Journal articles: 'Pond construction'

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Perry, W. Guthrie, Allan B. Ensminger, and Walter R. Latapie. "Marsh Pond Construction." Proceedings of the annual workshop - World Mariculture Society 3, no. 1-4 (February 25, 2009): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1972.tb00057.x.

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Haci, Sogukpinar, Bozkurt Ismail, and Cag Serkan. "Evaluation of Solar Ponds and Aplication Area." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186402002.

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Solar ponds are heat storage systems where solar energy is collected and stored thermally. Solar ponds were discovered during the temperature variations in the lower regions of existing saltwater pond in the area is found to be higher than their surface. Later, it was constructed artificially and started to be used. These systems have heat storage capacity at moderate temperatures. Solar pons are used in many areas such as electricity generation, heating the environment, meeting the need of hot water, drying food and obtaining fresh water from salty water. In this study, the studies about solar ponds were summarized, the construction of solar pond was explained, and the application areas were examined.

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Gharabaghi, B., A. Fata, T. Van Seters, R. P. Rudra, G. MacMillan, D. Smith, J. Y. Li, A. Bradford, and G. Tesa. "Evaluation of sediment control pond performance at construction sites in the Greater Toronto Area." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-074.

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Receiving water quality concerns associated with increased construction activities in recent years in the Greater Toronto Area has prompted the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) to evaluate design criteria for sediment control ponds employed during the construction period. Stormwater management ponds located in the towns of Richmond Hill and Markham were monitored to obtain stormwater runoff quantity and influent-effluent quality data during site development. The ponds were designed and constructed in accordance with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Stormwater management planning and design manual 2003 for an enhanced level of protection (i.e., 80% total suspended solids removal). A hydrodynamic and sediment-transport model was used to examine the effect of pond geometry on sediment removal efficiency under varying storm events. The monitoring data and the modelling results clearly demonstrate the importance of proper pond size and geometry design. This paper focuses on the effect of the ratio of pond length to pond width in minimizing the short-circuiting effect and improvement of the sediment removal efficiency of stormwater management ponds. The results of this study will be useful in updating the design criteria for stormwater management ponds.Key words: stormwater, management, pond, design, sediment.

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Rafiqie, Musyaffa. "Analisa Kualitas Air Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Tambak Rakyat Kontruksi Dinding Semen Dan Dasar Tambak Semen Di Pantai Konang, Kecamatan Panggul Kabupaten Trenggalek." Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 12, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jsapi.v12i1.838.

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The water quality analysis activities carried out by smallholder farmers with the construction of cement walls and cement pond bases on the Konang beach, Panggul District, Trenggalek Regency, have not met the standard standards in the analysis of pond water quality. Pond farmers only analyze the pH, brightness and temperature of the pond water. The research objective was to obtain information and describe the analysis of water quality in the community pond construction of cement walls and the bottom of cement ponds at Konang beach, Panggul District, Trenggalek Regency. The activity of analyzing the water quality of the community plots of construction of cement walls and the bottom of the cement ponds on the Konang beach, Panggul District, Trenggalek Regency, was observed in the form of temperature, brightness and pH, with a pond area of 250 m2. Water quality observation activities for 30 days, in one day water quality observations are made twice, namely in the morning and evening. The pH measurement results were obtained, ranging from 7.4 to 8.5, so that the results of measuring the pH of the water in the people's ponds in Koneng Beach were still normal or normal. According to Boyd (2001) in Andi S and Sahabuddin (2014), it is said that water organisms (fish or shrimp) require a pH range of 6.8 - 8.5. the results of measuring the brightness with a simple tool, the measurement results are between 25-40 cm. Badrudin et al (2014) stated that the optimum brightness level of pond water which is influenced by plankton density is around 20 - 40 cm. So that the level of brightness can be concluded that it is still in rational or optimal. The temperature in the ponds was 24 ᴼC - 28 ᴼC, still within normal or optimal. According to Supito (2017), the pond temperature in the range of 28 ᴼ C to 32 ᴼ C is the optimal temperature forcultivating vaname shrimp.

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Jones, G. F., K. A. Meyer, J. C. Hedstrom, and J. S. Dreicer. "Design, Construction, and Initial Operation of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Salt-Gradient Solar Pond." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267697.

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This paper discusses the design, construction, and initial operation of the solar pond at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This 232 m2 pond is the third facet of a threefold approach to the study of hydrodynamic effects in double diffusive systems, such as solar ponds. The first two facets are flow visualization experiments and one-dimensional laboratory tank tests [1]. Data from these experiments, in addition to other data from the literature, are used to validate the one-dimensional dynamic performance pond model developed by one of the authors [2]. Our particular interest is the boundary-layer structure at the interfaces between the convecting and nonconvecting zones, interaction between the zones, and surface zone effects including diurnal heating effects and wind-induced turbulence. A pond, such as the one this paper describes, provides possible insight into several pond physical processes that may not occur in smaller-scale laboratory experiments due to edge effects, or may be impossible to simulate.

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Calero, C. X., D. D. Mara, and M. R. Peña. "Anoxic ponds in the sugar cane industry: a case study from Colombia." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2000): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0610.

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Waste stabilisation ponds are a common technology used to treat sugar mill wastewaters in Colombia. Despite this there are problems related to biological process design and construction of these units. The situation with regards to operation and maintenance is far from satisfactory and also contributes to pond malfunctioning. In this sense, a pond system located at Providencia sugar mill on the southwest region of Colombia, South America was evaluated. The system comprises an anaerobic pond followed by a secondary anoxic pond. The whole system removes 73-82% of the BOD, with 53-70% occurring in the secondary anoxic pond, which is satisfactory despite the predominant conditions of organic overloading. However, TSS removal was low in comparison to BOD removal. The secondary anoxic pond proved to be an efficient treatment unit with the advantage of controlling odour release through photosynthetic bacterial activity. Land area requirements were less than those for green algal facultative ponds.

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Sogukpinar, Haci, Ismail Bozkurt, and Mehmet Karakilcik. "Performance comparison of aboveground and underground solar ponds." Thermal Science 22, no. 2 (2018): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160613269s.

