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Journal articles on the topic 'Poor laws – wales'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jones, Peter. "The New Poor Laws in Scotland, England and Wales: Comparative Perspectives." Local Population Studies, no. 99 (December 31, 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps99.2017.31.

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This article focuses on a seemingly obvious but largely overlooked question in the historiography of British welfare: what are the merits of, and the obstacles to, a serious comparative study of the poor laws in the constituent countries of mainland Britain? It first considers the wider context for such a question in relation to European welfare history, then discusses the broad historiographical trends for each country in relation to two key areas of the welfare debate: how far the intentions of the central Poor Law authorities were reflected in local practice, and the ability of paupers them

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2

STEWART, JOHN, and STEVE KING. "Death in Llantrisant: Henry Williams and the New Poor Law in Wales." Rural History 15, no. 1 (2004): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303001092.

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This article first examines the recent historiography of the Poor Law, notes the dearth of historical writing on this topic with respect to Wales and then uses an incident which took place in the rural Welsh town of Llantrisant in the early 1840s which clearly exemplifies both particularly Welsh characteristics and those of the medical services of the New Poor Law. It is contended that further study of the welfare regime in nineteenth-century Wales is important for both Welsh history and for the broader historical understanding of the Poor Laws in rural areas.

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Harris, Bernard. "Parsimony and Pauperism: Poor Relief in England, Scotland and Wales in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 39, no. 1 (2019): 40–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2019.0260.

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As the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws noted in 1909, the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 and the Poor Law (Scotland) Act of 1845 sprang from rather different motives. Whereas the first Act aimed to restrict the provision of poor relief, the second was designed to enhance it. However, despite these aims, it is generally accepted that Scotland's Poor Law continued to relieve a smaller proportion of its population and to spend less money on them. This paper revisits the evidence on which these claims are based. Although the gap between the two Poor Laws was less than previously supposed, it was

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WINTER, ANNE. "Caught between Law and Practice: Migrants and Settlement Legislation in the Southern Low Countries in a Comparative Perspective, c. 1700–1900." Rural History 19, no. 2 (2008): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679330800246x.

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AbstractHistoriographical debates on the causes and implications of early modern and early industrial settlement legislation, which determined the locality where one could apply for poor relief, have so far focused mainly on England and Wales. These regions are deemed exceptional for the national character and universality of their Poor Laws (1601), associated Act of Settlement (1662) and later amendments. However, if the focus is shifted from the national legislative framework to actual practice, several continental regions had relief and settlement arrangements that bore many resemblances to

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5

Chasovskih, Grigoriy. "Kinship and Social Strata of Medieval Wales in the Historians’ Writings of the 19th – 21th Centuries." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3 (55) (January 26, 2022): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-55-3-195-212.

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The article is devoted to the historians’ views in the 19th – 21th centuries on medieval Welsh society. The main emphasis is on kinship, social strata and agricultural relations. At the beginning of the period under consideration, the society of medieval Wales was presented as a set of cattle-breeding agnatic clans that had been reorganized every time the older generation had changed. It was believed that society had consisted of the free and foreigners, that had been outside of the clan structure. Subsequently, the significance of dependent social strata was proved and several ways of s

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Westwood, Barbara, and Geoff Westwood. "Aboriginal cultural awareness training: policy v. accountability - failure in reality." Australian Health Review 34, no. 4 (2010): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09546.

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Despite 42 years progress since the 1967 referendum enabling laws to be made covering Aboriginal Australians their poor health status remains and is extensively documented. This paper presents results of a study into Cultural Awareness Training (CAT) in New South Wales and specifically South West Sydney Area Health Service (SWSAHS) with the aim of improving long-term health gains. The evidence demonstrates poor definition and coordination of CAT with a lack of clear policy direction and accountability for improving cultural awareness at government level. In SWSAHS staff attendance at training

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7

Henry, Nancy. "GEORGE ELIOT AND THE COLONIES." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 2 (2001): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301002091.

