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1
Rodgers, Sarajane. "Sickle Cell in a Poor Community in Haiti: Attention, Emotion, and Sleep." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1630010942065029.
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Straub, Gerard Thomas 1947. "From Hollywood to Haiti: A filmmaker's journey with the poor." The Church in the 21st Century Center at Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104037.
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Award-winning author and producer of General Hospital, Gerry Straub, shares his personal journey from being a renowned network producer to producing films that foster compassion for those who suffer from hunger and injustice
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Smiddie, Kyle Edward Amoriya. "Laundromat politics why don't poor people participate in politics? /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/723.
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Medastin, Jean Jacques. "Case Study of Access to Higher Education Through Technology in the Resource-Poor Country of Haiti." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2498.
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According to the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (2012-2013), access to higher education is limited in most of the developing countries due to inadequate budgets and lack of schools and teaching staff. The use of educational technology could help bridge the gap, but research has only explored the use of available technologies to enhance learning where higher education is already accessible. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the use of one-to-many videoconferencing as an education access tool for high school seniors seeking higher education in the most devastated areas of Haiti. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Bandura's social learning theory, activity theory, and constructivist epistemology. This study attempts to explore the feasibility of using one-to-many videoconferencing learning to enhance access to education in Haiti. The study also analyzes the experiences of various sets of participants. The data were drawn from 13 interviews involving the school principal, the school's technology expert, 10 students, and one instructor corroborated by hours spent observing the same participants engaged in classroom activities via videoconferencing. The participants were interviewed on their experiences with the new delivery method proposed and utilized in the study. The data from this study suggest that by preserving the features of the familiar classroom model, videoconferencing could be successfully utilized to compensate for the lack of other facilities for higher education. The data was coded and analyzed using the NVivo data analysis software. The study will allow Haitian professionals living outside of the country to affect change in access to higher learning in Haiti.
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Theuri, Emma Wanjiru. "The relevance of education to the socioeconomic development needs of rural people : the case of Kenya /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841190.
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Albor, Christo. "Are poor people healthier in rich or poor areas? : the psychosocial effects of socioeconomic incongruity in the neighbourhood." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1595/.
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This thesis contributes to the understanding of how health is affected by the interaction between neighbourhood and individual socioeconomic status. It has been found that residents in high status neighbourhoods are healthier than those in low status neighbourhoods, controlling for individual status. Here it is hypothesised that such an association may not be found amongst low status individuals, because such individuals may have more detrimental psychosocial exposures in high status neighbourhoods than in low status neighbourhoods. For low status individuals, these detrimental psychosocial exposures, such as lacking social support and frequent status comparisons, may counteract positive material exposures in high status neighbourhoods. To test this hypothesis, three studies were conducted in this thesis. The first is an analysis of the difference in the association between neighbourhood status and health across individuals of different socioeconomic status, using a sample of mothers from England in the Millennium Cohort Study. The second study is similar and uses the same dataset, but instead of health, psychosocial factors were analysed. The third study, specific to London, uses data from the 2001 census to investigate the health impact of living in a low status city block within a wider neighbourhood of high status. In the first two studies, it was found that the positive association between neighbourhood status and health is weakest amongst the lowest status mothers, and whilst high status mothers were most likely to lack local friends and be depressed in low status neighbourhoods, there was an indication that in certain contexts the lowest status mothers were most likely to lack local friends and be depressed in high status neighbourhoods. In the third study, it was found that low status city blocks within high status neighbourhoods were more likely to have poor average health than those within low status neighbourhoods.
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Mena, VaÌzquez JesuÌs. "Expanding the horizons of poor people : the importance of economic security." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442352.
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Greenlee, Richard Wesley. "And yet they are poor : a naturalistic study of rural poverty and the working poor people of Appalachian Ohio." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261051604.
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Felix, Geralda. "Rural Haitian Women's Experiences With Poor Health Through Poverty." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3987.
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People living in rural Haiti lack access to basic health care services due to poverty. Rural poverty in Haiti particularly affects women's health because Haiti has had the highest maternal mortality and infant mortality rates in the Americas, in addition to some of the worst health statistics in the Western Hemisphere. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to cultivate a greater understanding of the poverty factors that affect access to health care services specifically among poor women living in rural Haiti. This study was based on the social ecological model for population health development, theorizing that a person's health is influenced by factors at multiple levels including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and public policy and community roles. The main research question in this study explored potential relationships between poverty and poor health among women in rural Haiti as it relates to health status and access to health care services. Using semi structured interviews and Moustakas's modified van Kaam 7 steps method for phenomenological analysis, I explored the poverty phenomenon and various aspects of the lived experiences of 12 poor women in rural Haiti. The research findings indicated that factors such as barriers to health care, alternative health care, and poor living conditions contributed to the way that the poverty phenomenon affects the health and lives of poor rural Haitian women. The social change implication for this study includes development of new programs in rural Haiti that improve access to basic health care services together with more accessible clinics and staff on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week that will positively influence women's health outcomes and health status.
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Dimmett, Deborah Lynn. "Sunlight Upon a Dark Sky - Haiti's Urban Poor Responds to Socio-Political and Socio-Cultural Conflicts: A Case Study of the Grande Ravine Community Human Rights Council." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195664.
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This case study investigates the organizational characteristics of a Haitiangrassroots community human rights council (CHRC) that emerged as a response to threepolitically motivated massacres. The impromptu grassroots response of this poor urbancommunity is at the core of the following research question investigated in this study:What organizational characteristics influence the efforts made by the Grande RavineCommunity Human Rights Council to resolve socio-cultural and socio-political conflicts?One of the problems encountered was the suspicion by armed groups believing that thepresident of the organization was informing the police and the United Nationspeacekeepers about their activities. The complex dynamics of the Grande Ravineneighborhood lead to additional questions about building community capacity. Thisraised the possibility of removing the CHRC as an organization that monitors humanrights and expanding its role to include teaching about human rights and theresponsibilities that go with protecting them. A question for further study would bewhether or not a community-based human rights group can make a positive difference inresolving and diminishing socio-cultural and socio-political conflicts in similarneighborhoods.
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Segwape, Kgosi Solomon. "Pastoral care to people stricken by poverty." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212005-114145/.
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Burgess, Ruth A. "Expanding self-direction in services for the aged and people with disabilities." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=382.
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Serrano, Berthet Rodrigo. "Why do poor people demand accountability from some participatory programs and not others?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34166.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-170).