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This paper deals with the modeling of two different solar ponds which has some different structural parameters such as aboveground and underground, and its performance evaluation. The solar pond system generally consists of three zones, and the densities of these zones decrease from the bottom of the pond to the surface. The most significant decrease in the density distribution of the salt between bottom and up of the pond is the gradient zone. The convective heat loss in the solar pond is prevented with this zone. In this study, aboveground and underground solar ponds were modeled at the same dimensions, but different structural parameters in the same conditions. In this model, the temperature distributions of the solar pond were obtained during a year. The thermal performances of the solar pond were calculated and the results were compared with an experiment. This study shows that the efficiency of the aboveground solar pond is observed to be a maximum of 25.93% in July, a minimum of 4.53% in January. Furthermore, the efficiency of the underground solar pond is observed to be a maximum of 21.49% in July, a minimum of 6.55% in January. This study indicates that the underground construction of solar ponds, designed to be insulated using appropriate insulation materials, is found to be more efficient with respect to the aboveground pond.

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Mushtaq, Shahbaz, Shahbaz Khan, and Mohsin Hafeez. "Evaluating the impact of ponds in sustaining crop production: a case of Zhanghe irrigation system in China." Water Policy 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.019.

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Ponds are small reservoirs located in irrigated areas that allow farmers to capture rainfall, store surplus water from irrigation canals and conserve water from other sources. These ponds allow the users to obtain water on-demand providing built-in flexibility by storing water close to water users. Though ponds have been used widely in irrigated areas for many years, a recent increase in the construction of ponds because of growing water shortages and government policies are placing greater need on understanding their role in sustaining crop production. We evaluated the impact of ponds in sustaining agricultural production, specifically the impact of ponds on cost of irrigation, crop area and production. Multivariate regression models were developed to assess the impact of ponds. The results of an assessment of the impact of access to pond water indicated that it reduces the total cost of irrigation. However, the effect is not statistically significant, whereas access to pond water had some positive but non significant impact on rice area and yield. The results did not show any significant increase in yield and rice area because of the similar quality of ponds and the ZIS canal water; the ZIS contributes around 20% to pond water. However, comparing yield using pond water and rainfed agriculture may show a significant impact of pond water. We envision that ponds will continue to play vital roles in sustaining agricultural production.

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Miller, Christian L., and Joe Garofalo. "INCORPORATING PONDS INTO SOUTHERN FLORIDA'S TROPICAL URBAN LANDSCAPE." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 501F—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.501f.

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Water gardening is fast becoming an integral part of many South Florida landscapes. Due to this growing trend, many professional pond construction and maintenance companies are prospering. However, most people lack the knowledge, finances, or space to build a large show pond. In areas where space is an issue, homeowners may find that a smaller container water feature may be a suitable replacement for the more traditional display pond. Ponds come in a wide variety of styles, shapes, materials, and sizes, so one is only limited by their imagination and budget. Since proper planning is critical to the long term success of any pond, a prospective pond owner should seek the expertise of professional pond company or their county extension agent. Due to South Florida's subtropical climate, a unique variety of plants and fishes are available to the water gardener, which allow for the garden to be enjoyed year-round.

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Buchanan, Neil, Paul Young, Nancy J. Cromar, and Howard J. Fallowfield. "Comparison of the treatment performance of a high rate algal pond and a facultative waste stabilisation pond operating in rural South Australia." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.201.

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Abstract South Australian community wastewater management schemes (CWMS) treat wastewater using waste stabilisation ponds before disposal or reuse. This study compared the performance of a facultative pond, 6,300 m2, 27.5 d theoretical hydraulic retention time (THRT), with a high rate algal pond (HRAP) operated at depths of 0.32, 0.43 and 0.55 m with THRT equivalent to 4.5, 6.4 and 9.1 d respectively. Both ponds received influents of identical quality, differing only in quantity, and were operated in similar climatic conditions. The depth of HRAP operation had only a minor influence on treatment performance. The study showed that the quality of the treated effluent from the HRAP was equivalent to that of the facultative pond, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand removal >89%, NH4-N removal 59.09–74.45%. Significantly, Escherichia coli log10 reduction values by the HRAP, 1.74–2.10, were equivalent to those of the facultative pond. Consequently, HRAPs could replace facultative ponds within CWMS while maintaining treated effluent quality. The benefit would be halving the surface area requirement from 4.2 m2 capita−1 for the facultative pond to between 2.0 and 2.3 m2 capita−1, depth dependent, for an HRAP, with significant attendant reductions in the capital costs for construction.

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Estrada, V. E. E., and D. E. A. Hernández. "Treatment of piggery wastes in waste stabilization ponds." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0008.

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The piggery industry produces high effluent loads. This is due to the high concentration of animals kept in a confined space, foods with high protein content that are not well assimilated by the animals, and poor on-farm water management. In this study, we present the characteristics, design, site selection, soil study, and the construction of a pilot pond system for a family farm located in a warm climate area. The design includes a solids sedimentation phase, an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond and three maturation ponds. Once the system had reached steady state, the organic and bacterial kinetic constants were determined for each pond. The control parameters were determined and the dissolved oxygen and removal efficiency profiles were obtained. The results indicate that the effluent from the second maturation pond complies with the Official Mexican Standard for reuse in agriculture (≤1000 FC/100 ml).

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Oakley, S. M., A. Pocasangre, C. Flores, J. Monge, and M. Estrada. "Waste stabilization pond use in Central America: The experiences of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2000): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0607.

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Within the last 15 years 34 waste stabilization pond systems have been built in Central America in the countries of El Salvador (6 systems), Honduras (12 systems), Guatemala (9 systems), and Nicaragua (8 systems); these systems were built for municipalities with populations ranging from 5,000 to 80,000 persons. There are 14 additional systems in the final design phase or under construction in the region, including the first designs for large cities: a 162 hectare facultative system for Managua, Nicaragua (population (1,000,000); and a 168 hectare system for San Pedro Sula, Honduras (population (640,000). Monitoring data from Honduras and Nicaragua show that treatment efficiency is generally comparable to tropical pond systems cited in the literature in other parts of the world, although fecal coliform removal has not been as good as theoretically predicted and the desludging of facultative ponds has been a significant operational cost. While waste stabilization ponds are generally considered the technology of choice for municipal wastewater treatment within Central America, there are, nevertheless, problem areas that need to be addressed if waste stabilization pond use is to have continued acceptance and long-term sustainability. These areas of concern at the regional level are: i) design guidelines using parameters from data developed in Central America; ii) effluent guidelines that are realistic for pond effluents for reuse or surface water discharge; iii) monitoring programs focusing specifically on pathogen removal; iv) cost-effective grit removal and sludge removal from facultative ponds; v) improving designs for pathogen removal; vi) the need for centralized (El Salvador and Nicaragua) versus decentralized (Guatemala and Honduras) mechanisms for financing and operation and maintenance; vii) the development of comparative cost data for construction, operation and maintenance, pond desludging, and microbiological monitoring; and viii) the development of training programs for design, operationand maintenance, and monitoring.

