Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poplar Clones

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Poplar Clones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Poplar Clones"

1

Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Value production of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 6 (July 7, 2008): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2008-jfs.

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The results of research on the value production of the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 carried out in Slovakia are presented. Models of value yield tables were constructed separately for each clone. The models simulate gross and net financial yield of wood production in dependence on the site index and age of stand. They were constructed on the basis of the models of assortment yield tables, timber prices according to assortments and the models of own costs of timber felling and processing. The clone I-214 produces a faster and higher proportion of thicker assortments of average and below-average quality, and therefore it has the higher value production at a younger age only. Robusta produces smaller diameter but higher quality assortments and has the higher value production only at an older age. The site index of the stand is the most important factor in the value production of poplar clones. Differences in the production between site indexes are much greater than between the clones.
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Servo, Goran, Jovana Devetaković, and Vladan Ivetić. "Comparison of seedling quality between autochthonous and poplar clones." REFORESTA, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.3.05.29.

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Autochthonous poplar species were neglected during the intense establishment of plantations using various selected clones. This paper presents the results of seedlings quality comparison of two autochthonous poplars and three clones of poplar (129/81, I-214 and PE 19/66) in order to determine capabilities for mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. The seedlings of clone 129/81 have the largest diameter and height, and the seedlings of black poplar shows the smallest values. Seedlings of gray poplar have similar values as seedlings of clone PE 19/66, except diameter on 1 m above the ground. Clone I–214 shows least values relative to seedlings of other two clones. The results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. Considering that the seedlings are used primarily for the purposes of conservation, the existing manufacturing technology, as well as the applicable standards of quality seedlings, which are used for highly productive clones of poplar, should be adapted to the production of a large number of genotypes.
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Nelson, Neil D., William E. Berguson, Bernard G. McMahon, Richard Meilan, Lawrence B. Smart, Fred E. Gouker, Paul Bloese, et al. "Discovery of Geographically Robust Hybrid Poplar Clones." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0018.

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Abstract Hybrid poplar clonal growth in the states (regions) of Minnesota (MN), Indiana (IN), Michigan (MI), and New York (NY) USA was analyzed to discover 10 geographically robust (geo-robust) clones, all P. deltoides x P. nigra (D x N) hybrids previously tested and screened in MN, that were broadly adapted across latitudinal and longitudinal ranges of 9 and 20 degrees, respectively. The clonal effect for growth explained 25 to 36 % of the total variance, 2.5–4.1 times the clone x site interaction. Clone explained 24 to 46 % of total variation in canker occurrence on two sites. Genetic gain in growth was calculated relative to commercial check clones. Genetic gain in growth of geo-robust clones exceeded that of random clones by 24 to 44 %. Geo-robust clones and the best clones on each site were not significantly different on the MN sites, but best clones outperformed geo-robust clones on the other sites by 10 to 39 % genetic gain. Geo-robust clones grew faster than commercial check clones on all but the MI site. The reduction in genetic gain for growth due to using broadly adapted clones relative to the best clones has to be compared to the additional costs and benefits of multiple breeding zones.
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Rogers, Elizabeth, Ronald Zalesny, Richard Hallett, William Headlee, and Adam Wiese. "Relationships among Root–Shoot Ratio, Early Growth, and Health of Hybrid Poplar and Willow Clones Grown in Different Landfill Soils." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010049.

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Root–shoot allocation of biomass is an underrepresented criterion that could be used for tree selection in phytoremediation. We evaluated how root–shoot allocations relate to biomass production and overall health of poplar and willow clones grown in landfill soil treatments. Fifteen poplar clones and nine willows were grown in a greenhouse for 65 days in soils from five Wisconsin landfills and one greenhouse control. We tested for treatment, clone, and interaction differences in root–shoot ratio (RSR), health, and growth index, along with relationships between RSR with diameter, health, height, total biomass, and growth index. Treatments, clones, and their interactions were not significantly different for poplar RSR, but willow clones differed (p = 0.0049). Health significantly varied among willow clones (p < 0.0001) and among the clone × treatment interaction for poplars (p = 0.0196). Analysis of means showed that willow clones ‘Allegany’ and ‘S365’ exhibited 28% and 21% significantly greater health scores than the overall mean, respectively. Root–shoot ratio was not significantly correlated with health in either genus but was positively correlated with growth index for poplars, which was corroborated via regression analyses. Selecting clones based on a combination of biomass allocation, health, and growth indices may be useful for using phyto-recurrent selection to satisfy site-specific ecosystem services objectives.
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Fatemeh, Ahmadloo, Calagari Mohsen, Salehi Azadeh, and Goodarzi Gholam Reza. "Investigation of rooting and growth characteristics of poplar clones in hydroponic and soil cultures." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 5 (May 31, 2018): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2018-jfs.