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Women are occasionally governors of prisons for women, overseers of the poor, and parish clerks. A woman may be ranger of a park; a woman can take part in the government of a great empire by buying East India Stock.— Barbara Bodichon, A Brief Summary in Plain Language, of the Most Important Laws Concerning Women (1854)ON OCTOBER 5, 1860, GEORGE HENRY LEWES VISITED a solicitor in London to consult about investments. He wrote in his journal: “[The Solicitor] took me to a stockbroker, who undertook to purchase 95 shares in the Great Indian Peninsular Railway for Polly. For £1825 she gets £1900 wo

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Broadway, Mikael. "Grinding the face of the poor." Review & Expositor 116, no. 1 (2019): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637319830092.

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The personal and individualistic bias of contemporary Bible reading can hide the primary message of Scripture. Attention to communal and social contexts of reading, such as economic and political structures of the time, opens greater understanding of the historical world in which texts are written, as well as the economic and political message for contemporary readers. A re-reading of the first twelve chapters of Isaiah demonstrates the way that psychologizing and spiritualizing texts obscures their relevance to current social conditions. Isaiah addresses sin and idolatry, topics familiar to p

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9

De Matteis, Sara, and Emily Mendenhall. "Occupational diseases: The prototype of all syndemics?" Environment and Public Health Research 3, no. 1 (2025): 2120. https://doi.org/10.59400/ephr2120.

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Labour laws play critical roles in people’s lives but rarely are they associated with health risk factors or outcomes. Yet, labour represents, directly and indirectly, the key driver of our health, as dramatically confirmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This viewpoint discusses how syndemic thinking can explain a link between labour laws and occupational health. Syndemics are synergistic factors among epidemics, which provide a structured way to think about what conditions emerge epidemiologically, interact in the body, and are driven by shared social, structural, political, or ecological factors.

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10

Řimnáčová, Zuzana, and Alena Kajanová. "Stress and the working poor." Human Affairs 29, no. 1 (2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2019-0008.

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Abstract The working poor are not a clearly defined group. There are still people who work full-time, but have incomes bordering on poverty level. They tend to remain in work despite their low wages simply to avoid becoming unemployed and risk social exclusion. However, working in low-income jobs for long periods creates stress and gives rise to further problems. Stress affects sleep patterns and leads to problems associated with food intake and nutrition, and thus to disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Cardiovascular and neurological disorders may occur too. A lack of finances, and the

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Robinson, Amanda L., Andy Myhill, and Julia Wire. "Practitioner (mis)understandings of coercive control in England and Wales." Criminology & Criminal Justice 18, no. 1 (2017): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817728381.

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Coercive control is harmful behaviour recently criminalized in England and Wales. The extent to which the work of practitioners is informed by an understanding of coercive control therefore requires investigation. Using data from two mixed methods multi-site studies, this article suggests that practitioners’ recognition of coercive control does not seem to be universally poor or skilled, but rather depends on the characteristics of the situation itself, the organizational context in which practitioners work and the stage at which they are evaluating whether coercive control is present. The abs

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Strange, Carolyn. "Ambivalent Abolitionism in the 1920s: New South Wales, Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 11, no. 3 (2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2474.

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In the former penal colony of New South Wales (NSW), a Labor government attempted what its counterpart in Queensland had achieved in 1922: the abolition of the death penalty. Although NSW’s unelected Legislative Council scuttled Labor’s 1925 bill, the party’s prevarication over capital punishment and the government’s poor management of the campaign thwarted abolition for a further three decades. However, NSW’s failure must be analysed in light of ambivalent abolitionism that prevailed in Britain and the US in the postwar decade. In this wider context, Queensland, rather than NSW, was the aboli

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Kushnirovich, Nonna, and Rebeca Raijman. "Bilateral agreements, precarious work, and the vulnerability of migrant workers in Israel." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 23, no. 2 (2022): 266–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2022-0019.

