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1
Kebede, Wassie, and Alice K. Butterfield. "Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia." International Social Work 52, no. 3 (2009): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808102069.
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English Social networks are social capital for poor women living in a slum neighborhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Based on neighborhood, friendship, kinship, gender and ethnic ties, informal networks provide social, emotional and financial support. Social network analysis is a promising method for community development and participatory social work in Africa. French Les réseaux sociaux représentent un capital social pour les femmes pauvres qui vivent dans les bidonvilles à Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie. Basés sur des liens de voisinage, d’amitié, de parenté, de genre et de culture, les réseaux informels apportent un soutien social, affectif et financier. L’analyse du réseau social est une méthode prometteuse pour le développement communautaire et le travail social participatif en Afrique. Spanish Las redes sociales son de suma importancia para las mujeres pobres que viven en los barrios de pocos recursos de Addis Abeba, Etiopía. Basadas en barrios, amistades, relaciones, géneros y lazos étnicos, las redes informales proveen ayuda social, emocional y financiera. El análisis de las redes sociales es un método promisorio para el desarrollo de las comunidades y el trabajo social participativo en África.
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Susuman, A. Sathiya. "HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: Health View." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 3 (2015): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615570957.
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The aim of the research is to examine the HIV risk factors affecting poor health in Ethiopia by epidemiological perspectives. The Demographic and Health Survey 2011 and other secondary data were used. Ethiopian population growth has slowed dramatically or stopped due to HIV and AIDS. A logistic regression and correlation between HIV positive towards AIDS, high risk factors leading to exposure to HIV infection was adopted with selected variables. The study confirmed that the high level of HIV positivity and poor health was highly affected by socio-economic and demographic factors.
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Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Dawit Tefera Fentie, Seblewongel Tigabu Yigizaw, Asnakew Asmamaw Abebe, and Kassahun Alemu Gelaye. "Spatial distribution and geographical heterogeneity factors associated with poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children age 6–23 months in Ethiopia: Geographical weighted regression analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252639.
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Introduction Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in poor societies. Dietary consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was low in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and spatial determinants of dietary consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Methods Ethiopian 2016 demographic and health survey dataset using a total of 3055 children were used to conduct this study. The data were cleaned and weighed by STATA version 14.1 software and Microsoft Excel. Children who consumed foods rich in vitamin A (Egg, Meat, Vegetables, Green leafy vegetables, Fruits, Organ meat, and Fish) at least one food item in the last 24 hours were declared as good consumption. The Bernoulli model was fitted using Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distributions for poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A. Geographical weighted regression analysis was employed using MGWR version 2.0 software. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant predictors spatially. Results Overall, 62% (95% CI: 60.56–64.00) of children aged 6–23 months had poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. Poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A highly clustered in Afar, eastern Tigray, southeast Amhara, and the eastern Somali region of Ethiopia. Spatial scan statistics identified 142 primary spatial clusters located in Afar, the eastern part of Tigray, most of Amhara and some part of the Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Children living in the primary cluster were 46% more likely vulnerable to poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A than those living outside the window (RR = 1.46, LLR = 83.78, P < 0.001). Poor wealth status of the household, rural residence and living tropical area of Ethiopia were spatially significant predictors. Conclusion Overall, the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was low and spatially non-random in Ethiopia. Poor wealth status of the household, rural residence and living tropical area were spatially significant predictors for the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. Policymakers and health planners should intervene in nutrition intervention at the identified hot spot areas to reduce the poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months.
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Belayneh, Tamirat, and Jember Tekle. "REVIEW ON ADOPTION, TREND, POTENTIAL, AND CONSTRAINTS OF RICE PRODUCTION TO LIVELIHOOD IN ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 6 (2017): 644–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i6.2017.2097.
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Cultivation of rice in Ethiopia is generally a recent phenomenon it was started first at Fogera and Gambella Plains in the early 1970’s, which is preceded by its utilization as a food crop. Hence the present review was to review on adoption, Trend, potential, and constraints of rice production to livelihood in Ethiopia. Although rice was introduced to the country very recently, it has proven to be a crop that can assure food security in Ethiopia. It is reported that the potential rice production area in Ethiopia is estimated to be about thirty million hectares. Since 2006, Ethiopian rice production trends show increases in both area and productivity. Considering the importance and potential of the crop, it has been recognized by the Government as “the new millennium crop of Ethiopia” to attain food security. Rice has become a commodity of strategic significance across many parts of Ethiopia for domestic consumption as well as export market for economic development. Due to the introduction of upland and irrigated rice varieties in the country, rice farming has increased from time to time. There has been twelve upland/lowland NERICAs and Sativa-type, and three irrigated rice varieties released in Ethiopia from 1999 up to 2007. However, Ethiopian rice sector still faces remaining challenges such as high competition with imported rice, poor infrastructure, insufficient mechanization and post-harvest processing technologies, lack of skilled manpower and research facilities, poor marketing infrastructure, and channels. Therefore, building the capacity of the research community, experts, smallholder farmers and the private sector is necessary not only to further increase production but also to improve the quality of rice products through better post-harvest handling and processing.
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Young, John. "Along Ethiopia's western frontier: Gambella and Benishangul in transition." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (1999): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x9900302x.
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The lowland Ethiopian regions of Gambella and Benishangul, bordering Sudan, form a classic frontier zone. ‘Modern’ politics dates from the 1974 Ethiopian revolution, and has been shaped by developments on either side of the frontier, as well as by the complex relations among indigenous peoples, and between them and immigrants and officials from highland areas of Ethiopia. The implementation of the post-1991 Ethiopian government's programme of ethnic regionalism has intensified local rivalries, and regional governments remain weak, being highly dependent on professionals from highland Ethiopia. Education, transport links, and other indicators of development remain poor. None the less, local political power, in sharp contrast to earlier periods, has to an appreciable extent passed into the hands of indigenous leaders.
