Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ponts à dalles orthotropes'
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Martin, Yannick. "Développement d'assemblages de dispositif de retenue pour les ponts à tabliers orthotropes en acier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25881.
Full textTraffic barriers in bridge construction are specially designed devices that are carefully selected and connected to the bridge deck to redirect errant vehicles safely into the flow of traffic and prevent them from proceeding down a non-driveable batter. Current North American bridge design standards require that the selected traffic barrier system must be crash-tested at full-scale to ensure a safe design standard. Minimal modifications of already crash-tested and approved traffic barrier system are however allowed if its performance can be demonstrated by an appropriate engineering simulation and analysis. The finite element analysis method is an effective tool to predict the response of traffic barriers under vehicle-induced forces. The present research aims at developing generic connector systems (deck and curb-mounted) that allows the attachment of a standard already-crash-tested post-and-rail barrier to orthotropic steel decks. This research involves both static analysis and dynamic simulation of crash-test using ABAQUS and LS-DYNA. The ability of the attachment system to transfer the impact loads without compromising the structural integrity of the bridge deck or the barrier itself would be examined in detail. Typical assembly were developed with strengthening plates to connect the traffic barriers directly on the orthotropic steel deck and with a module to connect it on a steel curb. Similarities existing between the results of the different analyses show that the static loads specified in Canadian standard CSA S6-06 are appropriate for the modification of the anchorage of traffic barriers to connect them to orthotropic steel decks. Keywords : Traffic barrier, orthotropic steel deck, bridge, connector system, finite element analysis.
N'Diaye, Moustapha. "Modèle d'élément fini pour la solution des planchers-dalles, des dalles champignons et des dalles orthotropes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=966.
Full textRanc, Guillaume. "Résistance en fatigue des dalles de béton armé fissurées des ponts mixtes." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9930.
Full textDE, FREITAS MAGALHAES GOMES RIVALLAIN Fernanda. "Influence du revêtement sur le comportement en fatigue des dalles orthotropes : Etude d'une solution en BFUP." Phd thesis, UNIVERSITE PARIS-EST, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868667.
Full textGomes, Fernanda. "Influence du revêtement sur le comportement en fatigue des dalles orthotropes : étude d'une solution en BFUP." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806298.
Full textBélanger, Anne. "Conception de dalles de ponts avec armature réduite et béton de fibres d'acier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ53553.pdf.
Full textBroquet, Claude. "Comportement dynamique des dalles de roulement des ponts en béton sollicités par le trafic routier /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1964.
Full textOualha, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude des ponts à dalles pleines en béton précontraint renforcé de fibres métalliques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6200.
Full textPetitclerc, Samuel, and Samuel Petitclerc. "Comportement dynamique des ponts à platelage d'aluminium extrudé sous l'effet des surcharges routières." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38298.
Full textL’aluminium est le matériau tout désigné pour les donneurs d’ouvrage étant à la recherche de matériaux plus durables pour les ponts routiers. Alliant un excellent ratio résistance/poids à une excellente résistance naturelle à la corrosion, son utilisation sous la forme d’un platelage extrudé connecté à des poutres d’acier assure une structure plus légère et requérant beaucoup moins d’entretien que les structures traditionnelles. Toutefois, la légèreté de l’aluminium, qui est un avantage important lors de la conception de la structure sous-jacente ainsi que lors de la construction, peut se révéler être un défi important d’un point de vue dynamique, en raison des fréquences de vibration qu’elle produit. Considérant que le code canadien sur le calcul des ponts routiers prescrit l’utilisation d’un coefficient de majoration dynamique (CMD) pour prendre en compte les effets dynamiques lors de la conception, et que la valeur de ce coefficient est basée sur le comportement dynamique des ponts traditionnels, des interrogations sont soulevées quant à l’applicabilité de ce coefficient pour des ponts à platelage d’aluminium, ayant un comportement dynamique différent. Afin de répondre à ces questions, des modèles dynamiques simplifiés permettant de représenter deux camions canadiens actuels, le CL-625 et le train double B, ont été développés et implémentés dans Abaqus. Par la suite, ces modèles furent utilisés afin de réaliser plusieurs séries d’analyses dynamiques, cherchant à évaluer l’impact sur la réponse du pont de divers paramètres et comparer les résultats obtenus aux valeurs prescrites. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude, qui se veut le point de départ de l’analyse du comportement dynamique des ponts à platelage d’aluminium, semblent indiquer qu’en dépit d’un comportement dynamique différent, les valeurs de CMD prescrites par le code canadien sont sécuritaires pour des ponts à platelage d’aluminium. Toutefois, de nombreuses autres études seront nécessaires avant d’émettre des recommandations finales.