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Li, Xian-wen. "Technical economic analysis of stabilization ponds." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0468.

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Employing stabilization pond systems to treat wastewater has the advantages of being economical of energy, easy to operate, and low in operation costs. However, stabilization pond systems have the problem of occupying large areas of land. Therefore, only after an overall technical economic analysis is made can an assessment be made of whether it is feasible to employ a stabilization pond systems to treat wastewater. During the period of the Seventh Five-year Plan of China, the “Study on the Technology of Stabilization Ponds” was set as one of the national scientific and technological key items. Seven experimental bases were established ranging from the north down to the south of China. With the great numbers of operational data obtained from both these bases and the existing stabilization pond systems, an analysis of the composition of the capital outlay in the stabilization pond system construction was made. The analysis shows that the land purchase cost accounts for approximately 60% of the capital outlay in construction and is the most important influencing factor. A comparison between the various costs of stabilization pond systems and those of conventional sewage treatment plant was made. Thereupon two new parameters were put forward: “equal capital land cost” and “upper limit of feasible land cost”. At the same time, a nationwide isogram of these two parameters was plotted. This isogram may be useful for preliminary design and planning purposes, and may be helpful to the users to assess comparatively easily whether its feasible to employ stabilization pond system.

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Reid, R. L., A. H. P. Swift, W. J. Boegli, V. R. Kane, and B. A. Castaneda. "Design, Construction, and Initial Operation of a 3355 m2 Solar Pond in El Paso." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268331.

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A 3355 square meter, 3.3 m deep water storage pond in El Paso, Tex. was converted to a salt-gradient solar pond to supply industrial process heat to an adjacent food processing plant. Approximately 1.9 × 106 kg of sodium chloride salt was obtained to prepare near saturated brine for pond construction. Design and construction of the solar pond are described in detail including the lining technique, salt dissolution method, diffuser design, instrumentation, maintenance of optical clarity, and gradient establishment, including resolution of initial problems in gradient stability. The solar pond has been in continuous operation for over three years.

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El Sharkawi, F., O. El Sebaie, A. Hossam, and G. Abdel Kerim. "Evaluation of daqahla wastewater treatment plant, aerated lagoon and ponds system." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 11 (December 1, 1995): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0415.

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In Egypt, Daqahla wastewater treatment plant (WTP) includes two anaerobic ponds, one aerated lagoon followed by three maturation ponds. It started operation in 1989. This plant is chosen as an example for evaluation as a cost-effective method for wastewater treatment in rural areas. A sanitary survey, laboratory analysis and cost survey were carried out during the period between December 1991 to September 1992. It was found that Daqahla community has high strength wastewater characterised by an average BOD5 of 454 mg/l and average SS of 508 mg/l. Furthermore, it was noticed that Daqahla WTP was loaded with an actual flow (833 m3/d) higher than the design flow (520 m3/d). In addition there was a wide fluctuation in the loads applied to the system. The system was evaluated, and the average removal efficiencies of suspended solids, BOD5 and COD were 92%, 95% and 93% respectively. While there was no removal of ammonia and phosphate, with respect to the efficiency of the anaerobic ponds, it was noticed that about 50% of the organic loading was removed and this is consistent with the literature. In order to upgrade the efficiency of the aerated lagoon and the first maturation pond, the design load and detention time must be taken into consideration. Sludge removal processes must be considered since the first maturation ponds was working as a settling pond. It was noticed that the second and the third maturation ponds were working as facultative ponds. To upgrade their efficiencies, the actual organic loading must not exceed the design load with a minimum retention time of 3 days per pond. The cost survey indicates that the construction cost is 63 LE/cap. Land costs in delta and desert areas are 19 and 2 LE/cap., respectively (acre prices in delta and desert are 40000 and 4000 LE respectively. Total construction cost in the delta is 82 LE/cap., while in the desert, the total construction cost is 65 LE/cap. Furthermore, the operation and maintenance cost is 12 LE/cap. year.

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Lin, Tzu-Hui. "Ponds of landuse in Yangmei District and Pingzhen District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-218-2019.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to explore the land use of the pond in Taoyuan where located in north Taiwan. Apply ponds to gather water to irrigate the paddy field is a special landscape in this area. In this study, six maps from 1921 to 2015 were selected to digitize the change of the landuse, and intersection, erase analysis functions of GIS were used to show the growth and decline process of ponds, combined with literature analysis to discuss the background of the landuse development. The results reveal that from 1921 to 1989, 91% ponds were converted to paddy field. In 1989 to 1993, only 68% paddy fields and 30% settlements exist. The reasons for the conversion of ponds to paddy field were the construction of Shimen Reservoir in that time led to decline people’s willingness to use the pond to irrigate; the reason for the increase in settlements was the increase in population. This study proved that the growth and decline of pond was absolutely related to human interaction, and has an absolute impact on agricultural use in all days.

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Grytsyuk, I. V., E. A. Ivanov, and I. P. Kovalchuk. "PROBLEMS OF VOLYN REGION POND FARMS CONDITIONS AND FUNCTIONING GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (58) (2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2020.3.10.