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Abstract We examine the short-term and long-term impact of bilateral agreements on migrant workers’ vulnerability during their employment in Israel. To do so, we developed the Vulnerability Index of Migrant Workers based on five dimensions: poor working conditions, poor living conditions, poor safety conditions, low wages, and dependence on migration costs. We focus on migrant workers arriving in Israel from two different countries (China and Thailand), employed in two different sectors of the economy (construction and agriculture, respectively). Data was gathered through a survey conducted am

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14

Green, Richard. "Draining the Pool: the reform of electricity trading in England and Wales." Energy Policy 27, no. 9 (1999): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(99)00055-5.

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Isaac, P. R. D., C. R. Hayes, and R. K. Akers. "Optimisation of water and energy use at the Wales National Pool." Water and Environment Journal 24, no. 1 (2010): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2008.00150.x.

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16

Zabin, Carol. "The Effects of Economic Restructuring on Women: The Case of Binational Agriculture in Baja California and California." Economic Development Quarterly 8, no. 2 (1994): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249400800208.

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This article analyzes the effects of increasing economic integration between Mexico and the United States on workers in the California and Baja California fresh fruit and vegetable industry. This sector has experienced significant economic integration in labor, capital, and product markets over the past 10 years. During this period, wages in this sector have fallen on both sides of the border, and wages in Mexico are currently about one-sixth of California wages. Although workers in Baja and California perform the same tasks using the same technology and work for firms funded by some of the sa

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17

Fleming, Anne. "The Borrower's Tale: A History of Poor Debtors inLochnerEra New York City." Law and History Review 30, no. 4 (2012): 1053–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000533.

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When asked why he did not read over the loan documents before signing them, John Doherty explained: “I was anxious to get the money, I didn't bother about it.” In February 1910, the twenty-three-year-old railroad clerk walked into the offices of the Chesterkirk Company, a loan-sharking operation with offices in lower Manhattan. He was looking to borrow some money. Repayment was guaranteed by the only security Doherty had to offer: his prospective wages and, in his words, his “reputation.” After a brief investigation of Doherty's creditworthiness, the loan was approved. The office manager place

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18

Madueke, Faith Chinenyenwa. "Government’s Anti-Labour Practices and Migration of Nigerian Health Care Professionals to the United Kingdom (Effect on Sustainable Development Goal 3 in Nigeria." Global Journal of Political Science and Administration 12, no. 3 (2024): 42–68. https://doi.org/10.37745/gjpsa.2013/vol12n34268.

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In recent years, the pervasive problem of excessive anti-labour practices by the Nigerian Government has given rise to a series of far-reaching consequences. Among these, a prominent outcome is the increasing emigration of highly skilled professionals from Nigeria to various corners of the globe. The relationship between governmental policies, labour practices, and the exodus of skilled workers emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive investigation and deeper understanding. This study investigated the Government's anti-labour practices and the migration of healthcare professionals to the U

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Najam-us-saqib, Najam-us-saqib, and G. M. Arif. "Time Poverty, Work Status and Gender: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 1 (2012): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i1pp.23-46.

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The present study measures time poverty and its incidence across gender, occupational groups, industries, regions, and income levels using Time Use Survey (TUS) 2007, the first nationwide time use survey for Pakistan. In the entire TUS sample, the incidence of time poverty is 14 percent. Women are found to be more time poor than men whether employed or not. This is because of certain women-specific activities that they have to perform irrespective of their employment status. Working women are far more time poor than those not working.. Women accepting a job have to make a major trade-off betwe

