-liturgical context where boundaries between sacred and profane, tradition and innovation, knowledge and ignorance, speaking and singing, appear constantly negotiated
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Markou, Ekaterini. "La question identitaire et l'éducation chez les Pomaques de Thrace grecque." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0123.

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Henzelmann, Martin. "Зеленгора, Георги, Помаците в Турция". De Gruyter, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71157.

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Die Erforschung der pomakischen Kultur in der Türkei ist zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt bei Weitem noch nicht nachhaltig genug ausgereift. Zwar finden wir zu dieser Problematik einige Einzelbeiträge mit Überblickscharakter, es bedarf aber dringend umfangreicher Studien, die sich mit den Pomaken in der Türkei beschäftigen. In der vorliegenden Monographie erklärt Georgi Zelengora, dass seine Arbeit gerade durch diese Leerstelle inspiriert wurde, denn in der bulgarischen Forschungslandschaft habe sich bislang niemand hinreichend mit der Thematik befasst. Obwohl die pomakische Gemeinschaft in der Türkei am zahlreichsten sei, fehle es in Bulgarien an Wissen über ihre Besonderheiten. Zelengora setzt sich daher zum Ziel, dem Leser eine kaum erforschte Minderheit im südöstlichen Nachbarland Bulgariens vorzustellen.
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Henzelmann, Martin. "Myuhtar-May, Fatme, Identity, Nationalism, and Cultural Heritage under Siege." De Gruyter, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71377.

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In ihrem Werk reflektiert Fatme Myuhtar-May fünf charakteristische Besonderheiten des pomakischen kulturellen Erbes in Bulgarien. Diese werden anhand zahlreicher Beispiele dargestellt, und damit wird ein Überblick über die wechselhafte Geschichte der bulgarischsprachigen Muslime in den Rhodopen gegeben.
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Angadam, Justine Oma. "Tertiary biovalorisation of Grape pomace." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2836.

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Thesis (Masters of Environmental Health)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>In the Western Cape, South Africa and other regions globally, grape pomace (GP) is one of the abundant agro-waste from the winery industry. This study reports on the hyper-extraction of fermentable sugars from GP treated with white rot fungi (WRF) Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKMF 1767 to facilitate improved biovalorisation for total reducing sugars (TRS) extraction in conjunction with Nepenthes mirabilis digestive fluids. TRS were quantified using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent method. The free readily dissolvable sugars from the GP recorded for the bio-treated (BT) samples was 206.39 ± 0.06 mg/L and for the untreated (UT) samples was 271.05 ± 0.02 mg/L. Overall, the TRS yield for the Bio-treated (BT) and untreated (UT) samples was recorded as 205.68 ± 0.09 and 380.93 ± 0.14 mg/L, respectively, using hot water pretreatment (HWP) with 2266.00 ± 0.73 (BT) and 2850.68 ± 0.31 mg/L (UT), respectively, for dilute acid pretreatment (DAP); with 2068.49 ± 6.02 (BT) and 2969.61 ± 8.054 mg/L (UT) respectively, using the cellulase pretreatment (CP) method. Using the HWP as a reference, the relative increases imparted by the biotreatment was higher (51%) for DAP and low (33%) for CP. The combination of conventional used pre-treatment methods (hot water pretreatment, dilute acid pre-treatment, and cellulase pre-treatment) in a single pot system was also done while monitoring the total residual phenolics (TRPCs) in the samples. Furthermore, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) were used to measure the crystallinity index (CrI) and functional groups of pre- and post-pretreated GP to ascertain the efficiency of the pre-treatment methods, with quantification of lignin, holocellulose, and ash. Overall, the TRS yield for N. mirabilis pre-treated agro-waste was 951 mg/L ± 4.666 mg/L, with biomass having a lower CrI of 33%, and 62% residual lignin content. Furthermore, reduced TRPCs were observed in hydrolysate, suggesting limited inhibitory by-product formation during N. mirabilis pre-treatment
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Mihaylov, Dimitrina. "'Bulgarian', 'Turk', 'Pomak' : discerning nation-state borders and identity frontiers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424778.

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Books on the topic "Pomaks"

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Raĭchevski, Stoi︠a︡n. The Mohammedan Bulgarians (Pomaks). Bulgarian Bestseller, 2004.