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The ponds distribution regularities within the basin, landscape and landscape-hydrological systems in the Volyn region have been established. The geospatial pond farms conditions and functioning analysis of region made it possible to evaluate advantages and disadvantages to use appropriate types of systems for these needs. To estimate basin systems saturation level by ponds was processed topographic maps of 1 : 50,000 scale. 586 ponds with an area of water mirror over 0.5 ha were identified on them. The average area of reservoirs is 6.4‒67.5 ha. Construction and exploitation of ponds in river basins of Volyn region significantly changes their landscape structure, influences on functioning of water bodies. The peculiarity of region is considerable river regulation on its upper parts. Maximum transformations (including hydrotechnical ones) have undergone floodplain complexes of small rivers, first of all on rivers Lypa, Luga, Serny and Chornoguzka. In the Pripyat basin, counting about 456 pond’s with a total water mirror area of 3 400,61 ha. Most ponds are concentrated in Goryn, Styr, Stokhid and Turiya basin systems. In Western Bug basin there are 131 ponds with a total area of 841.78 ha. The basin is characterized by higher rates of pond density (over 40 units/1000 km2). Most of ponds are locating in Luga river basin (110 units). For individual landscape places, quantitative parameters of pond differ, and the pond density varies from 7,69 to 86,48 units/1000 km2. The highest pond density is characteristic for Volyn highland. It is declining substantially in northeast direction, especially within Polissya alluvial-lakes, floodplains and terraces places of region. It is proposed to use landscape-hydrological systems as an alternative to inventory of water bodies. The highest counts of ponds in region are in Styr-III sub-basins (175 units; 29.9 % of their total) and Luga-III (109 units). Density of ponds in these sub-basins exceeds 50‒80 units/1000 km2. The high density of ponds is characteristic of Goryn-III sub-basin, especially of territory stocking index (13.52 km2/1000 km2). In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase of pond farms number in region.

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Zain, M. Adnan. "STUDI KESESUAIAN LAHAN TAMBAK DI KAWASAN BEKAS PELABUHAN BATUBARA KECAMATAN SATUI KALIMANTAN SELATAN DENGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS Study of Fishpond Land Suitability at Ex the Coal Port in Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province using Geographic Information System)(." Fish Scientiae 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fs.v1i1.1182.

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Satui district is the largest coal producing area in South Kalimantan and it has a coastal and marine areas that quite broad. Mining activity causes a lot of impact of environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Conditions of aquaculture in Satui district is currently vulnerable to damage resulting from the former coal mining and the construction of the illegal construction of the specific port. The purpose of this study is collecting the parameters of land suitability evaluation for pond in the Satui district pond and knowing the level of suitability coastal ponds in the Satui district with GIS. The method that applied at this research are observing and analyzingthe criteria parameters of environmental quality for pond development which supported by field data to find the level of compliance. This study including some stages, they are image using, field data collection and data analysis. Water quality, soil and land suitability analysis, the paramaters study at this study are slope, the zone fisiology, soil texture and water supply. Based on GIS analysis, the area very suitable for pond around the port is 486 ha, the suitable area is 406 ha, the moderate area is 1.734 ha and unsuitable area is 1.197 ha.

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Lu, Huanmin, Andrew H. P. Swift, Herbert D. Hein,, and John C. Walton. "Advancements in Salinity Gradient Solar Pond Technology Based on Sixteen Years of Operational Experience." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1667977.

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The El Paso salinity gradient solar pond, initiated in 1983, has been in operation since 1985. Through 16 years of research and operation, the El Paso Solar Pond has successfully demonstrated applications including desalination, waste brine management, industrial process heat production, and electricity generation; and has developed and implemented key technical advancements to improve the technical viability and economic feasibility of salinity gradient solar ponds, including: 1) an automated instrumentation monitoring system, 2) a stability analysis strategy and high temperature (60–90°C) gradient maintenance methods, 3) a scanning injection technique for improved salinity gradient construction and maintenance, 4) new liner technology, and 5) an improved heat extraction system.

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Chunkao, Kasem, Wit Tarnchalanukit, Paiboon Prabuddham, Onanong Phewnil, Surat Bualert, Kittichai Duangmal, Thanit Pattamapitoon, and Chatri Nimpee. "H.M. The King's Royally Initiated LERD Project on Community Wastewater Treatment through Small Wetlands and Oxidation Pond in Phetchaburi, Thailand." Modern Applied Science 8, no. 5 (September 25, 2014): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v8n5p233.

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The research on community wastewater treatment through small aquatic-planting and grass-filtration constructed wetland in cooperating with oxidation ponds is aimed to establish demonstration models for eliminating organic contaminants under nature-by-nature process, simple technology and less expenses. There have been 7 small wetlands on 100-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small vertical flow construction wetlands (VFCW), 7 small wetlands on 25-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small VFCW in cooperating with zero discharge, 2 experimental plots of planted mangrove forest and 5-consecutive oxidation ponds plus 3 herbivore fishes per square meter. For research operation, some municipal wastewater were pumped about 0.025-cms flow rate from Phetchaburi collected pond through 18.5-km HPDE pipe with separating receivers: firstly, to small grass and aquatic planted wetlands; secondly, to small constructed wetlands; thirdly, to the planted mangrove forest; and finally to the 5-consecutive ponds in descending order of 20 cm by beginning the depth of 2.6 m at the first pond (sedimentation pond) till 1.8 m at the last pond, In basic principles, an influent has to flow continuously at height of one-third depth below surface of oxidation pond on hydraulic retention time (HRT), then flowing over weir crest about 5 cm. The effluent of each oxidation pond was monthly sampled for analyzing the water quality in order to estimate the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In the same procedures, the effluent from small wetlands as grown by aquatic plants as well as zero discharge had to collect for water quality analysis. The results found the wastewater treatment efficiency above 60 percentages for COD, BOD, and TSS. The usable life of plants for maximum wastewater treatment efficiency were specified at 90 days and 45 days for aquatic plants (Typha angustifolia Linn. and Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.), respectively. It was noticed that small wetland and oxidation pond were suitable for community wastewater treatment and gained benefits from the wastewater treatment system.

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Ganesh, Bharathi, H. Sharada Bai, Ramaswamy Nagendra, and Shivaram Bagade. "Pond Ash: An Alternative Material as Fine Aggregate in Concrete for Sustainable Construction." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1071.

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Consequent upon increased generation of electricity through thermal route involving combustion of pulverized coal/ignite, concurrent generation of fly ash/pond ash in bulk quantities is a matter of serious concern not only because of issues associated with its disposal and utilization, but also because of its threat to public health and ecology. Though a lot of research has been carried out for the effective utilization of flyash like its use in construction industry etc, little literature is available on pond ash utilization particularly its use as a constituent material for concrete in construction industry. Hence pond ash - a waste material, if supplements shortage of fine aggregate (river sand) in mortar and concrete, reduces the demand for disposal of thermal power plant waste, reduces its environmental impact with proper utilization of huge quantity of waste in construction industry. Researches are being carried out worldwide which shows the suitability of Pond Ash as FA. This paper summerises various characteristics of Pond Ash as fine aggregate in concrete with its engineering properties such as its shape, gradation, texture, physical, chemical and also morphological aspects when used in concrete

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Hanaeus, Jorgen. "Swedish field experiences with chemical precipitation in stabilization ponds." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-005.