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Poppe, Robert. "Poor Eyesight and Educational Outcomes in Ethiopia." Review of Black Political Economy 41, no. 2 (2014): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12114-014-9177-y.
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Desta, Takele Taye. "Introduction of domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) into Ethiopia would be feasible." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 27, no. 4 (2011): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000366.
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AbstractDue to its high agro-ecological variation and favorable production environment, Ethiopia has been endowed with high diversity of animal genetic resources and huge livestock population. However, the per capita consumption of livestock products is among the least in the world. To increase this consumption level, Ethiopia needs to keep livestock species that would be able to thrive under sub-optimal management systems, while providing some amount of products and services. The domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the large ruminants that contribute to the least developed world's food and agriculture production. Therefore, introduction of the riverine-type buffalo would support food and agriculture production in Ethiopia. Moreover, the existing high demand for milk and meat, and the agro-ecological conditions are in favor of introduction of the riverine-type buffalo. More specifically, the riverine buffalo excels over indigenous cattle in its milk yield and quality of milk components. It also has a long productive life, a special ability of converting poor-quality roughage into animal protein, docile temperament and a wide range of adaptation. The presence of wild buffalo also shows Ethiopia's suitability for domestic buffalo rearing. Therefore, even though it seems illogical to make direct comparison between the performance of the Ethiopian indigenous cattle and the domestic buffaloes kept elsewhere; the hardy nature of buffalo and its wide range of adaptation would indicate the adaptation of the riverine-type buffalo in Ethiopia. However, the introduced riverine-type buffalo needs to be handled on experimental stations until management expertise is developed.
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Kabeta, Temesgen. "REVIEW OF COFFEE VALUE CHAIN IN ETHIOPIA ON THE COURSE CROP VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT." American Journal of Supply Chain Management 6, no. 1 (2017): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajscm.266.
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Purpose: This purpose of the study was to review of coffee value chain in Ethiopia on the course crop value chain managementUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The value chain actors must play a critical role to increases the profit plow back in the Ethiopian coffee sector and then will significantly improve living standards of the poor who are at the source of the chain.
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Marcus, Harold G. "The Politics of Famine." Worldview 28, no. 3 (1985): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900046842.
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In Addis Ababa's vast Revolution Square there are large pictures of Marx, Lenin, and Engels, and of Mengistu Haile Mariam, the head of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia and leader of the newly organized Workers Party of Ethiopia. In the decade since a military committee, the dirgue, dethroned Haile Selassie and abolished the monarchy, these four have been proclaimed the saviors of Ethiopia. Today, however, many Ethiopians believe the dirgue's policies are responsible for inciting the nationalities to insurrection, reducing agricultural yields in the south, helping to cause the famine in the northeast, tying Ethiopia to the capital-poor Soviet Union and its allies, and unnecessarily alienating the capital-rich West. In their opinion, the government has failed the. revolution by being repressive and rigid. Mengistu and the ideology he represent should give way to new and more flexible leaders and politics.
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Wendimu, Mengistu Assefa, Arne Henningsen, and Peter Gibbon. "Sugarcane Outgrowers in Ethiopia: “Forced” to Remain Poor?" World Development 83 (July 2016): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.03.002.
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Ayalew, Hailemariam, Yeshwas Admasu, and Jordan Chamberlin. "Is land certification pro-poor? Evidence from Ethiopia." Land Use Policy 107 (August 2021): 105483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105483.
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Endris, Neima, Henok Asefa, and Lamessa Dube. "Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children in Rural Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6587853.
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Background. Child malnutrition continues to be the leading public health problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a leading cause of child illness and death. Recently the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) has been implemented to measure the prevalence of malnutrition. This index presents a more complete picture compared with the previous conventional indices. In this study, CIAF was used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 0–59 months in rural Ethiopia. Methods. Data was extracted from the 2014 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) for this study. A total of 3095 children were included in the analysis. The composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) was used to measure the nutritional status of the children. Logistic regression was fitted, to identify factors associated with malnutrition among children in rural Ethiopia, using STATA 13. Result. The prevalence of malnutrition among rural children in Ethiopia was 48.5%. Age of the children, preceding birth interval, educated status of mother, wealth status, and region were factors independently associated with nutritional status of children in rural Ethiopia. Conclusion. The prevalence of malnutrition among children in rural Ethiopia was high. A child older than 12 months, having uneducated mother, living in a household with poor wealth status, born with short birth interval, and living in some region of the country are associated with increased odds of being malnourished.
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Wedajo Lemi, Bikila. "Microbiology of Ethiopian Traditionally Fermented Beverages and Condiments." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1478536.
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Globally, fermented beverage and condiments are made by using different conventional practices, raw materials, and microorganisms. This paper presents the available literature review on the technology and microbiology of traditional Ethiopian beverages and condiment products. Traditional fermented beverage and condiment products have essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of traditional fermentation practices. In Ethiopia, fermented beverage and condiment products have practiced in a long history. During the production of traditional fermented beverage and condiment products, controlled natural fermentation process with the absence of starter cultures are used to initiate it. Moreover, the preparation of many traditionally fermented beverage and condiment products is still practiced in a household art, thereby a wide variety of fermented beverages and condiments are consumed in Ethiopia. In conclusion, the review discusses the nature of the beverage and condiment preparation, poor traditional household processing, and the extent and limitation of scientific work done so far and suggests some recommendations to limit the problem in Ethiopia.
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Wray Witten, Montgomery. "The Protection of Land Rights in Ethiopia." Afrika Focus 20, no. 1-2 (2007): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0200102007.
