Academic literature on the topic 'Poncher family'

In spring 1513 Juan Ponce de León sailed north from Puerto Rico, cruised the Bahamas, and touched land somewhere on the southeastern corner of what is now the mainland United States. The season being Easter, and because of the “beautiful view of the many cool woodlands,” Ponce de León called the peninsula, which he believed an island, la Pascua Florida (T. Davis 17, 57). The rest of the story is decidedly less poetic. A squabble with Christopher Columbus's family, involving broader matters of legal jurisdiction, had driven the conquistador to new territories. His time in la Florida was brief but violent. After claiming ownership, Ponce de León provisioned his ships, skirmished with the natives, took hostages, then rounded the Martires (or Keys), where he met unfriendly Calusa on the gulf side (T. Davis 17-22). In February 1521 he returned, this time as adelantado, or governor, and again met the Calusa—who dealt him a mortal wound to the thigh. Ponce died in La Habana (Fernandina) the following July, and he now lies in the cathedral of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Mnioes Townes is a predominantly Neotropical genus of the family Ichneumonidae, mainly documented from Central America and, until now, with no described species from South America. In this paper, ten new species are described from Peru: Mnioes attenboroughi sp. nov., M. huk sp. nov., M. iskay sp. nov., M. kinsa sp. nov., M. pisqa sp. nov., M. poncei sp. nov., M. pusaq sp. nov., M. qanchis sp. nov., M. soqta sp. nov., and M. tawa sp. nov. A key to the Peruvian species and maps of their geographical distribution are also presented.

Abstract Three valid species of Haplometroides Odhner, 1910 parasitise snakes and amphisbaenians from South America. This study provides additional data on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic position inferred from the nuclear ribosomal gene 28S (partial). DNA sequences were isolated from Haplometroides intercaecalis Silva, Ferreira and Strüssmann, 2007 found in one specimen of Phalotris matogrossensis Lema, D’Agostini and Cappellari, 2005. Five digenean specimens were recovered from the esophagus of this snake, and four specimens were used for morphometrical studies and one specimen for molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods was conducted with sequences available for the order Plagiorchiida and its phylogenetic position places H. intercaecalis among the brachycoeliids Brachycoelium (Dujardin, 1845) Stiles and Hassall, 1898 and Parabrachycoelium Pérez-Ponce de León, Mendoza-Garfias, Razo-Mendivil and Parra-Olea, 2011, and the mesocoeliid Mesocoelium Odhner, 1910, not closely related to plagiorchids as expected. Due to morphological differences among these families, it may be necessary to create a new family to accommodate Haplometroides spp. However, more genera/taxa as well as other molecular markers should be added in future studies to confirm our results and resolve this matter. This is the first phylogenetic positioning of digeneans of the genus Haplometroides, contributing to the systematic analysis of the helminthological biodiversity of Neotropical snakes.

