Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ponts'
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Patron, Solares Alberto. "Modélisation numérique de la tenue au vent des ponts souples." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9801.
Full textThis work presents a general finite element modelisation to determine the wind response of long-span bridges taking into account aeroelastic interactions. The wind in the atmospheric boundary layer is described by probabilistic models. Special care is given to the description of wind turbulence by power spectral densities and time histories of turbulent wind speeds. Models describing forces generated by airflow on bridge decks are presented in both frequency and time domains. To evaluate the wind response of a bridge, wind induced (stady and unsteady) forces are expressed by using a general finite-element formulation. Motion equations of the system are written and a numerical method to calculate the critical flutter wind speed is given. Three methods to assess buffeting response of the structure are presented. The first one consist in a frequency-domain computation is then realized for each complex modal equation. In the third one, the equations of motion are numerically integrated in the time domain. The proposed methods are first used to analyse the « taut-strip » models of the Vasco de Gama brige and the Nomandy bridge, for which experimental results are known. Good accordance between analytical and wind tunnel test results highlights the influence of frequency modification as well as aeroelastic coupling terms. Finaly, a stability an buffeting analysis using the full finite element model of both bridges is presented
Bruno, Luca. "Comportamento aerodinamico di ponti di grande luce." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22110.
Full textSieffert, Yannick. "L' Entretoisement des ponts mixtes multipoutres ferroviaires." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0086/these.pdf.
Full textSieffert, Yannick Jullien Jean-François Michel Gérard. "L Entretoisement des ponts mixtes multipoutre ferroviaires." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=sieffert.
Full textDomède, Nathalie. "Méthode de requalification des ponts en maçonnerie." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0013.
Full textThe thesis presents an assessment method of masonry arch bridges by modelling and computing. It was developed and tried on a vault build in 1870 in south-west of France. It is a three step process. It first deals with historic research and has resulted in the accurate description of the studied bridge. Secondly, an experimental approach has been worked out. It has resulted in the creation of models of the mechanistic behaviour for each masonries composing the bridge, by non-linear numerical homogenisation. The interface between blocks and bonds has been modelled too. Thirdly, calculations of the bridge, by Finite Element Method, in 3D, have been run. The specificity of the model is to include “joint elements” and homogenised macro-elements. A parametric study has been made to find the factors involved in the bridge security. Finally, future developments have been proposed to extend the method to most of masonry bridges
Llanos, Jacqueline. "L'economie de la maintenance des ponts routiers." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120044.
Full textThe dissertation addresses the economic aspects of roadway bridge maintenance from the viewpoint of the public asset manager. The existing systems of bridge maintenance in france and in the united states are examined and found to fall off the opti al. The author defines the concepts, the unstruments and the procedures allowing to determine the best maintenance strategies according to the bridge type. Using the new york city bridge database, which contains inspection records for a number of years, the author formulates deterioration models for reinforced concrete bridge decks. The concepts defined above are applied to the deterioration models, resulting in the optimal strategies of bridge deck maintenance. In the absence of similar information for france, the author formulates assumptions necessary for the estimate of the optimal annual expenditures for the maintenance of the bridges under purview of the french road directorate. The cost of complete rehabilitation of the bridges is also obtained. In conclusion, the author provides recommendations directly applicable to the management of public bridges in france, particularly by the road directorate
Vincent, Lionel. "Dynamique de ponts liquides et ligaments étirés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4787.
Full textLiquid ligaments represent the last step before atomization of a liquid volume, and are encountered in a variety of industrial applications, as well as the world around us; yet, there is much to learn about their dynamics and breakup. Stretching is an essential ingredient of ligaments formation, and affect their subsequent dynamics as well as the way they break (or not). In order to quantify its action, we choose model configurations where parameters can be controlled. Liquid bridges, in particular, provide a way to impose stretching by moving one of the solid rod supporting the bridge. When stretching is not too strong, it is possible to predict analytically the shift between the dynamical shape of the bridge and the corresponding static shape, for any given rod displacement. Particularly, this prediction show that the central section of a stretched liquid bridge tend to be thicker, which could delay breakup. It also show that the axial elongation rate is far from being uniform. When stretching is vigorous, experimental results show that the ligament initial breakup can be considerably sped up. Breakup time shows to be linked to the mass taken away by the moving rod and depend on stretching protocol. Finally, results suggest that it is possible to generate infinitely long ligaments without the mediation of viscous effects
Delmote, Gilles. "Ponts et frontières entre Espagne et Maghreb /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37693192q.
