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1
Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Value production of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 6 (July 7, 2008): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2008-jfs.
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The results of research on the value production of the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 carried out in Slovakia are presented. Models of value yield tables were constructed separately for each clone. The models simulate gross and net financial yield of wood production in dependence on the site index and age of stand. They were constructed on the basis of the models of assortment yield tables, timber prices according to assortments and the models of own costs of timber felling and processing. The clone I-214 produces a faster and higher proportion of thicker assortments of average and below-average quality, and therefore it has the higher value production at a younger age only. Robusta produces smaller diameter but higher quality assortments and has the higher value production only at an older age. The site index of the stand is the most important factor in the value production of poplar clones. Differences in the production between site indexes are much greater than between the clones.
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Servo, Goran, Jovana Devetaković, and Vladan Ivetić. "Comparison of seedling quality between autochthonous and poplar clones." REFORESTA, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.3.05.29.
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Autochthonous poplar species were neglected during the intense establishment of plantations using various selected clones. This paper presents the results of seedlings quality comparison of two autochthonous poplars and three clones of poplar (129/81, I-214 and PE 19/66) in order to determine capabilities for mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. The seedlings of clone 129/81 have the largest diameter and height, and the seedlings of black poplar shows the smallest values. Seedlings of gray poplar have similar values as seedlings of clone PE 19/66, except diameter on 1 m above the ground. Clone I–214 shows least values relative to seedlings of other two clones. The results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. Considering that the seedlings are used primarily for the purposes of conservation, the existing manufacturing technology, as well as the applicable standards of quality seedlings, which are used for highly productive clones of poplar, should be adapted to the production of a large number of genotypes.
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Nelson, Neil D., William E. Berguson, Bernard G. McMahon, Richard Meilan, Lawrence B. Smart, Fred E. Gouker, Paul Bloese, et al. "Discovery of Geographically Robust Hybrid Poplar Clones." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0018.
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Abstract Hybrid poplar clonal growth in the states (regions) of Minnesota (MN), Indiana (IN), Michigan (MI), and New York (NY) USA was analyzed to discover 10 geographically robust (geo-robust) clones, all P. deltoides x P. nigra (D x N) hybrids previously tested and screened in MN, that were broadly adapted across latitudinal and longitudinal ranges of 9 and 20 degrees, respectively. The clonal effect for growth explained 25 to 36 % of the total variance, 2.5–4.1 times the clone x site interaction. Clone explained 24 to 46 % of total variation in canker occurrence on two sites. Genetic gain in growth was calculated relative to commercial check clones. Genetic gain in growth of geo-robust clones exceeded that of random clones by 24 to 44 %. Geo-robust clones and the best clones on each site were not significantly different on the MN sites, but best clones outperformed geo-robust clones on the other sites by 10 to 39 % genetic gain. Geo-robust clones grew faster than commercial check clones on all but the MI site. The reduction in genetic gain for growth due to using broadly adapted clones relative to the best clones has to be compared to the additional costs and benefits of multiple breeding zones.
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Rogers, Elizabeth, Ronald Zalesny, Richard Hallett, William Headlee, and Adam Wiese. "Relationships among Root–Shoot Ratio, Early Growth, and Health of Hybrid Poplar and Willow Clones Grown in Different Landfill Soils." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010049.
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Root–shoot allocation of biomass is an underrepresented criterion that could be used for tree selection in phytoremediation. We evaluated how root–shoot allocations relate to biomass production and overall health of poplar and willow clones grown in landfill soil treatments. Fifteen poplar clones and nine willows were grown in a greenhouse for 65 days in soils from five Wisconsin landfills and one greenhouse control. We tested for treatment, clone, and interaction differences in root–shoot ratio (RSR), health, and growth index, along with relationships between RSR with diameter, health, height, total biomass, and growth index. Treatments, clones, and their interactions were not significantly different for poplar RSR, but willow clones differed (p = 0.0049). Health significantly varied among willow clones (p < 0.0001) and among the clone × treatment interaction for poplars (p = 0.0196). Analysis of means showed that willow clones ‘Allegany’ and ‘S365’ exhibited 28% and 21% significantly greater health scores than the overall mean, respectively. Root–shoot ratio was not significantly correlated with health in either genus but was positively correlated with growth index for poplars, which was corroborated via regression analyses. Selecting clones based on a combination of biomass allocation, health, and growth indices may be useful for using phyto-recurrent selection to satisfy site-specific ecosystem services objectives.
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Fatemeh, Ahmadloo, Calagari Mohsen, Salehi Azadeh, and Goodarzi Gholam Reza. "Investigation of rooting and growth characteristics of poplar clones in hydroponic and soil cultures." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 5 (May 31, 2018): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2018-jfs.
