Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pope urban

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pope urban'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pope urban"

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Hehl, Ernst-Dieter. "Pope Urban II (1088–1099). Part 2." Philosophy and History 23, no. 2 (1990): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist199023279.

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Somerville, Robert. "A New Letter of Pope Urban II (?)." Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 36, no. 1 (2019): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bmc.2019.0014.

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James Doelman. "Herbert's Lucus and Pope Urban VIII." George Herbert Journal 32, no. 1-2 (2008): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ghj.2008.0023.

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Détang-Dessendre, Cécile, Virginie Piguet, and Bertrand Schmitt. "Life Cycle Variability in the Microeconomic Determinants of Urban-Rural Migration." Population (english edition) 57, no. 1 (2002): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.201.0031.

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ZUTSHI, P. N. R. "The Registers of Common Letters of Pope Urban V (1362–1370) and Pope Gregory XI (1370–1378)." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 51, no. 3 (July 2000): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046999002845.

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The importance to scholars of the papal registers and other records in the Vatican Archives as a source for later medieval history scarcely needs to be emphasised. From the thirteenth century onwards, the different series of records proliferated. They begin with registers of outgoing correspondence, known as the Vatican Registers, in the pontificate of Innocent III (1198–1216) and financial accounts of the apostolic chamber under Nicholas III (1277–80). For the fourteenth century, there are new series of registers of outgoing letters (the Avignon Registers and the Lateran Registers) and a vast increase in the quantity of surviving records of the apostolic chamber. However, with the increasing abundance of such records, the proportion to have been published diminishes. It is in the fourteenth century that the sheer wealth of the surviving sources (there are, for instance, sixty registers of papal letters from the pontificate of Gregory XI, which lasted seven years and three months) first becomes a serious problem for those pursuing the publication of papal records.
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Newman, J. K. "Empire of the sun: Lelio Guidiccioni and Pope Urban VIII." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 1, no. 1 (June 1994): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02679080.

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Giraldo, Anna, and Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna. "Investigation of a Unit Non-Response Adjustment Procedure : The Case of the Urban Fertility Survey, Italy, 2001-2002." Population (english edition) 61, no. 3 (2006): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.603.0295.

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Gabriele, Matthew. "The Last Carolingian Exegete: Pope Urban II, the Weight of Tradition, and Christian Reconquest." Church History 81, no. 4 (December 2012): 796–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640712001904.

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Pope Urban II (1088–99) was trained at Reims and Cluny before entering the orbit of the Gregorians around Rome. As such, Urban was first trained as an exegete. By considering how Urban used one particular verse (Daniel 2:21) and tracing that verse's intellectual lineage forward from the Fathers, through the Carolingians, we get a clearer picture not just of the vibrancy of eleventh-century intellectual life but also, ultimately, of Urban's understanding of the arc of sacred history. As a trained Carolingian exegete, Urban continued the work of his ninth-century predecessors, calling the Christian people(populus christianus)to mend their ways and strike back against the pagans, so that God would return His hand and allow the Christians to reconquer the Mediterranean world.
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Pennington, Kenneth. "Pope Urban II, The "Collectio Britannica", and the Council of Melfi (1089)." Catholic Historical Review 84, no. 4 (1998): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1998.0204.

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Osborne, John. "Lost Roman Images of Pope Urban V (1362-1370) for Julian Gardner." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 54, no. 1 (1991): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1482514.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pope urban"

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Lovell, Michael Anthony. "Church Reunification: Pope Urban II’s Papal Policy Towards the Christian East and Its Demise." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/38.

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The relations between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church have long been studied over the years in academia. Much focus has been placed upon the Fourth Crusade as the final act that brought the schism of 1054 into full development between the two churches. However, it was during the First Crusade that the Roman Catholic Church made its first concrete efforts to repair relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church. Yet such efforts were eventually twisted to suit the purposes of some of the crusading lords, and thus becoming arguably the largest blow to church reunification because it lead to the permanent formation of an anti-Greek attitude in Latin Europe.
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De, Michelis Antonella. "Mapping Farnese Rome : the urban planning process and projects under Pope Paul III, 1534-49." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429214.

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Kordinak, Jacqueline T. "Saint Peter's Needle: The Vatican Obelisk and Its Importance in Renaissance Rome." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1375191561.

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Martins, Ricardo Barros Pombo. "A construção da cidade pós-Quioto. Interface de transpostes, Sete Rios, Lisboa." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4706.