Aluminium is a material of choice for any highway bridge owners looking for more durable materials. Combining an excellent strength to weight ratio with an excellent corrosion resistance, an extruded aluminium deck connected to steel girders provides a lighter structure and requires less maintenance than the usual materials, such as steel or concrete. However, the aluminium’s lightweight, which is a huge advantage for the foundations design as well as for the construction, can become a concern when the bridge’s dynamic behavior is considered, due to its higher vibration frequencies. Considering that the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code prescribes the use of a dynamic load allowance (DLA) factor to account for the dynamic effects of the traffic loads on the bridge, and that the values prescribed are based on the dynamic behavior of traditional bridges, some doubts arose about the applicability of this coefficient to aluminium deck bridges, which are expected to have a different dynamic behavior. To validate these speculations, simplified dynamic models were developed to replicate the dynamic behavior of two Canadian trucks, the CL-625 and the train double B. These models were then implemented in Abaqus and used in a series of dynamic analysis investigating the effect on the bridge response of different parameters, both from the truck and the bridge. Results have shown that, despite having a different dynamic behavior, the dynamic amplifications observed on aluminium deck bridges were always lower than the DLA values prescribed by the Canadian code, indicating that, for the situations studied, those values are safe to use. However, further studies will be required before any final conclusions can be made about the applicability of the DLA values in their current state.
Aluminium is a material of choice for any highway bridge owners looking for more durable materials. Combining an excellent strength to weight ratio with an excellent corrosion resistance, an extruded aluminium deck connected to steel girders provides a lighter structure and requires less maintenance than the usual materials, such as steel or concrete. However, the aluminium’s lightweight, which is a huge advantage for the foundations design as well as for the construction, can become a concern when the bridge’s dynamic behavior is considered, due to its higher vibration frequencies. Considering that the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code prescribes the use of a dynamic load allowance (DLA) factor to account for the dynamic effects of the traffic loads on the bridge, and that the values prescribed are based on the dynamic behavior of traditional bridges, some doubts arose about the applicability of this coefficient to aluminium deck bridges, which are expected to have a different dynamic behavior. To validate these speculations, simplified dynamic models were developed to replicate the dynamic behavior of two Canadian trucks, the CL-625 and the train double B. These models were then implemented in Abaqus and used in a series of dynamic analysis investigating the effect on the bridge response of different parameters, both from the truck and the bridge. Results have shown that, despite having a different dynamic behavior, the dynamic amplifications observed on aluminium deck bridges were always lower than the DLA values prescribed by the Canadian code, indicating that, for the situations studied, those values are safe to use. However, further studies will be required before any final conclusions can be made about the applicability of the DLA values in their current state.
St-Gelais, Catherine. "Comportement structural d'un platelage en aluminium sur poutre en acier : répartition transversale des charges." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33614.