Full textPetitclerc, Samuel, and Samuel Petitclerc. "Comportement dynamique des ponts à platelage d'aluminium extrudé sous l'effet des surcharges routières." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38298.
Full textL’aluminium est le matériau tout désigné pour les donneurs d’ouvrage étant à la recherche de matériaux plus durables pour les ponts routiers. Alliant un excellent ratio résistance/poids à une excellente résistance naturelle à la corrosion, son utilisation sous la forme d’un platelage extrudé connecté à des poutres d’acier assure une structure plus légère et requérant beaucoup moins d’entretien que les structures traditionnelles. Toutefois, la légèreté de l’aluminium, qui est un avantage important lors de la conception de la structure sous-jacente ainsi que lors de la construction, peut se révéler être un défi important d’un point de vue dynamique, en raison des fréquences de vibration qu’elle produit. Considérant que le code canadien sur le calcul des ponts routiers prescrit l’utilisation d’un coefficient de majoration dynamique (CMD) pour prendre en compte les effets dynamiques lors de la conception, et que la valeur de ce coefficient est basée sur le comportement dynamique des ponts traditionnels, des interrogations sont soulevées quant à l’applicabilité de ce coefficient pour des ponts à platelage d’aluminium, ayant un comportement dynamique différent. Afin de répondre à ces questions, des modèles dynamiques simplifiés permettant de représenter deux camions canadiens actuels, le CL-625 et le train double B, ont été développés et implémentés dans Abaqus. Par la suite, ces modèles furent utilisés afin de réaliser plusieurs séries d’analyses dynamiques, cherchant à évaluer l’impact sur la réponse du pont de divers paramètres et comparer les résultats obtenus aux valeurs prescrites. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude, qui se veut le point de départ de l’analyse du comportement dynamique des ponts à platelage d’aluminium, semblent indiquer qu’en dépit d’un comportement dynamique différent, les valeurs de CMD prescrites par le code canadien sont sécuritaires pour des ponts à platelage d’aluminium. Toutefois, de nombreuses autres études seront nécessaires avant d’émettre des recommandations finales.
Aluminium is a material of choice for any highway bridge owners looking for more durable materials. Combining an excellent strength to weight ratio with an excellent corrosion resistance, an extruded aluminium deck connected to steel girders provides a lighter structure and requires less maintenance than the usual materials, such as steel or concrete. However, the aluminium’s lightweight, which is a huge advantage for the foundations design as well as for the construction, can become a concern when the bridge’s dynamic behavior is considered, due to its higher vibration frequencies. Considering that the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code prescribes the use of a dynamic load allowance (DLA) factor to account for the dynamic effects of the traffic loads on the bridge, and that the values prescribed are based on the dynamic behavior of traditional bridges, some doubts arose about the applicability of this coefficient to aluminium deck bridges, which are expected to have a different dynamic behavior. To validate these speculations, simplified dynamic models were developed to replicate the dynamic behavior of two Canadian trucks, the CL-625 and the train double B. These models were then implemented in Abaqus and used in a series of dynamic analysis investigating the effect on the bridge response of different parameters, both from the truck and the bridge. Results have shown that, despite having a different dynamic behavior, the dynamic amplifications observed on aluminium deck bridges were always lower than the DLA values prescribed by the Canadian code, indicating that, for the situations studied, those values are safe to use. However, further studies will be required before any final conclusions can be made about the applicability of the DLA values in their current state.