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Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura com a especialização em Arquitectura
Foi após o aparecimento dos primeiros fenómenos do aquecimento global que surgiram as discussões em torno da temática da mudança climática. O Protocolo de Quioto e a Conferência de Copenhaga assumem-se como alguns dos mais importantes acordos internacionais que definiram objectivos gerais e metas concretas no sentido de contrariar o aquecimento global e emissões de gases com efeito de estufa. Nas ultimas décadas a nível nacional e internacional foram vários os projectos urbanos e concursos lançados com o objectivo de melhorar e requalificar as cidades, tornando-as mais sustentáveis ambientalmente. Neste quadro inserem-se projectos e estratégias importantes a nível internacional, tais como: a consulta Le Grand Pari(s), London 2012, cidade de Masdar, e o Plano Nacional para as Alterações Climáticas em Portugal e a Estratégia Energético-Ambiental para Lisboa. Todos estes projectos e estratégias dão especial enfoque ao sector dos transportes, defendendo o uso e implementação de novos transportes públicos mais amigos do ambiente (bicicleta, carro eléctrico, etc). É neste contexto que surge o conceito de “Interface de Transportes”, infraestruturas urbanas que assumem um papel fundamental na rapidez e eficiência de mudança de transportes, ligadas à oferta de espaços de lazer, comércio, habitação e serviços. Os interfaces de transportes desempenham um papel importante na criação de “pólos de urbanidade”, um princípio fundamental na definição da cidade pós-Quioto. O conceito de interface e a ideia de intermodalidade são relativamente recentes em Portugal, daí o interesse em desenvolver um projecto urbano na zona de Sete Rios, uma área com grande convergência de fluxos, que se encontra actualmente desarticulada e disfuncional. Este projecto de intervenção surge em oposição ao Estudo Urbanístico encomendado pela CML para esta zona, uma vez que consideramos que Sete Rios constitui um importante nó de transportes criando assim um interface multifuncional, eficiente e denso, tanto no plano ambiental, como social e cultural O tema do “interface de transportes” desempenha um papel central neste relatório e na proposta projectual de requalificação da Estação de Sete Rios, desenvolvida nos anexos I e II. NOTA - A Biblioteca não recebeu qualquer anexo à data da recepção da presente dissertação.
ABSTRACT - It was right after the global warming phenomenon were firstly noticed that the discussions about the climate change theme began. The Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Conference are considered as being some of the most important international agreements that have determined general and specific goals aiming the contradiction of both global heating and the discharge of green-house effect gases. For the last couple of years several urban projects and contests were introduced with the aim of improving and requalifying cities in order to turn them more environmentally sustainable. Based on this subject other important international projects and strategies were also introduced such as: the consult Le Grand Pari(s), London 2012, city of Masdar and Plano Nacional para Alterações Climáticas within Portugal and the Estrategia Energético-Ambiental para Lisboa. All these projects and strategies are particularly important to the transports sector, defending the use and development of new public transports more environmental friendly (bicycles, electric cars, etc.) It is in fact within this context that the concept of “Transports Interface” happens, urban infra-structures that play a very important role regarding both transports speed and change efficiency, joined together with leisure, market, lodging and services spaces offer. The transports interfaces play a very important role in the development of “urban poles”, a fundamental principle for the definition of the city pos-Kyoto. The interface concept and the intermodal idea are rather recent in Portugal therefore it is particularly interesting the development of the urban project at “Sete Rios” area, where several fluxes are reunited which are nowadays disarticulated and dysfunctional. This intervention project arises against the urbanistic study that has been ordered by Lisbon’s CityHall for this specific area, as we consider that “Sete Rios is a very important transport nodes creating a multifunctional, efficient and dense interface as far as environmental, social and cultural plans are concerned. The theme of “Transports interface” plays the central role within both this report and the project proposal regarding the requalification of “Sete Rios” Railway Station, developed on the enclosures I and II.
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Lopes, Rosa Maria Rodrigues. "A rela??o urbano-rural no contexto da metr?pole: um enfoque nos assentamentos rurais da RMN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18872.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaMRL.pdf: 2199929 bytes, checksum: 02ac35a2567415e00d4182ce724898dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-13
The work however presented try to make an analysis of the relation urban-agricultural in the context of the process of metropolization of Natal. On the basis of this approach searched to argue the estruturation of the Brazilian urban space and the relation with the agricultural one, evidencing an academic debate little contemplated, in view of that the space transformations guided by Brazilian industrialization had earned as endorsement a mere urban direction, fact that neglected factors more complex than they for the urban-agricultural relation in the context of the urbanization and, more recently, of the metropolization. Another important factor in the construction of the work was the contextualization of the urbanization of the Rio Grande do Norte, as well as of the metropolization of Natal, where if the significant presence of an agricultural reality made an analysis of the configuration metropolitan in the present time displaying that also remains and reproduces the metropolis, fact that conditions and justifies the treatment of the reality metropolitan for the bias of the urban-agricultural relation. The approach of this relation was directed for the agricultural nestings of the Region Metropolitan of Natal (RMN), understood as fragments agricultural in the context of the metropolis, in view of that a tenuous correspondence of these nestings with the metropolis in the direction of its integration was observed. As methodology one used bibliographical survey in periodic and books and collected secondary data-collecting next to the IBGE and to the INCRA and still were directed a field research where interviews next to the seated ones had been carried through. In this direction, one evidenced that the metropolization also absorbs and even though it reproduces the ruralidade that if verifies in the RMN finishing for mining the idea of an urban one that it excludes the agricultural one. In the case of the RMN, we have agricultural and the urban one exactly if conforming in one space that is metropolitan
O trabalho ora apresentado busca fazer uma an?lise da rela??o urbano-rural no contexto do processo de metropoliza??o de Natal. Com base nesse enfoque buscou-se discutir a estrutura??o do espa?o urbano brasileiro e sua rela??o com o rural, evidenciando um debate acad?mico pouco contemplado, tendo em vista que as transforma??es espaciais orientadas pela industrializa??o brasileira ganharam como respaldo um sentido meramente urbano, fato que negligenciou fatores mais complexos que perpassam pela rela??o urbano-rural no contexto da urbaniza??o e, mais recentemente, da metropoliza??o. Outro fator importante na constru??o do trabalho foi a contextualiza??o da urbaniza??o do Rio Grande do Norte, assim como da metropoliza??o de Natal, onde se fez uma an?lise da configura??o metropolitana na atualidade expondo a presen?a significativa de uma realidade rural que inclusive se mant?m e reproduz a metr?pole, fato que condiciona e justifica o tratamento da realidade metropolitana pelo vi?s da rela??o urbano-rural. O enfoque dessa rela??o foi direcionado para os assentamentos rurais da Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal (RMN), entendidos como fragmentos rurais no contexto da metr?pole, tendo em vista que foi observada uma t?nue correspond?ncia desses assentamentos com a metr?pole no sentido de sua integra??o. Como metodologia utilizou-se levantamento bibliogr?fico em peri?dicos e livros e levantamento de dados secund?rios coletados junto ao IBGE e ao INCRA e ainda foi encaminhada uma pesquisa de campo onde foram realizadas entrevistas junto aos assentados. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que a metropoliza??o tamb?m absorve e at? mesmo reproduz a ruralidade que se verifica na RMN acabando por minar a id?ia de um urbano que exclui o rural. No caso da RMN, temos o rural e o urbano se conformando num mesmo espa?o que ? metropolitano
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Coorg, Satyan R. "Pose imagery and automated three-dimensional modeling of urban environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9630.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-121).
Three-dimensional (3-D) modeling of urban environments has numerous applications, including virtual environments, urban planning, and physical simulation. Construct­ing 3-D models from photographs (images) is thus an important area of research in computer vision, and increasingly, computer graphics. However, despite many years of research, a system that automatically recovers realistic 3-D models remains elusive; most practical systems require significant human input. Unlike automatic algorithms, human-assisted systems are not scalable, both in terms of the number of images processed and the complexity of the generated 3-D model. This thesis describes novel techniques to automatically extract textured 3-D mod­els of urban environments from pose imagery, i.e., images annotated with camera position and orientation in a single global coordinate system. Physical instruments (e.g., surveying, Global Positioning System (GPS), inertial sensors, etc.) are used to provide accurate initial pose estimates to the proposed algorithms. As these es­timates are not perfect, I first describe two optimization techniques that refine pose estimates using information present in the images: spherical mosaicing recovers rel­ative rotations between images taken from a single position, and mosaic registration accurately locates mosaics in a global coordinate system. Next, I describe an algo­rithm that extracts vertical facades from mosaics annotated with accurate pose. The algorithm employs horizontal line segments to detect likely facade orientations and locates these facades using a space-sweep technique. Textures are robustly computed for the facades by combining information from several mosaics using median statistics. I present results for a large pose image dataset ( consisting of about four thousand images taken from eighty-one positions) of an urban office complex. These techniques were successful in recovering all significant vertical facades in the complex, as well as several neighboring facades.
by Satyan R. Coorg.
Ph.D.
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Herdevall, Alva. "Dropping Down Pop Up : Redefining Pop-Up Urbanism as a Kickstarter for Urban Development." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186161.

