Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pomares'
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Sartori, Junior Sergio [UNESP]. "Modelagem matemática e análise dinâmica da torre de um pulverizador de pomares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97035.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Na área agrícola, um tipo de equipamento utilizado para a pulverização de pomares, consiste essencialmente de uma estrutura vertical com ventiladores dotados de bicos de pulverização, montados sobre um veículo que trafega entre as plantas. Em uma construção mais simples esta estrutura vertical é montada na parte traseira de um trator agrícola. Em uma construção mais complexa, esta estrutura vertical é montada sobre uma carreta ou trailer, que pode ter ou não suspensão. Em algumas situações, as oscilações laterais da estrutura vertical podem afetar negativamente o resultado do tratamento (pulverização). Assim é importante reconhecer e eventualmente controlar essas oscilações laterais. Este trabalho propõe modelos matemáticos para os movimentos de rolagem de um pulverizador de pomares do tipo torre, e analisa suas respostas a diferentes parâmetros e diferentes excitações. Também são estudados casos práticos utilizando parâmetros reais de um pulverizador para propor parâmetros para a suspensão da torre a fim de minimizar as oscilações e acelerações da estrutura. Os modelos são baseados no modelo do pêndulo invertido e podem ser configurados para um pulverizador de pomares simples, do tipo montado em um trator, ou montado sobre uma carreta com ou sem suspensão. As equações que governam os movimentos de oscilação lateral foram deduzidas pelos métodos de Newton-Euler assim como pelas equações de Lagrange e princípio de Hamilton. As simulações numéricas dos modelos foram implementadas no módulo Simulink® do aplicativo Matlab®.
In the agriculture field, a type of equipment to spray chemicals on orchards consists essentially of a vertical structure, with fans and spray nozzles attached, assembled on a vehicle that travels beside the plants. In a simple construction the vertical structure is attached directly behind the agricultural tractor. In a more complex construction, the vertical structure is attached on a trailer, with or without suspension. In some situations, the vertical structure lateral oscillations could affect negatively the results of the treatment. Thus, is important to recognize and even control these lateral oscillations. This dissertation proposes mathematical models for the roll movement of a tower sprayer, and analyzes its responses trough different parameters and excitations. Also analyzes a real case using an orchard sprayer’s parameters to propose a tower suspension to minimize lateral oscillations and accelerations on the structures. The models are based on the inverted pendulum model and can be used for simple orchard sprayer assembled directly on tractors, as well as for that ones assembled on trailers, with or without suspension. The governing equations of the models are deduced by Newton - Euler equations and also by Lagrange’s equations and Hamilton’s principle. The numerical simulations of models ware implemented using the Simulink® module of Matlab® software.
Sartori, Junior Sergio. "Modelagem matemática e análise dinâmica da torre de um pulverizador de pomares /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97035.
Full textBanca: Bento Rodrigues de Ponte Junior
Banca: Hans Ingo Weber
Resumo: Na área agrícola, um tipo de equipamento utilizado para a pulverização de pomares, consiste essencialmente de uma estrutura vertical com ventiladores dotados de bicos de pulverização, montados sobre um veículo que trafega entre as plantas. Em uma construção mais simples esta estrutura vertical é montada na parte traseira de um trator agrícola. Em uma construção mais complexa, esta estrutura vertical é montada sobre uma carreta ou trailer, que pode ter ou não suspensão. Em algumas situações, as oscilações laterais da estrutura vertical podem afetar negativamente o resultado do tratamento (pulverização). Assim é importante reconhecer e eventualmente controlar essas oscilações laterais. Este trabalho propõe modelos matemáticos para os movimentos de rolagem de um pulverizador de pomares do tipo torre, e analisa suas respostas a diferentes parâmetros e diferentes excitações. Também são estudados casos práticos utilizando parâmetros reais de um pulverizador para propor parâmetros para a suspensão da torre a fim de minimizar as oscilações e acelerações da estrutura. Os modelos são baseados no modelo do pêndulo invertido e podem ser configurados para um pulverizador de pomares simples, do tipo montado em um trator, ou montado sobre uma carreta com ou sem suspensão. As equações que governam os movimentos de oscilação lateral foram deduzidas pelos métodos de Newton-Euler assim como pelas equações de Lagrange e princípio de Hamilton. As simulações numéricas dos modelos foram implementadas no módulo Simulink® do aplicativo Matlab®.
Abstract: In the agriculture field, a type of equipment to spray chemicals on orchards consists essentially of a vertical structure, with fans and spray nozzles attached, assembled on a vehicle that travels beside the plants. In a simple construction the vertical structure is attached directly behind the agricultural tractor. In a more complex construction, the vertical structure is attached on a trailer, with or without suspension. In some situations, the vertical structure lateral oscillations could affect negatively the results of the treatment. Thus, is important to recognize and even control these lateral oscillations. This dissertation proposes mathematical models for the roll movement of a tower sprayer, and analyzes its responses trough different parameters and excitations. Also analyzes a real case using an orchard sprayer's parameters to propose a tower suspension to minimize lateral oscillations and accelerations on the structures. The models are based on the inverted pendulum model and can be used for simple orchard sprayer assembled directly on tractors, as well as for that ones assembled on trailers, with or without suspension. The governing equations of the models are deduced by Newton - Euler equations and also by Lagrange's equations and Hamilton's principle. The numerical simulations of models ware implemented using the Simulink® module of Matlab® software.
Mestre
Sosa, Duque Francisco José. "Espécies de Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Crysopidae) presentes em pomares de Citrus SPP., na Venezuela /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91387.
Full textBanca: Nelson Wanderley Perioto
Banca: Brígida de Souza
Resumo: O gênero Ceraeochrysa Adams é um dos maiores e amplamente distribuídos do Neotrópico. Muitas de suas espécies têm sido relatadas como importantes controladores biológicos de insetos pragas em culturas. Em Venezuela o estudo dos crisopídeos tem passado despercebido e somente as espécies Ceraeochrysa cubana, C. everes, e C. valida tem relato de ocorrência. Levando em conta esta problemática se realizaram amostragens nos estados Lara (Tarabana), Yaracuy (Aroa, Nirgua), Portuguesa (Las Matas), Barinas (Socopo) e Miranda (Tacata) com o objetivo de fazer um levantamento das espécies de Ceraeochrysa que ocorrem em pomares de Citrus spp., na Venezuela. Os insetos coletados foram coletados com rede entomologia, colocados vivos em garrafas plásticas de 1 Lt de capacidade, levados ao laboratório, congelados, alfinetados e secados. Posteriormente o abdômen foi cortado e macerado em solução de KOH 10% por duas horas, colorado com Clorazol Black, extraída a genitália, fotografada e desenhada com ajuda de microscópio estereoscópico e microscópio biológico, ambos com câmaras lúcidas acopladas. Os exemplares foram identificados comparando as genitálias previas disponíveis em textos e publicações especializadas. Foram identificadas as espécies C. cincta, C. cubana, C. everes e C. valida já relatadas para Venezuela e as espécies C. acmon, C. caligata, C. claveri, C. dislepis, C. montoyana, C. sanchezi, C. scapularis, C squama e C. valida, alem dos exemplares Ceraeochrysa sp1, Ceraeochrysa sp2, Ceraeochrysa sp3 e Ceraeochrysa sp4. Para cada exemplar foram realizadas as redescrições e descrições correspondentes. As redescrições foram justificadas em função das variações intraespecíficas que se observaram, desenhou-se uma chave taxonômica para identificação das espécies e para cada uma delas foram realizadas pranchas de desenhos que mostram os caracteres ressaltantes das espécies estudadas.
Abstract: Ceraeochrysa Adams is one of the largest and widely distributed green lacewing genus. Many species has been related as an important biological control agents of insects pest in agricultural situations. In Venezuela, the study of green lacewings has been passed over and only Ceraeochrysa cubana, C. everes, and C. valida species has been reported. Considering this problem, several sampling in Lara (Tarabana), Yaracuy (Aroa, Nirgua), Portuguesa (Las Matas), Barinas (Socopo) and Miranda (Tacata) states were made intending to make an inventory of Ceraeochrysa species that occur in orchards of Citrus spp. in Venezuela. The insects samples were collected with proper nets, put on plastic bottles, taken to the lab, frozen, pinned and dried. Afterward, the abdomen was cut and macerated in KOH 10% solution by two hours, tinted with clorazol-black and it was made the corresponding analyses to identify the exemplars by comparing their genitals among available specialized essays and publications. It was found C. cincta, C. cubana, C. everes and C. valida species already reported to Venezuela and the species C. acmon, C. caligata, C. claveri, C. dislepis, C. sanchezi, C. scapularis, C. squama, C. montoyana, in addition to exemplars Ceraeochrysa sp1, Ceraeochrysa sp2, Ceraeochrysa sp3 and Ceraeochrysa sp4. For each sample it had been made the re-descriptions and descriptions correspondents. The re-description were justified by the intraspecifics variations that were observed, then a taxonomic key were drawn to indentify the species and, for each of them, were realized model sheets that brings us the standings characteristics of studied species. Further studies will be necessary to use these species in pest management programs.
Mestre
Sosa, Duque Francisco José [UNESP]. "Espécies de Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Crysopidae) presentes em pomares de Citrus SPP., na Venezuela." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91387.
Full textUniv. Centro Ocidental Lisandro Alvarado - Venezuela
O gênero Ceraeochrysa Adams é um dos maiores e amplamente distribuídos do Neotrópico. Muitas de suas espécies têm sido relatadas como importantes controladores biológicos de insetos pragas em culturas. Em Venezuela o estudo dos crisopídeos tem passado despercebido e somente as espécies Ceraeochrysa cubana, C. everes, e C. valida tem relato de ocorrência. Levando em conta esta problemática se realizaram amostragens nos estados Lara (Tarabana), Yaracuy (Aroa, Nirgua), Portuguesa (Las Matas), Barinas (Socopo) e Miranda (Tacata) com o objetivo de fazer um levantamento das espécies de Ceraeochrysa que ocorrem em pomares de Citrus spp., na Venezuela. Os insetos coletados foram coletados com rede entomologia, colocados vivos em garrafas plásticas de 1 Lt de capacidade, levados ao laboratório, congelados, alfinetados e secados. Posteriormente o abdômen foi cortado e macerado em solução de KOH 10% por duas horas, colorado com Clorazol Black, extraída a genitália, fotografada e desenhada com ajuda de microscópio estereoscópico e microscópio biológico, ambos com câmaras lúcidas acopladas. Os exemplares foram identificados comparando as genitálias previas disponíveis em textos e publicações especializadas. Foram identificadas as espécies C. cincta, C. cubana, C. everes e C. valida já relatadas para Venezuela e as espécies C. acmon, C. caligata, C. claveri, C. dislepis, C. montoyana, C. sanchezi, C. scapularis, C squama e C. valida, alem dos exemplares Ceraeochrysa sp1, Ceraeochrysa sp2, Ceraeochrysa sp3 e Ceraeochrysa sp4. Para cada exemplar foram realizadas as redescrições e descrições correspondentes. As redescrições foram justificadas em função das variações intraespecíficas que se observaram, desenhou-se uma chave taxonômica para identificação das espécies e para cada uma delas foram realizadas pranchas de desenhos que mostram os caracteres ressaltantes das espécies estudadas.
Ceraeochrysa Adams is one of the largest and widely distributed green lacewing genus. Many species has been related as an important biological control agents of insects pest in agricultural situations. In Venezuela, the study of green lacewings has been passed over and only Ceraeochrysa cubana, C. everes, and C. valida species has been reported. Considering this problem, several sampling in Lara (Tarabana), Yaracuy (Aroa, Nirgua), Portuguesa (Las Matas), Barinas (Socopo) and Miranda (Tacata) states were made intending to make an inventory of Ceraeochrysa species that occur in orchards of Citrus spp. in Venezuela. The insects samples were collected with proper nets, put on plastic bottles, taken to the lab, frozen, pinned and dried. Afterward, the abdomen was cut and macerated in KOH 10% solution by two hours, tinted with clorazol-black and it was made the corresponding analyses to identify the exemplars by comparing their genitals among available specialized essays and publications. It was found C. cincta, C. cubana, C. everes and C. valida species already reported to Venezuela and the species C. acmon, C. caligata, C. claveri, C. dislepis, C. sanchezi, C. scapularis, C. squama, C. montoyana, in addition to exemplars Ceraeochrysa sp1, Ceraeochrysa sp2, Ceraeochrysa sp3 and Ceraeochrysa sp4. For each sample it had been made the re-descriptions and descriptions correspondents. The re-description were justified by the intraspecifics variations that were observed, then a taxonomic key were drawn to indentify the species and, for each of them, were realized model sheets that brings us the standings characteristics of studied species. Further studies will be necessary to use these species in pest management programs.
Souza, Andressa de [UNESP]. "Phyllosticta citricarpa: diversidade genética temporal em pomares de citrus sinensis e sensibilidade a fungicidas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123831.
Full textA Mancha Preta dos Citros (MPC), causada pelo fungo Phyllosticta citricarpa, encontra-se espalhada pelos continentes do mundo. Seus sintomas ocasionam a depreciação dos frutos e a queda prematura daqueles severamente infectados. Dada a importância econômica desta doença, realizamos a análise da estrutura genética de duas coleções de isolados de P. citricarpa, obtidas de uma única propriedade citrícola, em um intervalo de sete anos. Os frutos foram coletados de laranjeiras 'Pera 'e 'Valência' nos anos de 2005 e 2012. Os isolados obtidos foram identificados mediante a análise de sequências da região ITS e genes GPDH e TEF1. Assim, 80 isolados da coleção de 2005 e 115 de 2012 foram identificados como P. citricarpa. Apenas seis isolados de Phyllosticta capitalensis foram encontrados em meio aos de 2012. Maior quantidade de sequências com variações genéticas foram identificadas nos isolados obtidos na última amostragem de frutos, principalmente nas populações oriundas de 'Valência'. A diferenciação genética entre as populações de P. citricarpa de laranjeiras 'Valência', de 2005 e 2012, foi evidenciada mediante o emprego de marcadores AFLP, sendo o genótipo predominante em 2012 aquele identificado nas populações de 'Pera', de ambos os períodos. Pela análise da relação genética entre os isolados, presumiu-se que indivíduos cujo genótipo tenha sido favorecido apareceram primeiramente entre as populações de P. citricarpa que abrigavam as plantas de 'Pera', e posteriormente, migraram para os pomares de 'Valência'. Esta uniformização populacional ao longo dos sete anos e o baixo polimorfismo notado entre os isolados ao longo de gerações são indicativos de baixa recombinação genética entre os indivíduos. Sequências das bandas polimórficas entre os isolados de 'Valência' de 2005 e 2012 apresentaram similaridade com aquelas de proteínas da família de ABC transporters ...