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Heslop, P., P. Blair, P. Fleming, M. Hoghton, A. Marriott, and L. Russ. "Poor adherence to the mental capacity act and premature death." Journal of Adult Protection 16, no. 6 (2014): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-08-2013-0037.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of the Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with intellectual disabilities (CIPOLD) in relation to the Mental Capacity Act (England and Wales) (MCA) 2005. Design/methodology/approach – CIPOLD reviewed the deaths of all known people with intellectual disabilities (ID) aged four years and over who had lived in the study area and died between 2010 and 2012. Findings – The deaths of 234 people with ID aged 16 years and over were reviewed. There were two key issues regarding how the MCA was related to premature deaths of

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21

Faturrohman Faturrohman and M. Abdur Rahman. "Analisis Tantangan Bagi Kesehatan Gender Terhadap Hak Pada Manusia." Politika Progresif : Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora 1, no. 3 (2024): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.62383/progres.v1i3.368.

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Challenges to the rights possessed by humans can cover various complex and various kinds, such as social, political, and economic. There are challenges such as freedom of opinion and the existence of the press, where even though freedom of the press has been recognized, there is still pressure and intimidation against journalism. Cases such as arrests and violence against journalists who cover this sensitive issue often occur. There are land conflicts between indigenous communities and large companies (especially in the plantation and mining sectors), which can often result in forced evictions

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22

Carty, Victoria. "Transnational Labor Mobilizing in Two Mexican Maquiladoras: The Struggle for Democratic Globalization." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 9, no. 3 (2004): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.9.3.q8438040k2uup54r.

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The struggle to improve workers' rights in Mexican maquiladoras and export processing zones elsewhere in the world is central to the politics of global economic integration. State-centered development is increasingly compromised by supranational institutions and trade agreements. Meanwhile, multinational corporations are relocating at an unprecedented rate to overseas locations. Export processing zones are notorious for poor working conditions and result in a "race to the bottom." The maquila sector in Mexico is a prime example of this phenomenon. This article uses two case studies to examine

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23

Ugwudike, Pamela, and Gemma Morgan. "Bridging the gap between research and frontline youth justice practice." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 2 (2018): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817753509.

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Although the Risk, Need, Responsivity model of rehabilitation is rooted in a substantial body of research evidence, several studies of the model’s efficacy in youth and adult justice settings within England and Wales have revealed modest outcomes. In this article, we contend that the findings do not necessarily reflect deficits in the model. Rather, a growing corpus of research now indicates that poor practice integrity or inadequate implementation of the model’s principles is a key but under-researched factor that undermines the efficacy of interventions based on the model. We also present th

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Ng, Irene YH, Yi Ying Ng, and Poh Choo Lee. "Singapore’s restructuring of low-wage work: Have cleaning job conditions improved?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 3 (2018): 308–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618782558.

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Singapore’s Progressive Wage Model, introduced in 2012 and mandatory in the cleaning industry since 2015, is a skills- and productivity-based approach to redesigning jobs and restructuring wages in the largely outsourced cleaning, security and landscaping sectors. Focusing on cleaning work in the food and beverage industry, this case study examines some early outcomes of this national drive to reduce wage inequality by improving the pay and conditions of commodified work in a sector subject to outsourcing-based cost competition. Based on interviews with cleaners, supervisors and managers, the

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Dr., K. B. Dhore, and K. N. Dhawale Prof. "The Impact of Consumption and Saving on Migrant Labour in Construct Sector with Special Reference to New Panvel." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research S6, no. 19 (2025): 302–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15108648.

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<em>This study explores the dynamics of migrant labour in the construction sector, focusing on the New Panvel region of Navi Mumbai. The construction industry in India heavily relies on migrant workers, who are often employed in low-wage, unskilled, and informal sectors. These workers, mainly from rural and underdeveloped areas, face various challenges, including poor living conditions, inadequate wages, lack of social security, and limited access to healthcare and education. This research examines the socio-economic profiles of migrant labourers, their working conditions, and the impact of mi

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Parmar, Alpa, Rod Earle, and Coretta Phillips. "Race matters in criminology: Introduction to the Special Issue." Theoretical Criminology 24, no. 3 (2020): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480620930016.