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Historically, sewage treatment in Sweden shows a development towards the construction and use of package plants. These package plants, however, present several problems associated with flow and temperature.Year-long studies of chemical precipitation using slaked lime in stabilization ponds have demonstrated an overall reduction of organic matter (as COD (chemical oxygen demand)) of about 75% to a level somewhat below 100 mg/L, and a reduction of total phosphorus of 90% to approximately 0.7 mg/L as P. These values were reached under ordinary operating plant conditions. No efforts to optimize the process were made. Chemical precipitation treatment using slaked lime has shown good bacterial reduction at the high pH values obtained.Two tracer studies using Rhodamine B dye have demonstrated the appearance of strong short-circuiting flows in pond systems and the inserting of simple baffle walls in the pond has been recommended. Dewatering the sludge in the ponds by natural freezing has proven to be an excellent process, as the time for collecting sludge can be chosen almost arbitrarily during the year.The lack of design guidelines, especially with respect to detention time, is rather obvious. The conventionally used design criteria for pond surface area design have proven to be inadequate. Key words: sewage treatment, stabilization ponds, chemical precipitation, phosphorus removal, tracer, sludge treatment.

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Abdel-Shafy, Hussein I., Inka Hobus, and Werner Hegemann. "Upgrading of decentralized ponds for municipal wastewater treatment and restricted reuse." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2011.022.

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Upgrading of a pond system for municipal wastewater treatment in a decentralized area is evaluated. The pond was constructed for the treatment of 63 m3/d. Currently it receives 83 m3/d, therefore poor treatment efficiency was recorded. An expansion of 1.6 times the present land area was required. In addition to construction, operation and maintenance were required to meet the permissible limits. The other option was to introduce aeration system to the ponds without any additional requirements. The efficiency of the successive treatment steps on the wastewater quality, including metals in the treated effluent/sludge and bacterial counts, was evaluated for agricultural reuse. The physical, chemical and bacterial parameters as well as the input aeration load (h) during the study period were investigated extensively. The results indicated that remarkable improvement in the treated effluent was achieved after upgrading the pond system via aeration. The removal rate of the pollution parameters ranged from 75 to 85%. The level of heavy metals in the produced sludge was below the permissible concentration and does not represent any risk. Meanwhile, it was possible to avoid any requirements for addition land area or construction of treatment and proved that the treated effluents can be reused for restricted water reuse.

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Medri, Waldir, and Vandir Medri. "A Mathematical Model for the Removal of Organic Mater in Stabilization Ponds." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 1 (March 2002): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000100014.

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This work presents an application to systemize the construction of ponds systems for treatment of domestic sewage. It consisted of two anaerobic ponds operated in parallel during May/97 to April/99. These were connected in series with a chicaned facultative pond. The treatment system was controlled with samples collected from the crude sewage (compound sample), in the affluents and effluents of the ponds and along the flux of the anaerobic and facultative ponds. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Solids, Sedimentable Solids, Total Coliforms, Oxygen Consumed in Acid Medium (OCAM) and temperature.

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Sumarni, Sumarni, Mariam Mariam, and Hadija Hadija. "The Analysis of the Pattern of Aquaculture Business Management Application to Increase the Farmers’ Income in Pangkep Regency." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v5i2.11472.

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The study focuses on the intensification by applying processing technologies of ponds through the programs of pond intensification, which is the farming techniques, covering the repair of pond construction, water, pest/disease control, fertilization and supplementary feeding, stocking of high quality seeds, processing, marketing and business management. Extensification is intended to expand the fish farming to several areas that have great potential, while diversification is directed at the diversity of the fishery as well as the development of processing and marketing industry. This study was conducted in Pangkep Regency, Pangkajene Distrcit, Bungoro, Labakkang, Ma'rang 'and Segeri, Mandalle since this area is one of the development areas for pond intensification in South Sulawesi. This activity was carried out by field observation through interviews, questionnaires and focus group disscussion with all relevant parties. This research used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods by which data and information obtained were analyzed quantitatively and then qualitatively by using a multiple regression analysis.

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Chaibandit, Khanittha, and Supasit Konyai. "Flood Routing in Reservoirs Using Synthetic Unit Hydrograph: The Case of Bung Takreng Reservoir in Yom Basin, Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.818.

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The disastrous flood that inundated many areas of the Chao Phraya basin in 2011 caused many detrimental effects on the countrys economy and society. It is vital for all concerned to better plan and manage these effects in order to minimize future disasters areas. Flood reduction requires water flow detention or deceleration of during the storm water season. The construction of water detention ponds is one solution that should be taken into account. This study investigated the reduction of water flow in Yom basin (a sub-basin of Chao Phraya basin) using the synthetic unit hydrograph to synthesize deluge parameters. The objectives of this case study are to utilize natural lowland areas upstream of Yom Basin, namely Bung Takreng, Bung Kheerang, and Bung Raman. These three swamps are adjacent to one another, so one detention pond system could be constructed. The relationship between volume (S) and height (H) of the detention pond system was found to be S=18866224.8H1.15based on the analysis of elevation data using Geographic Information System (GIS). The estimated inflow to the detention pond at different return periods was based on the synthetic unit hydrograph. The maximum flow rate was analyzed by flood routing through a modeled reservoir system. The reservoir system was assigned a 3 m height dyke over the spillways, dividing into 2 m for the peak drainage and 1 m freeboard. Flood routing was performed at the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. We obtained the following safe lengths of spillway: 30, 70, 100, 140, 175, and 210 m, respectively. The detention pond system can detain water for 4 hr and reduce the peak flow in Yom River to 81.83, 84.44, 77.26, 81.00, 90.81, and 89.81m3/sec or 9.37, 5.75, 4.08, 3.30, 3.15, and 2.71 percent, respectively. Findings of this study can be applied in decision making regarding the construction size of the reservoirs. In addition, the results can be applied in developing other areas into detention ponds.

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Omofunmi, O. "Basic and Technical Considerations on Pond Design and Construction." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 15, no. 4 (January 10, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2016/24815.