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The Protection of Land Rights in Ethiopia Protection of land rights takes place within a complex interconnected environment of constantly changing domestic institutions and organizations at the federal, state and local levels of society. Usually these institutions and organizations function imperfectly, are the subject of a variety of ongoing reforms, and are poorly understood by those who seek to change them. These statements are as true of rich countries as of poor, but poverty does matter. This paper frames the Ethiopian environment within an Ecology of Land Rights Protection, presents examples of the current mixture of outcomes, and concludes with observations about the work of the Mekelle University Law Faculty in improving human rights protection.
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Feyera Senbeta. "The Paradox of Ethiopia’s Underdevelopment: Endogenous Factors in Retrospect." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 2, no. 1 (2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v2i1.2907.
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Ethiopia is a country of diverse historical, cultural, geographical, archeological, and ecological resources and is well known as the cradle of humanity. It is also the tenth-largest country in Africa and endowed with vast land and water resources. This country was unable to translate these potential resources into positive development outcomes. This paper examines the historical perspective of Ethiopia’s underdevelopment mystery under the last three regimes (i.e., Haile Selassie (Imperial), Derg, and the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)). Qualitative approaches mainly interview, discussion, document analysis, and personal experiences were employed in generating relevant data that were analyzed and presented thematically. The results show that Ethiopia ranked the least in many global human development indexes such as Human Development Index, Corruption Index, and Global Hunger Index in the last decade. The underlying historical development challenges include political instability, despotic leadership, corruption, dependence on foreign aid and assistance, controlled freedom of expression, lack of diversity within unity, and inconsistent development policies. Over the last three successive regimes, the state-society relationship has been characterized by conflict, disagreement, and supremacy of state which messed up available national development opportunities. If Ethiopia has to come out of poverty and underdevelopment, it needs to improve its political stability and governance. It must be governed by ‘popularly elected’ not by ‘self-elected leader’ and put in place a system of accountability for a better future and wellbeing of its population. Consistent and pro-poor policy, good working culture, and unity in diversity must be other areas of concern for future development.
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Chane, Samson, and Margaret E. Adamek. "Factors contributing to elder abuse in Ethiopia." Journal of Adult Protection 17, no. 2 (2015): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-07-2014-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of elder abuse in Ethiopia by considering the perspectives of abused elders. Design/methodology/approach – A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of 15 elders (six men, nine women) in Ethiopia who experienced domestic abuse. Data were collected using unstructured interviews and were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The results described here focus on Ethiopian elders’ perceptions of factors contributing to abuse. Findings – Themes identified in elders’ statements about the factors contributing to elder abuse included: declining respect for elders, conflicts of interest, poor health, mutual dependency and other economic issues, and loss of support providers. Abject poverty was evident as an underlying influence contributing to abuse. One elder stated, “Life is meaningless without food and without a caregiver. I am ready to welcome death.” Research limitations/implications – Documentation of elder abuse is needed to bring recognition to abuse as a problem deserving public attention and response. Practical implications – Given the apparent influence of poverty-related factors on the occurrence of elder abuse among the study's participants, policy initiatives are needed to enhance the economic well-being of older adults in Ethiopia. Originality/value – Since elder abuse is generally not viewed as a societal problem in Ethiopia, there have been very few studies documenting its existence. Research on elder abuse in Ethiopia and other developing nations can help to bring the issue to the attention of communities and authorities.
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Kebede, Hagos Zeray, and Glen Schmidt. "Organisational Response to Child Trafficking in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia." Social Change 48, no. 4 (2018): 616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718801445.
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Organisations such as the United Nations and the United States Department of State have noted that child trafficking in Ethiopia is a very serious problem. Famine, war and disease have devastated many Ethiopian families and children are particularly vulnerable to human trafficking that is internal and external in nature. This qualitative exploratory research examined the perceived effectiveness of the agency and organiational responses to the problem of child trafficking in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. A total of 13 child care organisational managers and directors were recruited from the Tigray regional capital of Mekelle. They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interview transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis pointed to challenges and difficulties in funding childcare organisations, problems in identifying victims, poor coordination between agencies, and a lack of leadership from the Mekelle Child Centre Forum.
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Takele, Anduamlak Molla, Messay Gebremariam Kotecho, and Philip Mendes. "The Poverty of Policy: Examining Care Leaving Policy in Ethiopia." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 8, no. 2 (2021): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349300320982399.
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International research consistently shows that young care leavers’ journey from care to emerging adulthood is characterised by adversities such as unemployment, poor academic performance, homelessness, involvement in criminal activities, mental illness and early parenthood. As research evidence points out, such negative outcomes are closely linked with the existence of multiple placements, lack of mentoring, limited connections with significant others, the absence of early preparation to leave care, and a dearth of or inadequate policy frameworks that entitle care leavers to use aftercare support schemes. In order to support care leavers’ transition from care to emerging adulthood, Global North countries have implemented an independent care leaving policy framework that serves as a scaffolding for challenges that would arise from care leavers’ exploration of the adult world upon leaving care. However, such experience in formulation of policy to empower care leavers to be an independent adult is not well developed in countries in Global South due to the infant nature of research on care leaving and a preference for addressing the issues of care leavers in the existing child policy frameworks rather than formulating a special policy that deals with care leaving. The status of Ethiopia in this regard is not different. Existing policy frameworks concerning children have failed to address the needs of Ethiopian care leavers despite the existence of over five million orphan and vulnerable children in the country most of whom are placed in institutional childcare centres. This article presents the case for an independent care leaving policy in Ethiopia to address the multifaceted needs of children in care and improve the care leaving service in the country. Thus, the study will shed light on the state of care leaving policy in the world and lessons for Ethiopia to support Ethiopia’s attempt to serve the most vulnerable children in care by developing its own care leaving policy.
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Weldesenbet, Adisu Birhanu, Sewnet Adem Kebede, and Biruk Shalmeno Tusa. "The Effect of Poor Social Support on Depression among HIV/AIDS Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Depression Research and Treatment 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6633686.