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As race scholars and criminologists we are attuned to Du Bois’s (2007: 106) still meaningful injunction to ‘oppose this national racket of railroading to jails and chain gangs the poor, the friendless and the Black’. Yet we have become concerned that criminology seems rather inured to the long-standing and deeply entrenched patterns of race and criminal justice which characterize many high-income countries, and certainly England and Wales and Australia, which are the geographical focus of this Special Issue of Theoretical Criminology.

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27

Wheeler, David. "Beyond Pollution Havens." Global Environmental Politics 2, no. 2 (2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15263800260047781.

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Poor countries suffer from serious environmental damage, and much more pollution control is justifiable. Weak regulation is partly to blame, but the evidence suggests that it reflects a general development problem, not deliberate creation of “pollution havens” to promote investment and trade. Aid from the OECD countries can help reduce pollution in poor countries by promoting better public information about polluters, stronger regulatory institutions, and more explicit attention to environmental risks in large projects. However, attempts to enforce OECD-level regulatory standards through gener

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Tian, Fei, Erfeng Zhang, Chen Yang, Weidong Shi, and Yonghua Chen. "Research on the Characteristics of the Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Field of a Submersible Mixer Based on CFD-DEM." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 6096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166096.

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Submersible mixers are widely used in the sewage treatment process in various fields, such as agriculture and industry. They are mainly responsible for pushing flow and mixing activated sludge particles in a pool. Based on the CFD-DEM coupling method under the Euler–Lagrange framework, the solid–liquid two-phase flow of a submersible mixer was simulated in this paper, and the motion characteristics and distribution laws of particles in the pool were studied in axial, horizontal, and lateral directions, respectively. An evaluation method of distribution uniformity was proposed to analyze the ve

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Glen, Alistair S., and Chris R. Dickman. "Monitoring bait removal in vertebrate pest control: a comparison using track identification and remote photography." Wildlife Research 30, no. 1 (2003): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01059.

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The removal of non-toxic fox baits was monitored simultaneously using identification of tracks in sand plots and an inexpensive method of remote photography. During 1126 bait-nights carried out using both methods at sites in the central and northern tablelands of New South Wales, 106 baits were removed by a variety of target and non-target animals. Whereas the results of sand plots may be inaccurate or unreliable, particularly during poor weather conditions, remote photography provides results that are less open to misinterpretation.

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Marshall, Shelley. "A Comparison of Four Experiments in Extending Labour Regulation to Non-Standard and Informal Workers." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 34, Issue 3 (2018): 281–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2018013.

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Workers most exposed to economic risk around the world are commonly not covered by labour law either because laws were designed with people with a standard, continuous employer in mind or because of poor enforcement. According to the International Labour Organization’s estimates, informal work, as a percentage of non-agricultural employment, continues to account for over 50% of all employment in half of the countries with comparable data across the globe. In onethird of countries, it involves over 65% of workers.1 There are exciting local and national experiments in new forms of labour regulat

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Dong, Sui, Jiang, and Zhou. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Masonry Walls Strengthened by Reinforced Mortar Cross Strips." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 4866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184866.

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Due to the poor seismic performance, strengthening of masonry structures is always a significant problem worthy to study. It has been proven that the bearing capacity of existing masonry buildings can be enhanced greatly with efficient strengthening measures. An experimental program was conducted to investigate seismic performance of un-reinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened b,y reinforced mortar (RM) cross strips. Eleven walls were tested under horizontal low-cyclic load, simultaneously with a vertical constant load on the top face. Three URM walls were tested as reference. The other eig

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Clancy, TF, and DB Croft. "Home Range of the Common Wallaroo, Macropus-Robustus-Erubescens, in Far Western New South Wales." Wildlife Research 17, no. 6 (1990): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900659.

