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Academic literature on the topic 'Pool de nucléotides'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pool de nucléotides"
Nougarède, Arlette, Pierre Landré, Jacques Rembur, and Mercedes Niebla Hernandez. "Des variations d'activités de la 5′-nucléotidase et de l’adénylate-cyclase sont-elles des composantes de la levée d'inhibition du bourgeon cotylédonaire du pois?" Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-036.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pool de nucléotides"
Gemble, Simon. "Relation fonctionnelle entre le pool de nucléotides et PARP-1 : une nouvelle source d'instabilité génétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS244/document.
Full textGenome stability is jeopardized by imbalances of the dNTP pool; such imbalances affect the rate of fork progression. For example, cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency leads to an excess of dCTP, slowing the replication fork. We describe here a novel mechanism by which pyrimidine pool disequilibrium compromises the completion of replication and chromosome segregation. Using molecular combing, electron microscopy and a sensitive assay involving cell imaging to quantify steady-state PAR levels, we found that in CDA-deficient cells DNA replication was unsuccessful due to the partial inhibition of basal PARP-1 activity, rather than slower fork speed. Indeed, the intracellular accumulation of dCTP inhibits PARP-1 activity compromising the activation of Chk1 and the downstream checkpoints efficiency, allowing the subsequent accumulation of unreplicated DNA in mitosis. This unreplicated DNA leads to the formation of ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs) between sister-chromatids at “difficult-to-replicate” sites such as centromeres and fragile sites. These results have direct implications for Bloom syndrome (BS), a rare genetic disease combining susceptibility to cancer and genomic instability. BS results from mutation of the BLM gene, encoding BLM, a RecQ 3’-5’ DNA helicase, a deficiency of which leads to CDA downregulation. BS cells thus have a CDA defect, resulting in a high frequency of UFBs due entirely to dCTP-dependent PARP-1 inhibition and independent of BLM status. Our results describe previously unknown pathological consequences of the distortion of dNTP pools and reveal an unexpected role for PARP-1 in preventing unreplicated DNA accumulation in mitosis and in preventing chromosome segregation defects
Chabosseau, Pauline. "Rôle d'un déséquilibre du pool de nucléotides dans le phénotype cellulaire associé au syndrome de Bloom." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T077.
Full textCunha, Silveira Sandra. "Voies de sauvetage du pool des pyrimidines et du NAD : des alliés inattendus dans le maintien de la stabilité du génome." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET011.
Full textBloom syndrome (BS) is a rare human autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in both copies of the BLM gene, encoding BLM, a 3’-5’ RecQ DNA helicase. BS cells present a strong genetic instability and BS patients are predisposed to a wide range of cancers that commonly affect the general population. BLM depletion leads to the downregulation of cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine (C) and deoxycytidine (dC) to uridine (U) and deoxyuridine (U), respectively. CDA defect leads to an excess of cellular dC and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) in either BS cells or BLM-expressing cells, that jeopardizes genome stability. Indeed, this nucleotide pool disequilibrium leads to a significant reduction of basal Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity. The resulting low levels of PARP-1 activity disturb Chk1 activation and decrease the efficiency of downstream checkpoints, leading to the accumulation, during mitosis, of unreplicated DNA at some “difficult-to-replicate” loci in the genome, such as centromeres, fragile sites, leading to excess ultrafine anaphase bridge (UFB) formation. The objective of my PhD project was to decipher the mechanism leading to the reduction of basal PARP-1 activity in the absence of CDA. We performed a metabolomic study that revealed an increase in nicotinamide (NAM) levels, the substrate of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and a decrease in nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) levels, the product of NAMPT. We confirmed the reduction of the nuclear NAMPT activity in CDA-deficient cells. We found that the siRNA-mediated NAMPT knockdown or the chemical NAMPT inhibition reproduce the reduction of basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-proficient cells, but not in CDA-deficient cells. Moreover, expression of exogenous wild type NAMPT, but not of the NAMPT catalytic mutant, fully rescued the reduction of basal PARP1 activity, and the subsequent increase in UFB frequency in CDA-deficient cells. These results indicate that the reduced basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells is due to a reduced NAMPT activity. We propose a model in which the intracellular accumulation of dC/dCTP resulting from CDA deficiency might impair the nuclear NAMPT activity, resulting in an intracellular accumulation of NAM, a known natural inhibitor of PARP-1, that consequently reduces PARP-1 activity. Our results highlight for the first time a link between cytidine deaminase deficiency and nicotinamide metabolism, a pathway essential for the maintenance of cell integrity
Lemor, Mélanie. "Influence de la variation de la concentration intracellulaire des désoxyribonucléotides et rubbonucléotides sur la stabilité génomique chez Pyrococcus abyssi." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0097/document.