Aluminium is a material of choice for any highway bridge owners looking for more durable materials. Combining an excellent strength to weight ratio with an excellent corrosion resistance, an extruded aluminium deck connected to steel girders provides a lighter structure and requires less maintenance than the usual materials, such as steel or concrete. However, the aluminium’s lightweight, which is a huge advantage for the foundations design as well as for the construction, can become a concern when the bridge’s dynamic behavior is considered, due to its higher vibration frequencies. Considering that the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code prescribes the use of a dynamic load allowance (DLA) factor to account for the dynamic effects of the traffic loads on the bridge, and that the values prescribed are based on the dynamic behavior of traditional bridges, some doubts arose about the applicability of this coefficient to aluminium deck bridges, which are expected to have a different dynamic behavior. To validate these speculations, simplified dynamic models were developed to replicate the dynamic behavior of two Canadian trucks, the CL-625 and the train double B. These models were then implemented in Abaqus and used in a series of dynamic analysis investigating the effect on the bridge response of different parameters, both from the truck and the bridge. Results have shown that, despite having a different dynamic behavior, the dynamic amplifications observed on aluminium deck bridges were always lower than the DLA values prescribed by the Canadian code, indicating that, for the situations studied, those values are safe to use. However, further studies will be required before any final conclusions can be made about the applicability of the DLA values in their current state.
Lucas, Jean-Michel. "Actions thermiques dans un caisson métallique orthotrope : modélisation et mesure sur le Pont de Normandie." Le Havre, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LEHA0007.
Full textDelmote, Gilles. "Ponts et frontières entre Espagne et monde arabe." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081584.
Full textDabbit, Nader. "Forme de blanchfield d'un noeud a 2-ponts." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2009.
Full textDabbit, Nader. "Forme de Blanchfield d'un noeud à 2-ponts." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041358.
Full textStablon, Thomas. "Méthodologie pour la requalification des ponts en maçonnerie." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1405/.
Full textManagers of railways need to preserve the railway heritage and maintain the structures ability to support traffic. Analyzing and predicting the structures behavior is increasingly significant. The research program aims to develop an overall methodology for the masonry arch bridges analysis. It includes a numerical tool for the diagnosis of the observed pathologies. A literature review defines the types of masonry bridges with their specificities and identifies the different existing calculation methods. The developed model is a damage model with distributed anisotropic cracking adapted to masonry and integrated into a finite element code. Without imposed cracks, it is possible to find the cracking pattern of a structure considering various loads. The overall methodology of masonry arch bridges analysis, described in this thesis, includes investigations on site: cores, measurements under traffic, existing crack pattern. The cores are used to characterize individual materials and a method for obtaining homogenized parameters is proposed in order to model the masonry behavior. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the study of a viaduct in St Ouen (close to Paris). It allows investigating different support displacements in order to retrieve the causes of the observed cracks on the structure. The bridge geometry, loads, boundary conditions and post-processing can be easily given using a user interface developed as part of this thesis. The results are presented and discussed
La, Foye Alexandre de. "Calcul de la réponse dynamique des structures élancées à la turbulence du vent." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2074.
Full textEProgresses in civil engineering allow to design more and more light and slender structures. The results of this is a higher sensitivity of these structures to fluctuating wind sollicitations. A vibratory behaviour can then lead civil engineering works to failure. The aim of our work is to develop numerical tools which enable to assess the response of slender structures to wind turbulence. The natural wind is a three-dimensional stochastic process which can be described by probalistic modèls. Fluctuating aerodynamic forces are divided into two parts : the buffeting forces, directly linked to the wind turbulence, which are associated to the concept of aerodynamic admittance ; aeroelastic forces, generated by structure vibrations which can induce a unstable dynamical behaviour
Pettersson, Ove. "Byråkratisering eller avbyråkratisering : administrativ och samhällsorganisatorisk strukturomvandling inom svenskt vägväsende 1885-1985 /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36657021x.
Full textSt-Gelais, Catherine. "Comportement structural d'un platelage en aluminium sur poutre en acier : répartition transversale des charges." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33614.