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Background. Low- and middle-income countries of which Ethiopia is one bears the high burden of depression among human immune deficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. Several factors have been identified as being associated with increased depression among HIV/AIDS patients including poor social support. However, studies examining the effect of poor social support on depression among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia have had inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis is therefore aimed at estimating the pooled effect of poor social support on depression among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia. Methods. All relevant articles published prior to July 1, 2020, were retrieved from scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar systematically. The identified studies reporting the association of depression and poor social support among HIV patients in Ethiopia were included. I 2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Subgroup analysis was done based on tools to determine how pooled estimates of depression vary across tools. The pooled estimate of association between poor social support and depression was reported. Results. The aggregated meta-analysis revealed a higher odds of depression among patients with poor social support than those who had strong social support (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.69, 2.93). The pooled prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia was 38.93% (95%: CI: 32.01, 45.84); ( I 2 = 94.44 %, p ≤ 0.001 ). The subgroup analysis was performed based on tools, and the result showed that the highest pooled prevalence (44.42%) was among primary studies that used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) tool. Conclusions. Human immune deficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with poor social support were more likely to develop depression. The pooled prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patient was high in Ethiopia. The highest prevalence of depression was observed among studies that used HADS to screen depression. Therefore, we recommend integration of mental health and psychosocial support services into the HIV/AIDS care. Prevention of HIV/AIDS-related stigma for people with HIV/AIDS is also needed to reduce the impact of poor social support.
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Abate, Abebe Gizachew. "The effects of land grabs on peasant households: The case of the floriculture sector in Oromia, Ethiopia." African Affairs 119, no. 474 (2019): 90–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adz008.
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Abstract This article investigates how appropriation of land for flower farm developments in Walmara district and Holeta town in Ethiopia’s Oromia region affected smallholders’ livelihoods. Between 1996 and 2018, the state expropriated 1487 hectares from Oromo farming communities for the flower industry with little or no compensation through the ‘eminent domain’ principle. This article demonstrates the effects of these actions on the rural poor in Oromia including threats to common property resources and farming plots, which constitute their basic livelihood units and intergenerational assets. By focusing on cases of land expropriation in the central highlands of Ethiopia, it challenges a common misconception that land grabs are occurring only on the periphery of the state. In this case, the entanglements of the export-oriented flower industry in global capitalism and the centralized state administration have led to destitution for most smallholders within 100 kilometres of the capital city. The study shows how policies associated with the Ethiopian developmental state accord priority to investors and state interests over local concerns, reinforcing wider concerns with dominant models of development.
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Bayleyegne, Yenefenta Wube. "Multilevel Analysis of Determinants of Stunting Prevalence among Children under Age Five in Ethiopia." International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition 10, no. 3 (2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2021.10.03.5.
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Background: Stunting is a well-established child health indicator of chronic malnutrition related to environmental and socio-economic circumstances. In Ethiopia, childhood stunting is the most widely prevalent among children under the age of five years. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of stunting and model the determinants of stunting prevalence among children under age five in Ethiopia. Methods: Data were extracted from 2016 EDHS, and samples of 8487 children under age five were used in this study. The sample was selected using a two-stage stratified sampling process, and a multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of stunting among children under age five years in Ethiopia was around 39.39%. The multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the variation of predictor variables of stunting prevalence among children under age five. Accordingly, it has been identified that the ages of the child above 12 months, male gender, children from poor households, and no mother education significantly affect the prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia. It is found that variances related to the random term were statistically significant, implying a variation in the prevalence of stunting across Ethiopia's regional states. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that the prevalence of stunting among children under aged five years in Ethiopia was a severe public health problem. Therefore, governmental or stakeholders should pay attention to all the significant factors mentioned in this study's analysis.
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Geteneh, Alene, Tesfaye Kassa, Yared Alemu, et al. "Enhanced identification of Group B streptococcus in infants with suspected meningitis in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242628.
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Meningitis is one of the top ten causes of death among Ethiopian infants. Group B streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as a leading cause of meningitis in neonates and young infants, resulting in high mortality. Despite this, there is no report on GBS associated meningitis in Ethiopia where infant meningitis is common. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of GBS associated meningitis among Ethiopian infants. PCR was prospectively used to detect GBS in culture-negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, which were collected from infants suspected for meningitis, at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Ethiopia, over a one-year period. GBS was detected by PCR in 63.9% of culture-negative CSF samples. Out of the 46 GBS positive infants, 10.9% (n = 5) of them died. The late onset of GBS (LOGBS) disease was noted to have a poor outcome with 3 LOGBS out of 5 GBS positive samples collected from patients with the final outcome of death. PCR was advantageous in the identification of GBS in culture-negative CSF samples. GBS was detected in 64% of the CSF samples from infants with meningitis compared with zero-detection rate by culture.
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Vandercasteelen, Joachim, Seneshaw Temru Beyene, Bart Minten, and Johan Swinnen. "Big cities, small towns, and poor farmers: Evidence from Ethiopia." World Development 106 (June 2018): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.03.006.
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Alvi, Eskander, and Seife Dendir. "On consumption insurance in poor urban areas: Evidence from Ethiopia." Journal of International Development 21, no. 5 (2009): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1505.
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Dendir, Seife. "Unemployment Duration in Poor Developing Economies: Evidence from Urban Ethiopia." Journal of Developing Areas 40, no. 1 (2006): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2007.0003.
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Thiede, Brian. "Resilience and development among ultra-poor households in rural Ethiopia." Resilience 4, no. 1 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2015.1094166.
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Dercon, Stefan. "Economic reform, growth and the poor: Evidence from rural Ethiopia." Journal of Development Economics 81, no. 1 (2006): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.05.008.