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In this study, rooting and growth characteristics of different poplar clones from six species including Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall clone Lux, Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia (Pursh) W. Wettstein clone 17/13, Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier clone 561/41, P. deltoides clone Samsun, Populus alba Linnaeus clone 49/9, Populus caspica (Bornmüller) Bornmüller, and Populus euphratica Olivier in hydroponic and soil cultures have been evaluated. In hydroponic culture, poplar cuttings were grown in plastic tanks and in soil culture, poplar cuttings were planted into plastic pots with 12 replications for each clone. The pot experiment was a Complete Randomized Design. Root length, stem diameter, stem height, and root and shoot dry matter of poplar plants were studied in hydroponic culture after 84 days and in soil culture three times at 6, 12, 18 weeks in 2017. In hydroponic culture, the cuttings of P. deltoides Lux and P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and of P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica were among the first and last clones that rooted, respectively. Also, the lowest rate of rooting was observed in P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica clones. The highest values of all parameters except root length were obtained in P. euphratica. The highest root length and stem diameter were observed in clones of P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, P. euramericana 561/41, and P. deltoides Samsun. In soil culture, P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and P. alba 49/9 showed the highest percentage of rooting compared to the other clones at the first measurement. All the clones except the clone of P. euphratica reached above 40 cm root length in each of the three measurement periods. The highest stem diameter, stem height, and shoot dry matter were obtained in clone of P. deltoides Lux and root dry matter in clone of P. alba 49/9.
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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Models of assortment yield tables for poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 5 (May 22, 2008): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2008-jfs.

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The results of research on the production of raw timber assortments for the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in Slovakia are presented in this paper. Models of assortment yield tables were constructed, separately for each clone, in dependence on the yield class and stand age. The construction was based on the models of yield tables, stand assortment tables, models of external quality and damage to stems. Robusta clone produces by about 15–20% higher proportions of the highest quality assortments than I-214 clone. I-214 clone produces faster and higher proportions of average- and below-average quality assortments.
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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Diameter structure of the stands of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 4 (May 3, 2010): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2009-jfs.

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The construction of a continuous mathematical model of frequency distributions of the diameters of trees of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in dependence on tree diameter and mean diameter of stand is presented. Empirical material consists of diameter measurements on research plots from poplar regions in Slovakia. There were 90 plots for I-214 clone and 142 plots for Robusta clone. There were about 10&ndash;250 trees with mean diameter 2&ndash;70 cm on the research plots. The model was derived according to the three-parameter Weibull function. Its parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood method of the logarithm of the probability density function. Smoothed sample probability densities were processed in continuous mathematical models where the probability density of trees in stands is a function of their diameters and mean diameter of the stand. The method of regression smoothing of the parameters of Weibull function from sample sets in dependence on their mean diameter was used. In the whole range of mean diameters both clones have slightly left-skewed distribution with a relatively small variation range.
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LeBoldus, Jared M., Peter V. Blenis, and Barb R. Thomas. "Clone by isolate interaction in the hybrid poplar – Septoria musiva pathosystem." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 7 (July 2008): 1888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-042.

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Fourteen clones of hybrid poplar were inoculated with 19 isolates of Septoria musiva Peck under greenhouse conditions to determine the magnitude of the clone, isolate, and clone × isolate interaction effects. Septoria musiva isolates were collected from five geographic areas, two symptoms (canker and leaf spot), and two host types (native species and hybrid poplar). The hybrid poplar clones were classified by parent type ( Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., Populus laurifolia Lebed. × Populus nigra L., and P. deltoides × (P. laurifolia × P. nigra)). There were no significant differences among geographic areas (p = 0.443), symptoms (p = 0.842), or hosts (p = 0.304) of origin for the 19 isolates nor significant differences among the three parent types (p = 0.089). Clone, isolate, and clone × isolate interaction effects were all significant, accounting for 65%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, of the explained variation. These results indicate that clones rather than parent types should be the focus of resistance screening programs and that the pathosystem should be stable given the relatively small clone × isolate interaction. These results also indicate that a single isolate should be sufficient for preliminary screening of disease resistance in hybrid poplars.
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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Quality of wood in the stands of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 1 (January 17, 2008): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/791-jfs.

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The results obtained in research on the quality of raw timber by means of the structure of assortments for the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 are presented in the paper. Models for an estimation of the structure of basic assortments of poplar stands were constructed separately for each clone in dependence on mean diameter, quality of stems, and damage to stems in the stand. The clone Robusta has higher proportions of higher-quality assortments than the clone I-214. The accuracy of models was determined on empirical material. It was confirmed by statistical tests that the models did not have a systematic error. The relative root mean-square error for main assortments of the clone I-214 is 15–27% and Robusta 13–24%.
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Jessen, Brenda L., Geno A. Picchioni, and John G. Mexal. "287 Total Biomass and Ion Accumulaton of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hybrid Populus, and Robinia pseudoacacia Irrigated with Saline Municipal Wastewater." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491F—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491f.

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A field study was conducted in 1997 and 1998 in Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico, to compare biomass production potential and ion uptake capacity of seven tree species and clones, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (4016, 4019, and 505), hybrid Populus (029, 197, and 367), and seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia irrigated with saline municipal wastewater. Total dry biomass production was greatest with poplar clone 367 (657 g) and eucalypt clone 4019 (643 g). Both clones also provided the most aboveground biomass (463 and 528 g, respectively), essentially because of their greater stem biomass (274 and 234 g, respectively). Poplar clone 367 had the highest lateral branch biomass (84 g), followed by eucalypt clone 4019 (75 g). The clones with the greatest leaf biomass were eucalypt clone 4019 (179 g), followed by eucalypt clone 505 (148 g) and poplar clone 367 (145 g). In all tree selections, Cl concentration was highest in the leaves with poplar clone 197 having the highest concentration (>2%), but the lowest subsequent winter survival at just 55%. The tree with the second lowest survival rate, poplar clone 029 (76%), also had the second highest Cl concentration in its leaves, almost 1.5% Cl. Eucalypt clones 4019 and 4016 accumulated the most total Cl in its tissues (327 and 236 g per tree, respectively) followed by poplar clone 029 (216 g per tree). Eucalypt clone 4019 accumulated the most Na in its tissues (109 g per tree) followed by poplar clone 367 (74 g per tree). In conclusion, poplar clone 367 and eucalypt clone 4019 seem to be sufficiently salt-tolerant for these saline conditions, having high survival, growth, and biomass capacity and perform well under high biomass-generating, short rotation conditions. Eucalypt clone 4019 is also an effective accumulator of Cl and Na ions and may be the most suitable tree for the remediation of salt-affected land in these experimental conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poplar Clones"