Full textThe use of aluminium decks in bridges has received attention in recent years, as the bridge engineering community discovers the advantages of this material compared with the traditional construction materials such as steel and concrete. Despite the recent introduction of Chapter 17 in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, CAN/CSA S6, which permits engineers to use aluminium for bridge construction, the structural design application still remains a daunting task. Essentially, the code’s specifications for design do not provide concise and detailed methodologies for strength and serviceability verifications. As an example, for the simplified traffic load analysis, it appears that the factors for transverse distribution of traffic loads specified for aluminium bridge decks are based on values specified for wood plank decks, which appears insufficient. Another practical example relates to the determination of the plastic moment required to establish the bending moment capacity for the bridge section. Considering that a bridge deck solution in aluminium consists of a multi-cellular section made from extrusions, the application of the simplified method in determining the effective width of the deck section becomes a non-trivial task. A refined analysis using finite element methods is required to establish these design parameters for an optimized bridge solution in aluminium. In the present study, a finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the transverse distribution of traffic load on aluminium decks made from longitudinal and transverse extrusions, supported by steel girders. A number of bridge models are developed to study the influence of girder spacing and bridge span on the truck load fraction for aluminium decks and for establishing the effective area for the composite aluminium deck with steel girder system. It was determined that the code largely overestimates the values of truck load fractions, up to 25% to 40%. In addition, it was found that the truck load fractions calculated for models with transverse extrusion arrangements were always lower than those calculated for models with longitudinal extrusion. The transverse arrangement is therefore more effective in transferring truck loads to supporting girders. With respect to the effective area, the study showed that these values were lower for longitudinal extrusions than transverse extrusions. Finally, when compared with the values obtained using the simplified method by the code for a concrete deck, the effective areas determined were lower than those obtained from the code.
Thomann, Michel. "Connexions par adhérence pour les ponts mixtes acier-béton /." Lausanne : EPFL, 2005. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3381.
Full textRoelfstra, Guido. "Modèle d'évolution de l'état des ponts-routes en béton /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2310.
Full textKahan, Michel. "Approches stochastiques pour le calcul des ponts aux séismes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529960.
Full textYezli, Lamara. "Contribution à l'étude des déformations dans les ponts ferroviaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213621.
Full textHida, Hassan. "Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des ponts et viaducs." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/56/1/HIDA_Hassan.pdf.
Full textKAHAN, MICHEL. "Approches stochastiques pour le calcul des ponts aux séismes." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9609.
Full textArchambault, Christine. "Synthese et reactivite de complexes polynucleaires a ponts phosphuro." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13184.
Full textVolatron, Florence. "Nanoparticules bistables de réseaux de coordination à ponts cyanure." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112122.
Full textThis work is devoted to the synthesis and the study of bistable nanoparticles. The Prussian blue-like, Hoffman-like and octacyanometallate-based cyanide bridged three dimensional networks are able to switch their magnetic ground state as a function of an external perturbation such as a magnetic field, light irradiation or a temperature change. The aim of this work was to synthesize nano-objects of these cyanide bridged networks and to study the size reduction effect on their magnetic properties. Thus, photomagnetic octacyanometallate-based network’s nanoparticles were prepared by electrostatic stabilization in water and the preparation of core-shell particles enabled a control over the size and composition of these compounds at the nanoscale. Some nano-objects were isolated in different processings (as powders, in polymers or as Langmuir-Blodgett films) and studied by various techniques (magnetic measurements by SQUID, X-ray absorption spectroscopy) to improve the photomagnetic properties and facilitate the understanding of the photo-transformation. Spin cross-over nanoparticles of the Hoffman-like FePzM(CN)4 (M=Pt, Ni ; Pz=pyrazine) were also obtained, by microemulsion, and the size reduction induces drastic changes in the spin cross-over properties. Another aim of the work was to control the grafting of a monolayer of magnetic nanoparticles on silicon. Superparamagnetic CsNiCr(CN)6 nanoparticles were strongly bonded to a mixed monolayer on a silicon substrate, without being affected by the grafting
Hashemidehaghi, Sogol. "The Isfahan's inhabited arch bridges." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27681.
Full textPham, Hoai Son. "Optimisation et comportement en fatigue de la connexion bois-BFUP pour de nouveaux ponts mixtes." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003725.
Full textBen, Afia Achraf. "Comportement dynamique des ponts routiers à platelage d’aluminium extrudé compte tenu de la rugosité de la surface." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68552.