Abstract Background HIV-positive adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Despite national recommendations, STI screening remains low. Incomplete screening in addition to inconsistent reported sexual practices may lead to missed infections. This study aimed to determine the incidence and reinfection rates of co-STIs in HIV-positive AYAs and the discrepancy between site positivity and self-reported sexual history in this group. Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients aged 13-24 at Grady Ponce and Family Youth Clinic in Atlanta, GA from 2009-2018. Data were collected on demographics and STI events. STIs included gonorrhea (GC), chlamydia (CT), human papillomavirus (HPV), syphilis, trichomonas, herpes simplex virus (HSV), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), hepatitis C (HCV), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and chancroid. First STI incidence and incidence of reinfections were calculated by dividing new cases over corresponding person follow-up time. Results 621 sexually active HIV-positive AYAs were included. The mean age at first observation was 18.7 (±3.29) years. 72.1% of patients were male, 92.3% were Black, and 79.7% were horizontally infected. 83.7% of patients had at least one STI during the study period. The overall first STI incidence rate was 35.8 per 100 person-years with HPV, GC, CT, and syphilis as the most common STIs reported (Table 1). The overall recurrent incidence rate was 72.1 per 100 person-years with GC, CT, and syphilis as the most common recurrent infections (Table 1). Of all GC and CT infections, the majority were rectal (48.7% and 49.9%, respectively) (Table 2). Only 65.8% of patients with rectal GC and 68.5% with rectal CT infections reported recent receptive anal sex (Table 3). Table 1: First and recurrent incidence rates of any STI and individual STIs per 100 person-years Table 2: STIs by site, all infections Table 3: Reported exposure history vs. STI site positivity Conclusion Our study demonstrates disproportionately high incidence and reinfection rates of co-STIs in HIV-positive AYAs. Furthermore, many patients did not report exposure at their site of infection. If screening is done based off reported exposure history alone, many infections may be missed. Our data support the urgent need for increased STI screening in this population, including routine extragenital testing for GC and CT even without reported exposure at these sites. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Abstract Introduction: The coexistence of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer is considered a rare event. In these cases, the follicular thyroid carcinoma subtype is an even more rare finding. It is highly unlikely to find follicular carcinoma in a hyperactive thyroid nodule. Clinical Case: We report a case of an 85-year-old female with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation presenting to the clinic after she has noticed enlargement of her neck two weeks prior. The patient was seen by her primary care physician who ordered a CT neck that revealed a goiter and the patient was subsequently referred to our clinic. On further questioning, the patient denied palpitations, sweats, difficulty swallowing, heat or cold intolerance, weight changes, bowel changes, or any other complaints. The patient denied any prior history of thyroid disease or exposure to goitrogens. Her past medical history was not significant for any auto-immune related diseases. She denied any family history of thyroid disease or malignancy. On physical examination, the patient had a normal eye exam and mild goiter with a small palpated right thyroid nodule. Initial thyroid ultrasound revealed a heterogenous right lobe measuring 7.1 cm x 7.3 cm x 5.9 cm with one superior nodule measuring 1.3 cm x 0.7 cm x 0.8 cm and a heterogenous left lobe measuring 2.0 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.1 cm. Laboratory blood work up revealed total T4 of 10.5 μg/dL(normal: 5.0 to 12.0μg/dL), elevated total T3 at 322 ng/dl (normal: 80-220 ng/dL), suppressed TSH <0.01 uIU/mL (normal: 0.40-4.00 uIU/mL), markedly elevated thyroglobulin 2828 ng/mL(normal: 1-84 ng/mL), as well as elevated anti-TPO Ab 63.5 IU/mL (10.0-35.0 IU/mL). The patient underwent a thyroid uptake scan that revealed increased uptake in the right lobe. Three months after presentation, the patient underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) which was benign (Bethesda classification II). A decision was made to start the patient on Methimazole and the subsequent thyroid profile showed an improvement in her T3 and TSH, but thyroglobulin continued to uptrend despite treatment. The patient then underwent another thyroid ultrasound one year