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Peszlen, Ilona. "Influence of site, clone, age, and growth rate on wood properties of three Populus X Euramericana clones." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40146.

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Dowell, Ryan. "Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4549.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 7, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Kargiolaki, Hariklia. "The response of poplar clones to atmospheric pollution by ozone and sulphur dioxide." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253283.

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4

Ali, Wael. "Modelling of Biomass Production Potential of Poplar in Short Rotation Plantations on Agricultural Lands of Saxony, Germany." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1237199867841-24821.

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The interest in renewables for energy has increased in the last 2-3 decades because of the negative environmental impact caused by the burning of fossil fuels, the raising prices of traditional fuels, the dependence on foreign oil, and the decrease in fossil fuels resources. Biomass energy represents one of the most promising alternatives. Many studies worldwide were devoted to investigate growth and yield of short rotation forestry plantations for energetic use and several empirical and process-based models were developed to predict the potential production of biomass. The current work was concentrated on modelling site productivity (potential of biomass production) of specific poplar clones planted on arable Saxon land under different stocking densities. Empirical data collected from several experimental areas were used. Site productivity has been predicted depending on stand age and site variables using a two-step model. In step one age and site variables were used to model stand dominant height and in step two the constructed dominant height was involved with stocking density to predict stand oven dried biomass. Depending on data availability the model was parameterized for four different groups of poplar clones: Androscoggin (clone Androscoggin), Matrix (Matrix and hybrid 275), Max (Max 1 …Max 5) and Münden (clone Münden). Both stand dominant height and stand dry biomass were modelled for ages 2 – 9 years for clone groups: Matrix and Max and for ages 2 – 7 years for clone groups: Androscoggin and Münden. The model has been tested and validated using several statistical and graphical methods. The relative bias (ē %) in the dominant height estimates ranged between 0.5 % &gt; ē % &gt; - 0.5 % in all clone groups and had a maximum bias of 10.41 % in stand biomass estimates. Model accuracy (mx %) in the dominant height estimates ranged between 12.25 and 17.56 % and between 8.05 and 27.32 % in stand biomass estimates. Two different scenarios were presented to show the potential of biomass that can be produced from poplar plantations on arable and former fallow Saxon lands at different stocking densities. ArcGIS has been used to visualize model application results. In order to produce a mean annual increment ≥ 8 [dry t/ha/a] from poplar plantations (Max group) for more than 50 % of arable or former fallow lands in the first rotation at least 9 years are required under stocking density of 4000 stems/ha and 7 years for both stocking densities 8333 and 10,000 stems/ha
Die Nachfrage nach Holz für energetische Zwecke nimmt in Deutschland und ganz Europa zu. Um diesen Bedarf künftig besser befriedigen zu können, müssen verstärkt Ressourcen aus verschiedenen Quellen wie z. B. Holz aus Niederwäldern oder Durchforstungsreserven im Hochwald mobilisiert und ergänzend Holz in Kurzumtriebsflächen produziert werden (Guericke, M. 2006). Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Ertragspotential von Pappelklonen in Kurzumtriebsplantagen unterschiedlicher Baumdichte auf sächsischen Ackerflächen zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurden die potentiellen Erträge anhand empirischer, auf verschiedenen Versuchsflächen erhobener Daten modelliert. Zur Schätzung des Ertragspotentials wurde ein zweistufiges Modell entwickelt: Im ersten Schritt erfolgte die Modellierung der Oberhöhe eines Bestandes (ho, m) in Abhängigkeit von Bestandesalter und Standortfaktoren unter Verwendung einer multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse, dabei wurden Bestimmtheitsmaße (R²) von 0,975 bis 0,989 erreicht. In einem zweiten Schritt lässt sich dann der Biomassevorrat [tatro/ha/a] mittels nichtlinearer Regressionsanalyse durch die Bestandesoberhöhe schätzen. Das Bestimmtheitsmaß von R² ≥ 0,933 weist auch hier auf eine hohe Anpassungsgüte hin. Die Modellparametrisierung erfolgte für folgende vier Gruppen von Pappelklonen: • Max-Gruppe: Klone Max 1, Max 2, Max 3, Max 4 und Max 5, Altersbereich 2 – 9 Jahre, Baumdichten von 1150 – 13000 Stämmen/ha; • Matrix-Gruppe: Klon Matrix und Hybride 275, Altersbereich 2 – 9 Jahre, Baumdichte 1550 Stämme/ha; • Androscoggin-Gruppe: Klon Androscoggin, Altersbereich 2 – 7 Jahre, Baumdichte 1550 Stämme/ha; und • Münden-Gruppe: Klon Münden, Altersbereich 2 – 7 Jahre, Baumdichte 1550 Stämme/ha. Die Güte des Modells wurde mit Hilfe verschiedener statistischer Verfahren überprüft. Bei der Validierung anhand des Datensatzes, welcher für die Modellkonstruktion Verwendung fand, zeigte das Modell eine Verzerrung bzw. einen Bias von 0,5 % &gt; ē % &gt; - 0,5 % bei der Bestandesoberhöhenschätzung und einen maximalen Bias von 10,41 % bei der Schätzung der Bestandesbiomasse. Die Treffgenauigkeit (mx %) des Modells hingegen variierte zwischen 12,25 % und 17,56 % bzw. 8,05 und 27,32 % (bei Schätzung der Bestandesoberhöhe bzw. der Bestandesbiomasse). Zudem wies das Modell keinen systematischen Fehler zwischen den geschätzten und den realen Werten auf. Bei der Validierung mit einem unabhängigen Datensatz betrug die Treffgenauigkeit (mx %) für die Schätzung der Bestandsoberhöhe und des Biomassevorrates 15,72 bzw. 26,68 %. Um das Ertragspotenzial von Pappelplantagen für die gesamte sächsische Ackerfläche bzw. die gesamte ehemalige Stilllegungsfläche zu bestimmen, wurden die zu Schätzung erforderlichen Standortvariablen auf Gemeindebasis kalkuliert, mittels ArcGIS dargestellt sowie Simulationsrechungen für verschiedene Bestandsdichten vorgenommen und ebenfalls visualisiert. Den Ergebnissen der Simulationsrechnungen zufolge wäre bei einer Stammzahl von 4000 N/ha eine Rotationslänge von 9 Jahren, bei 8333 bis 10.000 N/ha von 7 Jahren erforderlich, um einen durchschnittlichen Gesamtzuwachs (dGz) von ≥ 8 [tatro/ha/a] auf mehr als 50 % der sächsischen Ackerflächen bzw. ehemaligen Stilllegungsflächen in erster Rotation zu erreichen. Würde die gesamte ehemalige sächsische Stilllegungsfläche mit einer Baumdichte von 10.000 Stämmen/ha bepflanzt werden, könnten Pappelplantagen im Alter 9 einen dGz von 520.000 [tatro/a] (entsprechend 250.000 Kubikmeter Diesel) erreichen. Bei Bestockung aller sächsischen Ackerflächen würde sich der Ertrag auf bis zu 9.087.000 [tatro/a] (entsprechend 4.367.000 Kubikmeter Diesel) erhöhen
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5