Full textIn the three domains of life that include Bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea, one molecule has the sovereign ability to govern life, and not the least one, the mother of all biological mechanisms, DNA. Maintaining the integrity of genomes is obviously essential for life, and faithful DNA replication and repair are the guarantees. The fidelity of these two processes may vary depending on the availability and levels (balance and ratio) of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) and ribonucleotides (rNTPs) during the cell-cycle. Even if intracellular concentration of nucleotides is largely documented in Eukarya and Bacteria, it remains limited in Archaea. From many years one group of Archaea is of great interest for studying genomic maintenance, because of its ability to survive in extremes environments. Pyrococcus abyssi is one of them that is used as biological model for deciphering the stability of DNA at elevated temperature in LM2E. The present work focuses on genomic integrity and particularly on the functional characterization of the three DNA polymerases: PolD, PolB and the p41/p46 complex. Initially, the nucleotide pool has been evaluated in exponentially growing cells using the highly sensitive method that combined chromatography and mass spectrometry (zicHILIC-MS-MS). The results show that rNTPs content is 20-fold higher than dNTPs. For that reason, fidelities of DNA polymerases are challenged to select the correct dNTP over the most abundant rNTP during DNA synthesis. Despite the fact that some mechanisms allow the exclusion of rNTPs from entry to the Pol active site, recent findings indicate that ribonucleotides are incorporated by different DNA Pols with surprisingly high frequency. In this work, the obtained intracellular balance and ratio of rNTPs and dNTP have been used to analyze their effect on DNA synthesis by P. abyssi DNA Pols and cell-free extracts. Our results clearly demonstrate that rNTP incorporation is detectable with distinct efficiencies among DNA pols. Secondly, the consequences of the presence of rNMPs in a DNA template on DNA polymerisation has been examined and highlights that cell-free extracts are able to bypass a single rNMP as well as replicative DNA polymerases. To strengthen that study, single nucleotide incorporation opposite rNMP or dNMP has been carried out and the results demonstrate that replicative Pyrococcus abyssi DNA Pols can basepair the complementary rNTPs opposite dNMPs, and vice-versa, the complementary dNTPs opposite rNMPs.Furthermore, the preliminary results obtained about the nucleolysis activities of the PolD small subunit, DP1, show that the DNA polymerase D is able to remove rNMPs from a DNA strand, suggesting a first level of protection against ribonucleotide contamination of DNA. Definitely, these data indicate that the presence of transient embedded rNMPs in genomic DNA represents a universally conserved phenomenon across Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
Cohen, Sabine. "Traitement en cancérologie à l’aide d’analogues nucléosidiques : conséquence sur les pools endogènes des ribonucléosides et désoxyribonucléosides triphosphates." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10283.
Full textNucleoside analogues constitute family of drugs widely used in cancer therapeutic for the treatment of malignancy hemopathies and several type of cancer. Numerous studies described their action on the variation of endogen nucleotide pools. This constitutes the point of starting of the present work. A sensible and specific assay for the quantification of intracellular ribonucleotides and désoxyribonucleotides was developed. In the first part, a review concerning the analytical methods published is presented. We also focused on the metabolism of endogen nucleotides and their analogues. In the second part, our method for the quantification of endogen nucleotides and désoxynucleotides is presented from different cellular models: resistant cell lines versus wild type lines, treated cells with analogues versus untreated cells. Results obtain from the cells lines studied show that our analytical method allows to study the impact of nucleoside analogues on endogenous nucleotides, but also the quantification of the phosphate derivatives of these analogues
Machon, Christelle. "Quantification des pools de nucléotides à l'aide de la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : applications à l'étude de la progression tumorale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10217/document.
Full textNucleotides, term including nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates, are endogenous compounds playing various roles in biology. They are components of nucleic acids, provide energy to metabolic reactions and act as carriers or second messenger. The study of endogenous nucleotides has become of great interest in physiological and pathological conditions. We developed a method for the quantification of endogenous nucleotides, using an on-line extraction on a WAX column coupled with LC-MS/MS. Analytical separation is performed on a Hypercarb column, without ion pairing agent in the mobile phase. The use of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following positive mode ionization allows the unambiguous identification of nucleotides presenting the same mass. Extraction and separation of nucleotides are achieved within 20 min and the method including re-equilibration of the two columns within 37 min. The method was validated for the quantification of nucleoside mono- and triphosphates, and could be applied to series of more than twenty biological samples. Secondly, in a study based on design of experiments, pre-analytical parameters influencing results of intracellular nucleotides were compared in four cell lines. We demonstrated that optimal pre-analytical parameters depend on cell lines. This clearly highlights the importance of pre- analytical conditions for the quantification of intracellular nucleotides to be as representative as possible of the real levels in cells. Then, thanks to experience acquired during the development and the validation of the analytical method, scientific collaborations have been established with several cancer research teams. For example, implication of nucleotide metabolism in replicative stress induced by oxidative stress or in the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was studied. Results obtained by our analytical approach were complementary to those obtained by other techniques. To conclude, our work consisted on the study of the entire workflow for the analysis of endogenous nucleotides in various biological samples