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This master project adresses the challenge of transforming the former Bergs Oil Terminal in Nacka into an adaptive, collaborative, and socially just environment supporting the development of a self-sufficient post petroleum society. As tools, it experiments with temporary "pop ups" with various life cycles. The project critically examines urban development under the viewpoint of bottom-up activities where future development must be adapted to current socio-economical conditions and ecological concerns.
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Iepur, Ecaterina. "Nádraží Brno – Královo Pole." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316298.

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The existing railway station "Brno-Kralove pole" is the second largest railway station in Brno, which has about 10,000 passengers daily, and serves for transfers between different modes of transport. The building of the existing Brno-Kralovo Pole railway station is located in front of a high-speed bridge and there aren't much space for situating of the new transfer center. In the framework of the reconstruction of the existing railway station, was created a complex reconstruction, combined with the improvement of the internal arrangement of the building. The reconstruction of building was made according to modern quality standards of transport and passenger comfort.
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Henriques, Diogo Miguel Palminha. "Entre o formal e o informal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13889.

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Hadwin, Angela J. "Keeping mom and pop fresh : strategies for getting produce into corner stores." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73815.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-71).
Availability of fresh, healthy produce for low-income people is a growing concern for advocates and public officials concerned with health disparities and diet-related disease. Healthy corner store conversions are a promising strategy to address issues of food access. To be successful, conversion programs must address the challenges of sourcing and selling produce. As a perishable product, produce requires store owner to possess significant skills and infrastructure for proper management. Additionally, corner stores face a supply chain increasingly structured for large supermarkets and must balance the often-competing factors of small scale, affordability, and quality. Finally, programs must consider how to appropriately serve and engage communities to ensure financial viability and maximize health impacts. This thesis explores strategies to improve the provision of produce through corner stores through a review of reports, literature, and practice. Central to these approaches are the goals of increased efficiency and affordability and long-term sustainability. Several corner store programs have demonstrated the possibility for making money through produce sales using a holistic approach that engages community members and provides training and assistance to store owners. Supply strategies range from cooperative purchasing, shared docking with larger stores or institutions, convincing wholesalers to accommodate smaller orders, and developing new distribution infrastructure that integrates small stores into the local food system. This work concludes with key lessons for corner store programs seeking to improve produce supply practices and infrastructure. The discussion also includes opportunities for actors in produce supply and distribution to capture this emerging market and support food access efforts.
by Angela J. Hadwin.
M.C.P.
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Books on the topic "Pope urban"

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Somerville, Robert. Pope Urban II, the Collectio Britannica, and the Council of Melfi (1089). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

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Potapov, A. V. Geosot︠s︡ioėkonologicheskoe pole gorodskikh poseleniĭ i ego ot︠s︡enka. Saratov: Izd-vo Saratovskogo universiteta, 2002.

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Santis, Antonio De. Urbano VI, 1378-1389: Il papa venuto da Bari. Bari: Stilo, 2007.

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Corsi, Marco. Trasformazioni urbane sui Colli Albani nel secolo XVII: Espansioni territoriali e nuovi tracciati viari tra i pontificati di Urbano VIII e di Alessandro VII (1618-1667). Roma: Edizioni Nuova cultura, 2017.

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Jolanta, Hrsg :. Wiendlocha, ed. Die Jugendgedichte Papst Urbans VIII.: (1623 - 1644): Erstedition, Ubersetzung, Kommentar und Nachwort. Heidelberg: Universit atsverl. C. Winter Heidelberg GmbH, 2005.

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Giorgio, Simoncini, ed. Roma: Le trasformazioni urbane nel Cinquecento. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore, 2008.

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Kalas, Gregor, and Ann Dijk, eds. Urban Developments in Late Antique and Medieval Rome. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989085.

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A narrative of decline punctuated by periods of renewal has long structured perceptions of Rome’s late antique and medieval history. In their probing contributions to this volume, a multi-disciplinary group of scholars provides alternative approaches to understanding the period. Addressing developments in governance, ceremony, literature, art, music, clerical education and the construction of the city’s identity, the essays examine how a variety of actors, from poets to popes, productively addressed the intermittent crises and shifting dynamics of these centuries in ways that bolstered the city’s resilience. Without denying that the past (both pre-Christian and Christian) consistently remained a powerful touchstone, the studies in this volume offer rich new insights into the myriad ways that Romans, between the fifth and the eleventh centuries, creatively assimilated the past as they shaped their future.
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Schivartche, Fabio. Pol uição urbana: As grandes cidades morrem : você pode salvá-las. São Paulo, SP: Editora Terceiro Nome, 2005.

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Vones, Ludwig. Urban V. (1362-1370: Kirchenreform zwischen Kardinalkollegium, Kurie und Klientel. Stuttgart: A. Hiersemann, 1998.

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Caputo, Andrea, Monica Caputo, Allegra Corbo, and Lucia Garbini. Pop up!: Arte contemporanea nello spazio urbano. [Modena]: F.C. Panini, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pope urban"

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Burger, Martijn J. "Urban-Rural Happiness Differentials in The Netherlands." In The Pope of Happiness, 49–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53779-1_5.

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Uściński, Przemysław. "Dunciad, The, (Alexander Pope): The Literary Topography of Eighteenth-Century London." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 568–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62419-8_81.

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Uściński, Przemysław. "Dunciad by Alexander Pope: The Literary Topography of Eighteenth-Century London, The." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62592-8_81-1.

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Uściński, Przemysław. "Dunciad by Alexander Pope: The Literary Topography of Eighteenth-Century London, The." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62592-8_81-2.

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Somerville, Robert. "Pope Urban II « to the Beloved Sons in Christ C. and His Brothers »." In Textes et Etudes du Moyen Âge, 843–53. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tema-eb.5.102820.

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Zutshi, Patrick. "Chapter 25. The Veronica Images Painted by Matteo Giovannetti for Pope Urban V (1369)." In Tributes to Paul Binski, 312–23. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.hmtrib-eb.5.130058.

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Henry II. "2711. Urban III, Pope." In The Letters and Charters of Henry II, King of England 1154–1189, edited by Nicholas Vincent. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00279346.

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Henry II. "2710. Urban III, Pope." In The Letters and Charters of Henry II, King of England 1154–1189, edited by Nicholas Vincent. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00279345.