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Hong, Kwang-Pyo. "Various Meanings of Wolji Pond Construction in Shilla Dynasty." Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 34, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14700/kitla.2016.34.3.067.

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Shilton, A. N., D. D. Mara, R. Craggs, and N. Powell. "Solar-powered aeration and disinfection, anaerobic co-digestion, biological CO2 scrubbing and biofuel production: the energy and carbon management opportunities of waste stabilisation ponds." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.666.

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Waste stabilisation pond (WSP) technology offers some important advantages and interesting possibilities when viewed in the light of sustainable energy and carbon management. Pond systems stand out as having significant advantages due to simple construction; low (or zero) operating energy requirements; and the potential for bio-energy generation. Conventional WSP requires little or no electrical energy for aerobic treatment as a result of algal photosynthesis. Sunlight enables WSP to disinfect wastewaters very effectively without the need for any chemicals or electricity consumption and their associated CO2 emissions. The energy and carbon emission savings gained over electromechanical treatment systems are immense. Furthermore, because algal photosynthesis consumes CO2, WSP can be utilised as CO2 scrubbers. The environmental and financial benefits of pond technology broaden further when considering the low-cost, energy production opportunities of anaerobic ponds and the potential of algae as a biofuel. As we assess future best practice in wastewater treatment technology, perhaps one of the greatest needs is an improved consideration of the carbon footprint and the implications of future increases in the cost of electricity and the value of biogas.

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Indrawan, I. Gde Budi, Shinta Dwi Novianti, Heru Hendrayana, Doni Prakasa Eka Putra, and Wahyu Wilopo. "Evaluasi Kondisi Geologi Teknik dalam Pembangunan Embung." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 5, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.35691.

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Pucang Village was consisted of eruption materials of Merapi Volcano. The relatively high coefficient of permeability of the materials consisting this area caused rainwater to directly infiltrate into the ground. Evaluation of engineering geological conditions was conducted for construction of a detention pond in this area, which had limited water supply for daily activities. The evaluation was conducted on results of a 1:10.000 scale of engineering geological mapping and analyses of 1:10.000 scale of geological disaster maps produced by previous researchers. The engineering geological mapping involved mapping of morphological condition and active geomorphic process, lithological condition, existence of geological structure, and water source location. The evaluation results showed that the proposed location met the land suitability criteria for detention pond construction based on the morphological condition and active geomorphic process, existence of geological structure, and water source location, but did not meet those based on the lithological and vulnerability to Merapi Volcano eruption disaster. Construction of impermeable layer to prevent water seepage into the ground and periodic removal of sediment in the base of the detention pond were suggested to be carried out to keep the detention pond functioning properly.

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Papa, Fabian, and Barry J. Adams. "Application of derived probability and dynamic programming techniques to planning regional stormwater management systems." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0204.

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There exists a need on the part of land developers or municipalities responsible for stormwater servicing master planning to reduce the costs associated with the initial construction of stormwater facilities as well as with their operation and maintenance. Common integral components of stormwater control systems include stormwater management ponds for water quality control. These ponds may occupy valuable urban land and, hence, it is desirable to minimize the land coverage of these facilities while simultaneously satisfying water quality control objectives. The employment of optimization techniques in the planning and design process can thus play an important role by reducing the costs associated with the implementation of such facilities. This paper presents an optimization methodology for single catchments using a single stormwater quality control pond. This methodology is then further developed for a multiple parallel catchment (each with a single pond upstream of its outlet) optimization procedure employing principles of dynamic programming. The principal constraint of the problem formulation is to meet a specified pollution control level at the outfall to a receiving water body. The optimization technique employs analytical probabilistic models for stormwater management planning and analysis which are in a mathematically closed form and thus easily integrated into an optimization framework. The costs explicitly considered are land-associated costs and construction costs. Operation and maintenance costs can be incorporated into the framework if desired.

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Moreno-Opo, Rubén, Mariana Fernández-Olalla, Francisco Guil, Ángel Arredondo, Rafael Higuero, Manuel Martín, Carlos Soria, and José Guzmán. "The role of ponds as feeding habitat for an umbrella species: best management practices for the black stork Ciconia nigra in Spain." Oryx 45, no. 3 (July 2011): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001560.

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AbstractTo establish recommendations for wetland management that promote wildlife diversity in Mediterranean habitats we examined the factors that determine feeding habitat selection by the black stork Ciconia nigra in ponds. The black stork is considered an umbrella species because it is threatened, requires large foraging ranges in priority areas, is selective in its choice of diet and nesting sites, and inhabits a characteristic biological community with endemic and threatened taxa. Eighty-five ponds were monitored in central and western Spain to detect the stork feeding. At the same time, pond variables that could affect black stork feeding preferences were periodically evaluated. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyse principal components obtained from groups of factors related to structural, location and ecological conditions. The black stork selects ponds distant from roads, with a large surface area, high water level, shallow shores, low turbidity, few traces of wild ungulates on the shores, a high diversity of fish and amphibian species, and a vegetated perimeter, in flat and open areas. Potential factors affecting feeding behaviour are discussed. We suggest measures for pond construction and management that could favour this species in particular and biodiversity in general in the Mediterranean environment.

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Peña, M. R., J. Rodriguéz, D. D. Mara, and M. Sepulveda. "UASBs or anaerobic ponds in warm climates? A preliminary answer from Colombia." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2000): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0609.

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An anaerobic pond and a UASB reactor treating the same domestic sewage under the same environmental conditions were monitored at the wastewater research and technology transfer station in Ginebra, Valle del Cauca region in Colombia. Preliminary results showed removal efficiencies in the UASB of around 66, 78 and 69% for COD, BOD and TSS, respectively. The removal efficiencies in the anaerobic pond for the same parameters were 68, 59 and 73%, respectively. A preliminary cost comparison has shown that construction and operation and maintenance costs of the anaerobic pond are 16 and 38% less than those for the UASB, respectively. Based upon this preliminary study, it would seem that technical features of these two systems (AP and UASBs) in terms of removal efficiencies are not key points to choose one over the other since they perform similarly when treating the same sewage. This is particularly true if both reactors work under optimal conditions. Therefore, a more rational and definite answer to the question – UASBs or anaerobic ponds in warm climates? – must be based on a more rigorous appraisal of social, economic and managerial factors linked to the local context.