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Abdu, Zakir, and Aman Dule. "Poor Quality of Sleep Among HIV-Positive Persons in Ethiopia." HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Volume 12 (October 2020): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/hiv.s279372.
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Hane, Jessica, Cynthia Howard, Kelly Dietz, and Stacene R. Maroushek. "Poor Growth in an 8-year-old Boy from Ethiopia." Pediatrics in Review 42, no. 9 (2021): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2020.001446.
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Biset Ayalew, Mohammed. "Mortality and Its Predictors among HIV Infected Patients Taking Antiretroviral Treatment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5415298.
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Background. Even though the benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well established, there is a regional variation in the extent of its benefit. The aim of this review is to highlight mortality and its predictors in Ethiopian adult HIV patients who were on ART. Methods. Relevant articles were searched on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search terms used in different combinations were predictor/determinant/factors, mortality/death/survival, HIV, ART/HAART, and Ethiopia. Result. 5–40.8% of the patients died during the follow-up period. More than half (50–68.8%) of the deaths occurred within 6 months of initiating ART. Advanced stage disease (stage III and stage IV), nonworking functional status (bedridden and ambulatory), low baseline CD4 count, low baseline hemoglobin level, TB coinfection, lower baseline weight, and poor treatment adherence were commonly identified as predictors of death in HIV patients. Conclusion. 5–40.8% of HIV patients in Ethiopia die in 2–5 years of initiating antiretroviral treatment. Most of the deaths in HIV patients occur early in the course of treatment. Special emphasis should be given for patients with advanced stage disease, nonworking functional status, low baseline CD4 count, low baseline hemoglobin level, TB coinfection, lower baseline weight, and poor treatment adherence.
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Haligamo, Demamu. "Latrine Utilisation and Associated Factors in Southern Ethiopia: Evidence from Selected Households in Holte Town, Ethiopia." Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies 3, no. 2 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51986/ijrcs-2021.vol3.02.01.
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Globally, over 2.5 billion people are still without access to improved sanitation. Almost a third of the world’s population suffers on a daily basis from a lack of access to a clean and functioning toilet. People are obliged to defecate in the open due to a lack of toilet facilities. Poor usage of latrines and excreta disposal are contributing factors to a high number of morbidity and mortality, especially among under-five children. Health improvement comes from proper sanitation facilities, not simply because of their mere physical presence. Therefore, this study assessed latrine utilisation and associated factors among households in Holte town of Derashe, especial Woreda, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist. An SPSS software Version.23 was used for analysis, and descriptive statistics and association among factors were finally calculated. From total respondents, 316 (88.76%) were using Latrine for 24 hours (good utilisation), 29 (8.1%) daily and the remaining 11 (3.0%) rarely (poor utilisation). Family members in each household were identified as using Latrine together. From the study respondents who have under-five children, 189 (53.1%) of the households do not allow their children to use Latrine. In conclusion, there is somewhat good latrine utilisation but poor hand washing practice after visiting Latrine in the study area. So, strengthening health information dissemination, appropriate technical support, and multi-sectorial collaboration should be key factors to improve the proper utilisation of latrines and handwashing practices.
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Kabeta, Temesgen. "REVIEW OF MICROFINANCE AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN ETHIOPIA." American Journal of Finance 2, no. 6 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.267.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the role of microfinance and empowering women in Ethiopia Findings: According to findings of different authors microfinance is providing financial services to unemployed and low income individuals or groups who would have no access to formal banking services. It has positive impact on the living standard of the poor people in particular and alleviating poverty in their household in general. It is not only undermining poverty in the country, but also empowering women through surviving and making their life prosperous with dignity and self reliance by providing financial services. And also Ethiopian Microfinance is facing different challenges in empowering such as lack of collateral assets, lack of information, work burden, production failures, verbal abuse, lack of infrastructure, low institutional capacity and opportunities of women in microfinance are providing startup capital, women empowerment, poverty eradication, social and political empowerment, improved saving skills and the above challenges listed should be take consideration by government and concerned body as well as problem solving study must be conducted.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is better when countries microfinance would be more diversified its services to poor categories of the women. Infrastructural facilities must be fulfilled for microfinance institution to empower women
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Mengesha, Ayelech Kidie, Reinfried Mansberger, Doris Damyanovic, and Gernot Stoeglehner. "Impact of Land Certification on Sustainable Land Use Practices: Case of Gozamin District, Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205551.
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Agroforestry is attracting considerable attention in Ethiopia because of its potential for sustainable land use practices. As land tenure insecurity is a major limiting factor for sustainable land use practices in Ethiopia and developing countries in general, the Ethiopian government launched a rural land certification program to secure land tenure. There are limited empirical studies about the impacts of land certification on sustainable land use practices. To fill this knowledge gap, this study was outlined for an area in the Ethiopian Gozamen district. It investigates the impact of land certification on sustainable land use practices and is focused on factors affecting tree plantation based on a household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents practiced sustainable land use practices after their land was certified. Therefore, land certification has a great contribution on sustainable land use practices. In addition, age, consultancy, land size, education, and nurseries proved as significant factors for tree plantation. As access to land is a basic socio-economic precondition for sustainable agriculture and forestry in developing countries, tenure security is a key pathway for the development of the poor and it contributes essentially to achieve sustainable development goals.
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Hailu, T., E. Nibret, A. Amor, and A. Munshea. "Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and diagnostic methods." Helminthologia 58, no. 1 (2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0010.