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Henry II. "2709. Urban III, Pope." In The Letters and Charters of Henry II, King of England 1154–1189, edited by Nicholas Vincent. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00279344.

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"Alexander Pope." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62419-8_300011.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pope urban"

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GONZÁLEZ POZO, ALBERTO. "URBAN MOBILITY IN THE MEXICAN METROPOLIS." In Fourth Centenary of the Foundation of the First Academy of Sciences: “Academia Lynceorum” by Federico Cesi and Pope Clemente VIII. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702753_0041.

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Ozola, Silvija. "SPATIAL AND ARTISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE HANSEATIC CITIES ON THE BALTIC SEACOAST IN THE 13TH AND 14TH CENTURIES." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/fs09.14.

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The Roman Catholic Church had a special influence. During the economic and cultural upswing, an abbey built in Cluny became a sample in the church building during the 9th�11th century. Various trends in the cathedral building existed in different regions of Western Europe. On the Baltic Sea coast, the Pope of Rome and the Holy Roman Emperor started to spread the Catholic faith by the mid-12th century. In cities, cathedrals took the leading position and replaced monastery churches in the 13th century. The commercial importance of the trading centre of Lubeck increased when it joined with Hamburg in 1241 to form the nucleus of the Hanseatic League. Churches for citizenship Catholic parishes became architectural dominates in Hanseatic cities. An important trade city of Riga became the main economic base of the Teutonic Order and the Riga Archbishopric Centre, where urban space developed. Research object: urban space of the 13th and 14th centuries in Hanseatic cities. Research problem: sacral buildings changed urban aesthetics and the development of cities� planning; the spatial and artistic quality of Hanseatic cities had been sufficiently studied to preserve their identity during the development of the contemporary urban environment. Novelty: analysis of common and distinctive artistic features in European and Latvian Hanseatic cities in the 13th and 14th centuries. Research goal: analyse the impact of churches on the development of cities in the 13th and 14th centuries. Methods: analysis of archive documents, cartographic materials, studies of published literature, an inspection of churches in nature, photo fixation.
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Araújo Lima, Cristina de. "Configuração urbana e o sistema BRT de Curitiba – Brasil: investigando a qualidade espacial do entorno de terminais: uma metodologia em construção." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6145.

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Otimizar o consumo de espaço e recursos naturais é uma meta recomendável para atingir maior sustentabi-lidade urbana, assim como racionalizar e gerenciar eficientemente os fluxos urbanos. O presente artigo apresenta uma etapa de uma pesquisa no campo do Desenho Urbano que questiona como se configuram os espaços do entorno de terminais de ônibus. O objetivo é refletir sobre resultados e consequências de projetos urbanos (urban design), principalmente aqueles que afetam parcelas significativas da população, como as condições de mobilidade em centros metropolitanos. Curitiba é pólo de uma região metropolitana formada por 29 municípios, sendo que 13 deles são abrangidos pelo sistema de transporte integrado RIT, que transporta diariamente cerca de 2 milhões de usuários. A justificativa para o estudo deriva da ampliação do sistema RIT em face à expansão periurbana, limitações ambientais e otimização do uso do solo urbani-zado. A metodologia é de pontuação por categorias de elementos existentes e escala de valores, como primeira etapa para obter indicadores para gestão ambiental urbana. Optimizing the occupation of space and the use of natural resources is a recommended goal in order to achieve greater urban sustainability, and so is rationalizing and managing efficiently urban flow. This article presents a step of a research in the field of Urban Design that questions how are urban spaces configured in the surroundings of bus stations. The objective is to reflect about results and consequences of urban pro-jects (urban design), especially those affecting a significant part of the population, such as mobility condi-tions in metropolitan centers. Curitiba is the pole of a metropolitan area composed by 29 municipalities, but 13 of them comprised by the integrated transportation system known as RIT, which transports approximately 2 million users daily. The study is justified by the upcoming extension of the RIT system in face of peri-urban growing, environmental limits and the balance for urbanized soil needs. The methodology is of punctuating per categories existing elements and scales of values as first stage as to obtain pointers to manage the ur-ban environment.
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Ambrosio, Eduardo. "OPERAÇÃO URBANA CONSORCIADA DA LINHA VERDE. Questões acerca de sua legislação." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12210.

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This paper discusses the assumptions defined by the regulation of the Urban Operation Linha Verde (OUC Linha Verde) in Curitiba, between 2011 and 2015. The various aspects that characterized the speeches and actions provided for by Laws N° 13.909/2011 and N° 14773/2015 which, respectively, originated and changed the OUC Linha Verde, allow the perception that the use of urban planning techniques, together with discursive strategies, arising from the legal field, contribute to the consolidation of a legitimizing scenario of the real estate market. The article consists of a brief presentation of the fundamentals of the urban project of the OUC Linha Verde, the results achieved, the regulation of its legislation, based on the concepts of some theorists who offer important analysis tools, notably in the form of categories, by the problematization of the land financialization process, highlighting the contradiction between exchange value and use value in the production of urban spaces. Based on this, one can observe the role of private property as a condition for the establishment of urban policies based on the financialization of urban production. Keywords: Urban design, urban law, urban operation, Linha Verde. O presente trabalho discute os pressupostos definidos pela regulamentação da Operação Urbana Consorciada Linha Verde (OUC Linha Verde) em Curitiba, compreendido o período entre 2011 e 2015. Os diversos aspectos que caracterizaram os discursos e as ações previstas pelas Leis N° 13.909/2011 e N° 14773/2015 que, respectivamente, originou e alterou a OUC Linha Verde, possibilitam a percepção de que a utilização das técnicas de planejamento urbano, em conjunto com as estratégias discursivas, oriundas do campo jurídico, contribuem para a consolidação de um cenário legitimador da atuação do mercado imobiliário. O artigo é composto por uma breve apresentação dos fundamentos do projeto urbano da OUC Linha Verde, dos resultados atingidos, da regulamentação de sua legislação, tendo como base os conceitos de alguns teóricos que oferecem importantes ferramentas de análise, notadamente na forma de categorias, pela problematização do processo de financeirização da terra, evidenciando a contradição entre valor de troca e valor de uso na produção dos espaços urbanos. Com base nisso, pode-se observar o protagonismo da propriedade privada como condicionante para o estabelecimento de políticas urbanas baseadas na financeirização da produção urbana. Palavras-chave: Projeto urbano, legislação urbana, operação urbana, Linha Verde.
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Lise Schäfer, Karine, and Lisete Assen de Oliveira. "Relações entre a estrutura morfológica e o sistema de equipamentos comunitários: o caso da cidade de Navegantes (SC)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6215.