There is a consensus that citizen oversight, or the capacity of citizens to demand accountability, over government programs improves program performance. Yet little is known about the conditions that enable citizens/beneficiaries to demand accountability. This dissertation approaches this void in the literature by comparing two Community Driven Development (CDD) programs in Argentina and asking the question of why beneficiary oversight was higher in one program than in the other and why, within the same program, it was higher in some provinces than in others. The main conclusions are: (i) for beneficiary oversight to work at the project level (i.e., for beneficiaries to be able to control subcontracted providers of technical assistance) it was not sufficient to have accountability mechanisms at that level (in this case being able to hire and fire providers); (ii) due to asymmetries of technical knowledge and power between beneficiaries and providers, the former depended on the support of program staff willing to level out these asymmetries; (iii) given a highly politicized context, ensuring that program staff supported beneficiaries at the project level required having beneficiary oversight at the program governance level; in the program where this did not happen, patronage and clientelism took over the program, distorted its participatory nature and led to its collapse;
(cont.) (iv) when beneficiary oversight took place at the program governance level it was due to (a) the program's commitment to support the consolidation of beneficiaries as a political actor capable of interacting with government, which expressed through (b) the creation of institutional mechanisms for program governance oversight that provided access to information about the program's performance, (c) the strengthening of supra-local networks at the national, provincial, and local level which increased beneficiaries' capacity for collective action and leverage; and (d) the construction of the program as part of the beneficiaries identity, which motivated them to mobilize to defend the program. (v) Intra program variation (across provinces) in beneficiary oversight was related to the capacity of state and civil society actors to resolve successfully the tensions involved in relations of critical collaboration (i.e., relations where actors need to collaborate with each other while remaining critical and vigilant of maintaining their autonomy).
by Rodrigo Serrano-Berthet.
Ph.D.
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Tam, Man-hin Cecilia. "Understanding disability and poor self-rated health can disability be compressed to achieve healthy aging? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42997768.
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Siddique, Abu Bakar. "Exploring the possibility of a people centred development (PCD) process in Rajoir Thana in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314250.
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Barker-Read, Mary. "The treatment of the aged poor in five selected west Kent parishes from settlement to Speenhamland (1662-1797)." n.p, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Xu, Jing, and 徐静. "Resource and agency: understanding the life experiences of elderly people living in poverty in Beijing, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46287176.
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Alon, Gal. "The political exclusion of poor people in Britain and Israel : the poverty of democracy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/837/.
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Democracy purports to accurately reflect the choices of the general public. It is justly credited with the creation and expansion of modern mechanisms of redistribution. Yet, in recent decades it appears to have become more of an inhibitor than a catalyst in the pursuit of an equitable society. Those treated most unequally were not bystanders. Both in Britain and Israel, roughly two fifths of them did not support the expansion of the welfare state. This thesis shows their engagement with politics was often different than others. It observes the dynamics in a three-force triangle consisting of poor people, democracy and the welfare state. Even though historically this Triangle fuelled the movement towards progressive redistribution, the findings suggest it is no longer the pivotal engine to mitigate market inequalities. The principal beneficiaries of welfare appear to be incapable of mobilising democracy to expand it. The research indicates that poor people were alarmingly uncommitted to democracy and/or the welfare state. Although these institutions underpinned their social and political rights, many barely recognised how they serve their interests. In addition, the poor could not identify themselves as a collective, were more vulnerable to fallacies, emotions and traditions, and tended to prioritise other policy domains. This thesis challenges the operational definitions of political exclusion and illuminates the need to scrutinise and theorise the political behaviour of the underprivileged electorate. Policy-wise, a new strategy is required to revive relationships between poor people, democracies and welfare states. We should be looking at active and inclusive institutional mechanisms rather than technical solutions of postal or compulsory voting.
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Kramer, Michael. "Making money with poor people the business strategies of foreign retail companies in China /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02607679002/$FILE/02607679002.pdf.
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Coirolo, Cristina. "Climate change and livelihoods in Northwest Bangladesh : vulnerability and adaptation among extremely poor people." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45225/.
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Van, Wijnendaele Barbara. "Power, emotions and embodied knowledges : doing PAR with poor young people in El Salvador." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11238.
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From March 2006 until March 2008 I worked and did research with young people in El Salvador. I coordinated a local youth participation project in the capital, where, at the same time, I conducted fieldwork for my PhD research. The youth project aimed at empowering young people through participatory action research (PAR) and, together with the young participants, I critically reflected on the empowering impact of this participatory process. While participatory researchers and practitioners traditionally stress the importance of critical consciousness and critical discourse as the principal motors for individual and social transformation, my research with the young people particularly confronted me with the power of emotions and embodied knowledges. This research focuses in particular on the politics of emotions; their role in confirming exclusion and oppression and in facilitating empowerment and resistance. In this thesis, I bring together different bodies of theory. I start from the critical literature on PAR and from a poststructuralist account of power and empowerment. I build on an understanding of emotions as socio-culturally constructed and, at the same time, as deeply embodied phenomena. I look into emotional geographies considering emotions as relational and as always functioning within power relations and I use non-representational theory to challenge the privilege of cognition by focussing on practical and embodied knowledges and explicitly recognising their political and empowering potential. I conclude that although participatory researchers have increasingly extended and refined their understanding of power and empowerment, they still focus too much on critical reflection, discourse and conscious/linguistic representation as key to personal and social change. This focus has distracted their attention from the way power works through emotions and embodied knowledges. I believe that participatory researchers should become more sensitive still to the subtleties of power by paying more explicit attention to how emotions and embodied knowledges function within power relations to reproduce or challenge the existing status quo. Such a focus also opens new doors to new ways of empowerment (and politics) by considering alternative methods and media directly engaging with the power of emotions and embodied knowledges to shape the social world.
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Perrin, Georges. "A Comparative Analysis of the Attitudes towards People Living with HIV/AIDS between Haiti and the Dominican Republic." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/87.
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BACKGROUND: HIV-related stigmatizing attitudes are persistent concerns in developing countries and have been shown to fuel the spread of the epidemics. The purpose of this study is to provide a comparative analysis between Haiti and the Dominican Republic in regards to the population’s attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Demographic Health Surveys involving 15,715 Haitians and 55,170 Dominicans from 2005 to 2007 were used. A score of attitudes was established from six items such as the willingness to care for infected relatives, the willingness to buy vegetables from an HIV infected vendor, the perception that HIV patients should be ashamed of themselves, the agreement to blame and force them to keep their serostatus secret and finally the agreement to allow infected teachers to continue their jobs. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses of selected socio-demographic variables were obtained by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
RESULTS: Logistic regression models showed that female Dominicans and male Haitians, respondents of higher socio-economic status and with more accurate HIV-related beliefs were significantly more tolerant towards PLWHA (p<.001). Furthermore, the Dominican Republic’s data analysis suggested that those aged between 30 and 44 years old, living in urban areas and married expressed more tolerance for the HIV- infected individuals. Overall, the attitudes and beliefs of the Haitians adjusted for socio-demographic variables did not differ markedly from the Dominicans.
CONCLUSION: The attitudes towards PLWHA seem to be associated with the nature of the HIV-related beliefs in some vulnerable groups. The findings of this study should guide the design of appropriate programs aimed at the education of targeted populations.