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Pierce, Clay L., Karen Ann Musgrove, Jean Ritterpusch, and Nancy E. Carl. "Littoral invertebrate abundance in bluegill spawning colonies and undisturbed areas of a small pond." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 2066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-316.

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Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) spawning activity creates benthic disturbances in the littoral zone of ponds and lakes. We assessed invertebrate densities and biomass in bluegill spawning colonies and nearby undisturbed areas before and after the onset of nest construction in a small pond. Juvenile fish abundance and prespawning sediment particle size distributions were also quantified. These data were used to evaluate whether bluegill spawning activity affects the abundance of benthic invertebrates. Densities and biomass of most macroinvertebrate taxa were similar before and just after nest construction. Insects tended to be more abundant in undisturbed areas 6 weeks after nest construction, while oligochaetes were more abundant in spawning areas. Total macroinvertebrate densities and biomass did not differ significantly on any sampling date. Micro-invertebrates (principally cladocerans and copepods) were much more abundant in undisturbed areas before spawning. Copepods and ostracods were more abundant in spawning areas after nest construction. Juvenile fish abundances were similar before spawning, but were significantly greater in undisturbed areas after spawning began. Macrophyte inhibition, reduced invertebrate colonization, differential predation pressure from juvenile fish, and other potential effects of spawning activity may account for some of these patterns.

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CHU, J., V. IVANOV, V. STABNIKOV, and B. LI. "Microbial method for construction of an aquaculture pond in sand." Géotechnique 63, no. 10 (August 2013): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.sip13.p.007.

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Terchunian, Aram, Victor Klemas, Alberto Segovia, Agustin Alvarez, Bryon Vasconez, and Luis Guerrero. "Mangrove mapping in Ecuador: The impact of shrimp pond construction." Environmental Management 10, no. 3 (May 1986): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01867258.

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Shilton, A., and J. Harrison. "Development of guidelines for improved hydraulic design of waste stabilisation ponds." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0114.

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Pond hydraulic behaviour is influenced by the inlet/outlet configuration, baffles and wind, but design information relating to these factors is still very limited. This paper reviews the development of “Guidelines for the Improved Hydraulic Design of Waste Stabilisation Ponds” and summarises some of the key findings and recommendations. This work was based on review of previous research, laboratory experimentation, field studies and mathematical modelling using computational fluid dynamics. The inlet design can have a significant influence on the flow regime in a pond. Poorly considered positioning of the inlet and the outlet can create hydraulic short-circuiting problems. As an example of the nature of the work undertaken in this project, the use of a small horizontal inlet pipe was compared against a vertical inlet design. A practical method of assessing the relative significance of wind versus inlet power input was presented. The application of this analysis may allow engineers to size inlet pipes to help control the flow patterns in ponds for efficient performance. Extensive testing has been undertaken on a wide range of baffle configurations. An example of this research showed how short stub baffles could provide similar improvements to longer “traditional” baffle designs, potentially offering significant savings in construction costs. For traditional baffle designs a minimum of two baffles is recommended. For the pond modelled in this work, it was found that any more than four baffles gave only marginal improvements.

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Omotoso, T., and O. P. Folorunso. "Determination of the Efficiency of Aerated Lagoon in Biological Treatment of Human Waste (Faeces)." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.827.

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Pilot scale “Waste Stabilization pond” was evaluated for treating high quality waste water using aerobic process. The method involved the measure of the molecular oxygen utilized during a specified incubation period for the biochemical degradation of organic matter and oxygen used to oxidize inorganic material. Operation of the pond involved engineering construction to reduce the risk of soil and groundwater contamination. Calibration of the model using laboratory tests showed BOD for 5, 10 and 15 days as 101.9mg/l. 273.3mg/l and 426mg/l respectively. Pond efficiency was 76.19%. The design experience and post design results provided knowledge about the efficiency of a waste stabilization pond and the basis of recommendation and practice in developed cities.

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Zhang, Da, Li Gang Wang, and Xiao Cong Yang. "Research on Tailings Pond Online Safety Monitoring System Based on Zigbee Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1728.

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In the process of design and construction of tailings pond online safety monitoring system, There are often a series of problems such as the system structure is too complex, construction difficult, high maintenance cost etc. In order to change this situation, the design of tailings dam safety online monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless sensor network with self-healing function is unveiled, the system based on the concept of distributed acquisition, built Zigbee wireless sensor network, transmit the collected data wirelessly in the monitoring range of the tailing pond, play advantages of Zigbee technology in low power consumption and self-healing feature, and did data collection, storage, query and other operations in real-time, In this way, we could reduce the difficulty of construction, greatly improving the stability of the system communication, and can expansion or change the system conveniently, so as to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring the safety state of the tailings pond efficiently for long-term. Supported by: National Science and technology support program (2012BAK09B04、2012BAK09B03) the National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863"Program) of China (2011AA060406)International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP)( 2011DFA71990)

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Kostrykin, Dmitriy Alekseevich. "Fishing gear and devices for catching fish from fish ponds." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-2-75-81.

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The article is focused on the problems of protection of biological resources and their habitats, the construction of new and improvement of existing fish breeding enterprises, the introduction of modern automation and mechanization of the most labor-intensive stages in the production of fish is a set of priority measures for the development of fish farming aimed at increasing fish production in inland freshwater bodies. Harvesting the fish ponds, regardless of their category, is a difficult and energy-intensive process. Choosing the type of fishing gear and fishing methods used to catch fish ponds primarily depends on the type of reservoir, the state of its hydraulic char-acteristics, as well as the type of fish caught and the time of year. The main categories of water bodies by the method of fish fishing and their features are considered. The used fishing gears are divided into 3 groups according to the principle of fish retention: entangling nets, strainers and sta-tionary gears (traps). It is noted that when fishing in the ponds, it is necessary to take into account the behavior and distribution of the fish. The effective methods for catching pond fish with different fishing gear are presented. The choice of the optimal fishing gear or device for fishing ponds will allow you to clearly plan and coordinate the work of the enterprise, since pond fishing is carried out in the shortest possible time, depending on the timing and needs of the market.

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Egwuonwu, C. C., V. C. Okafor, N. C. Ezeanya, C. Nzediegwu, A. Suleiman, and O. Uzoigwe. "Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Model Waste Stabilization Pond." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 9 (March 5, 2014): 1710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.453.