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Summary Strongyloides stercoralis is a helminthic intestinal parasite that causes the disease strongyloidiasis. Its prevalence is high in tropics and sub-tropics due to poor sanitation and hygiene. However, its true prevalence is not well known in Ethiopia as most health institutions use low sensitive diagnostic methods. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis at country, and regional state levels. Papers published on S. stercoralis in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2020 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science direct databases and Addis Ababa repository. Identification, screening, checking the eligibility, and inclusion of the relevant literatures were done. Articles with S. stercoralis positive results from Ethiopian populations were included. Articles which focused on Strongyloides infection in foreigners, and other than stool samples were excluded. The pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis and heterogeneity between studies and across regions were computed. From the 43 articles, the overall prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia was 1.82 %. Across regions, relatively high prevalence of S. stercoralis (8.78 %) was recorded in Addis Ababa city. High prevalence of S. stercoralis was found to be 44.02 % with a combination of formol ether concentration, Baermann concentration, and molecular methods. Low prevalence of 0.26 %, 0.31 %, and 1.20 % was evidenced respectively with Kato-Katz, direct saline microscopy, and formol ether concentration methods. Using random effect analysis, the pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia, across regions and across diagnostic methods was 2.1 % (95 %CI: 1.20 – 3.60), 2.6 % (95 %CI: 0.80 – 8.20) and 3.7 % (95 %CI: 1.10 – 11.70), respectively. The heterogeneity was high (P<0.001). This review revealed that Strongyloides infection is probably underreported and its prevalence could be higher than the reported in Ethiopia. Therefore, a revision of the best combination of diagnostic methods could be advisable as it gives better diagnostic results in routine diagnosis of Strongyloides infection in Ethiopia.
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Bitew Workie, Shimelash, Niguse Mekonen, Mulugeta W. Michael, et al. "Modern Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Adults in Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835780.
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Background. The Ethiopian government is striving to improve the health status of its population through the expansion and strengthening of primary health care services in both rural and urban settings of the country. The study aimed to measure modern health service utilization and associated factors in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study design was implemented from May to June 2019 in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. All 786 study participants were selected by multistage systematic random sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were collected by an open data kit. Stata window version 15.0 was also employed for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression was conducted, and a 95% confidence interval was considered for interpretation. Result. Health service utilization was 77.2% with (95% CI of 74.1%, 80.0%). In terms of health facilities in which they visit, first 50.6% were at the public health center and 25.5% of them were at Teaching and Referral Hospital. Respondents with marital status married and widowed have higher odds of utilizing health services compared to single marital status (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.7–5.2 and 9.0; 95% CI: 1.69–48.0), respectively. Respondents with middle and highest wealth status have higher odds of health service utilization than poor wealth status with AOR (1.75 95% CI 1.03–2.97 and 1.58 95% CI; 1.01, 2.77). Similarly, respondents who had chronic disease and perceived poor health status have higher odds of health service utilization. Conclusion. Modern health services utilization was found to be unsatisfactory. Being married, wealth status being middle and high, having chronic health conditions, and having poor perceived health status were found to have a statistically significant association with health service utilization.
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Hailegebriel, Tamirat, Endalkachew Nibret, and Abaineh Munshea. "Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection Among School-Aged Children of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 13 (January 2020): 117863372096281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633720962812.
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Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are still major health problems in resource-poor countries. Despite several epidemiological studies were available in Ethiopia, summarized data on the prevalence of STH among school-aged children (SAC) is lacking in the country. Objective: This study was aimed to summarize the existing published studies of STH among SAC children in Ethiopia. Methods: The search was carried out in open access databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed Central which reported STH in Ethiopia. Open access articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by I2 test. Results: A total of 46 338 children (Male = 23 374 and Female = 22 964) were included in the 70 eligible studies for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of STH among SAC was 33.4%; 95% CI, 29.3% to 37.7% in Ethiopia. Ascaris lumbricoides (19.9%; 95% CI, 17.2%-22.6%) was the most prevalent STH followed by Trichuris trichiura (12.4%; 95% CI, 10.6%-14.1%), and hookworm (7.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-8.9%) infection in the country. High prevalence of STH was observed in Oromia (42.5%; 95% CI, 31.6%-53.4%) followed by SNNPR (38.3%; 95% CI, 27.7%-48.8%) and Amhara (32.9%; 95% CI, 27.0%-38.8%) regional states. High heterogeneity on the prevalence of STH was observed across studies within and among regions ( I2 > 96% and P < .001). Conclusion: This review showed that more than one-third of the Ethiopian SAC were infected with STH. The high prevalence of STH observed in this review highlight the needs of improved control and prevention strategies in Ethiopia.
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Bersisa, Mekonnen, and Almas Heshmati. "A Distributional Analysis of Uni-and Multidimensional Poverty and Inequalities in Ethiopia." Social Indicators Research 155, no. 3 (2021): 805–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02606-w.
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AbstractThis study analyzes uni-and multidimensional poverty and inequalities in rural and small towns in Ethiopia. Unlike the unidimensional measure, the multidimensional measure of poverty shows all the channels through which poverty may manifest itself; it also shows the extent of deprivation. The analysis uses 6 dimensions with 14 indicators to construct a multidimensional index of poverty and inequalities using Ethiopian Households’ Socioeconomic Survey dataset. The study also uses multiple correspondence analyses for determining relative weights in computing a multidimensional index and conducts a stochastic dominance analysis of distribution of poverty for different population segments. The paper sheds light on the degree of inequalities in consumption expenditure and multidimensional deprivations. In addition, it also compares the degree of poverty using the conventional measure of poverty and the multidimensional approach. It also examines the determinants of household poverty status using both unidimensional and multidimensional measures using the logit model. The results show that the intensity, severity, and depth of poverty varies substantially across the 2 measures. The unidimensional measure of poverty shows that 36 percent of the households were poor as compared to 46 percent multidimensionally poor households. Moreover, demographic, regional, and household heads’ characteristics also affect households’ poverty status.
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Kebede, Bereket, Almaz Bekele, and Elias Kedir. "Can the urban poor afford modern energy? The case of Ethiopia." Energy Policy 30, no. 11-12 (2002): 1029–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00056-3.