Ali, Wael. "Modelling of Biomass Production Potential of Poplar in Short Rotation Plantations on Agricultural Lands of Saxony, Germany." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23743.

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The interest in renewables for energy has increased in the last 2-3 decades because of the negative environmental impact caused by the burning of fossil fuels, the raising prices of traditional fuels, the dependence on foreign oil, and the decrease in fossil fuels resources. Biomass energy represents one of the most promising alternatives. Many studies worldwide were devoted to investigate growth and yield of short rotation forestry plantations for energetic use and several empirical and process-based models were developed to predict the potential production of biomass. The current work was concentrated on modelling site productivity (potential of biomass production) of specific poplar clones planted on arable Saxon land under different stocking densities. Empirical data collected from several experimental areas were used. Site productivity has been predicted depending on stand age and site variables using a two-step model. In step one age and site variables were used to model stand dominant height and in step two the constructed dominant height was involved with stocking density to predict stand oven dried biomass. Depending on data availability the model was parameterized for four different groups of poplar clones: Androscoggin (clone Androscoggin), Matrix (Matrix and hybrid 275), Max (Max 1 …Max 5) and Münden (clone Münden). Both stand dominant height and stand dry biomass were modelled for ages 2 – 9 years for clone groups: Matrix and Max and for ages 2 – 7 years for clone groups: Androscoggin and Münden. The model has been tested and validated using several statistical and graphical methods. The relative bias (ē %) in the dominant height estimates ranged between 0.5 % &gt; ē % &gt; - 0.5 % in all clone groups and had a maximum bias of 10.41 % in stand biomass estimates. Model accuracy (mx %) in the dominant height estimates ranged between 12.25 and 17.56 % and between 8.05 and 27.32 % in stand biomass estimates. Two different scenarios were presented to show the potential of biomass that can be produced from poplar plantations on arable and former fallow Saxon lands at different stocking densities. ArcGIS has been used to visualize model application results. In order to produce a mean annual increment ≥ 8 [dry t/ha/a] from poplar plantations (Max group) for more than 50 % of arable or former fallow lands in the first rotation at least 9 years are required under stocking density of 4000 stems/ha and 7 years for both stocking densities 8333 and 10,000 stems/ha.
Die Nachfrage nach Holz für energetische Zwecke nimmt in Deutschland und ganz Europa zu. Um diesen Bedarf künftig besser befriedigen zu können, müssen verstärkt Ressourcen aus verschiedenen Quellen wie z. B. Holz aus Niederwäldern oder Durchforstungsreserven im Hochwald mobilisiert und ergänzend Holz in Kurzumtriebsflächen produziert werden (Guericke, M. 2006). Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Ertragspotential von Pappelklonen in Kurzumtriebsplantagen unterschiedlicher Baumdichte auf sächsischen Ackerflächen zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurden die potentiellen Erträge anhand empirischer, auf verschiedenen Versuchsflächen erhobener Daten modelliert. Zur Schätzung des Ertragspotentials wurde ein zweistufiges Modell entwickelt: Im ersten Schritt erfolgte die Modellierung der Oberhöhe eines Bestandes (ho, m) in Abhängigkeit von Bestandesalter und Standortfaktoren unter Verwendung einer multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse, dabei wurden Bestimmtheitsmaße (R²) von 0,975 bis 0,989 erreicht. In einem zweiten Schritt lässt sich dann der Biomassevorrat [tatro/ha/a] mittels nichtlinearer Regressionsanalyse durch die Bestandesoberhöhe schätzen. Das Bestimmtheitsmaß von R² ≥ 0,933 weist auch hier auf eine hohe Anpassungsgüte hin. Die Modellparametrisierung erfolgte für folgende vier Gruppen von Pappelklonen: • Max-Gruppe: Klone Max 1, Max 2, Max 3, Max 4 und Max 5, Altersbereich 2 – 9 Jahre, Baumdichten von 1150 – 13000 Stämmen/ha; • Matrix-Gruppe: Klon Matrix und Hybride 275, Altersbereich 2 – 9 Jahre, Baumdichte 1550 Stämme/ha; • Androscoggin-Gruppe: Klon Androscoggin, Altersbereich 2 – 7 Jahre, Baumdichte 1550 Stämme/ha; und • Münden-Gruppe: Klon Münden, Altersbereich 2 – 7 Jahre, Baumdichte 1550 Stämme/ha. Die Güte des Modells wurde mit Hilfe verschiedener statistischer Verfahren überprüft. Bei der Validierung anhand des Datensatzes, welcher für die Modellkonstruktion Verwendung fand, zeigte das Modell eine Verzerrung bzw. einen Bias von 0,5 % &gt; ē % &gt; - 0,5 % bei der Bestandesoberhöhenschätzung und einen maximalen