Full textAluminum is a highly durable material with excellent corrosion resistance that could be an excellent choice either for construction of new bridges or for rehabilitation and replacement of deteriorated bridge decks. Extruded aluminum deck-on-steel girder bridges offer promising solution to the aging bridge infrastructure problem. Aluminum as a structural material is also known for its lightweight, which facilitates transportation and installation, and reduces foundation requirements. However, this characteristic makes it sensitive to excitations from vehicular traffic. The dynamic design of highway bridges by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CSA S6-19) is based on the concept of equivalent dynamic amplification factors (DAF). However, these factors were derived largely for bridges made with traditional materials such as concrete, wood and steel. It is prudent to evaluate whether these factors are applicable to lightweight bridges made with extruded aluminum decks. In addition, since road roughness plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of a bridge, it is important to consider the influence of roughness on the bridge vibration response. The objective of this research is to investigate the dynamic behavior of aluminum deck-on-steel girder bridges under vehicular loads considering the effect of road roughness, and consequently evaluate the applicability of the current design DAFs for such structures. For this purpose, numerical models were developed in Abaqus for a selected bridge configuration and loading parameters. The effect of road roughness on dynamic response is also investigated by generating the power spectral density (PSD) algorithm according to ISO 8608. Results showed that the DAF strongly depend on both the vehicle-bridge frequency ratio and the road roughness. As the vehicle-to-bridge frequency ratio increases, the DAF rises significantly. With a vehicle-to-bridge frequency ratio approaching 0.5, the calculated DAF exceeds the DAF value recommended by the Canadian code. It is noted that results of this study are limited to the bridge configurations considered in the study, and extensive parametric study is required to draw a general conclusion about the applicability of the current DAF values for lightweight extruded aluminum bridges.
Sabottka, Larissa. "Die eisernen Brücken der Berliner S-Bahn : Bestandsdokumentation und Bestandsanalyse /." Berlin : Mann, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/361926936.pdf.
Full textHoorpah, Wasoodev. "Contribution à l'approche numérique du comportement dynamique des ponts rails." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMPD995.
Full textRebilly, Jean-Noël. "Synthèse de molécules à haut spin anisotropes à ponts cyanure." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112158.
Full textSince the discovery of the slow relaxation of the magnetization of compound Mn12-ac, much groups in the molecular magnetism field have reported the synthesis of clusters showing such properties. The common "one -pot" synthetic method used for cluster synthesis doesn't allow much control of the spin ground state and magnetic anisotropy of the specie, those parameters being responsible for Single-Molecule Magnet behaviour. The method selected here is based on a stepwidse approach and the use of cyanide ligands as bridges. A judicious choice of the ligands allows to crystallize polynuclear bimetallic compounds, and to increase the control of the cluster's geometry and spin ground state. In that way, a trinuclear linear Cr2Ni complex (S=4) and a tetranuclear square Cr2Ni2 complex have been obtained, but don't behave like Single-Molecule Magnets. The anisotropy of a cyanide bridged polynuclear complex is closely related to the local anisotropy of its ions. The study of Ni(II) mononuclear complexes, and especially anisotropic ones, is thus crucial. A series of Ni(II) mononuclear complexes of very distorted geometry have been crystallized and studied by high fields and high frequencies EPR and FDMRS, indicating a huge anisotropy for that kind of compounds, which seems to be controled by the organic ligand. Three polynuclear complexes CrNi2 (S=7/2), CrNi3 (S=9/2) and Cr2Ni7 (2 spins S=7/2) have been obtained using the previous complexes as precursors and studied by EPR. Those species show important anisotropy parameters. Their low temperature study indicates a zero field magnetic tunnel effect phenomenon
Gao, Yan. "Analyse modale et sous-structuration tridimensionnelle : application aux ponts thermiques." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAL0005.