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Este artigo focaliza na forma urbana as relações entre morfologia urbana e equipamentos comunitários. Partindo-se das conceituações de Morfologia Urbana como um sistema estruturado e do conjunto dos Equipamentos Comunitários, que nas várias escalas, também formam um sistema, o trabalho objetiva o entendimento dos vínculos e possível interdependência entre a estrutura morfológica e o sistema de equipamentos comunitários na forma urbana em um território emergente. Esta investigação apresenta e discute o caso de Navegantes, cidade de pequeno a médio porte, fundada e estruturada a partir de meados do Século XX e integrante do aglomerado urbano da Foz do Rio Itajaí-Acú, no litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina, litoral sul do Brasil. No caso da referida cidade, pode-se identificar que a compreensão de sua estrutura formal relacionada ao sistema de equipamentos comunitários leva ao aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre a sua forma urbana presente e possibilidades futuras, o projeto. This article focuses on urban, relations between urban form and community facilities. Starting from the concepts of Urban Morphology as a structured and all the Community Equipment system, which in various scales, also form a system, the paper aims at understanding the linkages and possible interdependence between morphological structure and community facilities in the system urban form in an emerging country. This research presents and discusses the case of Navegantes, small to medium-sized city, founded and structured from the mid-twentieth century and part of the urban center of Foz do Itajai-Acu River, on the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern coast Brazil. In the case of that city, one can identify the understanding of its formal structure related to community facilities system leads to deeper understanding of its urban form present and future possibilities, the project.
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Zapata Alegria, Isabel. "PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA Y DESIGUALDAD SOCIO ESPACIAL ¿es una contradicción en la metrópoli actual?" In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12756.

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Urban development is constantly evidencing contradictions: the city is, in essence, a place of conflict. This scenario puts democracies in tension with the public function exercised through urban planning, with effects on the distribution of public goods and services and the production of urban space. Is it possible to think of urban planning for the achievement of a just city in the current political-economic context? An answer is explored, based on an analytical framework of plans in communes with greater socio-economic vulnerability, from a historical perspective with different visions of integrated urban law in Chile. Thus, the instrumental content is contrasted in conceptual terms with the planning process. It concludes in a growing hybridism of practices, together with an internal contradiction between the purposes of a spatial planning model and the increasingly protagonist participatory and deliberative processes. Keywords: socio-spatial inequalities, planning process, just city. El desarrollo urbano está constantemente evidenciando contradicciones: la ciudad es, en esencia, un lugar de conflictos. Este escenario pone en tensión las democracias por la función pública ejercida a travès la planificación urbana, con efectos en la distribución de los bienes y servicios públicos y la producción del espacio urbano. ¿Es posible pensar en una planificación urbana para el logro de una ciudad justa en el actual contexto político - económico? Se explora una respuesta, a partir de un marco analítico de planes en comunas con mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, desde una perspectiva histórica con diferentes visiones del derecho urbanístico integrado en Chile. Así, se contrasta el contenido instrumental en términos conceptuales con el proceso planificación. Se concluye en un creciente hibridismo de prácticas, junto con una contradicción interna entre los propósitos de un modelo de ordenamiento espacial y los procesos participativos y deliberativos cada vez más protagónicos. Palabras clave: desigualdades socio-espacial, proceso de planificación, ciudad justa.
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Polidori, Maurício, Otávio Peres, and Fernanda Tomiello. "Simulação de crescimento urbano, ambiente natural, fragmentação e futuro das cidades." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6271.

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O trabalho propõe a geração de cenários de futuro para a cidade, através do modelo dinâmico de simulação de crescimento urbano denominado CityCell – Urban Growth Simulator, o qual é dedicado a simular crescimento urbano considerando integradamente fatores urbanos, naturais e institucionais, representados e modelados utilizando integradamente grafos, autômato celular e geotecnologias. O modelo permite livre entrada de dados descritivos do ambiente e diversas possibilidades de regulagem e parametrização. Simulações em Pelotas, RS, Brasil, mediante a comparação de um tipo de crescimento denominado “tradicional” e outro “sustentável”, permitem indicar que formas de crescimento urbano mais fragmentadas podem consumir seletivamente o espaço não urbanizado, facilitando a presença simultânea de zonas urbanizadas com zonas onde aparecem atributos naturais, chegando ao final da simulação com maior potencial de crescimento, isto é, com maiores chances de continuar crescendo, o que pode estar associado à sustentabilidade urbana. The paper proposes the generation of future scenarios for the city, through the dynamic model of urban growth simulation called CityCell - Urban Growth Simulator, which is dedicated to simulate urban growth considering an integrated urban factors, natural and institutional represented and modeled using an integrated graphs, cellular automata and geotechnology. The model allows free entry of descriptive environmental data and various possibilities for adjustment and parameter setting. Simulations Pelotas, Brazil, by comparing one type of growth called "traditional" and other "sustainable", allow to indicate what forms of fragmented urban growth can selectively consume space undeveloped, facilitating the simultaneous presence of urbanized areas and areas with natural attributes, coming to the end of the simulation with greater growth potential, that is most likely to continue to grow, which may be related to urban sustainability.
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Furlan, Katuana Varela, Carolina Rocha Carvalho, and Rafael Prado Cartana. "Avaliação da insolação e distribuição da radiação solar no ambiente urbano de Balneário Camboriú." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6279.

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Apesar das prementes demandas ambientais contemporâneas, o planejamento urbano vigente das áreas centrais de grande parte das cidades brasileiras apresenta insuficientes considerações relativas ao conforto ambiental, principalmente no que se refere à ocupação do solo, gabaritos e afastamentos. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a insolação e o sombreamento gerado pelas edificações no ambiente urbano de Balneário Camboriú através do uso de Máscaras de Sombra e análises de radiação solar incidente nas fachadas. Como metodologia: utilizando o aplicativo Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, foram geradas Máscaras de Sombras de uma região urbana representativa da morfologia da área central da cidade, complementarmente, foram simulados valores de radiação incidente nas fachadas de edificações desta região. Como principal resultado, pode-se observar que a morfologia urbana resultante da aplicação da legislação na área central da cidade resulta em situações prejudiciais à adequada insolação e iluminação natural das edificações e espaços urbanos. Despite the pressing contemporary environmental demands, the current urban planning of the central areas of most Brazilian cities, make insufficient considerations relating to environmental comfort, especially regarding to land use, spacing and height of the buildings. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the insolation and shading generated by buildings in the urban environment of Balneário Camboriú through the use of shading masks and solar radiation analysis on the facades. The methodology: using the software Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, shading masks were generated representing the urban morphology of the downtown city areas, in addition, were simulated incident solar radiation values on the facades in buildings locates in this areas. The main result is that the application of the existing legislation in the central area of the city results in harmful situations to insolation and daylight of buildings and urban spaces.
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Arcos Ettlin, Carlos C. "Urbanismo Pop (1956-1967): el "movimiento" en la concepción urbana de la posguerra europea." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6230.