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Mohd, Ramli Rafiq H. (Rafiq Hidayat) 1980. "Designing and building a peanut-shelling machine to help people in third world countries such as Ghana/Haiti." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32778.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, February 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 19).
A peanut shelling machine was designed and built to help improve the standard of living of people in third world countries such as Ghana and Haiti. Two prototypes were built to test the concept of using a wheel as a peanut sheller. Peanuts would go through a gap between a spinning wheel and a hard friction channel and come out on the other side fully shelled. The peanut sheller was powered using a crank. Second prototype was built after the concept of the spinning wheel worked after: testing the first prototype. Peanuts were shelled without breaking the kernels however a separator mechanism still needs to be built to separate the kernels from the shells.
by Rafiq H. Mohd Ramli.
S.B.
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Ameen, Shahidul. "Housing for the lower income people of Dhaka, Bangladesh : a pen-urban developent approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/349.
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The city of Dhaka has grown from a population of half a million to four million in 30 years. As the housing supply has failed to keep abreast of this growth, there is now serious overcrowding in a rapidly deteriorating housing stock. The topography of the city, being surrounded by low lying land liable to flooding, is a serious constraint to growth. The lower income group has been increasingly forced to occupy peripheral, often low-lying land. This thesis examines the housing conditions of the lower income people to be found in pen urban areas of Dhaka; a survey has been carried out of 424 households in three areas of Mirpur, Hazaribag and Jurain and then analyzed with computer. Through an analysis of the current housing stock and the socio-economic characteristics of the inhabitants, the afforbility of future housing options is assessed, with respect to the requirements of reclaiming land liable to flooding and the current speculation in land suitable for development purposes; the response of the dwellers is also examined to ensure their participation in the incremental developments of their units.
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Gourley, Bernard. "Playing a poor hand well : weak actors face the Russian war machine." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30659.
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Cherrington, Andrea. "Phychosocial predictors of poor health related quality of life in people with coronary heart disease." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499921.
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Shahriar, Ambreen. "Making a better life : the stories of people from poor rural backgrounds in Sindh, Pakistan." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2013. http://research.gold.ac.uk/9459/.
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This study analyses the stories of young people, both male and female, from rural and economically weak backgrounds. Participants in the present study come from the province of Sindh, Pakistan, and Sindhi is their first language. The data consist of the narratives of their lives. They deal with their attitudes and behaviours, actions and struggles, hurdles and hardships, expectations and desires. The participants talked about their family, home, village, surroundings, socio-economic problems, etc. My participants struggled to make ends meet economically and worked hard to improve their social position and that of their families. This study tries to interpret the observations of the interviews in terms of the theories and categories of Pierre Bourdieu (cultural, social, and symbolic capital; habitus, field, symbolic violence, practice, etc) and treats them as evidence of these theories. Symbolic Interactionism was used to interpret small-world lives of one-to-one interaction of individuals with individuals and artefacts and their roles. Narrative Analysis was applied to stories taken from two interviews. I investigated how young people from poor rural backgrounds progressed towards a better standard of living. The socio-economic position of my participants in the social structures of their native villages hindered or facilitated their progress towards their goals. By interacting with people and artefacts in their environment, my participants managed to improve their standing in wider society. By getting an education, they found a way to cope with their day-to-day problems. But they were hindered in these attempts by the restrictions inherent in the existing social structures. This study found that my participants had to overcome obstacles which were so great that many other people from the same background never succeeded in doing so. This study is an attempt to look at their lives and the world at large through their eyes.
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Dam, Rinita. "The experiences and livelihood strategies of poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Kolkata, India." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4357/.
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The international literature, policy and action up to now have concentrated predominantly on the prevention and treatment aspects of HIV/AIDS, often neglecting the support and care that poor people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) require. The current study addresses this gap by exploring a group of poor PLHAs’ own perceptions of their experience of living with and seeking treatment for HIV/AIDS, the adequacy of the health care services they are able to access and the support programmes for PLHA provided by NGOs and other not-for-profit organisations in the context of Kolkata - one of the largest metropolitan cities in India. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 59 men and women from Kolkata, India. The study reveals that in the case of HIV/AIDS, it is necessary to divide the post-symptomatic phase into pre and post-diagnosis stages, because it emerged that many PLHA had experienced serious delays in obtaining an accurate diagnosis, resulting in the loss of their existing assets, further impoverishing many at an early stage of the illness trajectory. People’s ability to mobilise additional labour assets within their households to ‘earn money in new ways’ and the characteristics of their ‘household relations’ emerged as key explanations of how well households fared during the post-diagnosis phase.
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Alexander, Kenneth Cooper. "Developing and Sustaining Political Citizenship for Poor and Marginalized People: The Evelyn T. Butts Story." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1566483543046846.
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Tam, Man-hin Cecilia, and 談文憲. "Understanding disability and poor self-rated health: can disability be compressed to achieve healthy aging?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42997768.
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Razzak, Md Abdur. "The role of micro credit in life status improvement process of rural poor people in Bangladesh." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15490.
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Background Bangladesh is a developing country located in the southern part of Asia. Almost eighty percent of the total population of Bangladesh lives in rural areas and most of them are poor. These poor people are not qualified to get loan facilities from the formal financial sector due to the collateral requirements. And informal financial sector also make them unattractive due to their tendency of higher profit making. Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank jointly awarded Nobel Peace Prize 2006 for the creation of innovative credit idea called “micro credit” for the poor people who are ignored both from the formal and informal financial sector. Micro credit has been introduced in Bangladesh in 1976 that allows the poor people to get small amount capital as loan without collateral for starting self income generating activities with the objective of alleviate their poverty level and gradually improve their life status. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the role of micro credit in rural poor people daily life status improvement process in rural areas in Bangladesh. This study investigates the role of micro on life status improvement process of these poor borrowers. Method The qualitative method has been chosen for this study which is implemented in the form of interview approach. Empirical data has been collected from the Grameen Bank borrowers and its official in Bangladesh. Results This study tried to cover how micro credit allows the poor people in financial access, how can affect their income level by starting self income generating activities, asset holdings capacity, basic needs, living standard, poverty level and finally on their life status. This study also covers how social welfare and other services offered by the micro finance institutions affect the poor people’s life status. Based on the empirical findings, this study suggests that micro credit has positive impact on borrowers’ income level, asset holdings capacity, basic needs, living standard and their poverty level. Social welfare services can increase human capital skills, personal awareness level of the poor borrowers. And finally all these things gradually improve the daily life status of these borrowers.
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Joseph, Celucien. "Faith, hope, and the poor : the theological ideas and moral vision of Jean-Bertrand Aristide." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59321.