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Aspects of the home range and space-use patterns of the common wallaroo or euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) were studied over a three year period in arid New South Wales. Thirty-five adults (19 males and 16 females) were captured and fitted with radio-transmitters and their movements followed. The home ranges of the majority of animals were significantly different from that of a bivariate normal distribution, indicating a heterogeneity of space use. Home ranges were small and essentially stable over time. There were significant differences between the sexes in all parameters of home range m

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Livanou, Maria I., Vivek Furtado, and Swaran P. Singh. "Mentally disordered young offenders in transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services across England and Wales." Journal of Forensic Practice 19, no. 4 (2017): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-01-2017-0002.

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Purpose This paper provides an overview of transitions across forensic child and adolescent mental health services in England and Wales. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the national secure services system for young people in contact with the youth justice system. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews findings from the existing literature of transitions across forensic child and adolescent mental health services, drawing attention to present facilitators and barriers to optimal transition. The authors examine the infrastructure of current services and highlight gaps between c

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Nafisah Lubis and Elvita Azzahra Lubis. "Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Pada Perekonomian Indonesia." JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS EKONOMI 2, no. 2 (2024): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54066/jmbe-itb.v2i2.1426.

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As a participant in the G20 Group and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Indonesia actively supports sustainable economic growth. However, this nation has problems in absorbing labor, giving rise to concerns about poverty which can endanger social and political stability and impact the welfare of its population. Therefore, a study of the problem of poverty is needed. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of inflation, minimum wages in each province, and HDI (Human Development Index) on poverty levels in Indonesia. Using data collected from thirty-three provinces

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Dokic, Marko. "Malthus’s theory on population as a basis for criticism of the interventionist state." Stanovnistvo 52, no. 1 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1401001d.

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Going by ideological debates concerning (un)justifiable state intervention, protection of individual liberty, and the question of state's role, this article analyses Malthus's theory on population. It states a thesis that theory on population leads Malthus toward the idea of a minimal state and represents a basis for criticism of an interventionist state and its paternalistic role. The article consists of an introduction, four sections and a conclusion. The introduction cites goals of the work and gives basic notes on Malthus's theory on population and its socio-historical context. Special con

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Hansen, Susan. "“Pleasure stolen from the poor”: Community discourse on the ‘theft’ of a Banksy." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 12, no. 3 (2016): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659015612880.

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The removal of street art from community walls for private auction is a morally problematic yet legal action. This paper examines community reactions to the removal of Banksy’s No Ball Games for private auction. Five hundred unique reader comments on online newspaper articles reporting this controversial event were collected and analyzed. An emerging set of urban moral codes was used to position street art as a valuable community asset rather than as an index of crime and social decay. The latter discourse informed a repertoire that depicted No Ball Games as unlawful graffiti that was rightful

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Yacoub, Yarlina, and Restiatun Restiatun. "Effect of the farmer term of trade and farmworkers wages on rural unemployment and poverty in Indonesia." Asian Development Policy Review 12, no. 2 (2024): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5008.v12i2.4978.

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This study aims to determine the determinants of the welfare of agricultural sector workers who come from poor households in rural areas. The exchange rate of farmers and the wages of farm laborers will affect the level of employment in the agricultural sector, which in turn will affect the level of rural poverty. The methodology used in this study uses a panel data regression model with a recursive equation model. The best model for unemployment estimation is the random effect model, while the best model for poverty estimation is the fixed effect model. The results showed that the daily wage

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Chik, Nicholas. "Nativism and the Civil War: The Impact of the Emancipation of Slaves on American Immigration." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, no. 1 (2023): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/2022292.

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The emancipation of enslaved people after the Civil War dramatically altered the perception of immigrants in the United States. This paper explores legal and social changes that took place in America after the Reconstruction period and analyzes the effect of those changes by comparing the treatment of the Irish in the mid-19th century with that of immigrants who arrived later in the century. It focuses on three main topics: the evolution of immigration laws, the rising popularity of post-war pseudo-scientific theories on race in the late 19th century, and immigrant groups assimilation rates. T

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Putra, Tegar Islami. "The Analysis of the Legal Protection of Ship's Crew in Sea Work Agreement in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 5, no. 2 (2023): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v5i2.75367.