Full textThe use of aluminium decks in bridges has received attention in recent years, as the bridge engineering community discovers the advantages of this material compared with the traditional construction materials such as steel and concrete. Despite the recent introduction of Chapter 17 in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, CAN/CSA S6, which permits engineers to use aluminium for bridge construction, the structural design application still remains a daunting task. Essentially, the code’s specifications for design do not provide concise and detailed methodologies for strength and serviceability verifications. As an example, for the simplified traffic load analysis, it appears that the factors for transverse distribution of traffic loads specified for aluminium bridge decks are based on values specified for wood plank decks, which appears insufficient. Another practical example relates to the determination of the plastic moment required to establish the bending moment capacity for the bridge section. Considering that a bridge deck solution in aluminium consists of a multi-cellular section made from extrusions, the application of the simplified method in determining the effective width of the deck section becomes a non-trivial task. A refined analysis using finite element methods is required to establish these design parameters for an optimized bridge solution in aluminium. In the present study, a finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the transverse distribution of traffic load on aluminium decks made from longitudinal and transverse extrusions, supported by steel girders. A number of bridge models are developed to study the influence of girder spacing and bridge span on the truck load fraction for aluminium decks and for establishing the effective area for the composite aluminium deck with steel girder system. It was determined that the code largely overestimates the values of truck load fractions, up to 25% to 40%. In addition, it was found that the truck load fractions calculated for models with transverse extrusion arrangements were always lower than those calculated for models with longitudinal extrusion. The transverse arrangement is therefore more effective in transferring truck loads to supporting girders. With respect to the effective area, the study showed that these values were lower for longitudinal extrusions than transverse extrusions. Finally, when compared with the values obtained using the simplified method by the code for a concrete deck, the effective areas determined were lower than those obtained from the code.
Benzerzour, Mahfoud. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du renforcement des tabliers de ponts en béton armé par des rechargements adhérents." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0208.
Full textThe work developed in this report is part of research programme of the University of Sherbrooke, the purpose of which is to make technical recommendations for the durable repair of slabs of bridge deck. Following a bibliographical synthesis, we led a study in laboratory to analyze the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs repaired using an adherent overlaying. The experimentation rested on a pilot slab and four slabs overlay according to different configurations (thickness of concrete, reinforcemen steel, anchorings). These slabs underwent several cycles of static and cyclic loading in pure bending in order to follow their behaviors in time. The experimental results made it possible to appreciate the good performance of three of the four configurations on the debonding of repair and the structural behavior of the slabs. To consolidate the noted were used two computer codes by finite elements (MSC. , MARC/MENTAT, ABAQUS 6. 4. 1) for, on the one hand, reproducing and to validate structural slabs repaired and for, on the other hand, analysing comprise it the constraints generated on the interface support-overlaying. The whole of the work realised within the framework of this thesis makes it possible to propose new techniques of repair of slabs of reinforced concrete bridge decks
Desjardins, Victor. "Connecteurs en cisaillement pour développer l'action composite dans les ponts aluminium/acier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27926.
Full textAluminium alloys have many properties that make this material fit for structural uses, in particular in a nordic climate. This metal has indeed a good weight/resistance ratio, an excellent corrosion resistance, a high resilience at low temperatures, and a good formability. For these reasons, aluminium is considered for the production of bridge decks made of multi-cellular extrusions welded together. Decks are to be connected to steel girders with slip-critical bolted joints, in order to achieve composite action between the deck and the girders. The main concern is the lack of accessibility of the interior of the extrusions. This prevents the setting up of the slip-critical bolteds joints, compliantly with the canadian standards about highway bridges. Two solutions are studied : the use of blind bolts and the design of an special extrusion to join the deck to the beams. For each of these solutions, a feasability study is led. Two models of blind bolts are identified, then modeled by finite elements to determine wether they match the CAN/CSA-S6-2014 requirements about slip-critical joints. The solutions explored in this project are finally campared by the mean of SWOT analysis, in order to bring out their strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Key-words 6063-T6, aluminium, blind bolt, bridge, CAN/CSA-S6-2014, deck, extrusions, finite elements slip-critical joint.
Cormier, Martin. "Développement d'assemblages de dispositif de retenue pour les ponts à platelage en aluminium." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36441.