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The objective of this research is to examine the theological ideas and moral vision of Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and to explore how his theology (and theological hermeneutics and ethics) has influenced his politics of solidarity and social activism on behalf of the oppressed and the poor in Haiti in particular, and the wretched of the earth, in general. Through the use of the postcolonial, decolonial, and Liberation Theology paradigms as hermeneutical and theoretical methods of investigation, the project seeks to answer a threefold question: what is the relationship between theology and social activism and transformation in the thought and writings of Jean-Bertrand Aristide? What is the place and function of the community of faith, the poor, the oppressed, hope, and human liberation in the political theology of Jean-Bertrand Aristide? What is the place of (defensive) violence in Aristide’s theology? Our goal in this scholarly investigation is an attempt to provide an answer to these daunting questions above and to explore more fully and intelligently the theology of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
This present study considers Aristide’s democratic and social justice projects and theological reflections and theological intersections in the disciplines of theological anthropology, theological ethics, and political theology, as he himself engages all four simultaneously. The doctoral thesis locates Aristide’s thought and writings within Black intellectual tradition both in continental Africa and the African Diaspora. It establishes shared intellectual ideas and parallelisms, and strong ideological connections between Aristide and Black theologians and thinkers in both continental Africa and the African Diaspora. On one hand, Aristide’s intellectual ideas and political activism should be understood in the context of the struggle for democracy in Haiti; on the other hand, it is suggested the intellectual articulations and propositions of these Black and African thinkers aim at a common vision: the project to make our world new toward the common good.
While we do not undermine the problem of violence in Aristide’s theology and political program in the context of Haitian history, the doctoral thesis argues that Aristide’s theological anthropology is a theology of reciprocity and mutuality, and correspondingly, his theological ethics is grounded in the theory of radical interactionality, interconnectedness, and interdependence, and the South African humanism of Ubuntu. It also contends that Aristide’s promotion of a theology of popular violence and aggression in the Haitian society should be understood as a cathartic mechanism and defensive violence aimed at defending the Haitian masses against the Duvalier regime and their oppressors.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
PhD
Unrestricted
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Hairston, Jason LaGarde. "Analyzing the experiences and perceptions of students from a background of generational poverty who have successfully completed a bachelor's degree program /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136415.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-238). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Menatsi, Richard. "The concept of "the people" in liberation theology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015654.
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The concept of "the people" has become a key concept within the work of several Latin American theologians, Korean Minjung theologians and South African theologians. When liberation theologians use the concept of "the people" in their literature they do so with a lack of clarity, to the extent that the exact meaning of the term is obscure. In their usage of the concept "the people" liberation theologians come up with differing and at times contradictory meanings, particularly as regards the concrete and symbolic meanings of the concept. This thesis sets out to investigate the use of the concept "the people" by liberation theologians by consulting a selection from Latin American theology, Korean Minjung theology, South African liberation theology and Marxism, to detect its influence on the use of this notion. A general overview of the thesis indicates the following. The first chapter provides a detailed analysis of the concept of "the people" in the work of different liberation theologians. Chapter two considers "the people" in relation to poverty and oppression. The third chapter deals with "the people" as subjects of history. In the fourth chapter "the people" as a concept is developed in relation to belief within the Christian church. The final chapter is an evaluation. The thesis reveals that the following characteristics are central to "the people", they are poor and oppressed but are also inclusive of all those persons who identify and actively support the struggle against poverty and oppression. "The people" are subjects of their own history, finally they are Christian believers.
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Kumwenda, Khalikapo Morton. "Factors associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Zomba district, Malawi." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5365.
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Magister Public Health - MPHThe introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) brought new hope to HIV patients as it has transformed a fatal disease to a chronic manageable condition. In 2009 there were over 920,000 Malawians infected with HIV and 110,000 new infections. Malawi like other countries in the sub-Saharan Africa has made great strides in ensuring access to ART. The government of Malawi introduced free antiretroviral therapy (ART) in June 2004. By 2010, a total of 250,987 patients in the country were receiving ART. The success of ART requires, amongst others, a sustained adherence rate to medication of more than 95% to prevent viral replication and the development of drug resistant HIV strains. Identifying the factors that influence adherence is essential for the long-term success of public ART programmes. This study explored patient, socio-economic, cultural, and religious and health systems factors that influence adherence to ART in Zomba district in Malawi. An explorative qualitative study was conducted amongst ART patients and health workers in four health facilities in Zomba district of the Southern Region of Malawi. Data collection was through individual in-depth interviews with 25 ART patients and semi-structured key informant interviews with 13 health workers that were actively involved in the ART programme. Data was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic and content analysis of transcribed data was done. The study found high individual commitment, having social support from family and friends and continuous good counselling to be facilitators to adherence to ART. HIV-related stigma and discrimination, none disclosure of HIV status, lack of partner support, travelling to attend funerals and religious beliefs were noted barriers to adherence. Health system factors such as congestion in the clinic, negative staff attitudes and a lack of privacy at the pharmacy were also identified as barriers to clinic attendance and keeping appointments. Although pill burden was not mentioned, patients reported drug reactions as a barrier to adherence. Although there is good road network in the district, transport cost was still mentioned as a hindrance to treatment adherence. Treatment success was reported to be both a facilitator and a barrier to adherence. HIV-related stigma and discrimination among people need to be addressed to increase support to PLWHIV and encourage disclosure of HIV status. The improvement of the socio-economic status of ART patients needs to be addressed to reduce dependence on support from other people and provide money to make follow-up appointments. The health systems need to reduce clinic congestion and waiting times so that patients are not deterred from accessing ART.
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Van, Deventer Wilhelm Visser. "Poverty and a practical ministry of liberation and development within the context of the traditional Venda concept of man." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2394.
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Poswa, Thabisa. "Utilization of community work to empower poor families." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50218.