Citrus Black Spot (CBS), caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, is spread over continents in the world. Its symptoms cause fruit depreciation and those severely infected fall prematurely. Given the economic importance of this disease, we carried out analysis of the genetic structure of two P. citricarpa isolates collections, obtained from a single citrus farm in a seven years interval. Fruits were collected from Pera and Valencia orange varieties in 2005 and 2012. The isolates obtained were identified by sequences analysis of ITS region and GPDH and TEF1 genes. Thus, 80 and 115 isolates of the 2005 and 2012 collections, respectively, were identified as P. citricarpa. Among the 2012 collection only six Phyllosticta capitalensis isolates were found. Higher amount of sequences containing genetic variations were identified in the isolates from the last fruits sampling, especially in populations derived from Valencia oranges. By applying AFLP markers it was evidenced genetic differentiation among P. citricarpa populations from Valencia oranges obtained between 2005 and 2012, whose predominant genotype in 2012 was that found in Pera populations from both periods. Through analysis of genetic relationship among isolates, it was assumed that individuals with favored genotypes have first appeared among P. citricarpa populations of Pera plants, and further migrated to Valencia orchards. Genetic populations uniformity over the seven years and low polymorphism observed among them, over generations, are indicative of low genetic recombination between individuals. Sequences of polymorphic bands between isolates of 2005 and 2012 Valencia collections presented similarity with those of ABC transporters Family proteins, which act as efflux pumps of cytotoxic compounds, as fungicides, and to NADH dehydrogenase proteins. Such gene modifications might be responsible for variability of sensibility responses of the isolates to strobilurins, which ...
Souza, Andressa de. "Phyllosticta citricarpa : diversidade genética temporal em pomares de citrus sinensis e sensibilidade a fungicidas /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123831.
Full textCoorientador: Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
Coorientador: Jackson Antônio Marcondes de Souza
Banca: Marcel Bellato Spósito
Banca: Vitor Fernandes Oliveira de Miranda
Banca: Janete Apparecida Desiderio
Banca: Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
Resumo: A Mancha Preta dos Citros (MPC), causada pelo fungo Phyllosticta citricarpa, encontra-se espalhada pelos continentes do mundo. Seus sintomas ocasionam a depreciação dos frutos e a queda prematura daqueles severamente infectados. Dada a importância econômica desta doença, realizamos a análise da estrutura genética de duas coleções de isolados de P. citricarpa, obtidas de uma única propriedade citrícola, em um intervalo de sete anos. Os frutos foram coletados de laranjeiras 'Pera 'e 'Valência' nos anos de 2005 e 2012. Os isolados obtidos foram identificados mediante a análise de sequências da região ITS e genes GPDH e TEF1. Assim, 80 isolados da coleção de 2005 e 115 de 2012 foram identificados como P. citricarpa. Apenas seis isolados de Phyllosticta capitalensis foram encontrados em meio aos de 2012. Maior quantidade de sequências com variações genéticas foram identificadas nos isolados obtidos na última amostragem de frutos, principalmente nas populações oriundas de 'Valência'. A diferenciação genética entre as populações de P. citricarpa de laranjeiras 'Valência', de 2005 e 2012, foi evidenciada mediante o emprego de marcadores AFLP, sendo o genótipo predominante em 2012 aquele identificado nas populações de 'Pera', de ambos os períodos. Pela análise da relação genética entre os isolados, presumiu-se que indivíduos cujo genótipo tenha sido favorecido apareceram primeiramente entre as populações de P. citricarpa que abrigavam as plantas de 'Pera', e posteriormente, migraram para os pomares de 'Valência'. Esta uniformização populacional ao longo dos sete anos e o baixo polimorfismo notado entre os isolados ao longo de gerações são indicativos de baixa recombinação genética entre os indivíduos. Sequências das bandas polimórficas entre os isolados de 'Valência' de 2005 e 2012 apresentaram similaridade com aquelas de proteínas da família de ABC transporters ...
Abstract: Citrus Black Spot (CBS), caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, is spread over continents in the world. Its symptoms cause fruit depreciation and those severely infected fall prematurely. Given the economic importance of this disease, we carried out analysis of the genetic structure of two P. citricarpa isolates collections, obtained from a single citrus farm in a seven years interval. Fruits were collected from Pera and Valencia orange varieties in 2005 and 2012. The isolates obtained were identified by sequences analysis of ITS region and GPDH and TEF1 genes. Thus, 80 and 115 isolates of the 2005 and 2012 collections, respectively, were identified as P. citricarpa. Among the 2012 collection only six Phyllosticta capitalensis isolates were found. Higher amount of sequences containing genetic variations were identified in the isolates from the last fruits sampling, especially in populations derived from Valencia oranges. By applying AFLP markers it was evidenced genetic differentiation among P. citricarpa populations from Valencia oranges obtained between 2005 and 2012, whose predominant genotype in 2012 was that found in Pera populations from both periods. Through analysis of genetic relationship among isolates, it was assumed that individuals with favored genotypes have first appeared among P. citricarpa populations of Pera plants, and further migrated to Valencia orchards. Genetic populations uniformity over the seven years and low polymorphism observed among them, over generations, are indicative of low genetic recombination between individuals. Sequences of polymorphic bands between isolates of 2005 and 2012 Valencia collections presented similarity with those of ABC transporters Family proteins, which act as efflux pumps of cytotoxic compounds, as fungicides, and to NADH dehydrogenase proteins. Such gene modifications might be responsible for variability of sensibility responses of the isolates to strobilurins, which ...
Doutor
Farias, Daniela da Hora. "Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em pomares e crescimento de mudas micropropagadas de mirtileiro." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1136.
Full textBlueberries are temperate fruit species of great economic importance that has stood out in Southern Brazil. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the production of plantlets of blueberry, as well as isolate and identify these fungi from the orchards in the South - RS. Samples were collected from soil and roots in experimental and commercial of blueberry orchards in the municipalities Pelotas, Morro Redondo and Jaguarão and ecological indexes used as a measure populations in orchards in the study and principal components analysis to assess the physical and chemical soil in relation to the AMF. We identified 18 different morphotypes of spores. The percentages of root colonization with AMF were high, ranging from 40 to 80%. Since the varieties in commercial orchard located in the city of Morro Redondo city were the most colonized in relation to others. The greatest number of spores found in O'Neal in the orchard from Micaela. The relative abundance and the highest Shannon diversity index (H ') and richness (R) were found in the older areas of cultivation, old orchard at Embrapa (EPV) and the commercial orchard in the Morro Redondo city (MR). The relative frequency shows the prevalence of species of the genus Glomus and Acaulospora in all orchards. The dominance evaluated by the Simpson index (Is) showed the same trend as the Shannon diversity and richness. Among the chemical parameters of soil, there was a high correlation of AMF species with varying pH, V (%), P and sand. AMF isolates for the production of seedlings were provided by Bank of species of the Department of Horticulture and Forestry at UFRGS. Were tested four species of AMF (Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora heterogama) on the production of cultivars Woodard and Bluegem. The AMF would have positive effects in the nursery, particularly Gigaspora margarita which provided better nutrition, and higher biomass of plants growing Woodard and Glomus etunicatum Bluegem for cultivation. The efficiency of the mycorrhizal symbiosis of blueberry cultivars, depends on the interaction specifies AMF X host.
O mirtilo é uma espécie frutífera de clima temperado de grande importância econômica que vem se destacando na região Sul do Brasil. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a influência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) na produção de mudas micropropagadas de mirtilo, assim como isolar e identificar esses fungos oriundos dos pomares da região Sul - RS. Foram coletadas amostras de solo e raízes em pomares comerciais e experimentais de mirtilo dos municípios de Pelotas, Morro Redondo e Jaguarão e utilizados índices ecológicos como forma de avaliar as populações nos pomares em estudo e a análise de componentes principais para avaliar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo em relação aos FMAs. Foram identificadas 18 diferentes morfotipos de esporos de FMA. As porcentagens de colonização radicular com FMA foram elevadas, variando de 40 a 80%. Sendo que as variedades localizadas no pomar comercial do município do Morro Redondo foram as mais colonizadas em relação às demais. O maior número de esporos foi encontrado na variedade O‟Neal no pomar comercial da Micaela. A abundância relativa e os maiores índices de diversidade Shannon (H‟) e riqueza (R) foram encontrados nas áreas mais velhas de cultivo, pomar velho experimental da Embrapa (EPV) e do pomar comercial do município Morro Redondo (MR). A frequência relativa demonstra a prevalência de espécies do gênero Glomus e Acaulospora em todos os pomares. A dominância avaliada pelo índice de Simpsom (Is) apresentou a mesma tendência da diversidade de Shannon e da riqueza. Entre os parâmetros químicos do solo, houve uma alta correlação das espécies de FMA com as variáveis pH, V(%), P e areia. Os isolados de FMAs para a produção de mudas foram cedidos pelo banco de espécies do Departamento de Horticultura e Silvicultura da UFRGS. Testaram-se quatro espécies de FMAs (Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama e Gigaspora margarita) sobre a produção de mudas das cultivares Woodard e Bluegem. Os FMAs proporcionaram efeito positivo na produção das mudas, em especial Gigaspora margarita que proporcionou melhor nutrição e maior incremento na biomassa nas plantas da cultivar Woodard e o Glomus etunicatum para a cultivar Bluegem. A eficiência da simbiose dos FMAs em cultivares de mirtilo, depende da interação especifica FMA X hospedeiro.
Bertoldi, Tiago Lopes. "Projeto informacional e conceitual de uma máquina para aplicação localizada de fertilizantes em pomares." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2381.
Full textThe growth of peach trees (Prunus L.) plays a major social and economic role in Rio Grande do Sul. In the year 2012 alone, 132,874 tons of peaches were produced in the State. This activity is largely performed on family run farms and involves a high number of farm workers, thus contributing to keeping families in rural areas. Basic machinery and tools are needed for the crop implementation. The peach tree is a plant that demands fertilization throughout its life cycle, and nutrient absorption is mainly carried out by its roots. Since the adsorption area is smaller than the deposition area performed by conventional equipment, there may be unnecessary waste in the fertilization of orchards, raising costs. There are technologies available in the marketplace today that could solve this problem; these are, however, still inaccessible to small and medium scale family farming. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an informally and conceptually designed mechanical system for the purpose of using band placement or localized granular fertilizer application, directed to peach-growing family farmers needs. The methodology of the design is based on a phase model which has been divided into informational design, conceptual design, preliminary design and detailed design. This study developed the first two phases. The initial or informational design phase identified clients needs according the role they played within each phase of the life cycle of the product so as to establish the design specifications, including a total of 18 requirements. The scope of the problem was analyzed in the conceptual design phase, when three viable functional structures to meet the design specifications were established. Research using solution principles was performed and the most promising combinations were selected so as to choose the most adequate one. The scope of the problem was to apply granular fertilizer evenly on the target. This way, the most adequate functional structure to attend to the design needs was met. Four machine conceptions were obtained, one of which was selected.
O cultivo do pessegueiro (Prunus L.) possui grande importância social e econômica no Rio Grande do Sul, tendo sido produzidos no ano de 2012 cerca de 132.874 toneladas deste. Esta atividade é em grande parte executada em propriedades agrícolas familiares, demandando elevada mão de obra o que acaba auxiliando a fixação do homem no campo. A produção do pêssego utiliza uma série de ferramentas e máquinas bastante simples para a implantação da lavoura. O pessegueiro é uma planta exigente em adubação em todo seu ciclo de vida, a absorção dos nutrientes é realizada majoritariamente pelas raízes. Uma vez que a área de adsorção é menor do que a área de deposição realizada pelas máquinas convencionais, na adubação de um pomar podem ocorrer desperdícios e tornar a atividade onerosa. Existem no mercado tecnologias capazes de solucionar o problema, porém ainda estão distantes da realidade da agricultura familiar de pequena e média escala, assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver o projeto informacional e conceitual de um sistema mecanizado com a finalidade de aplicar fertilizante granulado de forma localizada, direcionado às necessidades dos agricultores familiares produtores de pêssego. A base da metodologia de projeto utilizada encontra-se fundamentada em um modelo de fases o qual divide-se em: projeto informacional, projeto conceitual, projeto preliminar e projeto detalhado, sendo que neste trabalho executaram-se as duas primeiras. Na primeira fase, projeto informacional foram identificadas as necessidades dos clientes de acordo com as funções que desenvolvem dentro de cada fase do ciclo de vida do produto para estabelecimento das especificações de projeto, totalizando 18 requisitos. Na fase de projeto conceitual verificou-se o escopo do problema, estabelecendo-se três estruturas funcionais viáveis para o atendimento das especificações de projeto. Realizaram-se pesquisas por princípios de solução, selecionando as combinações mais promissoras a fim de escolher a mais adequada para o atendimento das necessidades encontradas. O escopo do problema encontrado foi: Aplicar regularmente no alvo, fertilizante granular dosado uniformemente. Desta forma encontrou-se a estrutura funcional que mais se adequou ao atendimento dos requisitos de projeto. Obtiveram-se quatro concepções da máquina uma das quais foi selecionada.
Nunes, Pedro Miguel Silva. "Estratégia de diminuição do "input" energético com pesticidas, em pomares da região do Oeste." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14243.
Full textSantos, Cláudio Miguel Parrano dos. "Etiologia e epidemiologia associadas à mortalidade da amendoeira em pomares super-intensivos no Alentejo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23983.
Full textJahnke, Simone Mundstock. "Parasitóides de Phyllcnistis citrella stainton (Lepidóptera: gracillariidae) em pomares de citros em Montenegro, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4311.
Full textRodrigues, Ana Raquel Martinho da Silva Felizardo. "Indicadores de qualidade do solo em pomares de pereira "Rocha" - enrelvamento permanente versus mobilização." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5303.
Full textDifferent management systems induce modifications on ecosystems functioning, changing soil quality. In the context of growing concern for sustainability issues it becomes crucial to use physical, chemical and biological indicators able to identify effects on soil properties and processes. Such is the case of the Portuguese ‘Rocha’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) groves which represent an important economical value and specificity, mainly in the Centro NUT II region. Four orchards subjected to different management systems were selected (NT - no tillage with permanent natural cover crop; CT+E - tillage with manure incorporation; CT1 and CT2 - conventional tillage). Bulk density, exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, pH, extractable P and K, total organic C and N, non humified and hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and N, C and N mineralization, spontaneous vegetation biomass and biodiversity were determined. The NT orchard showed better quality in the upper layer of soil between tree rows. The CT+E system showed the greater increase in organic matter, but lower potential to nutrient recycling and supply. CT1 and CT2 presented a tendency to organic matter decline and deterioration of related properties. Long term experiments are needed to confirm these trends
Faria, João Pedro Monteiro Ardérius de. "Gestão de pomares experimentais na empresa agrícola UNIBO (Universidade de Bolonha). Relatório de Estágio." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17817.