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Esta investigación analiza algunas de las conceptualizaciones urbanas y las estrategias proyectuales desarrolladas por la ‘vanguardia’ disciplinar de la posguerra europea en el período ‘pop’ (1956-1967), relacionadas con el ‘movimiento’ en sus implicancias lúdicas. Se definen como los principales operadores disciplinares: el Independent Group, la Internacional Situacionista, Yona Friedman, Cedric Price y el grupo ARCHIGRAM. Se propone un enfoque original que analiza en sus obras el ‘moverse’, en tanto ‘jugar’ (play), como inspiración de una novedosa imaginería urbana y como auténtico generador de proyecto urbano al servicio del nuevo hombre libre (pop-homo ludens). El discurso se construye a modo de “collage”, abordando la producción de múltiples fuentes de época (eventos, proyectos y artículos), con una metodología sistémica y relacional. Esta (re)lectura de época profundiza en la historiografía del urbanismo, como aporte al entendimiento del desarrollo conceptual desde la superación del urbanismo funcionalista Moderno, hacia el abordaje urbano contemporáneo de una ciudad viva, compleja, “delirante, congestionada y caótica”. This research work analyzes some urban conceptualizations and design strategies developed by the disciplinary 'vanguard' movement of postwar Europe in the 'pop' era (1956-1967), from the standpoint of the playful implications of 'movement'. The major disciplinary operators at play are defined as: Team X, the Independent Group, the Situationist International, Yona Friedman, Cedric Price and the ARCHIGRAM group. This paper innovatively proposes to examine specific pieces of work under the light of the act of `moving´, understood as playing, as the inspiration for a new urban imagery and as an authentic generator of the city project serving the emergence of the new free man (pop-homo ludens). The script is constructed in the form of a collage, addressing the production of multiple sources taken from the pop era (events, projects and items), through a systemic and relational methodological lens. The proposed (re)reading of this historical period delves into the historiography of urbanism and contributes to the understanding of its conceptual development, from modern functionalist urbanism towards a contemporary urban approach that acknowledges the lively, complex, "delusional, congested and chaotic" city.
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Junqueira, Mariana Garcia, and Gilberto Sarkis Yunes. "A iluminação artificial como elemento estruturador da paisagem urbana contemporânea." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6216.

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O artigo aborda o papel da Iluminação Artificial no planejamento urbano, considerando que, entre as diversas leituras possíveis de cidade, esta pode ser incorporada em sua configuração e estruturação como elemento evidenciador do acervo de seus tempos. Entende-se que a apreensão dessa paisagem urbana depende da organização e identificação de seus acervos, adotando-se estratégia de concepção semelhante a de um projeto expográfico museológico. A responsabilidade funcional de permitir a visão noturna encobriu, por muito tempo, outras potencialidades da luz e, foi apenas no final do século XX que mudanças tomaram forma. Buscando requalificar espaços urbanos, diversas intervenções têm sido praticadas, entretanto, sem muitas considerações com relação ao impacto que provocam sobre o contexto urbano. Analisa-se e defende-se o Plano Diretor de Iluminação como instrumento de gestão que adota a base teórica da metodologia francesa, o L’Urbanisme Lumière, pois recomenda o uso das intervenções luminotécnicas considerando a contextualização espacial do projeto. The article discusses the role of artificial lighting in urban planning, considering that, among the various possible readings of the cities, this can be incorporated into your configuration and structure as disclosing element of the collection of their times. It is understood that the seizure of this urban landscape depends on the organization and identification of its collections, adopting design strategy similar to that of a museum expographic project. Functional responsibility to enable night vision shrouded, long, other light potential and it was only in the late twentieth century that changes took shape. Seeking requalify urban spaces, several interventions have been practiced, however, without much consideration about the impact they cause on the urban context. Analyzes and argues the Master Lighting Plan as a management tool that adopts the theoretical basis of French methodology, L'Urbanisme Lumière because it recommends using lighting design interventions considering the spatial context of the project.
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Reports on the topic "Pope urban"

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Sarmiento, Olga Lucía, Laura Baldovino Chiquillo, Maria Alejandra Rubio, Eliana Martinez-Herrera, Julián Arellana, Alejandra Vives, Manuel Aguilera, et al. Herramientas de diagnóstico y gestión para la salud urbana en America Latina y el Caribe: guía de uso. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005190.

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La Salud Urbana se refiere la salud y el bienestar físico, mental y social de las personas que viven en las ciudades y en áreas urbanas, la cual está influenciada por múltiples características del entorno social y del entorno físico construido y por las políticas públicas de múltiples sectores incluyendo desarrollo urbano, transporte, vivienda, entre otros. Las intervenciones de desarrollo urbano y políticas públicas implementadas en el ambiente construido como viviendas, parques, espacios públicos, transporte, entre otros, contribuyen a promover la salud urbana y la equidad en salud al incidir sobre el entorno físico y el entorno social donde habitan las personas. El enfoque SeTP (Salud en Todas las Políticas) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud promueve la formulación de políticas de cualquier sector que sistemáticamente consideren las implicaciones en la salud y promuevan la búsqueda de sinergias intersectoriales que impulsen la equidad y la promoción de la salud. Hay tres acciones claves para incorporar la salud en las intervenciones urbanas: 1. Entender los potenciales co-beneficios en salud de cada intervención urbana. 2. Incorporar la lente de la salud desde el inicio del diseño de la intervención urbana y hacerle seguimiento durante todas las etapas del proyecto. 3. Trabajar de manera coordinada e intersectorial con distintas áreas de desarrollo urbano, entidades gubernamentales, la comunidad y la academia para gestionar la salud urbana. Para promover estas acciones en las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo pone a disposición de los ministerios de urbanismo y los gobiernos locales herramientas de diagnóstico y un instrumento gestión para la salud urbana. Las Herramientas de diagnóstico para una salud urbana equitativa en América Latina y el Caribe permiten la recolección y análisis de indicadores del entorno físico, del entorno social y de salud que tienen el potencial de ser influenciados por distintos tipos de intervenciones de desarrollo urbano y vivienda. Por su parte, el Instrumento de gestión para una salud urbana equitativa plantea una metodología y ruta para diseñar intervenciones y hacer seguimiento al proceso mediante el cual las intervenciones urbanas, en integración con la gestión multisectorial y comunitaria, pueden promover productos y resultados para la salud, el bienestar y la equidad.
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Hoagland-Grey, Hilary. Climate Change Risk Management Options for the Urban Infrastructure Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005998.