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Thesis (MSocialWork)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As poverty is becoming a growing concern in South Africa, poor families should not be seen as service recipients but more concern should be directed to their empowerment. Community work is an essential method to utilize for the empowerment of poor families since it involves working with people from individual up to community level. The Department of Social Development does not have guidelines based on the utilization of community work; as a result this method is not utilized to its full potential. The purpose of the study was to formulate guidelines on the utilization of community work on the family level. In order to achieve this aim, the objectives of this study, which mainly focused on describing the socio-economic circumstances of the poor families and the utilization of community work, were explored. An exploratory study was utilized in order to achieve the stated goal and objectives. The population for the study consisted of practicing social workers in the Department of Social Development. Purposive sample was used. The research methodology was a quantitative design with a data collection instrument being in the form of a questionnaire. To be able to gain insight about the utilization of community work, the questionnaire consisted of both closed and open-ended questions. Literature review enabled the researcher to compile a questionnaire. The empirical study focused on the knowledge and skills of social workers in utilizing community work. In addition, data was obtained on the community work process as a main procedure to follow when implementing community work. Despite the respondents' theoretical knowledge of community work, it was concluded that community work is utilized at a minimal level. The most utilized social work method by the respondents is casework. The reason for the lack of community work practice is based on the fact that the Department of Social Development does not have guidelines with regards to community work. It was recommended that the Department of Social Development should formulate a new regulation that will oblige the social workers to practice community work. In-service training should be held quarterly. Supervision should be offered regularly. Relevant qualification and extensive social work experience should be considered as a minimum requirement for managerial positions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel armoede 'n al groter probleem in Suid-Afrika raak, behoort arm gesinne in 'n toenemende mate nie net slegs as ontvangers van dienste beskou word nie, maar moet ook aandag geskenk word aan hulle bemagtiging. Aangesien gemeenskapswerk betrokke is by die persoon sowel as die persoon in die gemeenskap, kan dit beskou word as die aangewese metode om arm gesinne te bemagtig. Die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling beskik oor geen riglyne vir die aanwending van gemeenskapswerk nie en gevolglik word die metode nie ten volle benut nie. Die studie het ten doel om riglyne vir die implementering van gemeenskapwerk op die vlak van die gesin te formuleer. Derhalwe word die klem op die beskrywing van die sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede van arm gesinne en die gebruik van gemeenskapswerk as metodiek geplaas. 'n Verkennende studie is gebruik om die navorsingsoogmerke te bereik. Respondente vir die studie was praktiserende maatskaplike werkers in diens van die Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling. 'n Doelbewuste steekproef is benut. Daar is hoofsaaklik op kwantitatiewe navorsing gefokus en inligting is deur middel van vraelyste ingewin. Ten einde insig te ontwikkel in die gebruik van gemeenskapswerk is beide oop en geslote vrae gebruik. Die literatuurstudie het die navorser in staat gestel om die vraelys saam te stel. Die empiriese studie was gerig op die kennis en vaardighede waaroor gemeenskapswerkers beskik en hoe dit geïmplementeer word. Addisionele empiriese inligting is ook ten opsigte van die proses van gemeenskapswerk verkry. Dit het aan die lig gekom dat ten spyte van voldoende teoretiese kennis van gemeenskapswerk die metode minimaal gebruik word. Gevallewerk word steeds die meeste tydens intervensie aangewend. 'n Gebrek aan riglyne vir die gebruik van gemeenskapswerk, word as die rede waarom gemeenskapswerk nie implementeer word nie, aangevoer. Dit word aanbeveel dat die Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling regulasies vir die uitvoering van dienste deur middel van die gemeenskapswerk metode moet instel. Hierdie riglyne behoort maatskaplike werkers te inspireer om die voordele van gemeenskapswerk te ondersoek en aan te wend. Indiensopleiding behoort op 'n kwartaallikse basis te geskied. Supervisie moet geredelik beskikbaar wees. Relevante kwalifikasies en uitgebreide praktykervaring as minimum vereistes vir bestuursposte sal oorweeg moet word.
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Grant, Deirdre. "Poor, black and female : an analysis of South African print media framing of people living with HIV/AIDS." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8639.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-105).Media coverage of HIV/AIDS issues influences how the public views the epidemic and people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs). This dissertation investigates how two key lwge circulation English ianguage newspapers in South Africa frame PWAs. The research examines both the content of selected print media, Sunday Times and Daily Sun, and the context in which journalists work. In relation to the latter, the study adopts a critical political economy perspective of the media which argues that political and economic constraints on media organizations in tension with human agency by journalists and editors impacts on the content of newspapers and other mass media. This thesis examines HIV/AIDS coverage from the beginning of January until the end of April 2005 through the use of content analysis. Most previous research in relation to HIV/AIDS reporting in the print media has concentrated on the poiiticization of coverage during key moments in South Africa’s HIV/AIDS history. This period was deliberately chosen to be both contemporaneous and in order to examine the routine representations of PWAs during 'ordinary times', when HIV/AIDS was not high on the political agenda. Qualitative research in the form of semi-structured in-depth interviews was also conducted with five reporters and editors in order to explore in greater detail issues relating to HIV/AIDS reporting. This research found that the print media in South Africa frames the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a gendered and racialised way. From print media reports examined, the picture painted of PWAs is usually black, female and poor. Official sources continue to dominate coverage, but PWAs are gaining a voice in news reports. The language used in these reports is becoming more positive and empowering, but is still regularly stigmatizing.
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Kgosi, Kelebogile. "Conceptualising housing as a problem for poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana : a case study of Gaborone." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54433/.
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This study explores the housing related problems and constraints faced by poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Gaborone. The study concurrently examines the housing interventions provided by the different housing providers, particularly looking into the availability, accessibility and affordability of the housing-related services in the form suitable for PPLWHA. Housing is one of the largest unmet needs among the poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Gaborone although it is a basic need. The lack of sanitary and stable housing has been key in housing and HIV/AIDS debates around the world and has been attributed with profound effects on the management of HIV/AIDS among PPLWHA. The study hinges on critical realism theory and posits that the housing problems faced by PPLWHA are not an outcome of a single cause but of a web of interacting and interconnected, social, economic, political and environmental factors apparent in Botswana. A qualitative semi-structured strategy through in-depth interviews is used in this study to explore the following: firstly, the housing problems and constraints faced by PPLWHA as well as the strategies they adopt to respond to these problems. Secondly, to gain perspectives of lands and housing policy makers as well as personnel offering housing and housing related services who were interviewed to provide a picture of the implementation of policies, programs and services intended to respond to the housing for poor people. The major conclusion of the thesis is that poverty and HIV/AIDS are interconnected and primary in the everyday life of PPLWHA, and limit their opportunity to afford and access sanitary housing. Consequently they are limited to inhabit poor and unsanitary housing environments in informal housing markets which make it difficult for them to manage their health. The study argues that the housing problems faced by PPLWHA go beyond the observable conditions of poverty and HIV/AIDS. There are other underlying structural barriers, observable and non-observable, which contribute to the housing problems faced by PPLWHA. Firstly, the lack of sanitary and affordable housing, which incorporates the issue of housing finance which is suitable for those on a low income and the poor. Secondly, limited governmental support in the regulation and control of the informal housing market for low income people, thirdly the lack of collaboration of housing organisations aimed at housing the poor and vulnerable people in the country and fourthly the social structures such as cultural norms and traditional beliefs and gender inequalities which are interconnected with HIV/AIDS and poverty which exacerbate housing problems of PPLWHA. This study recommends that if Botswana is to tackle the spread and treatment of HI V and AIDS in society, the lack of adequate housing must be addressed as a barrier to effective HIV prevention, management and care. It is crucial to address the need for stable housing for people with HIV and AIDS.
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Abraham-Talks, Sunita. "Engaging with the political : examining the interface of NGOs, Panchayati Raj institutions and poor people in two Indian states." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2329/.