Full textTraffic crash barriers are used in bridge construction to withstand vehicular impact and protect the lives of occupants and other road users by safely redirecting the vehicles onto the roadway. Current design standards require that the designed traffic barrier system be crash-tested under full-scale reallife conditions to assure satisfactory interaction with vehicles at a specified performance level. Certain modifications to an already crash-tested barrier may be permitted if it can be demonstrated by finite element analysis that they would not adversely affect the designed performance of the barrier. The present study investigates the possibility of installing an already crash-tested and approved traffic barrier on a bridge deck made from welded multi-cellular aluminium extrusions. The research objective is to develop an innovative connection design for attaching a selected traffic barrier to the aluminium deck in such a way that under vehicular-induced impact forces, the aluminium deck panel would not undergo permanent plastic deformation. The proposed solution consists of a sacrificial aluminium extrusion, mechanically connected between the barrier and the bridge deck, and carefully designed and detailed to yield under vehicular impact forces. This would help dissipate the energy from the impact, while allowing other components in the assembly to remain essentially elastic. The study involves two stages: the first stage consists of the design and analysis of the connector system based on the equivalent static forces prescribed by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Standard CAN/CSA S6-14. The second phase consists of a dynamic computer simulation of the real crash-test, and a series of verification and validation processes of the interaction between the traffic barrier and the vehicle, by comparing both qualitatively and quantitatively with observations from the real crash
Roy, René. "Conception, fabrication et évaluation du comportement de dalles de ponts en matériaux composites de PRFV sous charges statiques et cycliques." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.
Find full textRoy, René. "Conception, fabrication et évaluation du comportement de dalles de ponts en matériaux composites de PRFV sous charges statiques et cycliques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1815.
Full textCharron-Drolet, Daniel. "Comportement des assemblages antiglissement dans les ponts de type platelage en aluminium sur poutres en acier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32524.
Full textAluminium’s high strength to weight ratio, coupled with its extrudability and high corrosion resistance makes it very promising in a durable and efficient bridge concept, where an aluminium honeycombed-deck rests on steel girders. It is advantageous to develop a composite behavior between the multicellular aluminium deck and the steel girders, but many challenges hinder the composite behavior, developed by slip critical bolted connections. Indeed, the design of such connectors need to take into account: galvanic corrosion, the slip factor at the faying surface between steel and aluminium, the thermal expansion factor of aluminium, which is twice that of steel, and the installation challenges of the shear connectors. An experimental program was drafted to evaluate the performance of the identified shear connectors. The 6063-T6 aluminium alloy, the ASTM F3125 grade A325 and F1852 bolts as well as two blind bolts, Ajax’s Oneside and Huck’s Ultra-Twist, were tested. The short-term slip tests reveal that the slip factor and the joint rigidity increase when thicker aluminium plates are used, and that, in contact with sandblasted aluminium, metallized steel yields a higher slip factor and joint rigidity then hot-dip galvanized steel. Relaxation induced by slip caused a systematic and significant decrease of the bolt preload during slip. The achieved initial bolt preload of the identified shear connectors is appropriate, but the standard deviation of the blind bolts is high. The measured relaxation is similar to that of an all hot-dip galvanized steel joints and retightening the bolts is an efficient method to reduce it. Temperature cycles yield acumulative loss of the bolt preload and a decrease in temperature yields a direct reduction of the bolt preload. Finally, the slip resistance estimated at 75 years and at -47°C is largely superior to the design slip resistance.
Bouguerra, Kheireddine. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement de dalles de ponts en béton armé de barres en PRF soumises à des charges concentrées simulant les charges de roues." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.
Find full textBouguerra, Kheireddine. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement de dalles de ponts en béton armé de barres en PRF soumises à des charges concentrées simulant les charges de roues." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1802.
Full textLeclerc, Julien. "Utilisation innovatrice de l'aluminium dans les ponts : effets de la variation de la température sur le comportement structural d'un tablier à platelage d'aluminium sur poutres d'acier, à action composite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30272.