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Randhawa, K. B. S., and R. Chauhan. "Investigating Strength Behaviour of Pond Ash as a Construction fill material." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1033 (January 19, 2021): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1033/1/012085.

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Li, Yuan, Yan Fei Cao, Xiu Jun Chang, and Ya Jing Zhang. "The Analysis of Stability of Mine's Tailing Dam Based on the FLAC^3D." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.650.

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Tailings dam is an important part of engineering construction of tailings pond. Stability analysis of tailing dam is of great significance, because it is the significant security risk of the project of tailings. FLAC3D program which based on Lagrange algorithm is especially suitable for solving the nonlinear large deformation problems in rock and soil mechanics engineering. After the adequate mastery of the soil layer structure, the physical and mechanical properties and the determination of the calculation parameters, the engineering software of FLAC3D and the numerical analysis method are utilized to analyze the integral stability of the tailing dam of Guangxi Xinfa Aluminum Company in Jingxi county. It can provide a scientific basis for the stability analysis of engineering construction of another tailing pond.

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Chen, Hui Lun. "Brief Analysis of the Technical Points about the Tailings Pond Environmental Impact Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1685.

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In recent years, mine tailings dam incidents occur frequently all over China, causing serious loss of life and property as well as posing a serious threat to environmental safety. Tailings pond as the most important part of mineral areas, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of which is the emphasis and difficulty of mine areas EIA. Relevant authorities of China have paid great attention to the life cycle of tailings pond, environmental impact assessment also calls for special attention. In the view of the fact that separate tailings pond EIA is rare, generally including in the mining and processing project EIA, this paper started from survey and design time, construction period, operation period and closure period over the life cycle of the tailings pond, and then discussed the technical points of the main environmental impact relative to the corresponding period. The environmental protection measures and risk prevention measures were also put forward.

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Kennett, Douglas, Atholl Anderson, Matthew Prebble, Eric Conte, and John Southon. "Prehistoric human impacts on Rapa, French Polynesia." Antiquity 80, no. 308 (June 1, 2006): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00093662.

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New excavations and survey on the island of Rapa have shown that a rockshelter was occupied by early settlers around AD 1200 and the first hill forts were erected about 300 years later. Refortification occurred up to the contact period and proliferated around AD 1700. Taro cultivation in terraced pond-fields kept pace with the construction of forts. The authors make a connection between fort-building and making pond-fields, demonstrating that the pressure on resources provoked both the intensification of agriculture and hostility between the communities of the small island.

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Lee, Bum-Sub, Keon-Ho Ko, Ho-Yeong Kang, and Young-Il Moon. "A Study on the Effectiveness of Aid Sewer by Permanent Pond Construction." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2017.17.1.87.

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Craggs, Rupert, Jason Park, Donna Sutherland, and Stephan Heubeck. "Economic construction and operation of hectare-scale wastewater treatment enhanced pond systems." Journal of Applied Phycology 27, no. 5 (July 10, 2015): 1913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0658-6.

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Rodriguez Muñoz, Melina J., Tomás Agustín Martínez, Juan Carlos Acosta, and Graciela M. Blanco. "Foam nest construction and first report of agonistic behaviour in Pleurodema tucumanum (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e34841.

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Reproductive strategies are the combination of physiological, morphological, and behavioural traits interacting to increase species reproductive success within a set of environmental conditions. While the reproductive strategies of Leiuperinae are known, few studies have been conducted regarding the reproductive behaviour that underlies them. The aim of this study was to document the structural characteristics of nesting microsites, to describe the process of foam nest construction, and to explore the presence of male agonistic and chorus behaviour in Pleurodema tucumanum. Nests were found close to the edge of a temporary pond and the mean temperature of the foam nests was always close to the mean temperature of the pond water. Our observations corroborate that the foam nest construction phases for P. tucumanum are similar to those described for other Leiuperinae, including dispersion and the beating of the foam, realized by male hind limbs. We also recorded the first scientific observations of male agonistic encounter in Pleurodema tucumanum.

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OMOFUNMI, O. E., and O. A. OLORUNNISOLA. "ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF MODAL SOIL IN RELATION TO POND CONSTRUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1713.

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A study was carried out for five weeks to examine physical and chemical parameters of modal soil in selected areas in relation to pond setting and productivity in Lagos State, Nigeria. Physical (water temperature, soil permeability, bulk density and textural) and chemical parameters (pH, nitrogen and phosphorus) were determined according to standard. Results showed that the soil of the study area belongs to four different textural classes: sandy, sandy clay, clay loam and sandy clay loam. The sandy clay was dominant with 38 % proportion, sandy (28 %), sandy loam (28 %) and sandy clay loam was least with 6 % proportion of the prevalent soil textural class in the study area. Soil permeability (6.2 – 24.9 mm/hr) exceeded the permissible value 4mm/hr, Soil bulk density and pH (1.20 – 1.57g/cm3) and (5.3 – 7.3) were within acceptable limits of 1,4g/cm3 and 7.5 respectively. Nitrogen (20.20 – 29.30 ppm) and phosphorus (1.93 – 6.57 ppm) contents for different soil locations were less than the recommended values of 50.0 and 9.0ppm respectively. These results revealed that the soil locations were not suitable for pond construction and productivity. Pond to be built in these areas requires special techniques such as building of clay core, puddle and compaction and application of lime and fertilizer.

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Darmansah, Aris, Sulistiono, Thomas Nugroho, and Eddy Supriyono. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Pengembangan Budi Daya Ikan Lele di Desa Balongan, Indramayu, Jawa Barat." Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (October 20, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.2.1.8-16.

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Abstract:

Balongan Village is one of coastal area in Indramayu which is potential for aquaculture development. Community development through catfish culture activity in this village had been done for 3 years from December 2011-December 2014. This activity aimed to improve the community skill especially catfish culture using plactic pond. Methods used in this activity was training and empowering. The community was trained about plastic pond construction and fish culture technique. The community participated in first year was 21 people, second year was 26 people, and third year was 13 people. Supporting scheme in this program was one pond sized 5 x 5 m2 for one person, including fish larvae (seed) and feed for twice harvesting. There were two principal approaches had been done to empower the catfish culture activity which were technical and participative approach. The success of catfish culture program could be seen from three aspects namely participation, community income, and social modal utilization. Based on the training and empowering results, community had ability to culture and harvest the catfish reared in the plastic pond.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pond construction'

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