Full textA região da Emília-Romanha, cuja capital é Bolonha, é conhecida como uma das principais referências mundiais ao nível da produção de frutas de qualidade. É uma das regiões mais desenvolvidas de Itália e destaca-se pelo forte associativismo agrícola onde existem cooperativas há mais de 70 anos em atividade. As culturas que caracterizam esta região são a maçã, pera, kiwi, pêssego, ameixa, cereja, damasco e diospiro. Para além desta forte base produtiva, há também muito investimento na investigação e no ensino. A participação ativa das universidades, como é o caso da Universidade de Bolonha, permite o desenvolvimento de campos experimentais, de pesquisa, e assim, a possibilidade de alimentar a constante busca pela inovação dentro do setor. Neste relatório de estágio é relatada uma experiência de cinco meses no campo experimental da UniBo (Universidade de Bolonha). Este campo engloba dez propriedades (500 ha), no entanto, só quatro destas são objeto de estágio: o Centro Didático Exprimental de Cadriano e as companhias experimentais de Bordone, Sant’Anna e Fanti Melloni. Esta oportunidade surge na consequência do interesse em adquirir conhecimentos sobre fruticultura em Itália e do contacto previamente feito com um dos professores de fruticultura do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da UniBo. O objetivo do estágio foi a participação na gestão de pomares experimentais de culturas temperadas e, consequentemente, a aquisição de conhecimentos, através da prática e da observação das atividades implícitas na gestão dos pomares. As práticas de gestão principais foram as operações culturais (poda, monda, colheita e plantação de pomares), a proteção das culturas e a análise da qualidade dos frutos (pós-colheita). Para além da descrição das atividades realizadas, é feita uma apresentação geral da história da fruticultura praticada na região da Emília-Romanha. É ainda caracterizada empresa agrícola e seus campos experimentais objeto de estágio e abordada a utilização da fruticultura de precisão em pomares
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Cysne, Alex Queiroz. "Epidemiologia comparativa da resinose (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) do cajueiro em pomares comerciais o semi-Ãrido nordestino." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3851.
Full textAtualmente, a doenÃa conhecida como resinose, causada pelo fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae, vem merecendo destaque no semi-Ãrido brasileiro devido ao ataque em galhos e ramos lenhosos da planta, provocando significativas perdas na produÃÃo de castanha. O desenvolvimento de estudos epidemiolÃgicos à de fundamental importÃncia no entendimento dos aspectos ecolÃgicos envolvidos na ocorrÃncia e progresso da doenÃa. Este trabalho objetivou realizar estudos sobre a dinÃmica espaÃo-temporal do patÃgeno em trÃs diferentes clones de cajueiro. Foram estimadas a dispersÃo desta doenÃa atravÃs de seu padrÃo espacial e temporal na Ãrea em estudo, estudando-se os componentes das anÃlises como os modelos de curva de progresso da doenÃa, intensidade mÃxima da doenÃa, inÃcio de aparecimento dos sintomas e Ãrea abaixo da curva de progresso da doenÃa, de forma a comparar epidemiologicamente o desenvolvimento desta doenÃa em clones com diferentes reaÃÃes. As Ãreas de estudo estÃo localizadas em uma propriedade situada no municÃpio de Pio IX, PI. Os dados de incidÃncia e severidade foram coletados entre os anos de 2002 e 2007, e utilizados nas anÃlises espaciais e temporais para os clones BRS 226, Embrapa 51 e Faga 11. Mesmo apresentando diferenÃas quanto à incidÃncia e severidade, foi observado que a doenÃa assume um modelo aleatÃrio de dispersÃo no inÃcio da epidemia, e que o aumento da incidÃncia se dà pelo surgimento de novos focos unitÃrios e crescimento dos focos antes existentes. Posteriormente, registrou-se uma agregaÃÃo de plantas doentes. Os clones apresentaram ajustes a diferentes modelos epidemiolÃgicos de acordo com o grau de susceptibilidade. As comparaÃÃes entre as epidemias baseadas nos seus componentes apresentaram diferenÃas significativas entre os clones de cajueiro, sugerindo o uso potencial da resistÃncia genÃtica do hospedeiro como mÃtodo de controle da resinose do cajueiro.
Presently, a cashew disease known as gummosis, caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, deserves special attention due to its infection to branches and trunks of woody plants imposing significantly reduction in nut yield. As the importance of disease increases, it becomes of fundamental importance the development of epidemiological studies to understand the ecological aspects involved on disease establishment and progress. This work aimed to study gummosis dynamics in time and space in three different clones of cashew. Patterns of dispersion in space and disease progress on time, as well as the components involved on these models such as disease progress curve, maximum disease intensity, area under the disease progress curve and the point of initial disease were studied analyzed in order to compare epidemics in the three clones with different disease reactions. The study was conducted in a commercial cashew farm in Pio IX district in Piaui state, Brazil. Gummosis incidence and severity data of collected from 2002 to 2007 were used for both time and space analyses for BRS 226, Embrapa 51 and Faga 11 clones. Disregarding differences in disease occurrence and severity among clones, a random pattern of dispersion was observed at the beginning of the epidemic followed by the development of new foci and expansion of original foci. Later, a clustered pattern was observed. Clones showed different fitness to epidemic models accordingly with their degree of susceptibility. Comparison of epidemics based on their components have shown significant differences among clones, providing evidence for the potential use of host resistance as a means of gummosis control.
Colaço, André Freitas. "Efeito da adubação em doses variadas em pomares de laranjeiras ao longo de quatro safras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-21022013-160125/.
Full textCitrus has an important role in the Brazilian agriculture, however it now faces economical and fitossanitary challenges that restricts its sustainability. So, new management strategies that provide higher efficiency and lower production cost has been searched. In this context, Precision Agriculture (PA) is considered as one of several alternatives to increase competitiveness in the production sector. PA relies on the management of crops based on their special variability therefore managing actions must be applied site specifically within a production field. In citrus, although this technology has been approached by research in the late 1990\'s, adoption is still low in Brazil. The main technique of the site-specific management is the variable rate application of inputs however the effects on citrus agronomical aspects are still unknown, especially during long periods of observation. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the variable rate application of fertilizers and lime on input consumption, yield, soil fertility, plant nutrition and on fruit and juice quality on citrus. Two citrus groves were used to allocate the variable rate (VR) and fixed rate (FR) treatment. They were placed in intercalated pairs of tree rows along the two fields. On the VR treatment applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and lime were carried according to prescription maps, which were based on soil and leaf georeferenced sampling and on yield mapping. In the FR treatment application followed the conventional prescription method, based on a single soil and leaf sample and on yield estimation. Treatments were conducted during four years, from 2008 to 2011. Significant reduction on input consumption was observed, mainly for nitrogen (37 and 51% less on each area) and potassium fertilizers (41 and 18% less on each area). In one of the two fields better fertility levels were found on the VR treatment, once it reduced regions with excess of nutrients and enlarged areas of adequate levels of potassium and bases saturation. Yield gains up to 13.1% occurred on this field. In the second field loss on soil fertility and yield was found on the sitespecific management in two of the four years evaluated. Better juice quality occurred on the variable treatment regarding acidity and soluble solids and acidity ratio. Leaf nutrition was not affected by the treatments. PA allowed optimization and higher fertilizer use efficiency. This study also showed the potential of this technology to increase yield and improve soil fertility management.
Barbosa, Júlio César. "Caracterização molecular e diversidade de fitoplasmas em pomares de citros no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-17032011-145314/.
Full textRecently a phytoplasma of the 16SrIX group was associated with citrus trees exhibiting symptoms of huanglongbing (HLB) in Sao Paulo state. However, due to the wide diversity of phytoplasmas that have been observed in several crops in Brazil, it is possible that in addition to the phytoplasma of group 16SrIX other phytoplasmas could also be associated with citrus trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate if others phytoplasmas besides that of the 16SrIX group are associated with citrus plants in the São Paulo state. Leaf samples from citrus trees, weeds and cicadellids were collected between June and October of 2010 from citrus orchards of four municipalities of the Sao Paulo state: Araraquara, Bebedouro, Piracicaba and Taquarituba. Nested PCR analysis revealed the presence of phytoplasmas associated with citrus trees (symptom: leaf chlorosis), weeds: Bidens pilosa (symptoms: phyllody and virescence), Leonorus sibiricus (symptom: leaf distortion), Solanum americanus (symptom: witches broom), Erigeron bonariensis (symptoms: redning and witches broom) e Euphorbia heterophylla (symptom: leaf distortion); and cicadellids of specie Agallia albidula (Uhler, 1895) (subfamily Agalliinae). The confirmation of the phytoplasma presence and molecular characterization was carried out by RFLP analysis and sequencing of the 16S rDNA region. A wide diversity of phytoplasmas was verified. Phytoplasmas of the 16SrIII and 16SrIX groups were associated with citrus trees in Piracicaba, while a phytoplasma of the 16SrVII group was associated with citrus trees in Bebedouro. Phytoplasmas of the 16SrIII group were associated with weeds belonging to the species B. pilosa, S. americanus and L. sibiricus in Piracicaba and a phytoplasma of the 16SrVII group was identified associated with plants of E. bonariensis and E. heterophylla in Piracicaba and Taquarituba, respectively. A phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was associated with A. albidula in Taquarituba, suggesting that this cicadelid is a potential vector of phytoplasmas in citrus orchards. Based on the analysis of the 16S rDNA region, many of the found phytoplasmas are distinct from those already reported. Due to this distinction, these phytoplasmas were proposed as representatives of new subgroups of the groups 16SrIII, 16SrVII and 16SrIX. The results of this study dont allow us associate the found phytoplasmas with HLB or any other described disease. Thus, more studies are needed to identify the role of theses phytoplasmas as pathogens of citrus trees and weeds.
Ramos, Jenifer Dias. "Poliniza??o entom?fila em pomares comerciais de ma?? na Regi?o Sul do Brasil." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6920.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Pollination is an important ecosystem service responsible for the production and quality of 33% of agricultural crops. In the agricultural context, the bees are the main pollinators, and Apis mellifera, the main species managed for pollination of crops. Among these it highlights the cultivation of apple, which is a species that has many varieties with a high degree of incompatibility, requiring the presence of ?pollinazier? varieties of calls in the orchards, which provide pollen for cross-pollination.The apple planting system usually in Brazil consists of alternating rows of the commercial cultivar with lines of the "pollinator" cultivar, being common the use of Apis mellifera colonies to ensure cross-pollination. This thesis is divided into two papers, the first entitled "Evaluation of apple trees planting systems with respect to the pollinaton performance of Apis mellifera" whose objective was to evaluated the efficiency of two planting systems with respect to the pollination performance of Apis mellifera. The study was conducted in an 'Gala' apple orchard that presented two planting systems: (1) conventional, consisting of three lines of the commercial cultivar ('Gala') and two rows of the ?pollinizer? cultivar ('Fuji'); (2) planting with ?crab-apples?, which consists in planting wild apple trees every six meters in the line of the commercial cultivar. Fruis from these systems were analysed in relation to weight, seed number and distribution among carpels. We followed 121 bees during foraging flight: 14% of them crossed between the lines of the orchard and 94% collected nectar. There was correlation between fruit weight and number of seeds, and the fruits of the? crab-apple? system had more seeds (6 ? 2) than the fruit of conventional system (5 ? 2). These results indicate that the planting system with ?crab-apples? is better considering the foraging behavior of honey bees. The second article entitled "Attractiveness of floral resources of apple to Apis mellifera" whose objective was to compare the offer of floral resources between cultivars of Malus domestica 'Fuji ', 'Fuji Suprema ', ' Gala' and ' Imperial Gala' and to evaluate the visitation rate of Apis mellifera. In a collection orchard it were evaluated the floral abundance, the nectar volume and its soluble solids content (Brix) and the number of pollen grains per flower for the four varieties. Besides this, in an experimental orchard, the visitation rate of Apis mellifera in ?Fuji? and ?Gala? was verified and a linear mixed model calculated to verify which cultivar was the most attractive. ?Gala? was the most attractive for the bees, presenting higher abundance of flowers, volume of nectar and amount of pollen grains per flower. Comparing the flower resources of all cultivars, ?Imperial Gala? can be considered the most attractive. was to compare the offer of floral resources between cultivars of Malus domestica 'Fuji ', 'Fuji Suprema ', ' Gala' and ' Imperial Gala' and to evaluate the visitation rate of Apis mellifera. In a collection orchard it were evaluated the floral abundance, the nectar volume and its soluble solids content (Brix) and the number of pollen grains per flower for the four varieties. Besides this, in an experimental orchard, the visitation rate of Apis mellifera in ?Fuji? and ?Gala? was verified and a linear mixed model calculated to verify which cultivar was the most attractive. ?Gala? was the most attractive for the bees, presenting higher abundance of flowers, volume of nectar and amount of pollen grains per flower. Comparing the flower resources of all cultivars, ?Imperial Gala? can be considered the most attractive.
A poliniza??o ? um importante servi?o ecossist?mico respons?vel pela produ??o e qualidade de 33% das culturas agr?colas. No ?mbito agr?cola, as abelhas s?o os principais agentes polinizadores, sendo Apis mellifera, a principal esp?cie manejada para a poliniza??o de culturas. Dentre estas destaca-se o cultivo da macieira, a qual ? uma esp?cie que apresenta muitas cultivares com alto grau de incompatibilidade, sendo necess?ria a presen?a de cultivares chamadas de polinizadoras nos pomares, as quais fornecem p?len para a poliniza??o cruzada. O sistema de plantio de macieira mais comum no Brasil consiste em linhas da cultivar comercial alternadas com linhas da cultivar "polinizadora", sendo comum o uso de col?nias de A. mellifera para assegurar a poliniza??o cruzada. Esta disserta??o divide-se em dois artigos cient?ficos, o primeiro intitulado ?Avalia??o de sistemas de plantio de macieiras em rela??o ? performance polinizadora de Apis mellifera?, cujo objetivo foi avaliar a efici?ncia de dois sistemas de plantio com rela??o ? performance polinizadora de A. mellifera. O estudo foi conduzido em um pomar de ma?? 'Gala', que apresentava dois sistemas de plantio: (1) convencional, que consiste em tr?s linhas da cultivar comercial ('Gala') e duas linhas da cultivar "polinizadora" ('Fuji'); (2) plantio com 'flor?feras?, que consiste na planta??o de ?rvores de ma?? selvagem a cada seis metros na linha da cultivar comercial. Frutos desses sistemas foram analisados em rela??o ao peso, n?mero e distribui??o de sementes nos carpelos. Seguimos 121 abelhas durante o v?o de forrageamento: 14% delas cruzaram entre as linhas do pomar e 94% coletaram n?ctar. Houve correla??o entre o peso dos frutos e n?mero de sementes e os frutos do sistema com flor?feras apresentaram mais sementes (6 ? 2) do que os frutos do sistema convencional (5 ? 2). Estes resultados indicam que o sistema de plantio com flor?feras foi relativamente melhor considerando o comportamento de forrageamento de A. mellifera. E o segundo artigo intitulado ?Atratividade dos recursos florais de macieira para Apis mellifera?, cujo objetivo foi comparar a oferta de recursos florais entre as cultivares de Malus domestica ?Fuji?, ?Fuji Suprema?, ?Gala? e ?Imperial Gala? e avaliar a taxa de visita??o de A. mellifera. Em um pomar de cole??es, foi avaliado a abund?ncia floral, o volume do n?ctar e seu teor de S?lidos Sol?veis Totais (?Brix) e o n?mero de gr?os de p?len por flor para as quatro cultivares. Al?m disso, em um pomar experimental, foi verificada a taxa de visita??o de A. mellifera nas flores das cultivares ?Gala? e ?Fuji? e calculado um modelo linear generalizado misto para verificar qual a cultivar mais atrativa. ?Gala? foi mais atrativa para as abelhas, apresentando maior abund?ncia de flores, volume de n?ctar e quantidade de gr?os de p?len por flor. Comparando os recursos florais das cultivares analisadas (?Fuji?, ?Fuji Suprema?, ?Gala? e ?Imperial Gala?), ?Imperial Gala? pode ser considerada a cultivar mais atrativa.