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Memişoğlu, Hüseyin. Balkanlarda Pomak Türkleri. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, 1999.

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Frangopoulos, Yannis. Une minorité musulmane en transition: Approche anthropologique des Pomaques grecs. CIACO, 1996.

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Mylōnas, Polys. Hoi Pomakoi tēs Thrakēs. Nea Synora, A.A. Livanē, 1990.

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Mangalakova, Tani͡a. Nashite v Grŭt︠s︡ii︠a︡: Sred pomat︠s︡ite v zapadna Trakii︠a︡. IFO dizaĭn OOD, 2011.

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Zelengora, Georgi. Türkiye'deki Pomaklar. Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2017.

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Tsioumēs, Kōstēs A. Hoi Pomakoi sto Hellēniko Kratos, 1920-1950: Historikē prosengisē. Ekdoseis "Promētheus", 1997.

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Chidiroglou, Paulos. The Greek Pomaks and their relation with Turkey. Proskinio Editions, 1991.

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Memişoğlu, Hüseyin. Pomak Türklerinin tarihi geçmişinden sayfalar. H. Memişoğlu, 1991.

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Theocharidēs, Petros D. Pomakoi: Hoi Mousoulmanoi tēs Rodopēs : historia, katagōgē, glōssa, thrēskeia, laographika. Ekdosē Politistikou Anaptuxiakou Kentrou Thrakēs, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pomaks"

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Tsibiridou, Fotini. "33. MUSLIM EXPERIENCE OF 'FEAR AND SHAME': THE CASE OF THE POMAKS IN GREECE." In Archaeology, Anthropology and Heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia, edited by David Shankland. Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225438-018.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pomade." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8230.

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Zeugmann, Thomas, Pascal Poupart, James Kennedy, et al. "POMDPs." In Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_642.

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Norman, Scotti M. "Guaman Poma's Epic Letter." In The Epic World. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429286698-27.

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, et al. "Pomace Flies." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3067.

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Oliehoek, Frans A. "Decentralized POMDPs." In Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27645-3_15.

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Onwudiwe, Oge, and Valerie D. Callender. "Pomade Acne." In Acneiform Eruptions in Dermatology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8344-1_22.

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Howe, K. R. "Pomares of Tahiti." In Where the Waves Fall. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003369196-7.

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Kumar, Pardeep, Parveen Sharma, Vandana Thakur, Binny Vats, and Sunil Kumar. "History of Pomato." In Principles and Techniques in Vegetable Grafting. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003531951-17.

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Oliehoek, Frans A., and Christopher Amato. "Finite-Horizon Dec-POMDPs." In SpringerBriefs in Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28929-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pomaks"

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Uzeneva, Elena. "Writing and language of the Slavic-speaking minority in Northern Greece." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.33.

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The report highlights the problem of the presence / absence of a literary micro-language among the Slavic-speaking minority of Northern Greece, who profess Islam and live on the southern slopes of the Rhodope Mountains on the Bulgarian-Greek borderland. Despite the presence of certain signs of the formation of such a language among the Pomaks, the current situation does not contribute to its existence and functioning. The author adheres to the point of view of the non-literal character of local Slavic dialects used exclusively for interfamily communication.
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Kokkas, N. T. "Morphological and thematic convergences between the Greek proverbs and the proverbs of the Pomaks of Xanthi." In Традиционная культура Греции. Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова Издательский Дом (типография), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52607/9785190116809_53.

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Ioannidou, Elisabeth. "Pomak Language Unbounded… Through an Anthropological View." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.1-9.

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Until November 1995, Pomak villages were confined to the parts of Greek Thrace bounded by a bar. As a remnant of the ‘iron curtain,’ the bar kept these populations and their language isolated. This restriction forced people into introversion, self-reliance and conservatism. These tendencies were reflected in the Pomak, along with an attempt at cultural self-identification, which is generally observed in minority languages. After the removal of the bar and the reconnection with Greek society, Pomak has continued to be used orally, and by only a few specific circles to be spoken publicly, e.g., in the online newspaper Zagalisa. What nowadays characterizes the Pomak is extroversion, but at the same time with a tendency for differentiation (νασές Πομάτσκες γιεζίκ / nases Pomakski jazik), for self-determination, and selective memory management. The selective use of the imperfect verb tense (formed as present perfect continuous) in narratives and narratives related to cultural data highlights the cultural and political dimension of language. Simple present and simple past tenses dominate the modern narratives, clearly indicating the concerns of the linguistic groups that represent them: Pomak cultural identity in the present and in the past. A bounded Pomak linguistic and cultural tradition, continuing through space and time, after the bar-removal, in fact, became ...Unbounded. Both the transition and the adaptation of the Pomak to the new global linguistic environment were the main research lines of this study.
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Georgiev, Mihail, and Ina Vladova. "EMOTIONS, FEELINGS, AND EXPERIENCES IN A MULTICULTURAL CLASSROOM." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/61.