later that revealed increased right lobe size to 10.3 cm x 6.3 cm x 6.4 cm with enlargement of the superior nodule to 8.5 cm x 4.6 cm x 6.4 cm. The left lobe was also enlarged from the prior scan measuring 3.9 cm x 1.2 cm x 1.0 cm. The patient underwent a second FNA from that nodule which also revealed benign hyperplastic nodule (Bethesda classification II). Despite the benign FNA finding, a decision was made to perform genetic testing given the rapid progressive enlargement of the nodule. The genetic testing revealed TERT promoter gene mutation with a high risk for malignancy. The patient then underwent total thyroidectomy and the pathological analysis showed a 9 cm follicular thyroid carcinoma of the right nodule. The patient then underwent successful I-131 radioactive Iodine ablation. Subsequent thyroid ultrasounds were negative and TSH continued to downtrend while the patient continued to take thyroid hormone replacement. This patient’s presentation is unique in many aspects. The patient presented with a hyperactive hot nodule while follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland is typically associated with clinical euthyroidism and a scan showing a cold nodule(1). In a study of 425 hyperthyroid patients, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 7 (1.65%) hyperthyroid patients, and histological examination revealed the presence of papillary carcinoma in 5 cases and follicular carcinoma in only 2 cases (2). Our patient also had two negative FNAs despite the presence of follicular carcinoma. Hence, we are shedding the light on the importance of genetic testing in the setting of negative FNA for rapidly enlarging thyroid nodules. Conclusion: We urge physician’s awareness that on rare occasions, follicular thyroid carcinoma can be present in a hyperactive thyroid with a hot nodule. In the presence of negative FNA, hyperfunctioning rapidly growing thyroid nodules should be carefully evaluated by further genetic testing for the presence of concurrent malignancy. References: (1) Yunta PJ, Ponce JL, Prieto M, Lopez-Aznar D, Sancho-Fornos S: Solitary adrenal gland metastasis of a follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting with hyperthyroidism. Ann Endocrinol 2001;62:226-229 (2) Raimondo Gabriele, Departments of Surgery ‘Pietro Valdoni’: Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Hyperthyroidism. Horm Res 2003;60:79-83 DOI: 10.1159/000071875

-John Parker, Norman J.W. Thrower, Sir Francis Drake and the famous voyage, 1577-1580. Los Angeles: University of California Press, Contributions of the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Vol. 11, 1984. xix + 214 pp.-Franklin W. Knight, B.W. Higman, Trade, government and society in Caribbean history 1700-1920. Kingston: Heinemann Educational Books, 1983. xii + 172 pp.-A.J.R. Russel-Wood, Lyle N. McAlister, Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion Volume III, 1984. xxxi + 585 pp.-Tony Martin, John Gaffar la Guerre, The social and political thought of the colonial intelligentsia. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1982. 136 pp.-Egenek K. Galbraith, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship ideology and practice in Latin America. Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. 341 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, James Pack, Nelson's blood: the story of naval rum. Annapolis MD, U.S.A.: Naval Institute Press and Havant Hampshire, U.K.: Kenneth Mason, 1982. 200 pp.-Anthony P. Maingot, Hugh Barty-King ,Rum: yesterday and today. London: William Heineman, 1983. xviii + 264 pp., Anton Massel (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Alejandro Portes ,Latin journey: Cuban and Mexican immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xxi + 387 pp., Robert L. Bach (eds)-Wayne S. Smith, Carlos Franqui, Family portrait wth Fidel: a memoir. New York: Random House, 1984. xxiii + 263 pp.-Sergio G. Roca, Claes Brundenius, Revolutionary Cuba: the challenge of economic growth with equity. Boulder CO: Westview Press and London: Heinemann, 1984. xvi + 224 pp.-H. Hoetink, Bernardo Vega, La migración española de 1939 y los inicios del marxismo-leninismo en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1984. 208 pp.-Antonio T. Díaz-Royo, César Andreú-Iglesias, Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: a contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican community in New York. Translated by Juan Flores. New York and London: Monthly Review, 1984. xix + 243 pp.-Mariano Negrón-Portillo, Harold J. Lidin, History of the Puerto Rican independence movement: 20th century. Maplewood NJ; Waterfront Press, 1983. 250 pp.-Roberto DaMatta, Teodore Vidal, Las caretas de cartón del Carnaval de Ponce. San Juan: Ediciones Alba, 1983. 