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This article aims to analyze the welfare of crew members in the context of legal protection, which is reviewed in more detail from the perspective of the implementation of the maritime employment agreement in Indonesia. This is based on the poor execution of marine employment agreements in Indonesia and should pay more attention to the welfare of crew members. This research will be prepared using normative juridical research (legal research), which is research focused on examining the application of rules or norms in positive law in Indonesia. The assessment process is carried out by analyzing

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Putra, Tegar Islami. "The Analysis of the Legal Protection of Ship's Crew in Sea Work Agreement in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 5, no. 2 (2023): 181–206. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v5i2.29921.

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This article aims to analyze the welfare of crew members in the context of legal protection, which is reviewed in more detail from the perspective of the implementation of the maritime employment agreement in Indonesia. This is based on the poor execution of marine employment agreements in Indonesia and should pay more attention to the welfare of crew members. This research will be prepared using normative juridical research (legal research), which is research focused on examining the application of rules or norms in positive law in Indonesia. The assessment process is carried out by analyzing

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Safiuddin, Mohammed. "Environmental Sustainability in Gated Communities." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (2024): 1889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63418.

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Abstract: Gated communities are residential areas with restricted access in which normally public spaces privatized. They are security developments with designated perimeters, usually walls or fences, and controlled entrances that are intended to prevent penetration by non-residents. They include new developments and older areas retrofitted with gates and fences, and they are found from the inner cities to the exurbs and from the richest neighborhood to the poorest. Many gated communities are being developed all over the world for providing housing facilities which often presents a unsustainab

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Croft, Julie, Emily Farrow, Alexandra Harriet Coxon-Meggy, et al. "Pathway Of Low Anterior Resection syndrome (LARS) relief after Surgery (POLARiS): protocol for an international, open-label, multi-arm, phase 3 randomised superiority trial within a cohort, with economic evaluation, process evaluation and qualitative sub-study, to explore the natural history of LARS and compare transanal irrigation and sacral neuromodulation to optimised conservative management for people with major LARS following a high or low anterior resection for colorectal cancer." BMJ Open 15, no. 2 (2025): e092612. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092612.

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Introduction As a result of improving survival rates, the adverse consequences of rectal cancer surgery are becoming increasingly recognised. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is one such consequence and describes a constellation of bowel symptoms after rectal cancer surgery which includes urgency, faecal incontinence, stool clustering and incomplete evacuation. LARS has a significant adverse impact on quality of life (QoL) and symptoms are present in up to 75% of patients in the first year after surgery. Despite this, little is known about the natural history and there is poor evidence t

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Koch, Jana, Brooke Brady, and Kaarin Anstey. "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN OBJECTIVE HEARING FUNCTION AND SUBJECTIVE VIEWS OF AGING." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 1015. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3267.

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Abstract Subjective views of aging have been associated with positive health-promoting behaviours and well-being. While age-related changes are considered fundamental to views of aging, the role of declining hearing function in shaping these age views remains a largely unexplored area. Within the scope of this study, we hypothesized that poor hearing function would contribute to less favorable views of aging, as measured on multiple related constructs. Data were obtained from the app-based, longitudinal ‘Labs without Walls’ study, including 184 participants with a mean age of 55.6 years (17.1

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ПЕТРОВСКАЯ, Н. Е. "WAGE INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 9(158) (November 18, 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.158.09.005.