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Philips, Joseph Pieter Mathijs. "Affluent in the face of poverty on what rich individuals like us should do /." Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2007. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10302331.
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Tuttle, Catherine Vaughn. "Being outside : how high and low income residents of Seattle perceive, use and value urban open space /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10808.
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Abendanon, Lucille. "Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiative." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53347.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion people in the developing world, and the urgency with which it must be addressed, is the HIPC Initiative extensive enough, deep enough or broad enough to effectively challenge worldwide poverty? Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the dissertation investigates this question by examining the divergent points of view offered by the World Bank and IMF on the one hand, and NGOs on the other as they comment on the most hotly debated issues surrounding the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative. The analysis leads us to an evaluation of the following issues: establishing debt sustainability to qualify for HIPC relief; the issue of conditionality and the use of poverty reduction strategy papers; funding the HIPC Initiative; the likelihood of HIPCs escaping the debt trap after HIPC relief; and finally, how the HIPC Initiative is contributing to attaining the Millennium Development Goals is evaluated. After probing the stances of the World Bank and IMF, and the contrasting views of NGOs the conclusions indicate that the HIPC Initiative is neither extensive, deep nor broad enough to effectively challenge poverty, or to provide indebted poor countries with a lasting escape from the burden of unsustainable debt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Inisiatief bied aan arm lande met 'n groot skuldlas, wat kwalifiseer vir hulp, die geleentheid om hul skuldverpligtings af te las in ruil vir 'n definitiewe verbintenis tot armoede-vermindering en -hervorming. Hierdie verhandeling evalueer die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief teen die agtergrond van die feit dat een derde van die wêreld se bevolking op 'n gemiddelde van een Amerikaanse Dollar per dag oorleef. Hierdie evaluering van die HIPC Inisiatief stel 'n eenvoudige vraag: Is die HIPC Inisiatief voldoende en uitgebreid genoeg om die uitdaging van wêreldwye armoede aan te spreek indien 'n mens die uiterste armoede van meer as 'n biljoen mense in ontwikkelende gebiede in ag neem, sowel as die dringendheid waarmee dit aangespreek moet word? Deur van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik te maak, ondersoek die verhandeling hierdie vraag deur uiteenlopende gesigspunte van die Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds (IMF) aan die een kant, en Nie- Regerings Orginisasies (NRO's) s'n aan die ander kant, te ondersoek aan die hand van hul kommentaar op die belangrikste kwessies oor die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief. Hierdie ontleding lei tot 'n evaluering van die volgende kwessies: bepaling van lande se potensiaal om met terugbetalings vol te hou ten einde vir hulp deur die HIPC te kwalifiseer; die kwessie van voorwaardelikheid en die gebruik van armoedeverligtingstrategieë; befondsing van die HIPC Inisiatief; die moontlikheid dat die HIPC's die skuldstrikke na toepassing van HIPC-bystand sal ontsnap; en laastens, hoe die HIPC Inisiatief se bydrae tot die bereiking van die Millenium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte geëvalueer word. Die standpunte van die Wêreld Bank en die IMF sowel as die teengestelde sienings van die NRO's word ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking toon dat dat die HIPC Insiatief nie uitgebreid, diep of breed genoeg is om armoede doeltreffend hok te slaan nie, of om skuldlastige arm lande te help om finaal van hul skuldlas te ontsnap nie.
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Israelsson, Jezzica. "In consideration of my meagre circumstances : The language of poverty as a tool for ordinary people in early modern Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294626.
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Petitions of different kinds are emerging as an increasingly used source for studies of early modern Sweden and beyond. Supplications offer historians great opportunities to examine claims coming from people of various backgrounds, and the larger complex of contemporary ideas these arguments were built on. In these documents, petitioners often bring up the issue of poverty. The purpose of the thesis has been to elucidate this language of poverty and the ideas and values behind its invocation, through studying how people described and used it in their communication with the County Administration of Uppsala between 1730 and 1734. The study has shown that statements of poverty were deployed by a large variety of people, but women were more prone to speak about it than men, especially in echelons above the peasantry. Poverty was used in several ways: to denote a subordinate relation in the social hierarchy, as an enhancer of plight or as something which was not deserved as the petitioners had fulfilled the duties expected of them. By calling themselves poor or emphasizing their blameless destitution, supplicants could ask for the County governor’s protection, try to establish themselves as deserving of help or invoke notions of Christian compassion. Behind the statements of poverty lay ideas of hierarchy and reciprocity set out in the Lutheran Table of Duties, which provided a base for the supplicants’ claims for help.
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Banda, Mutalima Irene. "Responding to the voices of poor people through microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa : an Action Research Study in Zimbabwe and Zambia." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21639/.
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Poverty reduction through microfinance is tied to the belief that access to credit enables poor people to increase business earnings and improve livelihoods. Indeed, the church has often embraced microfinance as part of its theology of social transformation. Microfinance practitioners therefore, have to prudently manage their institutions and ensure improvements in poor people’s lives- a complex combination given that livelihood changes can only be confirmed by people experiencing poverty. This action research aimed to investigate how poor people can inform microfinance practitioners for improved livelihoods. In assessing the efficacy of poor people’s voices, two initial case studies analysed and compared data from the Chinyika Community in rural Zimbabwe, which achieved food security against famine; and the COSUN women’s group of peri-urban Zambia, which was part of a community-driven microfinance initiative. In the next phase of the research, the COSUN group designed and accessed a loan. An innovative aspect of the research is the use of activity theory to frame and theorise the wider social and cultural context of microfinance dialogues and exchanges. The key finding of the research is the value of genuine ‘dialogue space’ where poor people can influence beneficial actions. However, due to limited capacity to recognise root causes of poverty, and lack of informed competence to negotiate livelihood solutions, the efficacy of poor people’s voices will be compromised even where notional dialogue space is afforded. Thus the research identified the need for community dialogue spaces characterised by: enabling contexts for individual and collective agency; structures that enable recourse; alignment of object motives towards benevolent outcomes; capacity to identify root problems; and action triggers before livelihoods deteriorate. The research also identified the need for dialogue spaces between microfinance institutions and community structures in order to respond with appropriate financial products and services that would lead to transformation. The research recommends partnerships with community institutions like the Church who can galvanise social capital and create empowering community dialogue spaces.