Full textThis project concerns the use of a new aluminium bridge deck that is being developed at Université Laval. It is a 200 mm deep aluminium bridge deck, which represents an alternative to the reinforced concrete slabs in bridges. This project proposes to connect the aluminium bridge deck to steel girders using galvanized ASTM F3125/F3125M-15a grade A325 bolts of diameter M20 in a slip-critical connection. Full composite action between the deck and the girders is expected in order to develop the full capacity of the composite section. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium, being twice that of steel, differential movements may occur during temperature changes. To understand the behavior of the bolted connection under such thermal loadings, this project uses finite element model with the Abaqus software. The combinations of dead, live and thermal loads at the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) are studied. The loads are calculated according to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA S6-14). Results confirm that full composite action between the aluminium deck and the steel girders can be achieved. Moreover, by following the recommendations of this study, it is possible to eliminate the sliding that may occur during the thermal loading of the beam at the serviceability limit state (SLS). This study also offers a solution to prevent the failure of the bolted connections following the combination of thermal and mechanical loads.
Beudon, Camille. "Conception et analyse de cycle de vie d'un pont routier à platelage en aluminium sur poutres en bois lamellé-collé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67779.
Full textThe Quebec Gouvernment wishes to promote the use of wood and aluminium in the construction and rehabilitation of structures. In the context of the short-term vision of construction projects, wood and aluminium are clearly disadvantaged. However, aluminium and glued laminated timber could become competitive materials for the rehabilitation of the Quebec roadway bridges, in particular thanks to their local production in Quebec and their possibility of recycling. In order to avoid a biased short-term view, the method of arbitration used is that of life cycle analysis. This holistic method makes it possible to take into account all life-cycle stages. Two analyzes are carried out in parallel. The first concerns life cycle costs and the second concerns environmental impacts. These two studies complement each other and add a environmental dimension, which is not negligible today, on decision-making. The first stage of this project consists of the design of the hybrid bridge deck aluminium on glued laminated timber beams using the CAN / CSA S6-14 standard. The bridge-type thus designed is subsequently used during life cycle analyzes. The economic analysis is done using the ISO 15686-5 standard (2017). The environmental impact analysis is done using the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards (2006). The use of wood and aluminium as well as the low number of maintenance operations make the aluminum/wood deck more economically advantageous over its entire lifespan. Conventional concrete/steel decks provide a clear reduction in initial construction costs, but this trend is reversed very quickly. The possible prefabrication of aluminium/steel and aluminium/ wood bridge decks reduces indirect construction costs. Thus aluminium/ wood bridge decks reduce 86 % of the total cost of the conventional bridge deck. In terms of environmental indicators, the aluminium wood/decki s also to be favored
Le, Gac Benoit. "Développement et caractérisation d’une connexion hybride béton-acier utilisée comme rupteur de pont thermique balcon-plancher en Isolation Thermique par l’Extérieur." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0012.
Full textThe main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is the development and characterization of a hybrid balcony-floor connection used as a thermal break for externally insulated buildings. Structurally, it must ensure the transmission of a significant bending moment and a shear force due to the balcony cantilever. This system belongs to the hybrid connections still poorly described in the scientific literature and for which this thesis makes a contribution. Existing solutions to avoid balcony's thermal bridges involve architectural or technical constraints. Thermal break systems are structurally and thermally relevant solutions. The main existing systems do not involve steel concrete hybrid technology to date. The mechanical behavior of the developped system has firstly been tested under vertical static loading during a campaign of five tests. The results show a very ductile moment-rotation response that meets design expectations. As an extension of the experimental interpretation, a semi-empirical model has been developped. The gain of stiffness obtained by a specific anchoring detail has been quantified in relation to existing analytical models. The creep behavior of the connection, due to the concrete creeping at the interface with the hybrid elements has been the object of an experimental study. The link between the evolution of the connection rotation and the material creep coefficient has been established. A finite element mode! has been calibrated on the vertical loading tests and allowed to study in detail the behaviour of the system's shear key. The determination of the boundary conditions of the system justifies the force diagrams on the key. The last part of this work concerns the justification of the system under the fatigue loading provoked by the differential thermal expansion between the balcony and the floor. A series of tests under oligocyclic fatigue loading was performed to establish a resistance criterion and a study of the actual thermal stress action was completed. Finaly, the durability of the connection has been demonstrated. The development of this hybrid connection can be successfully considered and validates the suitability for a range of products. The industrialization and marketing of the product will go through a certification for which the justifications are already established and will be a guarantee of the scientific relevance of the system