107 pp.-Manuel Alvarez Nazario, Nicolás del Castillo Mathieu, Esclavos negros en Cartagena y sus aportes léxicos. Bogotá: Institute Caro y Cuervo, 1982. xvii + 247 pp.-J.T. Gilmore, P.F. Campbell, The church in Barbados in the seventeenth century. Garrison, Barbados; Barbados Museum and Historical Society, 1982. 188 pp.-Douglas K. Midgett, Neville Duncan ,Women and politics in Barbados 1948-1981. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research (Eastern Caribbean), Women in the Caribbean Project vol. 3, 1983. x + 68 pp., Kenneth O'Brien (eds)-Ken I. Boodhoo, Maurice Bishop, Forward ever! Three years of the Grenadian Revolution. Speeches of Maurice Bishop. Sydney: Pathfinder Press, 1982. 287 pp.-Michael L. Conniff, Velma Newton, The silver men: West Indian labour migration to Panama, 1850-1914. Kingston: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xx + 218 pp.-Robert Dirks, Frank L. Mills ,Christmas sports in St. Kitts: our neglected cultural tradition. With lessons by Bertram Eugene. Frederiksted VI: Eastern Caribbean Institute, 1984. iv + 66 pp., S.B. Jones-Hendrickson (eds)-Catherine L. Macklin, Virginia Kerns, Woman and the ancestors: Black Carib kinship and ritual. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press, 1983. xv + 229 pp.-Marian McClure, Brian Weinstein ,Haiti: political failures, cultural successes. New York: Praeger (copublished with Hoover Institution Press, Stanford), 1984. xi + 175 pp., Aaron Segal (eds)-A.J.F. Köbben, W.S.M. Hoogbergen, De Boni-oorlogen, 1757-1860: marronage en guerilla in Oost-Suriname (The Boni wars, 1757-1860; maroons and guerilla warfare in Eastern Suriname). Bronnen voor de studie van Afro-amerikaanse samenlevinen in de Guyana's, deel 11 (Sources for the Study of Afro-American Societies in the Guyanas, no. 11). Dissertation, University of Utrecht, 1985. 527 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Baijah Mhango, Aid and dependence: the case of Suriname, a study in bilateral aid relations. Paramaribo: SWI, Foundation in the Arts and Sciences, 1984. xiv + 171 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Sandew Hira, Balans van een coup: drie jaar 'surinaamse revolutie.' Rotterdam: Futile (Blok & Flohr), 1983. 175 pp.-Ian Robertson, John A. Holm ,Dictionary of Bahamian English. New York: Lexik House Publishers, 1982. xxxix + 228 pp., Alison Watt Shilling (eds)-Erica Williams Connell, Paul Sutton, Commentary: A reply from Williams Connell (to the review by Anthony Maingot in NWIG 57:89-97).

-Peter Hulme, Polly Pattullo, Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. London: Cassell/Latin America Bureau and Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996. xiii + 220 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Édouard Glissant, Introduction à une poétique du Divers. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1995. 106 pp.-Bruce King, Tejumola Olaniyan, Scars of conquest / Masks of resistance: The invention of cultural identities in African, African-American, and Caribbean drama. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. xii + 196 pp.-Sidney W. Mintz, Raymond T. Smith, The Matrifocal family: Power, pluralism and politics. New York: Routledge, 1996. x + 236 pp.-Raymond T. Smith, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the past: Power and the production of history. Boston: Beacon, 1995. xix + 191 pp.-Michiel Baud, Samuel Martínez, Peripheral migrants: Haitians and Dominican Republic sugar plantations. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. xxi + 228 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Michiel Baud, Peasants and Tobacco in the Dominican Republic, 1870-1930. Knoxville; University of Tennessee Press, 1995. x + 326 pp.-Robert C. Paquette, Aline Helg, Our rightful share: The Afro-Cuban struggle for equality, 1886-1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xii + 361 pp.-Daniel C. Littlefield, Roderick A. McDonald, The economy and material culture of slaves: Goods and Chattels on the sugar plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiv + 339 pp.-Jorge L. Chinea, Luis M. Díaz Soler, Puerto Rico: desde sus orígenes hasta el cese de la dominación española. Río Piedras: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. xix + 758 pp.-David Buisseret, Edward E. Crain, Historic architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. ix + 256 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Mavis C. Campbell, Back to Africa. George Ross and the Maroons: From Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1993. xxv + 115 pp.-Sandra Burr, Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life before emancipation. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995. xii + 244 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, Trevor Munroe, The cold war and the Jamaican Left 1950-1955: Reopening the files. Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1992. xii + 242 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, David Panton, Jamaica's Michael Manley: The great transformation (1972-92). Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1993. xx + 225 pp.-Percy C. Hintzen, Cary Fraser, Ambivalent anti-colonialism: The United States and the genesis of West Indian independence, 1940-1964. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1994. vii + 233 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Carlene J. Edie, Democracy in the Caribbean: Myths and realities. Westport CT: Praeger, 1994. xvi + 296 pp.-Alma H. Young, Jean Grugel, Politics and development in the Caribbean basin: Central America and the Caribbean in the New World Order. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. xii + 270 pp.-Alma H. Young, Douglas G. Lockhart ,The development process in small island states. London: Routledge, 1993. xv + 275 pp., David Drakakis-Smith, John Schembri (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, José Solis, Public school reform in Puerto Rico: Sustaining colonial models of development. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. x + 171 pp.-Carolyn Cooper, Christian Habekost, Verbal Riddim: The politics and aesthetics of African-Caribbean Dub poetry. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993. vii + 262 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Jaqueline Leiner, Aimé Césaire: Le terreau primordial. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1993. 175 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Abiola Írélé, Aimé Césaire: Cahier d'un retour au pays natal. With introduction, commentary and notes. Abiola Írélé. Ibadan: New Horn Press, 1994. 158 pp.-Alvina Ruprecht, Stella Algoo-Baksh, Austin C. Clarke: A biography. Barbados: The Press - University of the West Indies; Toronto: ECW Press, 1994. 234 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Glyne A. Griffith, Deconstruction, imperialism and the West Indian novel. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1996. xxiii + 147 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Peter Manuel ,Caribbean currents: Caribbean music from Rumba to Reggae. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xi + 272 pp., Kenneth Bilby, Michael Largey (eds)-Daniel J. Crowley, Judith Bettelheim, Cuban festivals: An illustrated anthology. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993. x + 261 pp.-Judith Bettelheim, Ramón Marín, Las fiestas populares de Ponce. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. 277 pp.-Marijke Koning, Eric O. Ayisi, St. Eustatius: The treasure island of the Caribbean. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1992. xviii + 224 pp.-Peter L. Patrick, Marcyliena Morgan, Language & the social construction of identity in Creole situations. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American studies, UCLA, 1994. vii + 158 pp.-John McWhorter, Tonjes Veenstra, Serial verbs in Saramaccan: Predication and Creole genesis. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphic, 1996. x + 217 pp.-John McWhorter, Jacques Arends, The early stages of creolization. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995. xv + 297 pp.

Background. The academic guitar art, which announced itself at the beginning of the XXI century as one of the dominant and sought-after forms of the concert music making, in recent decades has become the subject of scientific reflection. However, due to a later start time of its evolvement, it turned out to be less explored than other concert genres. The birth of the academic guitar art in the early twentieth century associated with the name of A. Segovia, together with whose creativity it stepped beyond the limits of the Spanish national culture and came to the world level. Creativity of the contemporaries and compatriots of A. Segovia, the famous guitarists of the first half of the twentieth century C. Romero, R. Sáinz de la Maza and M. Llobet, did not have that cultural and artistic weight, which could be a basis for ascension of the Spanish guitar art to the European professional heights. Exactly A. Segovia was able to do this. In spite of the fact that the importance of A. Segovia’s activities for the formation of the new performing guitar traditions of the twentieth century is enormous, it has not yet received its systemic coverage. Thus, the relevance of this article is caused, on the one hand, by the great interest in the academic guitar art in recent years, and on the other, by the lack of the special scientific studies dedicated