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Jayne, T. S., John Strauss, Takashi Yamano, and Daniel Molla. "Giving to the Poor? Targeting of Food Aid in Rural Ethiopia." World Development 29, no. 5 (2001): 887–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(01)00011-0.
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Bevan, Philippa, and Sandra Fullerton Joireman. "The perils of measuring poverty: Identifying the ‘poor’ in rural Ethiopia." Oxford Development Studies 25, no. 3 (1997): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600819708424138.
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Akay, Alpaslan, Peter Martinsson, Haileselassie Medhin, and Stefan T. Trautmann. "Attitudes toward uncertainty among the poor: an experiment in rural Ethiopia." Theory and Decision 73, no. 3 (2011): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-011-9250-y.
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Holden, Stein T., and Mesfin Tilahun. "Are land-poor youth accessing rented land? Evidence from northern Ethiopia." Land Use Policy 108 (September 2021): 105516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105516.
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Chikako, Teshita Uke, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, John Elvis Hagan, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "Complex Multilevel Modelling of the Individual, Household and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Undernutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (2021): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093018.
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Worldwide, ten and a half million children under five die every year, with 98% of these deaths in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Undernutrition is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia and children are the most affected segments of the population. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the socio-economic, demographic, health and environmental factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. In this study, anthropometric data (height and weight) and other variables of 9461 children were measured. Descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression models were fitted. The descriptive results revealed that about 27.5% of the children aged between 6–59 months were undernourished. Place of residence, employment status of the mother, educational status of the mother, the mother’s nutritional status, age of the child, birth order of children, source of drinking water, diarrhea and fever among children in the two weeks before the survey were the most important factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. The findings indicate that it is useful to support health care and food security programs in rural areas to directly address food insecurity and undernutrition problems of the poor and exposed communities in rural parts of the country. The education sector must increase mothers’ access to education in all areas to help identify the quality of healthcare and the required attention needed for their children. The health sector should increase their health education programs on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Fenta, Haile Mekonnen, Temesgen Zewotir, and Essey Kebede Muluneh. "Disparities in childhood composite index of anthropometric failure prevalence and determinants across Ethiopian administrative zones." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256726.
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Background The prevalence of under-five children’s undernutrition in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence and risk factors of the composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) of under-five children in Ethiopia by incorporating the zonal (district) effects. Methods The data was drawn from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHSs), a population-based cross-sectional study of 29,599 under-five year children from 72 Zones in the years 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016. Fixed effect variables related to child and maternal-household were included in the model. We adopted a generalized mixed model with CIAF as outcome variable and Zones as random effects. Results The prevalence of CIAF in Ethiopia was 53.78% with the highest prevalence of 61.30% in 2000 and the lowest prevalence of 46.58% in 2016. The model result revealed that being a female child, absence of comorbidity, singleton births, and the first order of birth showed significantly lower CIAF prevalence than their counterparts. Among the household characteristics, children from mothers of underweight body mass index, uneducated parents, poor household sanitation, and rural residents were more likely to be undernourished than their counterparts. Based on the best linear unbiased prediction for the zonal-level random effect, significant variations of CIAF among zones were observed. Conclusion The generalized linear mixed-effects model results identified gender of the child, size of child at birth, dietary diversity, birth type, place of residence, age of the child, parental level of education, wealth index, sanitation facilities, and media exposure as main drivers of CIAF. Disparities of CIAF were observed between and within the Ethiopian administrative Zones over time.
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Fufa, Gemechu Bekana. "Determinants of Pro-Poor Growth and Its Impacts on Income Share: Evidence from Ethiopian Time Series Data." Scientific World Journal 2021 (March 2, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645789.
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The growing research interest in the pro-poorness of growth is the main issue today. Reducing economic poverty and inequality through pro-poor growth is the aim of policies in many countries. Pro-poor growth is good for poverty eradication if it can be achieved. Ethiopia is a good example of a country where growth was pro-poor between 1990 and 2018 but the pro-poor growth was reversed in 2016. The paper examined what led to pro-poor growth between 1990 and 2018 and what may have been responsible for the reversal in 2016. Unit root test reveals that all the series are nonstationary at level and stationary at first difference and have one cointegration relation between the variables. The dynamic ordinary least squares method was used to analyze the Ethiopian time series data from World Bank Development Indicators between 1990 and 2018 for the determinant of pro-poor growth. Regression analysis shows that job creation was responsible for the pro-poor growth between 1990 and 2018. The results of the analysis showed that human capital, industrial, and services growth have negative impacts on poorest people, whereas employment and agriculture growth have positive impacts on poorest people. In the richest income group, human capital, and industrial and service growths have positive impacts while agricultural growth and employment have negative impacts.
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Berhe, Abera Aregawi, Abraham Desta Aregay, Alemnesh Araya Abreha, et al. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene among Rural Residents in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5460168.
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Background. Poor hygienic practices, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitary conditions play a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. Lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on WASH is one of the most imperative causes for transmission of infectious diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural residents on water, sanitation, and hygiene in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 759 households in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and practice on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Descriptive data analysis was done to present the study findings. Results. The response rate was 99.6%, and 574 (75.9%) of the respondents were females. Good knowledge, favorable attitude, and good practice on WASH were observed in 42.2% (95% CI: 38.7%, 45.7%), 48.5% (95% CI: 44.9%, 52.0%), and 49.2% (95% CI: 45.6%, 52.7%) of the respondents, respectively. Conclusions. Poor knowledge, unfavorable attitude, and poor practice on WASH were common amongst the residents in rural Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Therefore, the health extension programs at primary health care should be revitalized in a way that can enhance the interventional measures to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice on WASH.
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Zeleke, Tadele Amare, Wondale Getinet, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, and Kassahun Gebeyehu. "Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0247005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247005.