Dalbem, Ricardo Vieira. "Diversidade de insetos predadores em pomares cítricos orgânicos e agroflorestais no Vale do Caí, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26742.
Full textBiodiversity has an important role in the management of pests in agroecosystems. The organic and agroforestry production systems represent management techniques which can contribute to the establishment of a greater diversity, including that of beneficial organisms. Among these, are the predator insects, with potential to the natural biological control of pests. This work aimed to sample the diversity of predator insects and verify if the agroforestry management favors a greater diversity of this group in comparison to the traditional organic management. Monthly samples were done with the use of the beating and sweeping net methods, during twelve (12) months, in four citric orchards in properties situated at the Caí Valley, two with agroforestry management and two with organic management. Overall, 502 predator insects, belonging to 43 species were collected, distributed in five orders and nine families. The richest group was Coccinelidae (Coleoptera), sampled mostly on the citrus trees with the beating method, while the most abundant one was Formicidae (Hymenoptera), sampled mostly in the spontaneous vegetation with the sweeping net method. The sampling methods complement each other in the sampling of the entomofauna present in the agroecosystems. The richness estimators showed that sampling sufficiency was not achieved. The abundance distribution followed the pattern found for arthropods in tropical regions, with a lot of rare species. The agroforestry orchards had higher diversity indexes than the organic orchards. The agroforestry managed orchards were richer than the organic managed ones, when richness was plotted against abundance. The faunal composition was distinct between the orchards, but not among the seasons. Results show that the agroforestry management stimulates the establishment of a higher diversity of predator insects. The orchard structural and floristic diversity is important, as the spontaneous plants and the surrounding vegetation seems to be important reservoirs for these organisms.
Cysne, Alex Queiroz. "Epidemiologia comparativa da resinose (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) do cajueiro em pomares comerciais o semi-árido nordestino." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1429.
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Presently, a cashew disease known as gummosis, caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, deserves special attention due to its infection to branches and trunks of woody plants imposing significantly reduction in nut yield. As the importance of disease increases, it becomes of fundamental importance the development of epidemiological studies to understand the ecological aspects involved on disease establishment and progress. This work aimed to study gummosis dynamics in time and space in three different clones of cashew. Patterns of dispersion in space and disease progress on time, as well as the components involved on these models such as disease progress curve, maximum disease intensity, area under the disease progress curve and the point of initial disease were studied analyzed in order to compare epidemics in the three clones with different disease reactions. The study was conducted in a commercial cashew farm in Pio IX district in Piaui state, Brazil. Gummosis incidence and severity data of collected from 2002 to 2007 were used for both time and space analyses for BRS 226, Embrapa 51 and Faga 11 clones. Disregarding differences in disease occurrence and severity among clones, a random pattern of dispersion was observed at the beginning of the epidemic followed by the development of new foci and expansion of original foci. Later, a clustered pattern was observed. Clones showed different fitness to epidemic models accordingly with their degree of susceptibility. Comparison of epidemics based on their components have shown significant differences among clones, providing evidence for the potential use of host resistance as a means of gummosis control.
Atualmente, a doença conhecida como resinose, causada pelo fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae, vem merecendo destaque no semi-árido brasileiro devido ao ataque em galhos e ramos lenhosos da planta, provocando significativas perdas na produção de castanha. O desenvolvimento de estudos epidemiológicos é de fundamental importância no entendimento dos aspectos ecológicos envolvidos na ocorrência e progresso da doença. Este trabalho objetivou realizar estudos sobre a dinâmica espaço-temporal do patógeno em três diferentes clones de cajueiro. Foram estimadas a dispersão desta doença através de seu padrão espacial e temporal na área em estudo, estudando-se os componentes das análises como os modelos de curva de progresso da doença, intensidade máxima da doença, início de aparecimento dos sintomas e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, de forma a comparar epidemiologicamente o desenvolvimento desta doença em clones com diferentes reações. As áreas de estudo estão localizadas em uma propriedade situada no município de Pio IX, PI. Os dados de incidência e severidade foram coletados entre os anos de 2002 e 2007, e utilizados nas análises espaciais e temporais para os clones BRS 226, Embrapa 51 e Faga 11. Mesmo apresentando diferenças quanto à incidência e severidade, foi observado que a doença assume um modelo aleatório de dispersão no início da epidemia, e que o aumento da incidência se dá pelo surgimento de novos focos unitários e crescimento dos focos antes existentes. Posteriormente, registrou-se uma agregação de plantas doentes. Os clones apresentaram ajustes a diferentes modelos epidemiológicos de acordo com o grau de susceptibilidade. As comparações entre as epidemias baseadas nos seus componentes apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os clones de cajueiro, sugerindo o uso potencial da resistência genética do hospedeiro como método de controle da resinose do cajueiro.
Efrom, Caio Fabio Stoffel. "Dinâmica populacional de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: gracillariidae) e de parasitóides em pomares orgânicos de citros." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8986.
Full textAspects of population dynamics of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lep.: Gracillariidae) the citrus-leaf-miner and its parasitoids were evaluated through fortnightly samplings from July/2003 to June/2005 in two orchards organically managed: one of tangerine cultivar Montenegrina (Citrus deliciosa) and the other of tangor Murcott (C. sinensis x C. reticulata), in Montenegro (29°37’51” S, 51°28’10” W), RS. At each sampling occasion, in 24 randomly selected trees, all leaves containing the leaf-miner pupal chambers were examined. In laboratory, the leaf portion containing the miner pupal chamber was individualized in a glass tube and kept in controlled conditions until the emergence of parasitoids or P. citrella. From July/2004 to June/2005, eight shoots per plant were collected from 12 plants in each orchard and 12 interception traps/orchard were installed to capture adults of P. citrella. The number of leaves, miners, eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella and parasitoids were registered in each shoot. The number of shoots per plant canopy was estimated in the two years. The colonization pattern and resource usage by the miner was similar in both orchards. The highest densities of mines, eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella were verified at summer and autumn. The average number of adults and immatures of P. citrella was similar among the cultivars. The parasitoids Ageniaspis citricola, Cirrospilus neotropicus, Cirrospilus floridensis, Elasmus sp. 1 e Chrysocharis vonones were registered. The parasitoids diversity was similar among the cultivars and different among years. About 60% of the annual flushing scape from leaf-miner attack. The maximum temperature had a greatest influence on the citrus-leaf-miner and its parasitoids, but after its establishment, the P. citrella shows correlation with the flushings. The parasitism attained 23,3% in Montenegrina and 24,9% in Murcott. The droughty periods along the study could be influenced the populations of the miner and parasitoids
Silva, Aldilane Mendonça da. "Diagnostico nutricional de pomares de laranja pêra [citrus sinensis (l.) Osbeck] na região de Manaus - AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3027.
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O diagnóstico nutricional é fundamental na condução de um pomar cítrico, pois o manejo nutricional é um importante fator de produção, principalmente na região norte onde os solos apresentam elevada acidez e baixa reserva de nutrientes. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o estado nutricional de pomares de laranjeira pêra na região de Manaus, mediante análise de solo e foliar. Foram selecionados 5 pomares comerciais, nos municípios de Manaus, Rio Preto da Eva, Iranduba, Manacapuru e Presidente Figueiredo. Cada pomar foi dividido em glebas, sendo que cada gleba foi formada por quatro plantas de laranja Pêra , enxertadas sobre o limão Cravo . No total foram avaliadas 80 glebas no ano de 2010. Em cada gleba foram coletadas amostras de solo (0-20 e 20-40 cm) e amostras de folhas em ramos frutíferos. Os resultados indicaram que as condições de manejo da cultura realizada pelos citricultores da região de Manaus são diferentes para cada município. Que a dose de calcário aplicada pelos citricultores da região de Manaus está acima da dose recomendada. Quanto à análise de solo de (0-20 e 20-40 cm) as mesmas apontaram deficiência de P e K e excesso de S. Enquanto que a análise foliar indicou deficiência em Mn, Zn, Ca, B, K e S e excesso de N e P. Dessa forma, os resultados permitem concluir que houve um diagnóstico diferente entre a análise foliar e de solo quanto aos nutrientes P e S.
Sales, Tiago de Melo. "Dinâmica populacional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) em pomares cítricos do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-23062015-160144/.
Full textHuanglongbing (HLB) is the most important citrus disease in the world, affecting all cultivated citrus varieties, and it is very difficult to control. In Brazil, HLB is spreading in the major citrus producing areas and causing huge losses to the citriculture. Disease management depends on integration of different methods, including control of the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). In order to effectively monitor and control this vector, it is necessary to understand his population dynamics in citrus orchards, identifying regions and seasons where the insect develops higher populations. This study was designed to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of D. citri in citrus orchards of Sao Paulo State, examining the effect of different regions, seasons and plant age. Surveys of psyllid populations and citrus shoots were carried out over two years in six locations, representing three growing regions of São Paulo State, in citrus orchards of different ages, where all life stages of D. citri and citrus shoots were sampled. The spatial distribution of D. citri was analyzed by geostatistics in orchards of two municipalities of the central region of São Paulo State. The efficacy of sampling methods (yellow sticky cards vs. visual inspections) and sampling height on the tree canopy for estimating psyllid populations and number of citrus shoots was investigated as well; this particular study was conducted in two orchards of different ages, in the central region. Significant effects of region, orchard age and seasons of the year on the population of D. citri were observed. The highest insect populations are present in the central region, where the insect occurs more frequently throughout the year, followed by the northwestern and southern regions of São Paulo State. More nymphs occurred in younger orchards, but the adult population does not necessarily occur in higher numbers in the younger orchards. Spring was the season of highest populations of D. citri, but population increases can occur at any time if there are shoots present and the weather is favorable. The sampling height influenced the number of D. citri adults trapped by yellow sticky cards in the older orchard, and the numbers of psyllid eggs, nymphs and adults, as well as of citrus shoots, visualized on the younger orchard. More accurate sampling data were generated by using yellow sticky traps compared with visual inspections. Yellow sticky traps should be placed closer to the top of the citrus tree for better accuracy. D. citri showed aggregated pattern and strong spatial dependence in most sampling dates and in orchards of different ages. Foci were identified in the orchards, with a mean area of aggregation of 1,257 m².
Cavani, Felipe Alves. "Análise de cenas de pomares de laranjeiras através de segmentação de imagens e reconhecimento de padrões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-17012011-123819/.
Full textAutomation systems are usually used in the industry to optimize the production. In the agroindustry, these systems are used with the same intentions. Among them are systems that use computer vision for inspection, mechanized harvest, vehicles and robots guidance and other applications. Because of this, in the present work, techniques of computer vision were used to segment and classify elements in the images from oranges orchards. A modular architecture was used. The image are automatically segmented and, then the segments are classified. In this architecture, the segmentation algorithm and the classifier can be modified without loss of flexibility. The experiments were carried out with 658 images. These images were acquired under different illumination conditions during the period that the fruits are mature. These experiments were carried out to evaluate, in the context of developed architecture, the segmentation algorithm JSEG, characteristics vectors derived from the colors spaces RGB and HSV and three classifiers: Bayes\'s classifier, Bayes\'s naive classifier and multilayer perceptron classifier. Finally, the class maps were constructed. The Figueiredo-Jain algorithm was used to estimate the probability distribution functions. The results show that the segmentation algorithm is adequate to this work and the Bayes classifier is more practical that the multilayer perceptron classifier. Finally, the architecture is adequate for recognition of images acquired in orange orchards.
Kuhn, Paulo Roberto. "DIVERSIDADE DA NEMATOFAUNA EM POMARES DE VIDEIRA COM SINTOMAS DE DECLÍNIO E AGRESSIVIDADE DE Mesocriconema xenoplax." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4944.
Full textHad it aimed in this study to survey the plant-parasitic nematodes in the Serra Gaúcha vineyards with symptoms of decline; evaluate the pathogenicity and aggressiveness Mesocriconema xenoplax in vine and peach; and test the susceptibility of weed and forage the two population M. xenoplax.First we evaluated the diversity of genres and populcional density of plant-parasitic nematode genera associated to nine vineyards of the Serra Gaúcha.In the survey the Mesocriconema genera were identified; Ogma; Meloidogyne; Paratrichodorus; Helicotylenchus; Xiphinema; Pratylenchus; Hemicicliophora and free-living nematodes, and the free living nematodes and Mesocrinema apresentram in more densely populated than others.The following was characterized biochemically by electrophoresis populations and morphological and morphometric Meloidogine three populations of ringed nematode Mesocriconema genre with the highest population levels, eight esterásticas bands were identified and four phenotypes of esterase (Est) which corresponded to the species M. javanica Est J3, M. incognita Est I2, M. arenaria and M. hapla A2 Est Est H1. the only species identified the Mesocriconema gender was Mesocriconema xenoplax.Subsequently, three cultivars room (Concord, Niagara pink, Claret) and a rootstock (Paulsen) vine and the cultivar Peach Capdbosq were inoculated or not with 2000 M. xenoplax specimens from four different populations, coming from three vineyards Serra Gaúcha and a coming of peach orchard in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, kept in the collection by Embrapa Clima Temperado.Every 30 days was determined chlorophyll content of plants. After 180 inoculation, the plants of each treatment were measured morphologically and analyzed for length of the main branch, fresh weight of aerial part, stem diameter, main root length, fresh weight of root and leaf area. Also enzymatic activity was determined peroxidase branches of each plant.Then the soil in each sample was processed for determination of the final population and calculating the reproduction factor of each population of M. xenoplax each cultivar to evaluate the pathogenicity of the nematode and aggressiveness.Among the populations of M. xenoplax tested, it was observed that there is a difference as to the aggressiveness characterizing the population 2 of from vine to be the most aggressive, which is pathogenic to all genotypes of grapevine, the board was cultivating the most susceptible.In the evaluation of forage species to populations d M. xenoplax tested, vetch, sunn hemp, bermudagrass and grass evergreen, provided higher FR M. xenoplax, being considered as susceptible host plants and vine groves and peach with a history of presence of M. xenoplax must be eliminated. Unlike grasses oat; oats; ryegrass; millet and sorghum can be used as cover crops in orchards and vine peach contaminated with Mesocriconema xenoplax due to its low reproducibility in these plants.