Full text[. . . ]. Even for some that do account for the deficiency, the transient behavior of thermal bridge is almost never taken into account in transient state approach. To make up (compensate) this shortcoming, in this theses, we propose and model multi-dimensional heat transfer in building components by state-space methods and solve its order-reduced by different ways to get a simplified model. Furthermore, a thermal bridge additional heat loss model was proposed and implanted this model into thermal simulation code to satisfy our demands for simulation. Firstly, induced the state-space model, and constructed heat transfer equation for thermal bridge by spatial discritation. Then, a ‘generator’ which can directly create the mathematic expression after the data physical and geometric for problem analyzed were input. Secondly, two methods for simplifying high-order model were used, transfer-function method from multi-dimensional state-space model and sub-space identification method. Then, reduced model is used for solving the high-order problem and a modal equilibrated was also proposed for efficient calculation. Compared among three reduced model method, realized equilibration method (Moore method) is accepted and suggested for getting low-order model. The results were validated through experimental data. The conception of thermal bridge additional heat loss matrix was proposed to deal with thermal calculation for thermal bridge in the code modeled heat transfer in un-dimensional. By this way, thermal bridge heat loss can be included and coupled with entire building thermal dynamic process. At the last, thermal bridge additional heat loss low-order model was implanted and connected in simulation code TRNSYS. Building simulation was realized in complex thermal phenomenon coupling with thermal equipment with heat bridge consideration
Nesterova, Mariia. "Reliability of structures exposed to traffic and environmental loads." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2056.
Full textThe Thesis is dedicated to reliability analysis of the deck of Millau viaduct, a cable-stayed bridge located in Southern France. The main interest is the extrapolation in time of loads and load effects affecting the bridge in order to observe the reliability of chosen elements during the operational life of the structure. Millau viaduct is a complex unique bridge of French road infrastructure in the early stage of its life. It is important to be able to predict possible extreme loads on the deck of the bridge due to traffic growing in volume or weight. Such predictions require data from monitored actions or load effects in elements of the bridge. Large-scale structures need an enormous amount of data, that is not easy to obtain, to store and to analyze. It leads to another challenge - predictions based on limited time and accessible monitoring data.In the current work, predictions for traffic loads are done using provided data from bridge Weigh-in-Motion (BWIM) traffic monitoring for the case of the the ultimate limit state (ULS). For load extrapolation in time, several methods of Extreme Value Theory (EVT) are compared, with the most attention to the Peaks Over Threshold (POT) approach. Moreover, a contribution to existing methods for threshold choice, as the main challenge of POT approach, is made.In large cable-stayed bridges, not necessarily traffic is the leading action, but environment loads can have similar or superior effect. The focus of this work is on the deck of Millau viaduct, therefore, static wind loads obtained from structural health monitoring (SHM) of the viaduct are considered in combination with queues of traffic lorries. A probabilistic model is made to observe probabilities of extreme cases for both actions and their combination. As well, the influence of monitoring duration on confidence intervals for return levels of loads is studied.For the steel orthotropic deck of the bridge, both, local effects caused by passing vehicles and global effects, contribute to values of stresses. Global effects are coming from traffic queues on both lanes and static wind in a perpendicular direction. In this Thesis, finite element model (FEM) of the deck is performed in order to assess stresses in the deck. That brings a possibility to make predictions for the fatigue limit state too. Usually, fatigue damage accumulated in a chosen part of the deck during a monitoring period is extrapolated in time linearly. The current work proposes a methodology to extrapolate numbers of fatigue cycles in time with the POT approach, which accounts for a change in traffic in volume and weight with time. Comparison of the proposed approach with the classical method is made and used in the fatigue reliability analysis. Reliability analysis is made as well for the ULS in order to compare the results obtained from several EVT approaches, to observe the importance of wind actions on the reliability of the deck, and to compare EVT-based predictions with design load models of European Norms (EN) for traffic and wind
Coudert, Nathalie. "Contribution à la commande d'une boîte de vitesses automatique : approche mécatronique." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10053.
Full textPicon, Antoine. "L'invention de l'ingénieur moderne : l'École des Ponts et Chaussées : 1747-1851." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0033.