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ABSTRACT The Bulgarian educational system is multicultural – in terms of ethnicity, religion, and mother language. The common ethnic groups in the country are Roma, who are the most heterogeneous minority community, Bulgarian Turks, Pomaks, Jews, Vlachs, Armenians, and others. Roma students often have learning difficulties with various etiologies. In these populations, some students do not speak or have a poor command of the Bulgarian language, both in writing and sometimes in spoken language. However, these children and young people need to be educated. Roma students and their parents need active communication and cooperation in this regard. The report presents the results of a study of the emotions and feelings experienced by teachers when working with Roma students and non-Roma students, as well as the emotions and feelings experienced by teachers in communication with the parents of these two groups of students. The research methodology contains eleven concepts characterizing different emotions and feelings and a five-point Likert-type scale measuring their degree of expression. The study was conducted on a sample of 193 teachers. The research results show that teachers often experience stress, fatigue, helplessness, and nervousness when working with Roma students. Joy, serenity, and enthusiasm are too low. When communicating with the parents of Roma students, the emotions experienced are identical. The work of the same teachers with non-Roma students is accompanied by positive emotions and experiences – joy, enthusiasm, vigilance, and calm. Negative emotions and experiences are of low expression. Teachers feel the same emotions and experiences, but in a different order, during their communication with parents of non-Roma students.
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Mota, Ana Carolina, and Jaise Silva Ferreira. "Rótulos de especialidades farmacêuticas de uso tópico e/ou dermatológico comercializadas em drogarias." In Semana Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos. Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29184/anaisscfmc.v12022p28.

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A administração tópica de medicamentos refere-se a sua aplicação sobre a pele, de produtos como cremes e pomadas. São classificadas como preparações semissólidas, e geralmente compostas por um veículo base. O estudo foi realizado em uma drogaria, para obtenção de informações contidas nos rótulos e no bulário eletrônico da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Foram selecionadas 20 especialidades farmacêuticas de uso tópico e/ou dermatológico (cremes e pomadas), das classes farmacológicas antimicrobiana e antifúngica (ou associações), similares e de referência. Os rótulos foram observados para anotação de informações como forma farmacêutica e princípio ativo. Das bulas, foram anotados: composição e classe farmacológica. Quanto a serem do tipo similar ou referência, foi consultada a lista de medicamentos similares intercambiáveis, conforme RDC 58/2014. Posteriormente, foi verificada a possibilidade de divergência, após busca na literatura dos conceitos de composição de creme e pomada, avaliação da forma farmacêutica intitulada no rótulo e insumos inertes utilizados na base da especialidade farmacêutica. Das 20 especialidades farmacêuticas, 15 tinham descrito em seus rótulos o título de creme, e apenas 5 continham o título de pomada. Quanto à classe farmacológica, 5 eram antimicrobianas, 6 eram antifúngicas, e 9 tinham associações com outras classes farmacológicas. Em relação à qualificação das especialidades, quanto a serem similares ou referência, 8 eram do tipo similar e 12 eram do tipo referência. Quanto as possíveis divergências, em relação à classificação da forma farmacêutica, foram encontradas em 10 amostras. Dessas, as intituladas como creme, foram qualificadas por apresentarem divergências devido a presença do petrolato branco, e em algumas, a depender da concentração. Salienta-se que nas composições descritas nas bulas das especialidades farmacêuticas não consta a concentração de cada componente, apenas os seus nomes, fazendo com que essas divergências sejam possíveis, mas não confirmatórias.
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Zhao, Hefei, and Selina Wang. "Isolation and purification phenolic compounds in California olive pomace by pilot-scale C18 gel chromatography." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hkjz6249.