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Background Globally, post-partum depression is a major public health problem and is associated with a harmful effect on the infant, child, and mothers’ mental, physical, and social health. Although a few post-partum depression studies have been published, we still lack an accurate estimated pooled prevalence of national PPD and associated factors. Objectives This study aims to show the estimated pooled prevalence of PPD and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods We conduct the extensive search of articles as indicated in the guideline (PRISMA), reporting systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, psych INFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. All publications and grey literature were addressed by using MeSH terms and keywords. The pooled estimated effect of post-partum depression and associated factors was analyzed using the random effect model meta-analysis, and 95% CI was also considered. Protocol and registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020176769 Available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176769. Result A total of 11 studies with 7,582 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression (PPD) was 22.08%, with a 95% CI (17.66%, 26.49). For factors associated with post-partum depression, a random effect size model was used during meta-analysis; unplanned pregnancy [(OR = 2.84; 95% CI (2.04, 3.97)], domestic violence [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (2.59, 3.80)], and poor social support [OR = 3.57;95% CI (2.29,5.54) were positively associated factors with post-partum depression. Conclusion and recommendation The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression was high in Ethiopia. Unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, and domestic violence were factors affecting PPD. Therefore, the Ethiopian policymakers and health personnel better give more emphasis to mothers who had a history of unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, and poor social support
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Assele, Alemayehu Assefa, Yohannes Aberra, and Dawit Diriba. "Trends and Regulatory Challenges of Environmental Institutions: Evidences from Federal and selected Regions of Ethiopia." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i2.14603.
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The trend of development of environmental institutions in the third world has experienced a considerable lag since 1970s compared to the pace and scale of environmental threats; and mainly challenged by poor autonomy, weak regulatory capacity, and inadequate political support. Ethiopia, being prone to recurrent droughts and environmental maladies, has been grappled with policy responses towards building green and environmentally benign economy. The objective of this study was to explore the trends of institutionalization in environment sector and the challenges that hamper their regulatory performances in Ethiopia. Based on evidences from federal to local levels, the study has indicated that Ethiopia has made its late debut in institutionalization of environmental mandates in early 1990s and introduced three waves of institutional reforms so far. The institutionalization process both at the center and regional levels has got some arduous challenges, most of which were akin to the experiences of other developing countries. However, there were some distinct challenges in Ethiopian context such as sustained influence from agriculture sector coupled with parochialism in mandate allocation, recurrence of droughts that mostly caught the wits of policy makers, and resource laden economic growth which utterly undermined environmental regulations. Therefore, redefining institutional mandates to avoid role conflict, elevating their status and autonomy, and working towards filling the environmental knowledge deficit could be amicable solutions.
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Gebre, Mamo Nigatu, Merga Belina Feyasa, and Teshome Kabeta Dadi. "Levels of mother-to-child HIV transmission knowledge and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256419.
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Background The world community has committed to eliminating the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Even though different studies have been done in Ethiopia, to the knowledge of the investigators, the Ethiopian women’s level of knowledge on the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus is not well studied and the existing evidence is inconclusive. The current study is aimed to study the Ethiopian women’s level of knowledge on the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and its associated factors using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Methods Data of 15,683 women were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive statistics and multilevel ordinal logistic regression were respectively used for the descriptive and analytical studies. Results 41.1% [95% CI: 39.5%, 42.7%] of the Ethiopian reproductive-age women have adequate knowledge of the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. 77%, 84% and 87.8% of the women respectively know that human immunodeficiency virus can be transmitted during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. There are wider regional variations in the women’s level of knowledge of the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Being an urban resident, having better educational status, being from a wealthy household, owning of mobile phone, frequency of listening to the radio, frequency of watching television, and being visited with field workers were significantly associated with having adequate knowledge of the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusion Despite all collective measures put in a place by different stakeholders to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia, a large proportion of the Ethiopian women do not know about the mother-to-child transmission of the disease. Stakeholders working on HIV prevention and control should give due emphasis to promoting mobile phone technology and other media like radio and television by giving due focus to rural residents and poor women to promote the current low level of the knowledge. Emphasis should also be given to the information, education, and communication of the mother-to-child transmission of the disease through community-based educations.
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Gidey, Kidu, Desalegn Belay, Berhane Yohannes Hailu, Tesfaye Dessale Kassa, and Yirga Legesse Niriayo. "Visceral Leishmaniasis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors in Northern Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2019 (August 21, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3513957.
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Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), one of the most neglected tropical diseases, is placing a huge burden on Ethiopia. Despite the introduction of antileishmanial drugs, treatment outcomes across regions are variable due to drug resistance and other factors. Thus, understanding of VL treatment outcomes and its contributing factors helps decisions on treatment. However, the magnitude and the risk factors of poor treatment outcome are not well studied in our setting. Therefore, our study was designed to assess treatment outcomes and associated factors in patients with VL. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in VL patients admitted between June 2016 and April 2018 to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Data was collected through chart review of patient records. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor treatment outcome. Results. A total of 148 VL patients were included in the study. The mean age (SD) of the patients was 32.86 (11.9) years; most of them (94.6%) were male patients. The proportion of poor treatment outcome was 12.1%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that long duration of illness (> four weeks) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 6.1 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.3-28.6], p=0.02) and concomitant tuberculosis (TB) infection (AOR 4.6 [95% CI; 1.1-19.1], p=0.04) were the independent predictors of poor treatment outcome. Conclusions. Poor treatment outcome was observed in a considerable proportion of VL patients. Long duration of illness and coinfection with TB were associated with poor VL treatment outcome. Hence, early diagnosis and effective prompt treatment are important to improve treatment outcomes among VL patients. Special attention should also be given in the treatment of VL/TB coinfected patients in our setting.