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Castilhos, Rodrigo Bisognin. "Subindo o morro : consumo, posição social e distinção entre famílias de classes populares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8933.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender e interpretar o papel do consumo na construção e manutenção de identidades individuais e coletivas, em famílias de pobres urbanos, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Entendendo o consumo como um processo cultural, busco compreender como indivíduos situados nos estratos mais baixos da hierarquia social brasileira se relacionam entre si e com o mundo por meio da aquisição e do uso dos mais variados bens e serviços. Para tanto, apoiei-me sobre um referencial teórico que privilegiou a interdisciplinaridade, transitando entre a Antropologia, a Sociologia e o Marketing. A opção pela etnografia, como abordagem metodológica, se deu por conta da intenção de verificar a função do consumo na lógica das relações sociais e familiares quotidianas dos pobres urbanos. Na busca pelos significados de suas práticas era preciso dar voz privilegiada aos informantes e transcender o nível do discurso. Mais que isso, o método etnográfico permitiu acessar as diferentes facetas do consumo no dia a dia dos pobres a partir de uma imersão em seu ambiente natural, promovendo uma “descrição densa” (GEERTZ, 1989) dessa realidade. Entre os bens que se mostraram importantes para o dia a dia dos indivíduos aqui pesquisados, a casa constitui-se como o lugar por excelência da família e para onde se direciona a maior parte do investimento doméstico. Os produtos eletrônicos desempenham o importante papel de colocar os indivíduos em sintonia com a sociedade de consumo, enquanto os móveis e eletrodomésticos organizam a vida doméstica e incrementam o desempenho dos papéis femininos na casa. O vestuário, por sua vez, se mostrou um importante veículo pelo qual os indivíduos mais jovens conseguem camuflar a sua identidade de pobre, que é positivamente afirmada por meio da “ética da fartura” no consumo de alimentos, a partir do qual eles buscam se afastar da necessidade e se opor, ao mesmo tempo, aos “pobres-pobres” e aos ricos. Já as marcas, possuem a função de potencializar os significados associados a cada categoria de produtos e são fonte privilegiada de informações acerca de sua qualidade. O crédito se revelou como a principal forma de aquisição de bens e como um sistema de obrigações que pode reforçar os laços de amizade entre os iguais. Na evolução de minha trajetória de pesquisa pude perceber a existência de nuances entre grupos de moradores da comunidade pesquisada, o que resultou na caracterização de três subclasses, cujas diferenças estruturais se devem, principalmente, a diferentes combinações de quantidades de Capital Econômico, Cultural e Social (BOURDIEU, 1987). De maneira geral, os resultados mostram que o consumo atua como elemento central na construção e manutenção de identidades na vida dos pobres urbanos. Contudo, em uma sociedade profundamente hierarquizada e desigual como a brasileira, o consumo não se mostrou capaz remover as históricas e cristalizadas barreiras sociais, mas se revelou um poderoso mecanismo de diferenciação intra-classes.This monograph aims to comprehend and to interpret the role of consumption in the construction and maintenance of collective and individual identities in a group of poor urban families in the city of Porto Alegre. Taking consumption as a cultural process, I try to comprehend how individuals located in the lowest stratum of Brazilian social hierarchy relate to each other and to the world by the acquisition and the usage of many goods and services. In order to achieve these goals, I have built a theoretical framework based on the disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology and Marketing. The ethnographic method was chosen because of the intention of examine the role of consumption in the logic of the day-to-day social and familiar relationships in a low income group. Thus, it was needed to give voice to the persons and try to obtain more than verbal data. Furthermore, the ethnographic method permitted to access different dimensions of consumption in the poor’s daily life through a naturalistic approach, achieving a “thick description” (GEERTZ, 1989) of this social reality. The house figured between the most important goods for these individuals, being a place for the family and to where most part of consumption investments are directed to. Electronics were found to play an important role putting people into modernity, while furniture and household appliances organize private life and enhance the mother’s role. The clothes were important vehicles to hide a negative poor identity, in the other hand, the consumption of food submitted to an “abundance ethic” were basic to affirm positively such identity, in contrast to rich and indigent people. For this community, a well-known brand is able to enhance the meanings associated to each category of products and is an important source about quality. Credit was the very way of buying goods and is seen as an obligation system capable of reinforce friendship. In the evolution of my fieldwork, I could notice the existence of nuances between groups in the researched community, which resulted in the characterization of three sub-classes based on differences in the structure of Economic, Cultural, and Social Capital (BOURDIEU, 1987). In general, the findings show that consumption is a central component in the construction and maintenance of identities in urban poor’s daily life. However, it is unable to remove the social barriers in the Brazilian society, acting as a powerful instrument of intra-class distinction.
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Tijssen, Marijn J. A., Os Jim Van, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Roselind Lieb, Katja Beesdo, Ron Mengelers, Lydia Krabbendam, and Marieke Wichers. "Evidence that bipolar disorder is the poor outcome fraction of a common developmental phenotype: an 8-year cohort study in young people." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103738.
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Background: Reported rates of bipolar syndromes are highly variable between studies because of age differences, differences in diagnostic criteria, or restriction of sampling to clinical contacts.
Method: In 1395 adolescents aged 14–17 years, DSM-IV (hypo)manic episodes (manic and hypomanic episodes combined), use of mental health care, and five ordinal subcategories representing the underlying continuous score of (hypo)manic symptoms (‘mania symptom scale’) were measured at baseline and approximately 1.5, 4 and 10 years later using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DIA-X/M-CIDI).
Results: Incidence rates (IRs) of both (hypo)manic episodes and (hypo)manic symptoms (at least one DSM-IV core symptom) were far higher (714/105 person-years and 1720/105 person-years respectively) than traditional estimates. In addition, the risk of developing (hypo)manic episodes was very low after the age of 21 years [hazard ratio (HR) 0.031, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0050–0.19], independent of childhood disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most individuals with hypomanic and manic episodes were never in care (87% and 62% respectively) and not presenting co-morbid depressive episodes (69% and 60% respectively). The probability of mental health care increased linearly with the number of symptoms on the mania symptom scale. The incidence of the bipolar categories, in particular at the level of clinical morbidity, was strongly associated with previous childhood disorders and male sex.
Conclusions: This study showed, for the first time, that experiencing (hypo)manic symptoms is a common adolescent phenomenon that infrequently predicts mental health care use. The findings suggest that the onset of bipolar disorder can be elucidated by studying the pathway from non-pathological behavioural expression to dysfunction and need for care.
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Tijssen, Marijn J. A., Os Jim Van, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Roselind Lieb, Katja Beesdo, Ron Mengelers, Lydia Krabbendam, and Marieke Wichers. "Evidence that bipolar disorder is the poor outcome fraction of a common developmental phenotype: an 8-year cohort study in young people." Cambridge University Press, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26467.
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Background: Reported rates of bipolar syndromes are highly variable between studies because of age differences, differences in diagnostic criteria, or restriction of sampling to clinical contacts.
Method: In 1395 adolescents aged 14–17 years, DSM-IV (hypo)manic episodes (manic and hypomanic episodes combined), use of mental health care, and five ordinal subcategories representing the underlying continuous score of (hypo)manic symptoms (‘mania symptom scale’) were measured at baseline and approximately 1.5, 4 and 10 years later using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DIA-X/M-CIDI).