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The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has a long history of coping with natural hazards such as hurricanes, floods, and coastal storm surges. However, climate change is expected to exacerbate the threat of natural hazards and pose new ones. As a result of climate change, average temperatures and sea levels are known to be rising, precipitation patterns might change, and hurricanes could intensify. Many of these changes are already occurring, and are projected to become more severe in the future. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) supports a wide-range of projects in the LAC region. Climate change-related risks could adversely affect the financial, economic, environmental, and social performance of current and future IDB investments in the region. This factsheet identifies climate change risks and risk management options that can be incorporated into IDB-investments for the urban infrastructure sector.
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Brakarz, Barbara, Karisa Ribeiro, Diego Arcia, Sandra Maria Santos Holanda, Marcos Daniel Souza dos Santos, Fernando Araldi, Carolina Baima, et al. Mobilidade urbana e agenda ASG: um caminho para o desenvolvimento econmico e sustentável. Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004684.

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A mobilidade urbana desempenha um importante papel social e no desenvolvimento das cidades. Em meio à crise climática, o setor é essencial para a recuperação verde, ou seja, para promover uma economia mais sustentável e resiliente, trazendo benefícios econômicos e sociais no médio e longo prazo. Melhorar a mobilidade urbana pode contribuir para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, desenvolver novos projetos sustentáveis e implementar padres e acordos internacionais para uma transição econômica justa de baixo carbono. Esta nota técnica, elaborada entre o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional e o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, apresenta os seguintes temas: contextualização do setor de mobilidade urbana no Brasil sob a ótica ambiental, social e de governança (ESG); a integração das práticas ESG no setor de mobilidade urbana no Brasil, o financiamento da mobilidade urbana no Brasil e sua situação atual; e soluções para atração de capital privado, incluindo instrumentos elegíveis para o financiamento da mobilidade urbana no Brasil e apresentação dos instrumentos financeiros temáticos do setor.
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Kohon, Jorge. La estructuración del Programa de Apoyo al Transporte Masivo en México. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009737.

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El Gobierno de México definió el período presidencial 2007-2012 como el sexenio de la infraestructura, adoptando importantes acciones para impulsar su expansión y mejora. Dentro de los sectores que componen la infraestructura, el transporte masivo urbano ha ido ganando importancia ante la creciente demanda de movilidad de la población, su incidencia en las finanzas públicas locales de las ciudades, y su rol clave para impulsar otras políticas de interés nacional (por ejemplo, políticas ambientales, sociales o de desarrollo urbano). Ese conjunto de aspectos hicieron que los proyectos de transporte masivo cobraran relevancia dentro del "sexenio de la infraestructura". Esta Nota pone de manifiesto algunas de las razones que hacen justificable el apoyo del gobierno federal al Programa y la importancia de los criterios en que se basa la selección de los proyectos candidatos a obtener su apoyo.
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Roll, Michael, Marisol Romero Magallán, Andrea Ramírez, Flávia Guerra, Alejandra Ramos-Galvez, Simone Sandholz, Mariana Campos-Sánchez, et al. Perfil de Laboratório Urbano do TUC: Naucalpan, México. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/vpji3934.

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Depois de dois anos de operação, os desafios e as principais conquistas do Laboratório Urbano do TUC estabelecido em Naucalpan, no México, fornecem lições valiosas para sustentar atividades em andamento, acelerar transformações mais amplas e orientar esforços semelhantes em outros lugares: 1. RECONHECENDO OS DESAFIOS E BENEFÍCIOS DA FLUTUAÇÃO DE MEMBROS DO LU: Assumindo a existência de um grupo central de membros do LU, mudanças em sua composição são esperadas e frequentemente positivas. Tais mudanças podem inclusive ser planejadas assim que o LU iniciar uma nova fase, por exemplo, ao passar do planejamento para a implementação de ações concretas. Os facilitadores do LU devem apoiar a integração de novos membros para maximizar o benefício de suas novas perspectivas e contribuições para o trabalho em curso do LU. 2. ABORDANDO A REPRESENTAÇÃO LIMITADA DE MORADORES E DO SETOR PRIVADO: Os processos de participação necessitam de uma metodologia sólida e de pensamento criativo. Mesmo com a melhor das intenções e facilitação adequada, certos grupos ou setores são particularmente difíceis de envolver nos LUs. Isto pode acontecer porque alguns membros do LU expressam preocupações e veem riscos potenciais associados à participação de atores específicos, ou porque tais atores não percebem benefícios ou simplesmente não estão interessados em participar. No futuro, o LU de Naucalpan considerará abordagens e formatos alternativos, inovadores e localmente específicos para incentivar a participação e o engajamento significativo destas partes interessadas. 3. TRABALHANDO COM PERSPECTIVAS DIVERSAS PARA PROMOVER NOVAS REDES E CONFIANÇA MÚTUA: Ao proporcionar um ambiente para trocas e discussões construtivas de diversas perspectivas, conhecimentos, interesses e opiniões, a abordagem do LU promove novas redes, bem como a confiança mútua e coesão. Isto é particularmente evidente entre a sociedade civil e o governo num ambiente de “baixa confiança no governo”, e proporciona uma base sólida para a ação climática coletiva. 4. LIDANDO COM A PARTICIPAÇÃO E A DEPENDÊNCIA DE AUTORIDADES PÚBLICAS: Embora a participação e o apoio das autoridades governamentais sejam fundamentais para os LUs, tornar-se excessivamente dependente das mesmas é um risco para a neutralidade dos LUs, para discussões construtivas e para o seu potencial impacto transformador. Para uma boa operação e sustentabilidade dos LUs, e expansão de projetos experimentais, a participação e o apoio do governo devem, portanto, ser cuidadosamente equilibrados com os de outros setores.
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6

McCall, Jamie. Assessing the Evidence: Promoting Economic Development in Rural North Carolina with Education, Workforce Development, Infrastructure, Healthcare, and Leadership. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/rural.economic.development.

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Like many other states, North Carolina’s population dynamics have shown a definitive shift toward greater urbanization. Some of the population increase in urban areas is in-migration from outside the state. However, net population loss in many of North Carolina’s rural areas has been on the rise for years. Population outflows of this magnitude can bring an array of unique challenges for rural small firms. Chronic rural issues like unfavorable geography, endemic poverty, and poor infrastructure for business can pose serious economic development challenges. According to some scholars, level of rurality or geographical isolation is the primary variable in explaining why economic development outcomes vary across the United States. We assess the literature to determine what role small business development and complimentary strategies have in rural economic growth.
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Turmena, Lucas, Flávia Guerra, Altiere Freitas, Alejandra Ramos-Galvez, Simone Sandholz, Michael Roll, Isadora Freire, and Millena Oliveira. Perfil de Laboratório Urbano do TUC: Aliança pelo Centro do Recife, Brasil. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/bzbt2248.