Full textCreated in 1747, the ecole des ponts et chaussees is in charge of the education of state engineers responsible for the construction and repair of transport substructures, roads, bridges, waterways and railways. The institution is reformed in 1851. From 1747 to 1851, its history is a good introduction to the evolution of the engineering profession in france on the border of classical age and industrial era. This evolution is studied in three different ways, in a social history point of view, in a scientific and technical point of view, on the ground of territorical and architectural planning at last. Those three approaches are considered as components of one single history of technical thinking. From 1750 to 1820, this history is dominated in france by the merging of an "analytical rationality"
Bernard, Jocelyne. "Un fleuve et ses ponts : la Seine de Paris à Bougival /." Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire : A. Sutton, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414324920.
Full textPoulin, Denis. "Les ponts entre la cohomologie et la stabilité des équations fonctionnelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24633/24633.pdf.
Full textYAO, HONG. "Evolution des couts de la construction des ponts routiers en france." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120010.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to try to construct econometric models in order to provide the most exact representation possible of the evaluation of the unit costs for the construction of road bridges in france during the period from 1976 to 1991. It is intended to establish a relationship between the unit cost (that is by square meter) of a road bridge and other factors that could influence and therefore determine this unit cost. The study is essentially based on a sample that is drawn randomly from the data base of setra (the french highway study service), which contains the survey data of road bridges since 1976 in france. The sample consists of the information of 298 bridges that had been constructed from 1976 to 1991. From this sample, the econometric models are estimated using "the multiple linear regression" and "the least square estimator". The explanatory variables that are associated with the models have been carefully selected and strictly controlled according to the statistic principles. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors in these econometric models has allowed us on one hand to understand the complexity of the problem of the unit costs, the determinist factors of the costs and on the other hand to construct the models in order to present the evaluation of the unit costs of road bridges. The results of this study give the lights to the evaluation of unit costs of road bridges, and this evaluation is further classified according to the type of the bridge, the material utilized and the owner of the bridge. The study shows that the unit cost of road bridges decreases by 3,5 % in average per year during the period from 1976 to 1991. There are economies of scale in bridge construction. The larger the surface of a bridge is, the'lower the unit cost. These results are strongly related to the progress in technology in the use of bridge-types (pre-defined types), the adoption of new materials and the improvements of the construction methods in the area of bridge engineering
Lefort, Marc. "Etude de la stabilite aerodynamique des ponts a haubans - approche numerique -." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF20997.
Full textJasmin, Claude. "Les Ponts et Chaussées et les Bouches-du-Rhône : 1830-1860." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10012.
Full textPresented in four parts (1. Ordinary service, 1830-1848; 2. Grand programs, plans and major decisions, 1827-1844; 3. "definitive projects" and achievements, 1838-1854; 4. The end of the pioneers, 1848-1860), this study presents the work of ponts et chaussees ingineers in a large mediterranean department during the second third of nineteenth century. The thesis examines in detail the stages of projects, whether routine or extraordinary, from the first conceptualisation or definitive plan to the deliberation of the general consil of ponts et chaussees (which are decisions) and to the organisation of the building sites, finally its major objective, a policy for the public works of marseille. Succeeding large planned projects decided on and pursued under the july monarchy, such as the amelioration of the road networks,; construction of suspension bridges over the durance, the marseille canal, the railroad from avignon to marseille and the port of joliette, are the works of the second empire. The study focuses on marseille, from the "national workshops" of 1848 to the extension of the ports and the city towards the north resulting in urban upheavals. From the relative simplicity of the mechanism of the decision around 1840 to the more complex assemblees of the fifties,. .
Cocherel, Nicolas. "Oligophénylènes à ponts "spiro" : synthèses, propriétés et applications en électronique organique." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S063.
Full textSpiro-linked oligophenylenes compounds (3π-2spiro compounds) have been prepared. Their physico-chemical properties and their applications in organic electronics have been studied. The first part of this work presents a bibliographic study about organic electroluminescent diodes (OLEDs) and the molecules used as blue emitting materials. The second part presents the synthesis of 3π-2spiro compounds studied during the thesis. First of all, the retrosynthetic analysis and the synthesis of 3π-2spiro compounds are presented. Then, the synthesis of molecules bearing electron-accepting groups as well as indenofluorene and ladderpentaphenylene are developed. The third part presents the structural, electrochemical and optical properties of all these compounds. Then, a discussion is developed about the parameters leading the porperties. The fourth part presents the applications of 3π-2spiro compounds as emetting materials in OLEDs and a discussion about the information deducted from the optical and electrical caracteristics of these devices
Silva, Rita de Cássia. "Contribution à l'analyse probabiliste de la performance des ponts en béton armé /." Paris : Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussées, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399723258.