Teve-se por objetivo neste estudo realizar um levantamento da nematofauna em pomares de videira da Serra Gaúcha que apresentavam sintomas de declínio; avaliar a patogenicidade e agressividade do nematoide anelado Mesocriconema xenoplax em videira e pessegueiro; e testar a suscetibilidade de plantas daninhas e forrageiras a duas populações de M. xenoplax. O estudo da diversidade e densidade populacional de nematoides foi realizado nove pomares de videira da Serra Gaúcha, onde foram identificados os gêneros Mesocriconema; Ogma; Meloidogyne; Paratrichodorus; Helicotylenchus; Xiphinema; Pratylenchus; Hemicicliophora e nematoides de vida-livre, sendo que os nematoides de vida livre e Mesocriconema apresentaram-se em maior densidade populacional que os demais. Caracterizou-se bioquimicamente pela técnica de eletroforese as populações de Meloidogyne e morfometricamente três populações do gênero Mesocriconema. Para Meloidogyne foram identificados oito bandas esterásticas e quatro fenótipos de esterase (Est) os quais corresponderam às espécies Meloidogyne javanica Est J3, M. incognita Est I2, M. arenaria Est A2 e M. hapla Est H1 e identificada apenas uma espécie, M. xenoplax. Posteriormente, três cultivares copa (Concord, Niagara rosada, Bordô) e um porta-enxerto (Paulsen) de videira e a cultivar de pessegueiro Capdbosq foram inoculadascom 2000 espécimes de M. xenoplax de quatro populações distintas, três oriundas de pomares de videira da Serra Gaúcha e uma oriunda de pomar de pessegueiro do município de Pelotas, RS. Após a instação do insaio, a cada 30 dias foi determinado o teor de clorofila das plantas, e aos 180 dias as plantas foram analisadas quanto ao comprimento do ramo principal, massa fresca da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, comprimento da raiz principal, massa fresca do sistema radicular e área foliar. Também foi determinada a atividade enzimática de peroxidase dos ramos de cada planta. A seguir, foram processados os solos e determinado o fator de reprodução de cada população de M. xenoplax para avaliação da patogenicidade e agressividade do nematoide. Entre as populações de M. xenoplax testadas, observou-se que existe diferença quanto à agressividade, caracterizando-se a população 2 proveniente de videira como a mais agressiva, sendo esta patogênica a todos genótipos testados, cuja cultivar Bordô foi a mais suscetível. Na avaliação das espécies forrageiras as populações de M. xenoplax testadas, ervilhaca, crotalária, grama-seda e grama sempre-verde, proporcionaram maior FR, sendo consideradas como plantas hospedeiras suscetíveis em pomares de videira e pessegueiro com histórico da presença de M. xenoplax. As gramíneas aveia branca; aveia preta; azevém; milheto e sorgo, foram consideradoas como más hospedeiras a Mesocriconema xenoplax.
Oliveira, Ana Paula Souza. "Avaliação da flutuação populacional de adultos e formas jovens de grandes lagartas em pomares de macieira." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1145.
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During all the crop cycle the apple tree (Malus domestica), is damaged by a group of Lepidoptera insect species identified as "big caterpillars" of the families Noctuidae and Geometridae. The big caterpilars would cause losses to the apple production by damaging leaves and fruits. Due the economic importance, mainly for the regions of southern Brazil, there is a need to protect the apple plants against the attack of the main pests and establishment of monitoring forms to avoid the increasing population of pests in commercial orchards. Thus, the present study aimed to monitor in the field the phase of eggs, larvae and adults of the Physocleora dimidiaria, Pseudoplusia includens and Peridroma saucia species and assess the fruit damage caused by these species. In randomized block design with four replications was tested the following floral attractives: T1 - Attractive 1; T2 - Attractive 2; T3 - Attractive 3; T4 - Attractive 4; T5 - Attractive 5 and T - Control (without attractive substance). The tested substances were delivered in one mL eppendorfes tubes closed with cotton and fixed on the sticky bottoms of delta traps hung at 1.65 m from the ground. The substances were replaced every 45 days. Weekly recordings of moths catches were done to obtain the adults population. For monitoring caterpillars in the rows vegetation it was used a sweeping net by sweeping motions starting 5 meters forward and backward from sampled plants with traps. The occurrences of postures (eggs) and caterpillars were also evaluated in the apple plants located at the left, right and in front of the trapped plant itself. All the collected material were stored in plastic containers and sent to the Entomology Laboratory of EEFCT for screening. For the fruit damage assessment 2400 fruits were harvested and visually evaluated for external damages caused by big caterpillars . All data were submitted to the transformation of √ x +1 and the Duncan test at 5% level of probability. The results showed that the species P. dimidiaria were present during all apple grow season both as adult (288 moths) and as caterpillar phase, present in sprouts plants (24) and in the rows vegetation (12 larvae) of the orchard. The species P. includens was present in some plants as caterpillar phase (10 larvae) and as moths were captured in traps (175 adults) and its population ranging from one season to another. Postures of P. saucia (65) were found in apple plants, but none of them hatched, only 7 adults of this species were captured and no caterpillar was found on apple trees. The damage caused by species of "big caterpillars" in this study were 1.54% in the first and 2.5% in the second apple crop seasons. In general the floral attractive captured 649 and 671 adults of the three moths species in the first and second harvest, respectively
Durante todo o ciclo de cultivo a macieira (Malus domestica) é atacada por um conjunto de espécies de insetos da Ordem Lepidoptera, definidas como "grandes lagartas" pertencentes as famílias Noctuidae e Geometridae, responsáveis por danos como desfolha e perfurações em frutos, causando perdas de produção. Devido a importância econômica da macieira, principalmente para as regiões produtoras do Sul do Brasil, há a necessidade de proteger as plantas contra o ataque das principais pragas e estabelecer formas de monitoramento para evitar o aumento da população das pragas em pomares comerciais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo monitorar o comportamento das fases de postura, de lagarta e de adultos das espécies Physocleora dimidiaria, Pseudoplusia includens e Peridroma saucia, bem como avaliar os danos causados por estas espécies. Em delineamento de blocos casualisados com quatro repetições foi testado a campo os seguintes atrativos florais: T1 Atrativo 1; T2 Atrativo 2; T3 Atrativo 3; T4 Atrativo 4; T5 Atrativo 5 e T Testemunha (sem substância atrativa). Um mL de cada atrativo foi colocado em tubos eppendorfes vedados com algodão e fixados no piso colante de armadilhas tipo Delta presas a planta a 1,65 m do solo e trocados a cada 45 dias. As armadilhas foram monitoradas semanalmente coletando-se as mariposas capturadas para obter-se a flutuação populacional de adultos. Para o monitoramento de lagartas nas entre linhas foi utilizada rede de varredura partindo 5 metros a frente e 5 metros para trás das plantas com armadilhas. Foram vistoriadas as plantas de macieira localizadas a esquerda, a direita e a frente e a própria planta com armadilha em busca de posturas e lagartas. Todos os indivíduos coletados foram acondicionados em potes plásticos e encaminhados para triagem no laboratório de Entomologia da EEFCT. Para avaliação de danos, 2400 frutos foram colhidos e avaliados visualmente. Todos os dados foram submetidos a transformação de √x+1 e ao teste de Duncan a nível de 5 % de probabilidade. Os resultados mostraram que a espécie P. dimidiaria está presente durante todos os estádios fenológicos da macieira tanto na fase de adulto (288 mariposas) como na fase de lagarta, presente nos rebrotes das plantas (24) e na vegetação (12) das entre linhas do pomar. A espécie P. includens esteve presente em algumas plantas na fase de lagarta (10 indivíduos) e quando mariposa foi capturada em armadilhas (175 adultos), oscilando sua população de uma safra para outra. Posturas de P. saucia (65) foram encontradas em plantas de macieira, porém nenhum ovo eclodiu, somente 7 adultos desta espécie foram capturados e nenhuma lagarta foi encontrada nas macieiras. Os danos causados pelas espécies de grandes lagartas neste estudo foram de 1,54 % na primeira safra e de 2,5 % na segunda. Em geral os atrativos florais capturaram 649 e 671 adultos das três espécies de mariposas na primeira e segunda safra, respectivamente
Donno, Patrick. "Contribuição para o estudo da utilização da poda mecânica de verão em pomares superintensivos de amendoeira." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30145.
Full textMiranda, Marcelo Pedreira de. "Levantamento de cigarrinhas (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) vetoras de Xylella fastidiosa em pomares cítricos do litoral norte da Bahia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-08032004-155506/.
Full textThis study was carried out to identify vectors or potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. in citrus groves of the north coast of Bahia State, Brazil, based on a faunistic survey and determination of predominant sharpshooter leafhoppers (subfamily Cicadellinae). The survey was carried out from March/2002 to February/2003 in five old sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cv. Pêra, grafted on rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck); 7-9 years old] groves of northeastern Bahia State, located in Alagoinhas, Inhambupe and Rio Real. Fifteen yellow sticky cards (8,5 X 11,5 cm) were installed 40x40 m apart in each grove, hanged at the height of 1.5 m on the upper north side of citrus canopies. Cards were replaced monthly or fortnightly. A sweep net was periodically used to sample leafhoppers in the herbaceous weeds inside the groves, by selecting five points at random and performing 30 sweeps in each point (sample unit). Data was uses to calculate indices of constancy, frequency, abundance, dominance, diversity, equitability and similarity. A total of 1860 specimens of 54 species belonging to 7 families of suborder Auchenorrhyncha were collected, most of them in the families Cicadellidae (84,3%) and Membracidae (14,2%). A larger number of species was observed in a grove located nearby a non-degraded native wood. The subfamily Cicadellinae, which includes the sharphooter vectors of X. fastidiosa, showed the largest number of species (15) and specimens (63,92%). There was a variation in Cicadellinae species composition depending upon the sampling method, which indicates that two distinct groups of potential sharpshooter vectors are inhabiting the citrus canopy and the weedy vegetation. Acrogonia flagellata Young, A. citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Homalodica sp. e Cicadellini sp.1 predominate in the yellow sticky cards hanged on the citrus canopy, whereas Hortensia similis (Walker) e Erythrogonia dubia (Medler) were dominant species on weeds. Among the Cicadellinae species already known as vectors of X. fastidiosa in citrus, only A. citrina, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) e Ferrariana trivittata (Signoret) were found; the two latter species were accidentally trapped by sweep net in the weedy vegetation. Among the new potential vectors, A. flagellata, Homalodisca sp. e Cicadellini sp.1 are predominant species in citrus groves of the north coast of Bahia and should be tested with respect to their ability to transmit X. fastidiosa to citrus.
Mielezrski, Gleidyane Novais Lopes. "Análise quantitativa, sobreposição de nicho e coocorrência de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em três pomares adjacentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-25062014-095555/.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to know the seasonal patterns of abundance and the potential for positive and negative associations among fruit fly species belong to Anastrepha and Ceratitis capitata. The collecting sites were at experimental station of the Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico dos Agronegócios do Leste Paulista/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (PRDTALP/APTA), in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil. Fruit flies were collected in McPhail-type traps baited with torula hung in trees of guava (Psidium guajava), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and peach (Prunus persica), from January 2002 to January 2004. Three traps were distributed in each orchard, and the bait was replaced weekly. Specimens of Anastrepha and C. capitata were sexed, quantified, labeled, and conserved in 70% ethanol. The identification of Anastrepha species was based exclusively on females. Communities of fruit flies were characterized by faunal indices such as dominance, abundance, frequency and constancy, diversity (H\'), richness and evenness (E). The influence of orchards on the population dynamics of the dominant fruit fly species was estimated by physiographic indices. Based on null models, the niche overlap and co-occurrence of population of fruit flies were studied, for the first time in Brazil. From 106 collections, were obtained 25,872 specimens of Ceratitis capitata (21,252 females and 4,620 males) and 89,958 of the genus Anastrepha (48,042 females and 41,916 males). Thirteen species of Anastrepha were collected in guava, 19 in loquat, and 6 in peach orchard. The predominant species, classified as a super on the four quantitative parameters, were A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. obliqua (Macquart) and C. capitata (Wiedemann). There were significant differences in the physiographic index and humidity only to A. bistrigata and C. capitata in guava orchard and A. fraterculus, A. bistrigata and C. capitata in loquat orchard. In the peach orchard, there was no significant difference for the species studied. Anastrepha fraterculus was the most significant species in the orchards of guava and loquat, and C. capitata was the most significant species in peach orchard. The community characteristics (diversity, richness and evenness) changed from year to year. Further on climatic factors and host availability, interspecific competition also interfered with the population dynamics of fruit flies. Ceratitis capitata and A. pseudoparallela showed little or no frequency, respectively, together other Anastrepha species in guava and loquat orchards. However, in the peach orchard, C. capitata occurred in significant aggregations with some species of Anastrepha. Anastrepha fraterculus was not strongly influenced by interspecific factors at the experimental station in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil.
Poltronieri, Alex Sandro. "Bioecologia de Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em pomares de pessegueiro no município de Araucária, Paraná /." oai:ufpr.br:233675, 2007. http://200.17.209.5:8000/cgi-bin/gw_42_13/chameleon.42.13a?host=localhost%201111%20DEFAULT&sessionid=VTLS&function=CARDSCR&search=KEYWORD&pos=1&u1=12101&t1=233675.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007
Inclui bibliografia
Área de concentração: Produção vegetal
Schuber, Joselia Maria. "Diversidade de afídeos e inimigos naturais em pomares de pessegueiros com diferentes sistemas de produção, Araucária, Paraná /." oai:ufpr.br:233674, 2007. http://200.17.209.5:8000/cgi-bin/gw_42_13/chameleon.42.13a?host=localhost%201111%20DEFAULT&sessionid=VTLS&function=CARDSCR&search=KEYWORD&pos=1&u1=12101&t1=233674.
Full textOrientador: Lino Bittencourt Monteiro
Co-orientadora: Lúcia Massutti de Almeida
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007
Inclui bibliografia e anexos
Área de concentração: Produção vegetal
Sant'ana, Vanessa Zaffani [UNESP]. "Proporção sexual em populações de Myracrodruon urundeuva para fins de formação de pomares de sementes por mudas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151899.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) é uma espécie dioica e se encontra na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, devido ao seu alto valor econômico e à destruição do seu habitat. Dessa forma, se faz necessária a adoção de estratégias para a conservação ex situ dessa espécie arbórea nativa, de tal modo que a variabilidade genética das populações seja mantida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a proporção sexual, a sobrevivência e a variação genética do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), em seis testes de progênies de M. urundeuva provenientes de seis populações distintas originárias de três biomas (Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). O delineamento utilizado, em cada teste de progênies, foi o de bloco casualizado. As estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, para os caracteres quantitativos para os caracteres quantitativos, DAP e sobrevivência, foram realizadas pelo método REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita / melhor predição linear não viciada). O tamanho efetivo da população foi calculado com base no número de indivíduos com flores masculinas e femininas, em um modelo que não há controle de gametas (RS). Verificou-se com base nas estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos que as procedências de Itarumã e Seridó expressam maior variação genética para o caráter DAP, o que possibilita sua utilização na conservação e no melhoramento genético. Foram encontrados altos percentuais de sobrevivência o que caracteriza uma ótima adaptação da espécie no local de plantio. A proporção sexual foi tendenciosa, com predominância de plantas com florescimento masculino (3♂:1♀), porém a maior parte dos indivíduos de M. urundeuva, procedentes dos diferentes biomas, não floresceram em Selvíria-MS. O tamanho efetivo populacional variou conforme a razão sexual, sendo que os testes de progênies que se aproximaram mais do valor real de indivíduos reprodutivos foram aqueles originários de Seridó (RN), Itarumã (GO) e Petrolina (PE). As subpopulações dos testes de progênies de Itarumã e Selvíria são as mais próximas geneticamente da população de referência (T), ou seja, possuem a mesma representatividade genética. Portanto, a seleção dos indivíduos dentro dos testes de progênies não deve considerar apenas o caráter de crescimento (DAP), mas também basear-se na razão sexual e no tamanho efetivo populacional, para a sua futura transformação em um pomar de sementes por mudas.
The aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) is a dioecious species and is on the list of endangered species due to its high economic value and the destruction of its habitat. That way, becomes necessary the adoption of strategies for the ex situ conservation of native tree species, such that the genetic variability of populations is maintained. The objective of this work was to quantify the sex ratio, the survival and the genetic variation of the diameter at breast height (DBH), on six test progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva from six distinct populations originating three biomes (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The design used, in each progeny test, was a randomized block design. Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters, for quantitative traits DBH and survival, were obtained by REML / BLUP method (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear prediction untainted). The effective population size was calculated based on the number of individuals with male and female flowers in the population, in a model that there is no control of gametes (RS). It was verified based on the estimates of the genetic parameters that the Itarumã and Seridó provenances express greater genetic variation for the DBH character, which allows their use in conservation and genetic improvement. High survival percentages were found, which characterizes an optimal adaptation of the species at the planting site. The sex ratio was biased, with predominance of male flowering plants (3♂:1♀), but most of M. urundeuva individuals, from the different biomes, did not flower in Selvíria-MS. The effective population size varied according to the sex ratio, being that the progeny tests that approached more of the real value of reproductive individuals were those originating from Seridó (RN), Itarumã (GO) and Petrolina (PE). The subpopulations of the tests progenies of Itarumã and Selvíria are the closest genetically of the reference population (T), that is, they have the same genetic representativeness. Therefore, the selection of individuals within the progeny tests should not only consider the growth trait (DBH), but also be based on sex ratio and effective population size for its future transformation into a Seed Orchard.
FAPESP: 2015/15693-7
Sant'Ana, Vanessa Zaffani. "Proporção sexual em populações de Myracrodruon urundeuva para fins de formação de pomares de sementes por mudas /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151899.
Full textResumo: A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) é uma espécie dioica e se encontra na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, devido ao seu alto valor econômico e à destruição do seu habitat. Dessa forma, se faz necessária a adoção de estratégias para a conservação ex situ dessa espécie arbórea nativa, de tal modo que a variabilidade genética das populações seja mantida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a proporção sexual, a sobrevivência e a variação genética do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), em seis testes de progênies de M. urundeuva provenientes de seis populações distintas originárias de três biomas (Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). O delineamento utilizado, em cada teste de progênies, foi o de bloco casualizado. As estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, para os caracteres quantitativos para os caracteres quantitativos, DAP e sobrevivência, foram realizadas pelo método REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita / melhor predição linear não viciada). O tamanho efetivo da população foi calculado com base no número de indivíduos com flores masculinas e femininas, em um modelo que não há controle de gametas (RS). Verificou-se com base nas estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos que as procedências de Itarumã e Seridó expressam maior variação genética para o caráter DAP, o que possibilita sua utilização na conservação e no melhoramento genético. Foram encontrados altos percentuais de sobrevivência o que caracteriza uma ótima adaptação da espécie no l... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) is a dioecious species and is on the list of endangered species due to its high economic value and the destruction of its habitat. That way, becomes necessary the adoption of strategies for the ex situ conservation of native tree species, such that the genetic variability of populations is maintained. The objective of this work was to quantify the sex ratio, the survival and the genetic variation of the diameter at breast height (DBH), on six test progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva from six distinct populations originating three biomes (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The design used, in each progeny test, was a randomized block design. Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters, for quantitative traits DBH and survival, were obtained by REML / BLUP method (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear prediction untainted). The effective population size was calculated based on the number of individuals with male and female flowers in the population, in a model that there is no control of gametes (RS). It was verified based on the estimates of the genetic parameters that the Itarumã and Seridó provenances express greater genetic variation for the DBH character, which allows their use in conservation and genetic improvement. High survival percentages were found, which characterizes an optimal adaptation of the species at the planting site. The sex ratio was biased, with predominance of male flowering plants (3♂:1♀), but ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Mendes, Ricardo Daniel Braz. "Pools de nutrientes em pomares e sua relação com a incidência de acastanhamentos internos em pera Rocha." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14841.
Full textEsta dissertação examina a fertilidade de pomares e a nutrição de pereiras (Pyrus communis), especialmente em N, P, K, Ca, Mg e B, com a incidência de acastanhamentos internos, durante o armazenamento de pera ‘Rocha’. Foi analisada a terra de 8 pomares de pereira ‘Rocha’ localizados nas Caldas da Rainha, Rio Maior e Cadaval e quantificados os nutrientes fornecidos pela fertilização e pela rega. Foi ainda determinando o estado nutricional das árvores através da análise foliar. A fruta proveniente de 8 pomares foi armazenada em atmosfera normal, atmosfera controlada e atmosfera controlada dinâmica, entre setembro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à incidência e severidade de core browning, cavidades brancas, cavidades com necroses e flesh browning. Foram determinadas as exportações de nutrientes pelos frutos. Foi também analisado o teor mineral dos frutos a partir de peras sãs e lesadas com algum tipo de acastanhamento. Os resultados revelaram que a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas e a concentração de nutrientes no solo não são covariantes. Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre incidência total de acastanhamentos internos e o teor de fósforo nas folhas, o teor de ferro nos frutos, e ainda com as quantidades de azoto fornecido pela fertilização. A incidência de acastanhamentos internos esteve negativamente correlacionada com o teor de fósforo e de magnésio nos solos e nas quantidades fornecidas pela adubação, com os teores de manganês nos solos e nas folhas, com o teor de cobre nas folhas e com o teor de sódio nos solos. A incidência de acastanhamentos internos não esteve correlacionada com os teores de cálcio e boro na matéria seca dos frutos
N/A
Jansen, Tatiana da Costa. "Detecção e caracterização de Xylella fastidiosa em pomares de citros no estado do Amazonas e em São Paulo." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2008. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4372.
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SUFRAMA - Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus
The Chlorosis Variegad of Citrus (CVC) popularly known as small yealow is a disease that is attacking the Brazilian orchards since 1987, with the causal agent the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa that colonizes the xilematic vessels mainly of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis). In the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais the disease has great impact especially in the north, northeastern state of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais triangle, regions of warm climate where the bacteria presents major conditions for growth in xilematic vessels. There were isolated strains of X. fastidiosa of thirteen municipalities between Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. The strains of X. fastidiosa in seedlings were inoculated in a greenhouse where there are differences in symptoms of plants and bacterial virulence. Among those inoculated strains of the municipalities Neves Paulista, Matão, Jeriquara and had greater frequency of symptoms, since the municipality Capela do Alto, southern state of São Paulo had the lowest frequency of symptoms. The CVC has been detected in several Brazilian states, but no reports of the occurrence of CVC had been done to the state of Amazonas, where the cultivation of citrus is being commercially exploited by at least three decades. An evaluation sample was held in Manaus, President Figueiredo, Itacoatiara, Balbina and Rio Preto da Eva, in the period August to December 2003, March to December 2004 and 2005 and January to March 2006. Were observed symptoms of CVC in sheets, as chlorotic spots arranged in front of leaves and straw color injuries in the back. Collected up 10 leafs of each plant for the isolation of the bacterium, extracting DNA and PCR specific for the identification and confirmation of the occurrence of the pathogen. According to the results presented were unable to detect the occurrence of CVC of citrus orchards in the state of Amazonas.
A Clorose Variegada do Citros (CVC) popularmente conhecida como amarelinho é uma doença que vem atacando os pomares brasileiros desde 1987, tendo como agente causal a bactéria Xylella fastidiosa que coloniza os vasos xilemáticos principalmente das laranjas doces (Citros sinensis). A doença apresenta grande incidência principalmente nas regiões norte, nordeste do estado de São Paulo e triangulo mineiro, regiões de clima quente onde a bactéria apresenta maiores condições de crescimento nos vasos xilemáticos. Foram isoladas cepas de X. fastidiosa de treze municípios entre São Paulo e Minas Gerais. As cepas de X. fastidiosa foram inoculadas em seedlings em casa de vegetação onde verificou-se diferenças na sintomatologia das plantas e na virulência bacteriana. Dentre as cepas inoculadas as dos municípios de Neves Paulista, Matão e Jeriquara apresentaram maior freqüência de sintomas, já o município de Capela do alto, sul do estado de São Paulo apresentou a menor. A CVC já foi detectada em vários estados brasileiros, mas nenhum relato da ocorrência da CVC havia sido feito para o estado do Amazonas, onde a cultura do citros vem sendo explorada comercialmente por pelo menos três décadas. Uma avaliação amostral foi realizada em Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo, Itacoatiara e Rio Preto da Eva, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2003, março a dezembro de 2004 e 2005 e janeiro a março de 2006. Foram observados sintomas de CVC em folhas, como, manchas cloróticas dispostas na parte anterior das folhas e lesões cor palha na parte posterior. Coletaram-se 10 folhas de cada planta para o isolamento da bactéria, extração de DNA e PCR específico, para a identificação e confirmação da ocorrência do patógeno. Foram encontrados sintomas de CVC em várias localidades do estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo e Rio Preto da Eva, as amostram sintomáticas foram confirmadas por PCR e através do isolamento da bactéria X. fastidiosa. De acordo com os resultados apresentados foi possível detectarmos a ocorrência de CVC nos pomares de citros do estado do Amazonas.
Zanardi, Odimar Zanuzo. "Mecanismos associados à ocorrência de surtos populacionais e manejo de Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em pomares cítricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-04052015-152001/.
Full textThe citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is still considered a pest of secondary importance in Brazilian citrus groves. However, in recent years, its population has been increasing considerably due to occurrence of mite outbreaks that, in most cases, cause considerable damage to the plants and requires the adoption of control measures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility levels of different species and varieties of citrus plants to the development and reproduction of P. citri; to elucidate the biological, behavioral and demographic causes responsible for mite population growth after application of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids insecticides; to demonstrate the impact of these pesticides on Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) predator and to verify the activity of azadirachtin-, annonin-, and matrine-based biopesticides as additional tactic of P. citri control. The results showed that the species and varieties of citrus plants showed different susceptibility levels to P. citri mite. The highest growth rates of mite population occurred in Valencia orange and Sicilian lemon compared to Pera, Natal and Hamlin oranges and Ponkan mandarin, demonstrating that these hosts can contribute to mite population growth. Among the hosts evaluated, Hamlin sweet orange showed lower growth rate of P. citri, showing that this variety is less favorable to the development and reproduction of the mite when compared to other hosts tested. In addition to the different growth rates of the mite provided by host plants, the use of pyrethroid and neonicotinoids insecticides also contributed to the P. citri population growth. Based on the results, the increase in dispersion and feeding and oviposition deterrence of the mites provided by the pyrethroids insecticides, the insensibility of the different development stages of mites to neonicotinoids insecticides and hormesis effect, characterized by increasing the fecundity of female exposed mainly to insecticides deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroids and imidacloprid neonicotinoid were the main biological and behavioral causes associated to population growth of P. citri. On the other hand, esfenvalerate and thiamethoxam insecticides did not cause a significant increase in the demographic parameters of the mite when compared to other treatments. Besides the changes in population abundance of P. citri, the pyrethroid insecticides caused reduction in survival and/or reproduction of I. zuluagai predator, demonstrating that these products can affect density and effectiveness of the predator in the biological control of arthropod pests in citrus groves. Given the increase in abundance and frequency of outbreaks of P. citri after application of pyrethroid and neonicotinoids insecticides and of impacts caused to I. zuluagai predator new management alternatives to P. citri control were investigated in this study. The results showed that the use of azadirachtin-, annonin-, and matrine-based biopesticides had high activity against P. citri and may be an important alternative in the management of the mite in replacement or rotation with synthetic acaricides. The information obtained in this study will contribute to support the integrated pest management programs of citrus groves.
Volante, Priscila Roberta [UNESP]. "Utilização de cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em pomares citrícolas: efeito no solo e na planta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146692.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, gerada pela queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar para produção de energia elétrica no setor sucroenergético, vem sendo aplicada ao solo sem critério técnico/científico. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, quando incorporada ao solo ou quando aplicada em superfície, nos atributos físicos e químicos de um Argissolo Vermelho, no crescimento das laranjeiras, na produção de frutas e na qualidade do suco, dois, três e quatro anos após a aplicação do resíduo no solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. As doses de cinza foram 0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 t ha-1 (base seca). Concluiu-se que a cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, até a dose de 40 t ha-1, pode ser distribuída em solos agrícolas, sendo esta, portanto, uma alternativa para o emprego deste resíduo, sem que o solo seja degradado física e quimicamente, e sem causar prejuízos ao desenvolvimento das laranjeiras, produção e qualidade do suco.
The ash generated by burning the sugarcane bagasse for electricity production on the sugar and ethanol industry, is being applied to the soil without technical/scientific criteria. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of sugarcane bagasse ash on soil physical and chemical attributes and on orange trees growth, and fruit and juice quality. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and five replications. The ash doses were 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 t ha-1 (dry basis). The results showed that application of sugarcane bagasse ash to the soil up to 40 ton ha-1 did not affect soil or plant attributes, being an alternative use of this residue on agricultural soils.
CNPq: 140799/2013-3
Volante, Priscila Roberta. "Utilização de cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em pomares citrícolas : efeito no solo e na planta /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146692.
Full textBanca: Maria Helena Moraes
Banca: Adolpho Valente Marcelo
Banca: Carolina Fernandes
Banca: Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho
Resumo: A cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, gerada pela queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar para produção de energia elétrica no setor sucroenergético, vem sendo aplicada ao solo sem critério técnico/científico. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, quando incorporada ao solo ou quando aplicada em superfície, nos atributos físicos e químicos de um Argissolo Vermelho, no crescimento das laranjeiras, na produção de frutas e na qualidade do suco, dois, três e quatro anos após a aplicação do resíduo no solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. As doses de cinza foram 0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 t ha-1 (base seca). Concluiu-se que a cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, até a dose de 40 t ha-1, pode ser distribuída em solos agrícolas, sendo esta, portanto, uma alternativa para o emprego deste resíduo, sem que o solo seja degradado física e quimicamente, e sem causar prejuízos ao desenvolvimento das laranjeiras, produção e qualidade do suco.
Abstract: The ash generated by burning the sugarcane bagasse for electricity production on the sugar and ethanol industry, is being applied to the soil without technical/scientific criteria. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of sugarcane bagasse ash on soil physical and chemical attributes and on orange trees growth, and fruit and juice quality. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and five replications. The ash doses were 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 t ha-1 (dry basis). The results showed that application of sugarcane bagasse ash to the soil up to 40 ton ha-1 did not affect soil or plant attributes, being an alternative use of this residue on agricultural soils
Doutor
Ott, Ana Paula. "Levantamento de cigarrinhas e aranhas em pomares de laranja Valência nos Vales do Caí e Taquari, RS, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5632.
Full textSantarosa, Emiliano. "Frequência e intensidade de poda em pomares jovens de laranjeiras 'valência' sob sistemas de manejo orgânico e convencional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18522.