Bias von 10,41 % bei der Schätzung der Bestandesbiomasse. Die Treffgenauigkeit (mx %) des Modells hingegen variierte zwischen 12,25 % und 17,56 % bzw. 8,05 und 27,32 % (bei Schätzung der Bestandesoberhöhe bzw. der Bestandesbiomasse). Zudem wies das Modell keinen systematischen Fehler zwischen den geschätzten und den realen Werten auf. Bei der Validierung mit einem unabhängigen Datensatz betrug die Treffgenauigkeit (mx %) für die Schätzung der Bestandsoberhöhe und des Biomassevorrates 15,72 bzw. 26,68 %. Um das Ertragspotenzial von Pappelplantagen für die gesamte sächsische Ackerfläche bzw. die gesamte ehemalige Stilllegungsfläche zu bestimmen, wurden die zu Schätzung erforderlichen Standortvariablen auf Gemeindebasis kalkuliert, mittels ArcGIS dargestellt sowie Simulationsrechungen für verschiedene Bestandsdichten vorgenommen und ebenfalls visualisiert. Den Ergebnissen der Simulationsrechnungen zufolge wäre bei einer Stammzahl von 4000 N/ha eine Rotationslänge von 9 Jahren, bei 8333 bis 10.000 N/ha von 7 Jahren erforderlich, um einen durchschnittlichen Gesamtzuwachs (dGz) von ≥ 8 [tatro/ha/a] auf mehr als 50 % der sächsischen Ackerflächen bzw. ehemaligen Stilllegungsflächen in erster Rotation zu erreichen. Würde die gesamte ehemalige sächsische Stilllegungsfläche mit einer Baumdichte von 10.000 Stämmen/ha bepflanzt werden, könnten Pappelplantagen im Alter 9 einen dGz von 520.000 [tatro/a] (entsprechend 250.000 Kubikmeter Diesel) erreichen. Bei Bestockung aller sächsischen Ackerflächen würde sich der Ertrag auf bis zu 9.087.000 [tatro/a] (entsprechend 4.367.000 Kubikmeter Diesel) erhöhen.
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Ružica, Ždero Pavlović. "Biohemijski mehanizmi otpornosti klonova topole (Populus spp.) na vodni stres." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104887&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljalo je ispitivanje uticaja vodnog stresa izazvanog  sa polietilen glikolom (PEG)  6000 na biohemijske osobine klonova topole. Reznice tri klona topole (M-1, B-229 i PE19/66) su hidroponski gajene i izložene 100 mOsm i 200 mOsm PEG 6000  tokom šest dana. Nakon tretmana u kontrolnim i stresiranimbiljkama su  ispitane promene aktivnosti antioksidantnih enzima,  aktivnost dvaenzimska markera polifenolnog metabolizma, fenolni profil, antioksidantna aktivnost, kao i sadržaj prolina i glicin betaina  (GB). Takođe, ispitan je biohemijski odgovor kulture tkiva klona M-1 na vodni stres izazvan sa PEG 6000.U oba eksperimenta uočeno je da je akumulacija prolina i GB u uslovima vodnog stresa izazvanog sa PEG 6000 najvažnija strategija u otpornosti na stres i prevazilaženju vodnog deficita, tako da se ovi parametri mogu definisati kao najbolji indikatori otpornosti topole na sušu.Rezultati ovog istraživanjaupotpunjavaju saznanja o povezanosti oksidativnog stresa uzrokovanog vodnim stresom sa antioksidantnim odgovorom, nivoom oštećenja lipida i proteina, uključivanjem osmolita kao i promenama u polifenolnom profilu. Takođe, dobijeni rezultati su značajni za odabir klonova topola tolerantnih na vodni stres  i  zapošumljavanje sušnih staništa, kojih će biti sve više usled negativnog uticaja klimatskih promena.
The aim of presented doctoral thesis was investigation of the impact of water deficit caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on biochemical features of poplar clones.  During six days, cuttings of three poplar clones (M-1, B-229 and PE 19/66) were grown in hydroponics and subjected to 100 and 200 mOsm PEG 6000. Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol characterization, two enzymatic markers of polyphenol metabolism, antioxidant capacity, as well as proline and glycine betaine content were investigated in stressed plants. Furthermore,  assessment of  biochemical response of poplar clone M-1 tissue culture to water stress induced by PEG 6000 was performed.In both experiments, the most important strategy for stress resistance and overcoming water deficiency was accumulation of proline and glycine betaine so these parameters can be defined as the best indicators of poplar resistance to drought.The results of this study complete  the findings on the oxidative stress caused by water stress  and their relationship with the antioxidant response, the level of lipid andprotein damage, accumulation of the osmolites and changes in the polyphenol profile. Also, the obtained results may be important for the selection of poplar clones resistant to water stress and for afforestation in arid sites, which appeared to be more numerous due to the effects of  global climate change.
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Karačić, Almir. "Production and ecological aspects of short rotation poplars in Sweden /." Uppsala : Dept. of Short Rotation Forestry, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200513.pdf.