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Оплата труда в США является одним из наиболее важных аспектов экономической системы страны и представляет собой значительный интерес для исследования. Настоящая научная статья имеет целью проанализировать факторы, влияющие на оплату труда в США и выявить тенденции в данной области. Статья основывается на анализе статистических данных американских первоисточников (Бюро переписи населения, Бюро трудовой статистики Министерства труда США). В статье рассмотрены основные законы, влияющие на вопросы оплаты труда в США, минимальная оплата труда, влияние профсоюзов, гендерный разрыв в оплате труда, ра

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Phillips, Margaret B. "A Hedgehog Proposal." Crime & Delinquency 37, no. 4 (1991): 555–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128791037004009.

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Some scientists have described physiologically harmful effects of stress among populations living a marginal existence, effects which are linked to a perception of powerlessness and a present-oriented failure to plan actively for the future. These general tendencies resemble characteristics of criminal offenders, leading to an hypothesis that overwhelming stress from poverty and powerlessness can create irresponsibility-a failure to take into account the consequences of one's acts-conducive to criminal acts. Mechanisms to encourage responsibility entail enabling empowerment (example: jobs at l

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Noopur Shukla, Kiran. "READINESS OF RURAL INDIA FOR ONLINE EDUCATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15835.

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India is a developing country with a large population living below the poverty line in villages. Rural India still lags behind in important modern facilities like high speed internet connectivity, 24 hours power supply and devices necessary for digital transactions. This study was undertaken to explore the availability of services and devices needed for online education. A self made questionnaire was used to collect data.100 families from two villages, near Manauri, located at 20 km away from headquarter of Prayagraj district were the participants. The questionnaire collected information regar

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Jamshed, Farhat, Afzaal Afzal, and Muhammad Arshad. "Socio-Economic Problems of Agricultural Laborers in Punjab (Pakistan)." Journal of Asian Development Studies 13, no. 1 (2024): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.1.79.

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The development of the agriculture sector is one of the most imperative factors for fulfilling basic human needs, alleviating poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and becoming a significant contributor to national development for most developing countries. Over one billion of the world's labour force is engaged directly and indirectly in this sector, one-third of the world's workforce. Unfortunately, the laborers working in the agriculture sector face multidimensional socioeconomic problems such as poor livelihood conditions, meagre employment circumstances, long working hours, fewer rewards,

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Priddel, David, and Robert Wheeler. "An experimental translocation of brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata) to western New South Wales." Wildlife Research 31, no. 4 (2004): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03050.

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A total of 85 brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata) from Western Australia and two sites in South Australia were translocated to Yathong Nature Reserve (YNR) in western New South Wales in October 2001. Aerial baiting to control the introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) had been undertaken on YNR since 1996. Thirty-one bettongs were fitted with radio-transmitters at the time of release, and two subsequently. Trapping took place at irregular intervals after the translocation. In all, 73% of telemetered bettongs died within the first six months; all were dead within 13 months. Eight bettongs

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Wani, Nelson Waru. "Impact of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment on Child Labor; Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries." International Journal of Science and Business 4, no. 8 (2020): 127–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4289906.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment on Child Labor; Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa countries using a panel data from 1990 to 2017 for 32 countries. Using Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) as the main estimating technique with robustness checks using two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis to address the endogeneity that could cause the direction of the bias to be either positive or negative. This paper seeks to examine the underlying link between FDI, Trade Openness and child labor, which suggest essential implicati

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Wardani, Susilo, and Ari Hernawan. "Legal Arrangement for Household Workers: A Case Study of Plasma Fake Eyelashes Industry in Labor Law Perspective." Varia Justicia 17, no. 1 (2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v17i1.3849.

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This study analyzes legal protection for domestic workers in the plasma fake eyelashes industry in Kabupaten Purbalingga from a labor law perspective. The method used in this study is juridical empirical. The data used in this study consisted of primary data, secondary data. Primary data were obtained from a field study conducted in Bojongsari District and the plasma fake eyelashes industry in Purbalingga Regency. Secondary data is obtained from primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations relevant to the topic under study. According to the employment law, the research result sh

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