Full textMartin, Yannick. "Développement d'assemblages de dispositif de retenue pour les ponts à tabliers orthotropes en acier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25881.
Full textTraffic barriers in bridge construction are specially designed devices that are carefully selected and connected to the bridge deck to redirect errant vehicles safely into the flow of traffic and prevent them from proceeding down a non-driveable batter. Current North American bridge design standards require that the selected traffic barrier system must be crash-tested at full-scale to ensure a safe design standard. Minimal modifications of already crash-tested and approved traffic barrier system are however allowed if its performance can be demonstrated by an appropriate engineering simulation and analysis. The finite element analysis method is an effective tool to predict the response of traffic barriers under vehicle-induced forces. The present research aims at developing generic connector systems (deck and curb-mounted) that allows the attachment of a standard already-crash-tested post-and-rail barrier to orthotropic steel decks. This research involves both static analysis and dynamic simulation of crash-test using ABAQUS and LS-DYNA. The ability of the attachment system to transfer the impact loads without compromising the structural integrity of the bridge deck or the barrier itself would be examined in detail. Typical assembly were developed with strengthening plates to connect the traffic barriers directly on the orthotropic steel deck and with a module to connect it on a steel curb. Similarities existing between the results of the different analyses show that the static loads specified in Canadian standard CSA S6-06 are appropriate for the modification of the anchorage of traffic barriers to connect them to orthotropic steel decks. Keywords : Traffic barrier, orthotropic steel deck, bridge, connector system, finite element analysis.
Desjardins, Victor. "Connecteurs en cisaillement pour développer l'action composite dans les ponts aluminium/acier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27926.
Full textAluminium alloys have many properties that make this material fit for structural uses, in particular in a nordic climate. This metal has indeed a good weight/resistance ratio, an excellent corrosion resistance, a high resilience at low temperatures, and a good formability. For these reasons, aluminium is considered for the production of bridge decks made of multi-cellular extrusions welded together. Decks are to be connected to steel girders with slip-critical bolted joints, in order to achieve composite action between the deck and the girders. The main concern is the lack of accessibility of the interior of the extrusions. This prevents the setting up of the slip-critical bolteds joints, compliantly with the canadian standards about highway bridges. Two solutions are studied : the use of blind bolts and the design of an special extrusion to join the deck to the beams. For each of these solutions, a feasability study is led. Two models of blind bolts are identified, then modeled by finite elements to determine wether they match the CAN/CSA-S6-2014 requirements about slip-critical joints. The solutions explored in this project are finally campared by the mean of SWOT analysis, in order to bring out their strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Key-words 6063-T6, aluminium, blind bolt, bridge, CAN/CSA-S6-2014, deck, extrusions, finite elements slip-critical joint.
Gendron, Bernard. "Ponts composites bois-béton collaborant en portée simple : théorie, essais et conception." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26803.
Full textDucret, Jean-Marc. "Etude du comportement réel des ponts mixtes et modélisation pour le dimensionnement /." Lausanne : EPFL, 1997. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1738.
Full textSilva, Rita de Cassia. "Contribution à l'analyse probabiliste de la performance des ponts en béton armé." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000956.
Full textChiomento, Arnaud. "Vulnérabilité sismique des piles de ponts rectangulaires sous-armées dans l'Est Canadien." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/989/1/CHIOMENTO_Arnaud.pdf.
Full textDjerdane, Mabrouk. "Effet des séismes bidirectionnels sur la longueur d'appui des tabliers de ponts." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1287/1/DJERDANE_Mabrouk.pdf.
Full textLong, Wu Jian. "Performance des bétons autoplaçants développés pour la préfabrication d'éléments de ponts précontraints." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1842.
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