to the performing art of the outstanding Spanish guitarist. Existing studies contain only incomplete historical data [3; 7] or the compressed socio-cultural panorama of A. Segovia’s creative activity and the period of formation of the guitar performing traditions of the twentieth century [1, p. 4–6]. Objectives. The proposed research considers the features of the performing art of A. Segovia at its different stages in order to identify the patterns of its evolvement and the main its achievements from the point of view of the contemporary guitar art. For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the concert heritage of the Spanish maestro in the aspect of its legislative influence upon the modern academic guitar creativity is given. Methods of the research. The complex of general scientific research methods makes it possible to disclose the basic positions of the article: signification of the classical guitar in the family of the academic solo instruments (systems approach); the evolution paths of an academic guitar (historical approach); comprehension of the guitar creativity in a broad socio-cultural aspect (cultural approach); definition of the author’s performing style of A. Segovia (interpretational approach). Results. For comprehension of the evolution of A. Segovia’s performing arts, maestro’ concert programs are considered. The first big performance (March 12, 1916) included 19 pieces (Par I – the arrangements by A. Segovia and one piece by M. Llobet; Part II – the works by J. Bach, J. Haydn, F. Mendelssohn, F. Chopin, all transcribed for guitar by F. Tárrega; Part III – the music by I. Albeniz, E. Granados and one play by P. Tchaikovsky). At this stage of evolution of the academic guitar art, A. Segovia could not present in the program the works of the Renaissance epoch; besides, in the historical and cultural aspect, the program is formatted inconsequently. However, in our opinion, the program is logical and justified in its own way, and its third part that almost entirely formed from the works of the Spanish national classics one can consider as a response to the ideology of “Renacimiento” – the movement for the national revival of Spain. The ending of the decade of the fruitful concert activity of A. Segovia coincided with his tours in the territory of present-day Russia and Ukraine. In 1926, A. Segovia gave six concerts in Moscow and two concerts in Leningrad, and in 1927 – six concerts in Moscow, three concerts in Leningrad, and one each in Kharkov and Kiev. The analysis shows that the total number of works in A. Segovia’s repertoire list during his Moscow tour performances in 1926–1927 has grown to 75. They belonged to different historical eras and various performing styles, to 28 authors from different countries. The extensive repertoire corresponding to A. Segovia’s exquisite taste embodied in elegant performing interpretations, which reflected in the feedback from listeners and music critics. Over 10 years of his concert activity, the total repertoire of A. Segovia expanded significantly (up to 300 works), not only due to his own transcriptions of works by J. Bach, G. Handel, W. Mozart, J. Haydn, F. Schubert, F. Tárrega, I. Albeniz and E. Granados, but also thanks to the works of a new wave of composers: A. Tansman, F. Moreno Torroba, J. Turina, which created a number of pieces for guitar at the request of A. Segovia. Conclusions. Thus, contingently, A. Segovia’s concert activity one can divide into two big stages: before and after 1924. The culmination point of the first stage is related with the successful performance in Barcelona (1916), which eliminated some acoustic and psychological barriers that hampered guitar performers and organizers of concerts (A. Segovia is the first guitarist who was playing in the hall for 1000 seats). The first tour in Paris in April 1924, which began the second stage of the maestro’s concert activity, can be considered as a landmark event on the path of world recognition of A. Segovia. Henceforth the format of the concert programs of A. Segovia and his recordings on disks thought out clearly, it is structured delicately based on the musical styles of certain historical periods. An important place the works of modern composers occupied. The concert heritage of A. Segovia is a reflection of the evolution of the guitar repertoire. It progressed from the limited by the previous tradition in the early twentieth century up to the universal format, combining the best examples of the folk music (flamenco), the transcriptions of European classical music and the modern works bearing the newest sound images. Among the authors of such, at the request of A. Segovia, were M. Castelnuovo-Tedesko, F. Moreno Torroba, M. Ponce, J. Rodrigo, A. Tansman.