Full textPruning fruit trees is a technique that can be used to control vegetative growth, to increase light penetration and air flow though the canopy, and stimulate the growth of new flowering shoots. However, the frequent and severe pruning of citrus trees have restrictions because it may reduce the fruit yield in subsequent years. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of frequency and intensity of pruning on young orchards, on organic and conventional management systems, on the development of trees and on the yield and fruit quality of ‘Valencia' oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). The trees were budded on Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. rootstock and implanted in august, 2001, at the EMATER/Ascar Training Center, located in Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul. The pruning tested were: A - control, without pruning; B - annual pruning of 15% canopy volume; C - biennial pruning of 15% canopy volume; D - biennial pruning of 30% canopy volume; E - Three-year pruning of 30% canopy volume. The experiment had a randomized complete-block design, with fourtree plots and four replications. To evaluate the results, the total fruit mass production for each plant was registered and the average weight fruit in the crops 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was determined. Aspects relating to fruit quality, total soluble solids (TSS), total acids concentration (TTA) and ratio (TSS/TTA) were assessed. The development of plants was assessed by measuring the trunk perimeter, tree height and diameter, canopy volume and yield efficiency. In orchards under seven years of age, the pruning does not change the cumulative yield, the fruit quality and its physical-chemical properties, nor the development of the trees for three seasons in the conventional orchard and for four seasons in the organic orchard. The frequencies and intensities of pruning, tested in the organic system, reduce the yield in the year after the pruning is carried out. In the conventional system, the pruning of 15% do not significantly reduce the yield the following year, and the biennial pruning of 15% provides increased fruit yield in the second season after it is carried out.
Paris, Priscila. "Acarofauna (Arachnida: Acari) em pomares de Citrus deliciosa var. Montenegrina no Vale do Caí, Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183813.
Full textThe citrus activity in Rio Grande do Sul has family farming features and occurs mainly on small proprieties, being the Caí Valley one of the main producing regions. The tangerine crop is about 15% of national production, with a predominance of Montenegrina variety. Phytophagous mites are closely associated with citrus orchards and some species are of great economic importance. Predatory mites have shown potential for biological control of pest mites. The study aimed to recognize the plant mitefauna of tangerine orchards (Citrus deliciosa) var. Montenegrina and assess environmental aspects of diversity and population dynamics, distribution of mites on the leaf surface and similarity between different orchards. Samples were accomplished from May / 2013 to May / 2014 in nine conventional orchards located in the region of the Rio Caí Valley. Branches of three plants were randomly collected in each orchard. The mites present in both leaf surfaces (abaxial and adaxial) were screened and mounted on microscope slides with Hoyer's medium and subsequently identified. It was registered a total of 7214 of mites of 29 species/morphospecies, belonging to 11 families - Acaridae, Ascidae, Cunaxidae, Eriophyidae, Iolinidae, Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae and Tydeidae – and four morphospecies belonging to Oribatida. The distribution of the mitefauna in tangerine leaves was significantly higher in the adaxial leaf surface. Tegolophus brunneus was the most abundant species and the only eudominant one. The distribution of species abundance set to the type Geometric Series curve. The indices of Simpson and Shannon demonstrated low diversity of mite fauna in the orchards. The overall similarity between the orchards at Bray-Curtis index was 46.1% and the Jaccard index was 52%. The positive correlation between Allonychus braziliensis and Amblyseius operculatus and Allonychus braziliensis and Amblyseius saopaulus suggests a predator/prey relation among these species.
López, Pajuelo Aldo Elías. "Estudio sobre los planes de acción y desarrollo de proyectos institucionales del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Pomares, Huánuco - 2015." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8479.
Full textPublicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Determina la relación entre los planes de acción y el desarrollo de proyectos institucionales del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Pomares, Huánuco - 2015. La planeación, es asumida como proceso colectivo que debe posibilitar una mayor alineación entre la orientación administrativa, la orientación académica, y la acción operativa desarrollada por las distintas dependencias académicas y por los grupos de investigación. Los planes de desarrollo institucional se ponen en práctica mediante la ejecución de planes de acción institucionales, correspondientes a cada periodo administrativo; mediante planes de acción ejecutados por las distintas dependencias académicas y administrativas, en los cuales se registran los programas y los proyectos para ejecutar; y mediante las propuestas de inversión y de financiamiento para cada cierto tiempo. La institución orienta sus esfuerzos hacia la consolidación como centro de cultura y de ciencia que por su naturaleza tiene una especial responsabilidad con la sociedad a la cual se debe; está atenta en su actividad a los patrones específicos y a las exigencias que nacen de cada campo del saber; se compromete en la búsqueda de nuevos conocimientos y de las soluciones a los problemas de la sociedad, con alto sentido humanístico y en el marco de una concepción universal. El Instituto Superior Tecnológico Pomares a través de sus actores forjadores de la institución promueve la creación, el desarrollo y la adaptación del conocimiento en beneficio del crecimiento humano y científico; la reafirmación de los valores de la nacionalidad, en su diversidad étnica y cultural; el respeto a las diferentes ideologías; la expansión de las áreas de creación y disfrute de la cultura; la protección y el aprovechamiento nacional de los recursos naturales, en el horizonte de la ecoética de la región de Huánuco. Considerando que el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Pomares se rige por un plan de desarrollo general diseñado para un periodo de tiempo variable y por planes y proyectos específicos para cada unidad académica, como lo consagra el estatuto general de la institución. Reitera su compromiso con el proyecto de convertir la institución en “una institución investigadora, innovadora y humanista al servicio de las región de Huánuco y por qué no decir del país”.
Tesis
Corsato, Clarice Diniz Alvarenga. "Moscas-das-Frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares de goiaba no norte de Minas Gerais: biodiversidade, parasitóides e controle biológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-29092004-165942/.
Full textThe occurrence of fruit flies is a factor of concern every year in the irrigated areas in the north of Minas Gerais State, mainly in guava orchards, because they cause increases in the costs and losses in the production. To establish a fruit fly program control, it is necessary the previous knowledge of the ecological aspects of the tephritids and its parasitoids. Therefore, the objective of this work was to know the biodiversity of fruit flies and its parasitoids in two commercial guava orchards, the fruit flies infestation levels and the capacity of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata to parasitize fruit flies in guava in the north of Minas Gerais State. After three years of samplings, with McPhail type traps and on fruits, a total of 48,482 tephritids, was collected being 45,012 specimens of Anastrepha and 3,470 of Ceratitis capitata. Eighteen species of Anastrepha were captured; A. turpiniae, A. manihoti, A. leptozona and A. barbiellinii were registered for the first time in the north of Minas Gerais State. A. zenildae and A. fraterculus represented 90% of all fruit flies collected in traps and were placed in the category super of dominancy, frequency, abundance and constancy. Only C. capitata, A. zenildae, A. fraterculus, A. sororcula, A. obliqua and A. turpiniae emerged from fruits. From these, A. zenildae (58,8%), A. fraterculus (13,5%) and C. capitata (20,7%) corresponded to 93% of the total females collected, and they caused high infestation levels in the orchard located in Jaiba. In Nova Porteirinha, three species of Anastrepha were associated to A. fraterculus (50,3%), A. zenildae (37,8%) and A. obliqua (3,2%), besides C. capitata (8.6% of the total females). In the two orchards, the highest infestation occurred from March to July/2003, influenced mainly by the availability of mature fruits. Interaction of A. zenildae and A. fraterculus occurred in the exploration of guava in the orchard located in Nova Porteirinha. The relationship between infestation percentage and infestation intensity was discussed. The natural parasitism of fruit flies in commercial guava orchards in the north of Minas Gerais State was very low. Of the 283 parasitoids collected, the braconid Doryctobracon areolatus and three specimens of the eucoiline Aganaspis pelleranoi were recorded. There was a positive correlation between the number of adults of braconids and the number of Anastrepha spp. It was recovered 37 specimens of D. longicaudata (24 in Jaiba and 13 in Nova Porteirinha), which revealed that this species completed the cycle under local conditions. Therefore, there is a great success in establishment of D. longicaudata in this region without damaging the preexisting tritrophic relations.
Poltronieri, Alex Sandro. "Bases para o manejo da resistência de Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) ao inseticida neonicotinoide imidacloprid em pomares de citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-16052013-162931/.
Full textOne of the most widely used insecticides for control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in citrus groves in Brazil has been the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. To implement an Insect Resistance Management program of D. citri to imidacloprid, studies were conducted to monitor the susceptibility to insecticides in D. citri populations collected from main citrus production regions of São Paulo State, to evaluate the interactions of imidacloprid with insecticides and fungicides, and to assess the feasibility of imidacloprid association with the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Residual contact bioassays were used to characterize the baseline susceptibility of D. citri to the insecticides imidacloprid, deltamethrin and dimethoate. Diagnostic concentrations of 56 mg of imidacloprid/L water (LC95), 32 mg of deltamethrin/L water (LC90) and 56 mg of dimethoate/L water (LC95) were defined for monitoring the susceptibility in 25 populations of D. citri from 2010 to 2012. There were no differences in survival to the insecticides tested in D. citri populations collected in citrus groves with different regimes of insecticide use. The highest survival of insects at diagnostic concentrations was observed in 2010, with survival values ranging from 4.7% to 24.0% for imidacloprid, from 0.9% to 11.8% for deltamethrin and 5.2% to 13.0% dimethoate. There were no significant increases in survival of D. citri on monitoring conducted in 2011 and 2012. The interactions of imidacloprid with deltamethrin or dimethoate were tested with the LC25 of each insecticide with residual contact bioassays. The interactions of these insecticides were additive on D. citri adult mortality under field or greenhouse conditions. The interactions of imidacloprid with buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were additive on 3rd instar nymphs. The biological activity at field rates of imidacloprid (40?l/mL) and buprofezin (375?g/mL) as well as the mixture of these insecticides showed a similar degradation in the activity to control D. citri under field and greenhouse conditions. The evaluation of the persistence of the mixture of pyriproxyfen and imidacloprid (evaluated at concentrations of 6.25 ?g/mL and 100?g/mL) indicated that pyriproxyfen degradation was faster than imidacloprid. The mixture of LC25 of imidacloprid to D. citri with fungicides field rates of benzimidazole (500?g/mL of thiophanate-methil), strobilurin (37.5 ?g/mL of pyraclostrobin), and triazole (50?g/mL of difenoconazole) did not affect the performance of imidacloprid. A significant reduction in the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of D. citri was observed when exposed to different residue ages of imidacloprid sprayed at concentration of 40?g/mL, even when exposed to residues of 56-day old, by leading to their extinction or in extinction process. The exposure to CL5 (0.501 ?g/mL), CL10 (0.804 ?g/mL), LC25 (1.995 ?g/mL) and LC50 (5.213 ?g/mL) of imidacloprid to D. citri did not cause their extinction. However, these concentrations of imidacloprid affected the ri of the parasitoid causing their extinction at LC50.
Salomé, James Arruda. "Polinização dirigida em pomares de macieiras (Malus x doméstica Borkh) com o uso de colmeias de Apis mellifera L." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/132454.
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A macieira é uma cultura que tem destaque socioeconômico no Brasil. Em 20 anos de produção comercial, o país se transformou de importador a exportador. "Fuji" e "Gala" e seus clones representam 46% e 45%, respectivamente do total da área plantada. Para atender a crescente demanda por maçãs, é necessário melhorar a qualidade e a produtividade, obtendo-se uma boa frutificação, que depende de polinização satisfatória e consequente fertilização das flores. A importância das abelhas como agentes polinizadores é relevante. A macieira, para superar a barreira da incompatibilidade gametofítica e proporcionar fecundação, necessita da transferência do pólen entre genótipos compatíveis quanto à série alélica "S" e tal transferência é feita por insetos polinizadores. A falta desses pode reduzir a produção de maçãs entre 90 e 100%. A abelha Apis mellifera é o principal inseto polinizador em pomares pela facilidade de manejo e de transporte das colmeias às áreas plantadas. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi avaliar o atual sistema de polinização dirigida com colmeias de Apis mellifera em pomares de macieiras, buscando identificar a melhor densidade de colmeias no processo de polinização, com eficiência na frutificação efetiva. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi necessário nos cvs. Fuji Suprema e Galaxy, quantificar abundância de flores; avaliar a produção de néctar e sua concentração de SST, e avaliar quantitativamente a produção de pólen nas flores. Foram quantificadas e qualificadas as visitas da abelha Apis mellifera nas flores e a sua relação com os índices de frutificação efetiva e do número de sementes nos frutos. Os trabalhos no campo foram realizados em pomares comerciais de macieiras nas Fazendas Santa Clara e Barreiro, no município de Bom Retiro, em Santa Catarina. A contagem de flores apontou maior número em "Galaxy" (1.239,06 ± 482,51 flores/planta) do que em "Fuji Suprema" (990,8 ± 390,92). A secreção de néctar indicou maiores volumes em "Galaxy", atingindo até 2,64 ± 0,15 µL de néctar, que pode estar relacionado com as temperaturas ambientais. O maior teor de SST ocorreu em "Galaxy" com 45 ºBrix, enquanto em "Fuji Suprema" indicou índice máximo de SST 33 ºBrix. Flores de "Galaxy" apresentaram maior número de grãos de pólen/flor (65.195,25 ± 19.706,69) do que em "Fuji Suprema" (26.544,55 ± 11.050,71 grãos de pólen/flor). Tratamentos com diferentes manejos de colmeias, em 2013 e 2014, foram implantados nos pomares e divididos em controles, introduções sequenciais, e duplicação da densidade de colmeias com introduções sequenciais. Introduções sequenciais com dupla densidade de colmeias em relação aos controles apresentaram maiores médias de frequências de visitas, principalmente em "Galaxy" e "Imperial Gala". Maiores e melhores recursos florais com facilidade de coleta de néctar nas ?lacunas basais? nas flores desses cultivares podem ter influenciado as maiores frequências de visitas das abelhas às flores. A abordagem das abelhas tocando os órgãos reprodutivos da flor em comportamento de coleta por cima, pode determinar os índices de eficiência da polinização dirigida. Introduções sequenciais de colmeias, principalmente nos tratamentos com dupla densidade, aumentaram as frequências de visitas das abelhas às flores dos cultivares avaliados, e ampliaram as proporções de abelhas trabalhando por cima das flores, após as introduções de novas colmeias nos pomares. "Fuji Suprema" por não apresentar facilidade de coleta de alimentos pelas abelhas pelos lados da flor, proporcionando visitações principalmente por cima das mesmas, pode ter influenciado as porcentagens de frutificação efetiva e do número de sementes produzidas por fruto, que foram superiores aos índices observados em "Galaxy" e "Imperial Gala".