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Mirjana, Topić. "Fiziološki aspekti otpornosti hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.), cera (Quercus cerris L.) i crne topole (Populus nigra L.) u uslovima vodnog deficita." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95391&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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    U radu je ispitan uticaj vodnog deficita na fiziološke osobine klonova crne topole ipopulacija hrasta lužnjaka i cera, kao i mogućnost oporavka ovih biljaka nakon ponovnog uspostavljanja optimalnog vodnog režima. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ukaže na potencijal ispitivanih genotipova topole i hrastova za opstanak u  promenljivim uslovima životne sredine, u skladu sa aktuelnim klimatskim promenama koje uključuju smanjenje količine padavina i ograničenu dostupnost vode. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali specifično variranje ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fizioloških i biohemijskih parametara koje je zavisilo od momentalne vlažnosti zemljišta na primenjenom tretmanu (kontrola, suša praćena oporavkom, konstantna suša) i od genotipa biljke.    Negativan uticaj vodnog  deficita na tretmanu konstantne suše je u najmanjoj meri bio ispoljen na rastenje klona topole X/32, populaciju hrasta lužnjaka L1 i populaciju hrasta cera C1. Indeks tolerancije na stres izračunat na osnovu visine biljke (PHSI) takodje je potvrdio dobru morfološku prilagodjenost pomenutih genotipovana uslove suše. Dobijene vrednosti indeksa stoma ukazuju da vodni status ispitivanih populacija hrastova nije bio naroĉito pogodjen vodnim deficitom na sušnim tretmanima.    Tretman konstantne suše je u oba ogleda  doveo do najvećeg smanjenja vrednostiparametara razmene gasova kod skoro svih genotipova. S druge strane, primenjeni sušni tretmani nisu uslovili smanjenje sadržaja fotosintetiĉkih pigmenata, kao ni parametra Fv/Fm, kod većine ispitivanih biljaka. U odnosu na kontrolu, sadržaj prolina u listovima ispitivanih biljaka na tretmanu konstantne suše bio je    znaĉajno povećan, a aktivnost enzima nitrat-reduktaze značajno smanjena, kod većine genotipova.    Genotipovi kod kojih u uslovima jakog vodnog deficita nije došlo do značajne promene većine ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fizioloških i biohemijskih parametara mogu biti od velike važnosti kad je u pitanju njihov odabir i upotreba za uspešno pošumljavanje sušnih staništa, kojih će biti sve više usled negativnog uticaja brojnih ekoloških činilaca nastalih kao posledica klimatskih promena.
The impact of water deficit and recovery on physiological features of the black poplar clones, as well as of the oaks populations were analyzed. The aim of this research was to indicate the potential of the studied genotypes for survival under changing environmental conditions, in accordance with current climate changes, which include the reduction in amount of rainfall and limited water availability. Obtained results have shown a specific variation of studied morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters which depended on soil humidity on the applied treatment (control, drought followed by recovery and permanent drought), as well as on plant genotype.Water deficit on permanent drought treatment had little negative effect on plant growth of poplar clone X/32, as well as oak populations L1 and C1. Plant height stress tolerance index also confirmed good morphological adaptation to drought of these genotypes. Stomatal index was not negatively affected by water deficit in oak plants.     In both experiments, a permanent drought treatment led to the largest reduction in the values of gas exchange parameters in almost all genotypes.On the other hand, concentration of  photosynthetic pigments was not considerably decreased in plants exposed to water deficit, as well as the parameter Fv/Fm, in most examined plants. Compared to the control, the impact of permanent drought treatment  on biochemical parameters was expected, in the most cases.     Compared to the control, proline content in leaves of most examined genotypes was significantly increased on permanent drought treatment, while nitrate reductase activity was significantly decreased.Examined genotypes exhibiting slight or no reduction in values of the most  examined parameters during severe  drought stress, could be used for afforestation in arid sites. Arid habitats appeared to be more numerous due to the effects of global climate changes.
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Brown, Kimberly Jo. "Canopy architecture of clonal hybrid Populus : implications for light reflectance, interception, and physiology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5544.