Results: Incidence rates (IRs) of both (hypo)manic episodes and (hypo)manic symptoms (at least one DSM-IV core symptom) were far higher (714/105 person-years and 1720/105 person-years respectively) than traditional estimates. In addition, the risk of developing (hypo)manic episodes was very low after the age of 21 years [hazard ratio (HR) 0.031, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0050–0.19], independent of childhood disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most individuals with hypomanic and manic episodes were never in care (87% and 62% respectively) and not presenting co-morbid depressive episodes (69% and 60% respectively). The probability of mental health care increased linearly with the number of symptoms on the mania symptom scale. The incidence of the bipolar categories, in particular at the level of clinical morbidity, was strongly associated with previous childhood disorders and male sex.
Conclusions: This study showed, for the first time, that experiencing (hypo)manic symptoms is a common adolescent phenomenon that infrequently predicts mental health care use. The findings suggest that the onset of bipolar disorder can be elucidated by studying the pathway from non-pathological behavioural expression to dysfunction and need for care.
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Puckett, Robert Fleming. "The strange case of the landed poor : land reform laws, traditional San culture, and the continued poverty of South Africa's ‡Khomani people." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebaac8e4-d4be-462c-a035-f128101f9cbc.
Full textAbstract:
The ‡Khomani San people received lands in 1999 under the ‘restitution’ arm of South Africa’s land reform programme. Restitution laws, contained in the Restitution of Land Rights Act and the Communal Property Associations (‘CPA’) Act, seek not only to return lands to peoples dispossessed after 1913, but also to inculcate the ideals of South Africa’s dominant agro-pastoral-based society into defined, cohesive land-recipient ‘communities’. These ideals include centralised, hierarchical, representative, democratic leadership and decision-making structures that the West takes for granted. However, these concepts of control are not typically found among foraging or post-foraging peoples, who tend to base their societies on decentralised, small-group, egalitarian social structures that strongly oppose hierarchies, representation, or accumulation. Such social organisation remains intact even after these groups become settled or adopt non-hunting-and-gathering livelihoods, and today’s ‡Khomani self-identify as San, ‘Bushmen’, hunters, and indigenous people, despite their settlement and their adoption of varied livelihood strategies, including stock-farming. Among such groups, externally imposed governance structures tend to be viewed as illegitimate, and instead of the cohesion and order these centrally legislated structures seek to create, they instead engender dissent, conflict, and non-compliance. The ‡Khomani, as both a formerly scattered group of apartheid-era labourers and a cultural group of San people, have struggled with little success to plan and implement ‘development’, infrastructure, and livelihood projects on their lands and have ‘failed’ to operate the Restitution and CPA Acts’ required ‘community’ land-ownership and decision-making structures successfully. Thus, restitution has failed to bring the socio-economic improvements that the new ‡Khomani lands seemed to promise. Since 2008, however, the government has temporarily taken governance and approval authority from the ‡Khomani, which has led to the creation of smaller, behind-the-scenes governing bodies, as the ‡Khomani have begun taking the reins of power in their own ways. Such bodies, including the ‡Khomani Farmers’ Association and the Bushman Raad, have begun achieving some successes on the ‡Khomani farms in part, it is argued, because they allow the ‡Khomani to reproduce the focused, non-hierarchical, small-group structures that are more suitable to them as a non-cohesive group and more culturally appropriate to them as San people. The South African government, with appropriate protections for abuse of power, should provide the space within land reform laws to allow land-recipient groups to make decisions, govern themselves, and manage their lands according to their own community realities and their own conceptions of leadership and social organisation.
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Holness, David Roy. "Coordinating legal aid services in civil matters for indigent people in eThekwini: a model for improved access to justice." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10981.
Full textAbstract:
The South African law and legal system can and should be a mechanism through which the lives of all resident there are enhanced through the safeguarding and advancement of the fundamental rights guaranteed in its Bill of Rights. This thesis focuses on ‘legal aid’ service delivery (broadly speaking) for the indigent in a particular locality by and through registered law clinics, other legal services providers and via other means in civil rather than criminal matters. In this regard there continue to be very substantial differences between the proper access to civil justice requirements of constitutional South Africa and the actual situation which has existed since the dawn of South Africa’s democratic era which continues unabated. Justice and equality are promised to all in South Africa, yet due to gaps in the ‘net’ of free legal services provided to the indigent, the ability to pay for legal services in civil cases often remains the deciding factor. This study examines the constitutional obligations which, it is argued, apply to the provision of free civil legal services to impoverished people in South Africa. This research considers the law as a vector for necessary positive transformation in the daily lives of those resident in South Africa, which is considered within the country’s woefully unequal socio-economic situation. It builds upon existing research and court authority which show the function of access to justice as an important promoter of the type of society envisaged by the South African Constitution - one where the enjoyment of justice and equality are within the reach of all. However, at present, if one can afford the expensive services of lawyers in civil matters, then access to justice is far more readily attainable. But the opposite is true where someone is denied meaningful access to justice through a lack of legal representation because they cannot afford prohibitively high lawyers’ costs (and disbursements) and no adequate alternatives are provided for by the state or through other means. In these circumstances a vulnerable, unrepresented litigant in a civil case faces a greatly increased likelihood of being denied proper access to a daunting and intricate legal system. There are two main reasons for concentrating on free legal services to the ‘needy’ in civil rather than criminal matters. In the first place, all available statistics show that a huge proportion of legal aid services in South Africa has been and continues to be dispensed in criminal rather than civil cases. Secondly, there has been minimal research or case authority in South Africa on legal aid and other free legal services for impoverished people in civil matters. This thesis examines the state of free civil legal service provision and the need for such assistance within the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, one of South Africa’s largest metropoles. This analysis includes an empirical study of the requests for free civil legal services in a particular year by qualifying potential clients in eThekwini and the degree to which free legal service providers are meeting or failing to meet those needs. The study considers the legal service provision in such matters by legal non-governmental organisations, state-supported legal service providers and the work of legal professionals in private practice acting pro bono. The thesis then proposes a model for eThekwini for coordinating (and concurrently improving) civil legal aid services, pro bono legal work and other forms of free legal assistance - like community service by senior law students and law graduates - in response to the particular needs and circumstances facing the indigent there. When referring to the concept of ‘legal aid services’, this research concentrates on legal advice, assistance and representation to indigent clients. However, the promotion of legal rights awareness to such clients is often necessary to open their eyes to the possibility of legal avenues, where appropriate, to improve their situations. Therefore this study also considers - albeit to a lesser degree - this more indirect form of legal assistance through the dissemination of legal knowledge in an accessible form to clients who would qualify for legal aid assistance. The work concludes by briefly postulating the likely appropriateness (and/or limitations) of the aforementioned ‘free civil legal service model for the indigent’ beyond eThekwini.