The theoretical framework elaborated by Auguste Comte presents a fundamentally pedagogical nature, since it presupposes the “regeneration” of humanity. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the Comte an understanding of modern society, as well as the postulates that substantiated positivism in the face of a scenario marked by profound transformations and social convulsions. To reach the proposed objectives, an initial approach is contextualized based on the political, social and economic scenario of Europe in the first half of the nineteenth century. Subsequently, the author's conservative proposals are presented, which sought a rational and scientific solution to the problems of society. The pedagogical project of Comte was approached, which assigns to women and the family a prominent role in the new order that it advocates, and finally, the Comtean model of education. The methodology adopted is based on a historical research based on historical and dialectical materialism, which comprehend society from the real conditions of human existence, starting from the concrete to the abstract or, in other words, from the reality to the field of ideas. The historical analysis leads us to conclude that, as a whole, the comtean production sought to point out the social need of a systematic positive education, with the purpose to educate the individual as a citizen aware of his role in the society, in order to reach the progress, within the limits of the established social order.ResumoO arcabouço teórico elaborado por Auguste Comte apresenta uma natureza fundamentalmente pedagógica, visto que pressupõe a “regeneração” da humanidade. Assim, este artigo tem como propósito apresentar uma análise acerca da compreensão comteana sobre a sociedade moderna, bem como dos postulados que fundamentaram o positivismo diante de um cenário marcado por profundas transformações e convulsões sociais. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, faz-se uma abordagem inicial contextualizando sua produção no cenário político, social e econômico da Europa da primeira metade do século XIX. Em seguida, são apresentadas as propostas conservadoras do autor, que buscava uma solução racional e científica para os problemas da sociedade. Foi abordado o projeto pedagógico de Comte, que atribui à mulher e à família um papel de destaque na nova ordem por ele preconizada e, por fim, o modelo de educação comteano. A metodologia adotada está alicerçada numa pesquisa histórica fundamentada no materialismo histórico e dialético, que compreende a sociedade a partir das condições reais da existência humana, partindo do concreto para o abstrato, ou seja, da realidade para o campo das ideias. A análise histórica nos leva a concluir que, a produção comteana, em seu conjunto, buscou apontar para a necessidade social de uma educação positiva sistemática, com o objetivo de formar o indivíduo como cidadão consciente de seu papel na sociedade e, dessa forma, alcançar o progresso, dentro dos limites da ordem social estabelecida.ResumenEl marco teórico elaborado por Auguste Comte presenta una naturaleza fundamentalmente pedagógica. Por lo tanto, presupone la "regeneración" de la humanidad. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar un análisis sobre la comprensión comteana de la sociedad moderna y postulados que fundamentaron el positivismo frente a un escenario marcado por profundas transformaciones y convulsiones sociales. Para lograr los objetivos propuestos, hacemos un acercamiento inicial contextualizando su producción en el escenario político, social y económico en la Europa de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Por consiguiente, presentamos las propuestas conservadoras del autor, pues buscó una solución racional y científica a los problemas de la sociedad. Discutimos el proyecto pedagógico de Comte que asigna a la mujer y a la familia un papel prominente en el nuevo orden defendido por él y el modelo de educación comteano. La metodología es una investigación histórica basada en el materialismo histórico y dialéctico. Esta metodología comprende la sociedad basada en las condiciones reales de la existencia humana, desde el concreto hasta el abstracto. En otras palabras, de la realidad para el campo de las ideas. El análisis histórico nos lleva a concluir que la producción comteana en su conjunto, trató de apuntar a la necesidad social de una educación positiva sistemática. Esto resultó en la formación del individuo como ciudadano consciente de su papel en la sociedad y en el logro del progreso, dentro de los límites del orden social establecido.Palavras-chave: Auguste Comte, Positivismo, Educação.Keywords: Positivism, Education.Palabras-clave: Educación.ReferencesANDERY, Maria Amália Pie Abib; SÉRIO, Tereza Maria de Azevedo Pires. Há uma ordem imutável na natureza e o conhecimento a reflete: Auguste Comte. In: ANDERY, Maria Amália “et al.”