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Após dois anos de operação, os desafios e principais conquistas do Laboratório Urbano do TUC estabelecido na Comunidade do Pilar em Recife, Brasil, fornecem lições valiosas para sustentar as atividades em andamento, acelerar transformações mais amplas e orientar esforços semelhantes em outros lugares: 1. DESENVOLVENDO UMA ABORDAGEM BASEADA NO LOCAL E CONSTRUINDO CONFIANÇA MÚTUA: Uma participação significativa depende do estabelecimento e manutenção de confiança entre facilitadores e participantes do LU. No caso da Comunidade do Pilar, para superar a desconfiança e o ceticismo iniciais, foi necessário adaptar as atividades do LU às necessidades dos moradores e conectá-las à ação climática, e ao mesmo tempo aumentar a presença no território e criar espaços seguros para uma participação igualitária. O fortalecimento de uma abordagem baseada no próprio local tem contribuído de maneira fundamental para as conquistas do LU. 2. LIDANDO COM A PARTICIPAÇÃO NA REALIDADE: A participação muitas vezes se desdobra de forma menos suave do que o planejado. Os facilitadores devem considerar as flutuações na frequência e na forma de participação e desenvolver estratégias para adaptar o processo do LU conforme necessário. Diálogos abertos e comunicação clara são essenciais. O LU não é uma organização estática, mas um arranjo flexível com potencial para unir diversos interesses e aspirações, conectando as necessidades locais à agenda climática. 3. IMPLEMENTANDO ESTRATÉGIAS PARA AMPLIAR O IMPACTO: O LU na Comunidade do Pilar trabalha para promover resultados de longo prazo por meio de experimentos conduzidos em pequena escala. As mudanças incrementais resultantes alimentam as capacidades individuais e coletivas, estabelecendo as bases para transformações mais amplas e profundas. No entanto, ganhos de escala dependem da institucionalização dessas mudanças e da obtenção de apoio de tomadores de decisões, o que pode ser um desafio.
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8

Rubio, Mauricio. La violencia en Colombia: Dimensionamiento y politicas de control. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011827.

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"Incierto era ayer el nœmero de victimas que dejaron las incursiones de un grupo de autodefensas en Mapiripán (Meta). Aunque en el casco urbano fueron hallados tres cuerpos sin cabezas y otros dos que no fueron identificados, los pobladores aseguran que cerca de 30 personas fueron sacadas de sus casas, mutiladas y arrojadas a las aguas del río Guaviare. Según los habitantes, el grupo armado comenzó a matar a sus víctimas el martes y terminó el domingo. A las 8 de la noche, obligaba a apagar la planta eléctrica que le suministra la luz a todo el pueblo. "Sacaban a la gente de sus casas y amanecían muertos. Nunca se escucharon tiros, porque los degollaban", dijo un poblador. Esta incursión generó un éxodo de campesinos. El domingo, por avión, salieron de Mapiripán cerca de 200 personas. .. Hasta el juez promiscuo municipal tuvo que salir de la región. El era la única representación de la justicia en dicho municipio, porque de la policía lo único que quedan son las ruinas de una estación llena de maleza, que fue abandonada el 16 de enero de 1995, tras un ataque guerrillero". Este incidente, casi rutinario para la prensa colombiana , presenta varias facetas de la violencia colombiana que se pretenden destacar con este trabajo. Ilustra la incertidumbre acerca de la magnitud de la violencia. Muestra que en el país ya se está perdiendo la capacidad para contar los muertos. Sugiere que una fracción importante y creciente del fenómeno no encaja dentro del diagnóstico tradicional, el de una violencia urbana, ajena a los grupos armados y producto de la intolerancia. Señala un impacto devastador y cada vez más difícil de cuantificar, resaltando que los esfuerzos contra la violencia no se deben sustentar en análisis beneficio-costo. Pone de presente la total ausencia de autoridad estatal en algunas regiones en donde quienes mandan son los grupos armados ilegales. Señala, en particular, la fragilidad de la justicia penal ante la violencia ejercida por los dictadores locales. Resalta las limitaciones de las políticas preventivas basadas en un mayor gasto público, sobretodo mientras el estado colombiano no recupere la autoridad y el monopolio de la coerción. Destaca la prioridad que debe recibir la tarea estatal de administrar justicia y sancionar a los homicidas.
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9

Playing the long game: Experimenting Smart Specialisation in the Basque Country 2016-2019. Universidad de Deusto, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ajzo9759.

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Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) represent arguably the most ambitious regional innovation policy ever launched in the EU and as such have posed a major challenge for governments. While developing a smart specialization strategy has not been an entirely new adventure for the Basque Country, which has consistently pursued an industrial strategy over more than thirty years, there is enough novelty in the RIS3 process to pose a challenge even for mature regional innovation policy systems. This report builds on previous analysis of the early implementation of the Basque Country RIS3 (Aranguren et al, 2016) to explore how the processes initially set in motion have subsequently evolved. The focus is on the period 2016-2019 and the analysis is based on interviews with 28 key actors in the Basque RIS3 process alongside a range of other documentary sources. The analysis finds significant changes in the governance of the entrepreneurial discovery processes established in the three strategic priority areas (advanced manufacturing, energy and bio-health) and four opportunity niches (ecosystems, food, urban habitat and creative and cultural industries). These are materializing in changes in the actors engaged and the strategies pursued, and they lead to six core conclusions that might form the basis for recommendations for the future. In line with a ‘living strategy’, a new configuration of priorities is emerging There is an increasing horizontalization taking place, built on cross-cutting concern for internationalization, skills, new business models and entrepreneurship Engaging SMEs remains a huge challenge, and Basque experience points to key roles for cluster associations, local development agencies and vocational training centres The integration of social challenges (and civil society) remains a key challenge, and might take inspiration from Agenda 2030 and from transformative innovation policy or mission-oriented policy approaches There is a specific need for larger, more integrated projects, which will require further adaption of the implementation and policy mix There is need to work on the voice of regions within EU decision-making dynamics and to strengthen coordination across regional initiatives The evolution of the entrepreneurial discovery process observed in the Basque Country sheds light on some of the key issues with the ongoing development of RIS3 across Europe. These include the nature of their experimentalist polity, the further reform of regional research and innovation systems, the rising status of monitoring and evaluation as a strategic diagnostic tool, and the need to re-enforce synergies between EU policy instruments and across EU regions.
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