Abstract : The apple tree has been extremely important to the Brazilian economy and as the result of its production during 20 years the country become an exporter. The 'Fuji' and 'Gala' together with its clones represent 46% and 45% respectively of all cultivated area of apples. In order to meet the ever increasing demand for apples is necessary to improve the quality and productivity, resulting in a good fruiting coming from satisfactory pollination and subsequent fertilization of flowers. Among the pollinating insects, bees are the major pollinators. The apple tree to get over the fact of the gametophytic incompatibility and provide fertilization requires transfer of pollen between compatible genotypes regarding allelic series "S" and this transfer is mediated by pollinators insects; hence the production of apples without these insects can reduce from 90 % to 100 %. The Apis mellifera bees are the major pollinators for easily handling and quickly transportation from the hives to the cultivated crops. The main goal of this study is to investigate the current system of pollination direct to hives of honeybees in apple orchards, seeking to identify the best density of hives in the pollination process with efficiency in fruit set, while keeping the viability of the cultivated crop. In order to achieve this, it was necessary in cvs. Fuji Supreme Galaxy and quantify abundance of flowers; assessing nectar production and concentration of TSS, and evaluate quantitatively the production of pollen in flowers. The visits of honey bees on flowers and their relationship to the levels of fruit set and number of seeds in the fruits were quantified and qualifie. The work in the land was accomplished in commercial apple cultivars in Santa Clara and Barreiro Farms located in Bom Retiro, Santa Catarina.The number of flowers computed in the 'Galaxy' is (1.239.06 ± 482.51 flowers / plant) is greater than in the 'Fuji Suprema' (990.8 ± 390.92). The secretion of nectar indicated larger volumes in the 'Galaxy' reaching up 2.64 ± 0.15 µL of nectar which can be related to the natural temperatures. The highest TSS occurred in 'Galaxy' to 45 ° Brix, while in'Fuji Suprema' stated maximum rate of TSS 33 ° Brix. The number of pollen grains per flower computed in the 'Galaxy' is (65.195,25 ± 19.706,69) is greater than in the 'Fuji Suprema' (26.544.55 ± 11050.71 ). In 2013 and 2014 were introduced several treatments in the crop, the orchards were divided into control, sequential introductions, and doubling the density of hives with sequential introductions. Sequential introductions with dual density hives compared to controls showed higher frequency of visits, mainly in12'Galaxy' and 'Imperial Gala'. The greatest and best resources flowers gathering nectar easily in the 'basal gaps' in the flowers of these cultivars may have influenced the higher frequency ofvisits of bees to the flowers. The approach of bees playing the reproductive organs of the flower foraging behavior above can determine the efficiency indices of pollination addressed.Sequential introductions of hives, especially in treatments with double density, increased frequency of visits of bees to flowers of the cultivars evaluated, and increased the proportions of topworking bees in flowers after the introductions of new hives in the orchards. By the fact of the'Fuji Suprema' not showing a easy way of gathering feed by sideworking, then it implied more visitations for topworking, for which may have influenced the percentage of fruit set and number of seeds produced per fruit, which were higher than the rates observed in 'Galaxy' and 'Imperial Gala'.
Focchi, Sandro Souza. "Ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e colonização radicular em pomares e viveiros de citros sob manejo orgânico e convencional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3806.
Full textJesus, Cristiane Ramos de. "Dinâmica populacional de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) em pomares de duas variedades de citros em Montenegro, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4974.
Full textCunha, Marlon. "Produtividade e características de fruto de pomares de maracujá implantados com sementes originais e reaproveitadas do híbrido BRS Gigante Amarelo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13731.
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A produção de maracujá apresenta importância econômica no Brasil, devido ao uso intensivo de mão de obra, importância comercial e nutricional de seus frutos e geração de emprego e -1renda em toda cadeia produtiva. A produtividade média nacional, em torno de 14,8 t.ha , está abaixo daquelas obtidas por cultivares geneticamente melhoradas. Uma das causas da baixa produtividade é a prática comum dos produtores de maracujá de utilizar sementes aproveitadas de plantios anteriores para produção das mudas. Entre as cultivares registradas no RNC-MAPA, o BRS Gigante Amarelo lançado pela Embrapa Cerrados e parceiros em 2008 tem apresentado altas produtividades, boa adaptação edafoclimática, alta qualidade de frutos e elevado rendimento de polpa. Esta cultivar é um híbrido simples intravarietal, e o reaproveitamento de sementes a partir de plantios desta cultivar pode diminuir o seu vigor híbrido, seu potencial produtivo, o tamanho dos frutos e uniformidade do pomar. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar a produtividade e as características físicas e químicas de frutos obtidas em pomares de maracujá implantados com sementes originais e reaproveitadas do híbrido BRS Gigante Amarelo. O experimento foi conduzido em um pomar comercial no município de Planaltina, Estado de Goiás no período de fevereiro de 2011 a abril de 2012. Duas áreas do pomar, uma de 0,6 ha implantada com mudas provenientes de sementes originais de BRS Gigante Amarelo e outra de 0,6 ha implantada com mudas provenientes de sementes retiradas de frutos do híbrido BRS Gigante Amarelo foram analisadas. Para estimar a produtividade, foram contabilizadas as colheitas realizadas duas vezes por semana de 15 de novembro de 2011 a 15 de abril de 2012, sendo apresentado os valores do total produzido no período de 15 dias. Para analisar as características físicas e químicas, 100 (cem) frutos de cada área foram colhidos aleatoriamente em duas diferentes épocas: no final da produção (junho de 2012 - época 1) e no inicio de produção (dezembro de 2012 – época 2). Foram analisadas as características do fruto: comprimento (mm), diâmetro (mm), espessura da casca (mm), massa (g), rendimento de polpa (%), rendimento de casca (%), sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix) e pH (acidez). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (2 tipos de sementes x 2 épocas) com 10 repetições de 10 frutos. A produtividade das plantas formadas a partir de sementes reaproveitadas do híbrido BRS Gigante Amarelo foi 19,3% menor que a produtividade de plantas formadas a partir de sementes originais. O reaproveitamento das sementes levou a uma redução na produção de frutos tipo extra. A maioria das características físicas e químicas dos frutos diferiu estatisticamente quanto ao tipo de semente e a época de avaliação, comprovando a diminuição da qualidade e homogeneidade destas características a partir da perda do vigor híbrido, causada pelo reaproveitamento de sementes. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho respaldam a recomendação técnica de utilizar sementes originais do híbrido BRS Gigante Amarelo. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The production of passion fruit has economic importance in Brazil, due to the intensive use of labor, commercial and nutritional importance of their fruits and generation of employment-1and income throughout the production chain. The national yield average, around 14,8 t ha, are below those obtained by genetically improved cultivars. One of the low productivity causes is a common producers practice to use passion fruit seeds from fruits of commercial orchard for seedlings production. Among the cultivars registered in RNC-MAPA, BRS Gigante Amarelo released by Embrapa Cerrados and partners in 2008, has high yields, good climate and soil adaptation, high fruit quality and high pulp yield. This cultivar is a simple intra-varietal hybrid, and the use of seeds from fruits of commercial orchard can reduce its hybrid vigor, productive potential, fruit size and uniformity. This study aimed to analyze the productivity and the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits obtained in commercial orchard implanted with original and reused seeds from BRS Gigante Amarelo hybrid. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard in the Planaltina city, Goiás State from February 2011 to April 2012. One area of 0.6 ha implanted with seedlings from original seeds of BRS Gigante Amarelo hybrid and another area of 0.6 ha implanted with seedlings from seeds taken from commercial fruits of BRS Gigante Amarelo hybrid were analyzed. The productivity was estimated with crop yields recorded from November 2011 to April 2012 every 15 days. The physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed in one hundred (100) fruits from each area. The fruits were randomly collected at two different season: at the final of production (June 2012 - season 1) and at the initial production (December 2012 - season 2). The fruit characteristics analyzed were length (mm) diameter (mm), shell thickness (mm), mass (g), pulp yield (%), bark yield (%), total soluble solids (° Brix) and pH (acidity). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 design (2 types of seed X 2 seasons) with 10 repetitions of 10 fruits. The productivity of plants formed from reused seeds of BRS Gigante Amarelo hybrid were 19.3% lower than the productivity of plants formed from original seeds. The reuse of seeds led to a reduction of the extra fruit type production. Most physical and chemical fruits characteristics was significantly different in plants obtained with different type of seed and in different seasons. These results confirm the decline in the fruit quality and homogeneity and loss of hybrid vigor caused by the reuse of seeds. The data obtained in this study advocated a technical recommendation to use original seeds of BRS Gigante Amarelo hybrid.
Fofonka, Luciana. "Espaço agrícola, ambiente e agroecologia: incidência de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera, Tephritidae) nos pomares de laranjado munícipio de Caraá, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10094.
Full textBrazil is the largest producer of oranges of the world, however fitosanitary problems, as the incidence of fruit flies is carting serious negative impacts of socioeconomic and environmental order. The Municipal district of Caraá, RS, is in the perimeters of the areas infested by fruit flies, having the culture of the orange the most prejudiced by this insect. So that the handling of fruit flies is efficient and maintainable needs to base in the beginnings of the Agroecology, requesting a previous knowledge of several aspects to make possible the diagnosis of that curse. In that context the present study had for objective to contribute for the control of fruit fly in the orchards of orange trees of the municipal district of Caraá, RS. For so much, the work was divided in two great stages. In the first stage the diagnosis of the incidence of fruit flies took place in the orchards of orange trees of the municipal district of Caraá through the characterization of the study area, the orange tree culture and the incidence of fruit flies, demonstrating the disposition in the space of the main places producing of orange. Bibliographies and interviews were used as research sources. For the second stage it was elaborated and applied in the study area a Plan of Handling of fruit flies based on Agroecology, where it was proposed: the rising of fruit flies with four traps, accomplished at the experimental orchard in Rio dos Sinos, Caraá, to identify its species, as well as to verify the population flotations of fruit flies, studying the variables that could influence the size of these populations; the sampling of fruits in the main places producing of oranges for also to identify the species of fruit flies and/or their parasitoids, besides determining the association between the species of host trees and the species of fruit flies; the application of control practices, as bagged fruits, for instance, accomplished at the experimental orchard. After the study period it was verified that the orange variety more produced in Caraá is Valencia. The main places producing of oranges are: High Caraá, High Lageadinho, High Rio dos Sinos, Fraga, and Rio dos Sinos. The busy area for the cultivation of orange trees is of 82,5 ha approximately, and the medium production is of 290 tons. In relation to the diagnosis of the incidence of fruit flies it was verified that the infestation is resulting from a group of factors: the natural enemies' decrease, consequent of the disordered use of pesticides; precarious fitosanitary fiscalization of the traffic of fresh fruits; deforestation, what favored the migration of those flies for the orange trees; and wide range of hosts of fruit flies. Through the action of monitoring the fruit flies with traps in the experimental orchard of Rio dos Sinos, in the period of 12 months, they were just obtained copies of the species Anastrepha fraterculus, in a total of 1021 females. The pick of the population flotation of the A. fraterculus happened in the month of October, probably related to the offer of oranges, because, the period of larger capture coincides with the time of fructify of the orange Valencia. The maintenance of that fly in the other months of the year it can be associated to the presence of hosts of A. fraterculus closed to the experimental orchard. The population flotation of the fly didn't correlate with any climatic parameter analyzed. The rising of the fruits hosts Psidium guayava (guava), Citrus sp. (Orange-of-navel) and Prunus persica (peach) located close to the experimental orchard, allowed to associate such fruits with the species A. fraterculus. In the rising of fruit flies through the sampling of fruits in the main places producing of oranges of Caraá was verified: the presence of nine fruit flies, all of the species Anastrepha fraterculus; the association of that species with the varieties of oranges Natal, Umbigo and Valencia, as well as the parasitoids absence in the fruits of sample. The practice of bagging oranges accomplished at the experimental orchard of Rio dos sinos, Caraá, was shown very efficient, once practically all of the fruits were protected of the fly, being picked intact.
Yuri, Henrique Massaru. "Gestão do risco de granizo pelo seguro e outras alternativas: estudo de caso em pomares de maçã de Santa Catarina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-28042004-113143/.
Full textThe damage caused by hailstorms is one of the most important problems faced by the apple producers, in Brazil, and in other countries. This work presents, from a literature review and local surveys within the apple producing region in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, a characterization of the hail risk problem and an evaluation of existing alternatives for risk management. The alternatives considered in the risk management process included: commercial insurance, mutual insurance, spatial diversification, antihail nets, hail rockets and ground burners. Besides, the research presents a conceptual model that uses decision diagrams to describe the qualitative relationship among the different alternatives for administration of the hail risk and the most important variables for the problem. The decision diagram guided the development of a software tool designed to help the selection of the best combination of alternatives for hail risk management. This software tool, implemented in a spreadsheet, was used in a case study involving an association of apple producers in São Joaquim, SC. The intention of this work is to aid apple producers in the selection of the most appropriate strategy for the administration of the risk of hailstorms in their orchards, aid the insurance companies in the design of new contracts in your agricultural portfolio and, also, aid the government in the development of new agricultural policies.
Marques, Rodrigo Neves. "Estudos básicos para a utilização de plantio-isca visando ao controle de cigarrinhas vetoras de Xylella fastidiosa em pomares cítricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-06032007-140231/.
Full textCitrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. has caused great losses in the citriculture of São Paulo State, affecting over 40% of the citrus plants. The bacterium is transmitted by 12 species of xylem-feeding leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the subfamily Cicadellinae, commonly known as sharpshooters. CVC management is based on planting of healthy nursery trees, pruning or roguing of infected trees in the field as well as vector control. However, the sharpshooter vectors have alternative hosts and habitats that serve as refuge, particularly woody vegetation adjacent to the citrus groves. This ecological characteristic explains the rapid reinfestation of citrus groves by vectors after insecticide applications. The use of attractive alternative hosts plants of sharpshooters in a dead-end trap cropping strategy could reduce immigration of vectors from adjacent vegetation. The goal of this research was to select adequate host plants to be used in such strategy, as well as to test the efficacy of trap cropping for reducing sharpshooter populations in a citrus grove. Choice experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the preference of two important vectors, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg.) and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret), for alternative host plants in relation to Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (sweet orange). Preferred plant species by B. xanthophis were Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., Duranta repens L., Eupatorium maximiliani Shrad., E. laevigatum Lam. and Vernonia condensata Baker, whereas O. facialis showed strong preference for D. repens e Lantana camara L. A second greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilization with variable nitrogen levels on the preference of B. xanthophis for one of the selected host plants, V. condensata. Higher percentages of B. xanthophis adults selected plants that had been treated with higher doses of nitrogen, up to a threshold. Under field conditions (Fazenda Oxford, Gavião Peixoto, SP), 14 alternative hosts of the sharpshooters, including preferred host plants in the choice experiments, were evaluated with respect to vegetative growth and natural incidence of sharpshooters. These species were planted in five rows of 50 m (spaced 1 m in a row and 1 m between plants) between a sweet orange grove and a swamp (source of vectors), in order to form a trap crop. In order to assess the effect of the trap crop against immigration of sharpshooters from the swamp area, vector population was monitored by yellow sticky cards inside two adjacent plots in the same citrus grove, one separated from the swamp by the trap crop and the other without this barrier. Populations in the two citrus plots were monitored for several months before and after the trap crop was treated with a insecticide. Vector population was significantly reduced in the citrus plot adjacent the trap crop, after the alternative host plants were treated with insecticide. During the period of sampling before the insecticide treatments, a pattern of lower vector populations in rows of citrus trees closer to the trap crop was observed. Aloysia virgata (Ruiz & Pav.) Juss., Croton urucurana Baill., L. camara, and V. condensata were considered the most adequate species for trap cropping because of their attractiveness to the sharpshooters and rapid flushing and growth after planting or pruning.