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According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United States (mainly in California) produced 151,950 tons of olives in 2019, which resulted in a large amount of pomace waste. While many researchers focused on crude extraction and macroporous resin purification from European olive pomace on an analytical scale, few studies have been conducted to isolate fractions of US olive pomase (OP) by pilot-scale C18 chromatography. Hexane defatted Arbequina California OP was extracted by water, and the extract was loaded to a pilot-scale chromatography column with 262.5 mL C18 gel, and the elute syrup (ES) was collected. Desorptions were applied by 1 L of acidified water (AW), 35% methanol (35M) and 70% methanol (70M), respectively. The fractions were concentrated then freeze-dried. Total phenol contents (TPC) were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Individual phenols were determined by HPLC-DAD. Results showed that the TPC of the fractions of ES, AW, 35M and 70M were 2.88, 29.39, 170.56 and 235.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively. Heatmap cluster analysis showed that ES and AW fractions had similar phenol profiles with hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol-glucoside; and 35M had hydroxytyrosol-glucoside, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol-glucoside, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), verbascoside and oleuropein; 70M contained hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol-glucoside, tyrosol, but generally had more nonpolar compounds such as verbascoside, rutin and oleuropein. Very interestingly, the 3,4-DHPEA-EDA in water extract at 31.43 min disappeared in 35M and 70M fractions, meanwhile a new peak at 29.25 min showed up which could be a new compound derived from 3,4-DHPEA-EDA possibly because of the acidified process. This study could be the first-ever report of phenol profile of pilot-scale C18 fractions of the US OP. This new data on the chemical compositions of the OP C18 fractions provides practical knowledge for the valorization and industrial food applications of the US olive wastes.
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Jusúf Karahóǧa, Ritván, Panagiotis G. Krimpas, Vivian Stamou, et al. "Morphologically annotated corpora of Pomak." In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on the Use of Computational Methods in the Study of Endangered Languages. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.computel-1.22.

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Hsiao, Kaijen, Leslie Pack Kaelbling, and Tomas Lozano-Perez. "Grasping POMDPs." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2007.364201.

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Imaizumi, Masaaki, and Ryohei Fujimaki. "Factorized Asymptotic Bayesian Policy Search for POMDPs." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/607.

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This paper proposes a novel direct policy search (DPS) method with model selection for partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs). DPSs have been standard for learning POMDPs due to their computational efficiency and natural ability to maximize total rewards. An important open challenge for the best use of DPS methods is model selection, i.e., determination of the proper dimensionality of hidden states and complexity of policy functions, to mitigate overfitting in highly-flexible model representations of POMDPs. This paper bridges Bayesian inference and reward maximization and derives marginalized weighted log-likelihood~(MWL) for POMDPs which takes both advantages of Bayesian model selection and DPS. Then we propose factorized asymptotic Bayesian policy search (FABPS) to explore the model and the policy which maximizes MWL by expanding recently-developed factorized asymptotic Bayesian inference. Experimental results show that FABPS outperforms state-of-the-art model selection methods for POMDPs, with respect both to model selection and to expected total rewards.
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Horák, Karel, Branislav Bošanský, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. "Goal-HSVI: Heuristic Search Value Iteration for Goal POMDPs." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/662.

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Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are the standard models for planning under uncertainty with both finite and infinite horizon. Besides the well-known discounted-sum objective, indefinite-horizon objective (aka Goal-POMDPs) is another classical objective for POMDPs. In this case, given a set of target states and a positive cost for each transition, the optimization objective is to minimize the expected total cost until a target state is reached. In the literature, RTDP-Bel or heuristic search value iteration (HSVI) have been used for solving Goal-POMDPs. Neither of these algorithms has theoretical convergence guarantees, and HSVI may even fail to terminate its trials. We give the following contributions: (1) We discuss the challenges introduced in Goal-POMDPs and illustrate how they prevent the original HSVI from converging. (2) We present a novel algorithm inspired by HSVI, termed Goal-HSVI, and show that our algorithm has convergence guarantees. (3) We show that Goal-HSVI outperforms RTDP-Bel on a set of well-known examples.
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Reports on the topic "Pomaks"

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Bolinger, Mark, Ryan Wiser, and William Golove. Centrales au gaz et Energies renouvelables: comparer des pommes avec des pommes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842891.