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Griffeth, Thomas J. "Hyperspectral reflectance as an indicator of foliar nutrient levels in hybrid poplar clone OP-367 grown on biosolid amended soil." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9363.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Biological Resources Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Books on the topic "Poplar Clones"

1

Styan, Garrie. Pulping evaluation of aspen clones and hybrid poplars. Edmonton, Alta: Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 1996.

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Ostry, Michael E. Populus species and hybrid clones resistant to Melampsora, Marssonia, and Septoria. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Castle, M. E. Popular clone. New York: Egmont USA, 2012.

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Dewar, Elaine. The second tree: Of clones, chimeras, and quests for immortality. Toronto: Random House Canada, 2004.

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The second tree: Stem cells, clones, chimeras and quests for immortality. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004.

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Send in the clones: A cultural study of the tribute band. Oakville, CT: Equinox Pub., 2011.

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Pelkonen, P. Poplar clonal variation in frost hardiness and electrical impedance during the fall. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1985.

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Susan, Perry. The secrets our body clocks reveal. New York: Rawson Associates, 1988.

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Zsuffa, Louis. The establishment of isozyme gene markers for identification of important poplar hybrids and clonal varieties. [Toronto?: Canada Ontario Forest Resource Development Agreement?, 1988.

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Biological clocks: Your owner's manual. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poplar Clones"

1

Pinon, J. "Variability in Pathogenicity of Poplar Rusts (Melampsora spp.) and the Selection for Durable Resistance in Cultivated Poplar Clones." In Durability of Disease Resistance, 339. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2004-3_66.

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Peuke, A. D., and R. Tischner. "Effects of variation in nitrogen nutrition on growth of poplar (Populus trichocarpa) clones." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 53–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_9.

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Mooi, Jan, and Hans-Joachim Ballach. "Studies on Poplar Clones after Exposure in Open-Top Chambers to Flue Gas from an Atmospheric Fluidised Bed-Boiler (AFBB)." In Mechanisms and Effects of Pollutant-Transfer into Forests, 323–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1023-2_36.

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Zsuffa, L., L. Sennerby-Forsse, H. Weisgerber, and R. B. Hall. "Strategies for Clonal Forestry with Poplars, Aspens, and Willows." In Clonal Forestry II, 91–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84813-1_5.

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Chun, Young Woo. "Clonal propagation in non-aspen poplar hybrids." In Micropropagation of Woody Plants, 209–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8116-5_13.

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Molloy, Claire. "Wild: Authenticity and Getting Closer to Nature." In Popular Media and Animals, 64–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230306240_4.

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Condon, Edward U. "Silver Anniversary of Atomic Clocks." In Selected Popular Writings of E.U. Condon, 341–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3066-3_44.

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Lemire, Beverly. "The Theft of Clothes and Popular Consumerism." In Dress, Culture and Commerce, 121–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230372757_6.

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George, Jossy, Akhil M. Nair, and S. Yathish. "Analysis of Market Behavior Using Popular Digital Design Technical Indicators and Neural Network." In Expert Clouds and Applications, 445–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2126-0_37.

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Boswell, Matthew. "Post-Punk: Joy Division, Closer." In Holocaust Impiety in Literature, Popular Music and Film, 114–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230358690_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Poplar Clones"

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Tabatskaya, T. M., E. Yu Amineva, and O. S. Mashkina. "Biotechnological assessment of the birch and poplar collection material in salt stress in vitro culture." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-96.

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A biotechnological assessment (growth, viability, preservation of regeneration potentials) of 16 clones of different birch and poplar species, hybrids and polyploids under saline NaCl conditions in vitro culture was carried out. Three methods of selective exposure to the stressor were tested: chronic (0.2 % NaCl), stair-step (staged increase in the NaCl content in the nutrient medium from 0.2 % to 1.0 %) and hard (1.0 % NaCl). An algorithm for the formation of a selective in vitro system for differentiation and selection of birch and poplar resistant clones under conditions of artificial salinization is proposed.
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Шабанова, Е. А., and Н. И. Внукова. "INFLUENCE OF THE NUTRIENT MEDIUM COMPOSITION ON THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF POPLAR AND ASPEN CLONES IN VITRO AFTER LONG-TERM LOWTEMPERATURE EXPOSURE." In Материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Геномика и современные биотехнологии в размножении, селекции и сохранении растений». Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47882/genbio.2020.15.51.058.

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Saulino, Luigi, Maurizio Teobaldelli, Francesco Cona, Luigi Todaro, and Antonio Saracino. "Diameter distribution and stool biomass partitioning in a native black poplar population and in a selected hybrid poplar clone under short rotation forestry." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-ls-dia.

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Yu, Peng. "Research on the Popular Law of the Clothes Market." In International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-16.2016.127.

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Matsushita, Tsubasa, and Isao Sasano. "Detecting code clones with gaps by function applications." In POPL '17: The 44th Annual ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3018882.3018892.

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Mochizuki, Hajime, and Kohji Shibano. "Detecting Topics Popular in the Recent Past from a Closed Caption TV Corpus as a Categorized Chronicle Data." In Special Session on Research and Development on Business Process Management. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005612103420349.

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Eisenberg, Richard A., Dimitrios Vytiniotis, Simon Peyton Jones, and Stephanie Weirich. "Closed type families with overlapping equations." In POPL '14: The 41st Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2535838.2535856.