. Para compreender a ciência: uma perspectiva histórica. Rio de Janeiro: Espaço e Tempo: São Paulo: Educ, 1996.BENOIT, Lelita Oliveira. Augusto Comte: fundador da física social. 2 ed. São Paulo: Moderna, 2006. (Coleção Logos)BERGO, Antonio Carlos. O positivismo: caracteres e influência no Brasil. Reflexão, Campinas, ano VIII, n. 25, p. 47-97, jan./abr. 1983.COMTE, Auguste. Curso de filosofia positiva; Discurso sobre o espírito positivo; Discurso preliminar sobre o conjunto do positivismo; Catecismo positivista. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1978. (Os Pensadores).LOPES, Eliane Marta Teixeira. As relações entre os contextos históricos e os discursos pedagógicos. In:____ Origens da educação pública: a instrução na revolução burguesa do século XVIII. Coleção EDUCAÇÃO. São Paulo: Loyola, 1981.LÖWY, Michael. As aventuras de Karl Marx contra o Barão de Münchhausen: marxismo e positivismo na sociologia do conhecimento. São Paulo: Cortez Editora, 1998.MANACORDA, Mario Alighiero. História da Educação: da Antiguidade aos nossos dias. São Paulo: Cortez, 1996.MARTINS, Carlos Benedito. O que é sociologia. São Paulo: Brasilense, 1984.MARX, Karl. O capital. Crítica da Economia Política. Livro Primeiro. VOLUME I. O Processo de Produção do Capital. TOMO 1 (Prefácios e Capítulos I a XII). São Paulo: Editora Nova Cultural, 1996. (Os Economistas).PONCE, Aníbal. Educação e luta de classes. São Paulo: Cortez Editora, 2001.RIBEIRO JR., João. O que é positivismo. São Paulo: Brasilense, 1988.SILVA, João Carlos da. “O amor por princípio, a ordem por base, o progresso por fim”: as propostas do apostolado positivista para a educação brasileira (1870-1930). Cascavel: Unioeste, 2016.SINGER, Paul. Aprender economia. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1983.e3382097

The people’s mind can conjure up a certain imagery that denies the reality of death and proclaims eternity and perpetual youth. The story of Urashima Tarō is well known across Japan and there is no child or adult who does not know the tale of the fisherman who rescued a turtle. In return for his kindness, the turtle assumed human form and took him under the sea, to the Dragon Palace, where he stayed three years, till he bacame homesick and wanted to go back to his village, but, upon his return, he learned that three hundred years had passed and his family was long dead. The story of Urashima first appeared in Tango Fudoki (713), then in Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan, 720) and, a few decades later, in 759, in Man’yōshū (Collection of the Ten Thousand Leaves), the oldest anthology of Japanese poetry. There is a “feminine” counterpart to this story, the legend of Happyaku Bikuni (The eight-hundred-year-old nun) about a quasi-immortal woman who wandered throughout Japan till she reached Wakasa/Obama, where she died at an age of eight hundred years. The woman had attained eternal youth after accidentally eating mermaid flesh. The two tales introduce different perspectives on immortality and eternal youth, but, interestingly enough, both are strongly connected with water, either by plunging to the bottom of the sea, into the Dragon Palace, or by eating the flesh of a marine creature. Even if the “immortality context” of Urashima Tarō and Happyaku Bikuni may differ—the fisherman’s immortality is topological, related to the special attributes of a given space; the nun’s immortality is circumstantial, rendered by a set of events that made her consume mermaid flesh—what unites the two characters is their “unintentionality.” They neither asked for eternal youth nor pursued immortality as desperately as Gilgamesh or Ponce de Leon, but they were involuntarily pushed towards that outcome.

This chapter traces the history of plantation slavery and sugar cane in Ponce. Before emancipation, libertos performed tasks related to the processing of sugar in the mills. From the point of view of hacendados, libertos were the most knowledgeable labor force and the most familiar with daily routines of sugar production. That placed them at a high position in the hierarchy of labor. As the sugarcane industry became more mechanized, the knowledge and skills of libertos became more indispensable. Consequently, after the abolition of slavery in 1873, hacendados adopted various methods to try to keep libertos working for them. One strategy consisted of offering libertos small plots of land on the grounds of the hacienda. Libertos could farm and grow animals for their family's subsistence in these plots. The ownership of land, albeit small, also gave libertos some degree of autonomy.