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Srivastava, Siddharth, Xiang Cheng, Stuart J. Russell, and Avi Pfeffer. First-Order Open-Universe POMDPs: Formulation and Algorithms. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603645.

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Theocharous, Georgios, Sridhar Mahadevan, and Leslie P. Kaelbling. Spatial and Temporal Abstractions in POMDPs Applied to Robot Navigation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466737.

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Banerjee, Bikramjit, and Landon Kraemer. Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Policy Synchronization in Infinite-Horizon Dec-POMDPs. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585093.

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Chaiken, Joseph. Improved Materials for Photochromic Optical Memory Subsystem (POMS). Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378152.

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Tebbutt, John M. The NIST LEIDIR prototype - inserting hypertext links into the POMS using information retrieval:. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6321.

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Nakamura, Masaya, and Jong-Hwan Ra. Evaluation of Radical Scavenging and Reducing Power for Dry Juice, Peel, and Pomace of Citrus Sudachi Hort. Ex Shirai with Different Solvent Concentrations. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.03.07.

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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Synthèse conjointe «Géothermie» du PNR «Energie». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_pnr70_pnr71.2020.4.fr.

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La géothermie de faible profondeur avec des pompes à chaleur correspond à l’état actuel de la technique et est déjà largement répandue en Suisse. Au sein du futur système énergétique, la géothermie de moyenne à grande profondeur (1 à 6 km) devrait également jouer un rôle important, notamment en matière de fourniture de chaleur pour les bâtiments et les process industriels. Cette forme d’utilisation de la chaleur géothermique nécessite un sous-sol bien perméable, permettant à un fluide – généralement de l’eau – d’engranger la chaleur naturellement présente dans la roche et de la transporter jusqu’à la surface. Dans les roches sédimentaires, cette condition est généralement vérifiée du fait de la structure naturelle, tandis que dans les granites et les gneiss la perméabilité doit être générée artificiellement par injection d’eau. La chaleur ainsi récupérée augmente au fur et à mesure de la profondeur de forage : la température souterraine atteint environ 40°C à 1 km de profondeur et environ 100°C à 3 km de profondeur. Pour entraîner une turbine à vapeur en vue de produire de l’électricité, des températures supérieures à 100°C sont nécessaires. Étant donné que cela implique de forer à des profondeurs de 3 à 6 km, le risque de sismicité induite augmente en conséquence. Le sous-sol peut également servir à stocker de la chaleur ou des gaz, par exemple de l’hydrogène ou du méthane, ou encore à enfouir de façon permanente du CO2. À cet effet, les mêmes exigences que pour l’extraction de chaleur doivent être vérifiées et le réservoir doit en outre être surmonté d’une couche étanche, empêchant le gaz de s’échapper. Le projet conjoint « Énergie hydroélectrique et géothermique » du PNR « Énergie » était avant tout consacré à la question de savoir où en Suisse trouver des couches de sol appropriées, répondant de manière optimale aux exigences des différentes utilisations. Un deuxième grand axe de recherche concernait les mesures visant à réduire la sismicité induite par les forages profonds et les dommages aux structures qui en résultent. Par ailleurs, des modèles et des simulations ont été élaborés dans le but de mieux comprendre les processus souterrains qui interviennent dans la mise en œuvre et l’exploitation des ressources géothermiques. En résumé, les résultats de recherche montrent que la Suisse jouit de bonnes conditions pour l’utilisation de la géothermie de moyenne profondeur (1-3 km), tant pour le parc de bâtiments que pour les processus industriels. L’optimisme est également de mise en ce qui concerne le stockage saisonnier de chaleur et de gaz. Le potentiel de stockage définitif de CO2 dans des quantités pertinentes s’avère en revanche plutôt limité. Concernant la production d’électricité à partir de la chaleur issue de la géothermie profonde (&gt; 3 km), il n’existe pas encore de certitude définitive quant à l’importance du potentiel économiquement exploitable du sous-sol. Des installations de démonstration exploitées industriellement sont absolument nécessaires à cet égard, afin de renforcer l’acceptation par la population et les investisseurs.
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Ventilateurs et pompes. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313762.

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Refroidissement et pompes à chaleur. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313703.

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