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Yonghe, Chu, Hongfei Lin, Liang Yang, Yufeng Diao, Shaowu Zhang, and Fan Xiaochao. "Refining Word Representations by Manifold Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/749.

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Pre-trained distributed word representations have been proven useful in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the effect of words’ geometric structure on word representations has not been carefully studied yet. The existing word representations methods underestimate the words whose distances are close in the Euclidean space, while overestimating words with a much greater distance. In this paper, we propose a word vector refinement model to correct the pre-trained word embedding, which brings the similarity of words in Euclidean space closer to word semantics by using manifold learning. This approach is theoretically founded in the metric recovery paradigm. Our word representations have been evaluated on a variety of lexical-level intrinsic tasks (semantic relatedness, semantic similarity) and the experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several popular word representations approaches.
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Layton, Astrid, Bert Bras, John Reap, and Marc Weissburg. "Biologically Inspired Closed Loop Manufacturing Networks." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63958.

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In this paper we use ecology metrics to analyze closed loop manufacturing networks, specifically eco-industrial parks. Eco-industrial parks (EIP) have become a popular manifestation of sustainable initiatives around the world. EIP examples and proposals have met with varying success. We create here three groupings of industrial networks based on the values of cyclicity, a metric used by ecologists to classify the presence and strength of the structural cycling of materials and energy in a system. Ecological food web structures are naturally evolved closed-loop systems and as such exhibit relatively high cyclicity values. Comparing average biological values for cyclicity, among other metrics, to average values for industrial systems we may begin to reach conclusions on the success of the biological inspiration of these structures. The industrial networks have been grouped into industrial systems with cyclicity values of zero, industrial systems with very high cyclicity values which have not moved beyond the proposal stage, and cyclicity values for those industrial networks which have been successful. The results of these comparisons give insight into what structural properties eco-industrial parks should possibly focus on to better imitate the efficient and sustainable cycling representative of biological networks.
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Jawale, H. P., and H. T. Thorat. "Comparison of Closed Chain Mechanisms for Positional Deviations." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88522.

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Closed Chain Mechanisms are popular in Automation Technology for transmitting motion under specific objective task. Single-Degree of Freedom (DoF) Four-bar chain is basic mechanisms synthesized for such applications. Joint clearances and drive backlash are inevitable in such mechanisms and introduce error in coupler positions while accomplishing the task. The present paper considers effect of joint clearances and drive backlash as error source for coupler positions in single-DoF mechanism. The deviations of desired positions and actual positions are estimated for specific objective task. Further, effect of these error sources is modelled with a higher-DoF mechanism which is kinematically better than single-DoF mechanisms. Two-DoF mechanism is modelled for identical objective task. Maximum positional deviations are estimated for two-DoF mechanism. The comparative analysis of deviation is obtained. Relative maximum positional deviation in both mechanisms is expressed in terms of dimensionless number as measure of performance.
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Reports on the topic "Poplar Clones"

1

Parresol, Bernard R., and Fuliang Cao. An Investigation of Crystalline Intensity of the Wood of Poplar Clones Grown in Jiangsu Province, China. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-011.

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2

Parresol, Bernard R., and Fuliang Cao. An Investigation of Crystalline Intensity of the Wood of Poplar Clones Grown in Jiangsu Province, China. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-11.

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3

Netzer, D. A., D. N. Tolsted, M. E. Ostry, J. G. Isebrands, D. E. Riemenschneider, and K. T. Ward. Growth, yield, and disease resistance of 7- to 12-year-old poplar clones in the north central United States. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-229.

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Bożek, Małgorzata. FILM PRODUCTION IN POLAND. STAGES: FROM AN IDEA TO THE SCREEN. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11112.

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The Polish film system is characterized by a variety of forms. Michał Zabłocki, the author of the comprehensive study of the «Organization of the production of feature film in Poland», isolates two models of world cinema: a producer and a producer – director. The first one features the dominant role of the producer, which means the person who is responsible for the work of all the film departments – direction, cinematography, production management, scenography and costume design. The second one, the model which is still the most popular in Poland, assumes close cooperation between the producer and the director.
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Niles, John, and J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.

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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the same development. Public policy seeks to gain high community value from both of these land uses, and there is public interest in understanding the circumstances and locations where one of these two uses should be emphasized over the other. Multiple justifications for each are offered in the professional literature and reviewed in this report. Fundamental to the strategic decision making necessary to allocate public resources toward one use or the other is a determination of the degree to which each approach generates transit ridership. In the research reported here, econometric analysis of GIS data for transit stops, PnR locations, and residential density was employed to measure their influence on transit boardings for samples of transit stops at the main transit agencies in Seattle, Los Angeles, and San José. Results from all three cities indicate that adding 100 parking spaces close to a transit stop has a larger marginal impact than adding 100 housing units. Previous academic research estimating the higher ridership generation per floor area of PnR compared to multi-family TOD housing makes this show of strength for parking an expected finding. At the same time, this report reviews several common public policy justifications for TOD as a preferred land development emphasis near transit stations, such as revenue generation for the transit agency and providing a location for below-market affordable housing where occupants do not need to have a car. If increasing ridership is important for a transit agency, then parking for customers who want to drive to a station is an important option. There may also be additional benefits for park-and-ride in responding to the ongoing pandemic.
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