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In this study, rooting and growth characteristics of different poplar clones from six species including Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall clone Lux, Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia (Pursh) W. Wettstein clone 17/13, Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier clone 561/41, P. deltoides clone Samsun, Populus alba Linnaeus clone 49/9, Populus caspica (Bornmüller) Bornmüller, and Populus euphratica Olivier in hydroponic and soil cultures have been evaluated. In hydroponic culture, poplar cuttings were grown in plastic tanks and in soil culture, poplar cuttings were planted into plastic pots with 12 replications for each clone. The pot experiment was a Complete Randomized Design. Root length, stem diameter, stem height, and root and shoot dry matter of poplar plants were studied in hydroponic culture after 84 days and in soil culture three times at 6, 12, 18 weeks in 2017. In hydroponic culture, the cuttings of P. deltoides Lux and P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and of P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica were among the first and last clones that rooted, respectively. Also, the lowest rate of rooting was observed in P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica clones. The highest values of all parameters except root length were obtained in P. euphratica. The highest root length and stem diameter were observed in clones of P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, P. euramericana 561/41, and P. deltoides Samsun. In soil culture, P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and P. alba 49/9 showed the highest percentage of rooting compared to the other clones at the first measurement. All the clones except the clone of P. euphratica reached above 40 cm root length in each of the three measurement periods. The highest stem diameter, stem height, and shoot dry matter were obtained in clone of P. deltoides Lux and root dry matter in clone of P. alba 49/9.
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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Models of assortment yield tables for poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 5 (May 22, 2008): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2008-jfs.
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The results of research on the production of raw timber assortments for the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in Slovakia are presented in this paper. Models of assortment yield tables were constructed, separately for each clone, in dependence on the yield class and stand age. The construction was based on the models of yield tables, stand assortment tables, models of external quality and damage to stems. Robusta clone produces by about 15–20% higher proportions of the highest quality assortments than I-214 clone. I-214 clone produces faster and higher proportions of average- and below-average quality assortments.
7
Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Diameter structure of the stands of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 4 (May 3, 2010): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2009-jfs.
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The construction of a continuous mathematical model of frequency distributions of the diameters of trees of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in dependence on tree diameter and mean diameter of stand is presented. Empirical material consists of diameter measurements on research plots from poplar regions in Slovakia. There were 90 plots for I-214 clone and 142 plots for Robusta clone. There were about 10–250 trees with mean diameter 2–70 cm on the research plots. The model was derived according to the three-parameter Weibull function. Its parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood method of the logarithm of the probability density function. Smoothed sample probability densities were processed in continuous mathematical models where the probability density of trees in stands is a function of their diameters and mean diameter of the stand. The method of regression smoothing of the parameters of Weibull function from sample sets in dependence on their mean diameter was used. In the whole range of mean diameters both clones have slightly left-skewed distribution with a relatively small variation range.
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LeBoldus, Jared M., Peter V. Blenis, and Barb R. Thomas. "Clone by isolate interaction in the hybrid poplar – Septoria musiva pathosystem." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 7 (July 2008): 1888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-042.
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Fourteen clones of hybrid poplar were inoculated with 19 isolates of Septoria musiva Peck under greenhouse conditions to determine the magnitude of the clone, isolate, and clone × isolate interaction effects. Septoria musiva isolates were collected from five geographic areas, two symptoms (canker and leaf spot), and two host types (native species and hybrid poplar). The hybrid poplar clones were classified by parent type ( Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., Populus laurifolia Lebed. × Populus nigra L., and P. deltoides × (P. laurifolia × P. nigra)). There were no significant differences among geographic areas (p = 0.443), symptoms (p = 0.842), or hosts (p = 0.304) of origin for the 19 isolates nor significant differences among the three parent types (p = 0.089). Clone, isolate, and clone × isolate interaction effects were all significant, accounting for 65%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, of the explained variation. These results indicate that clones rather than parent types should be the focus of resistance screening programs and that the pathosystem should be stable given the relatively small clone × isolate interaction. These results also indicate that a single isolate should be sufficient for preliminary screening of disease resistance in hybrid poplars.
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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Quality of wood in the stands of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 1 (January 17, 2008): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/791-jfs.
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The results obtained in research on the quality of raw timber by means of the structure of assortments for the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 are presented in the paper. Models for an estimation of the structure of basic assortments of poplar stands were constructed separately for each clone in dependence on mean diameter, quality of stems, and damage to stems in the stand. The clone Robusta has higher proportions of higher-quality assortments than the clone I-214. The accuracy of models was determined on empirical material. It was confirmed by statistical tests that the models did not have a systematic error. The relative root mean-square error for main assortments of the clone I-214 is 15–27% and Robusta 13–24%.
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Jessen, Brenda L., Geno A. Picchioni, and John G. Mexal. "287 Total Biomass and Ion Accumulaton of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hybrid Populus, and Robinia pseudoacacia Irrigated with Saline Municipal Wastewater." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491F—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491f.
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A field study was conducted in 1997 and 1998 in Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico, to compare biomass production potential and ion uptake capacity of seven tree species and clones, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (4016, 4019, and 505), hybrid Populus (029, 197, and 367), and seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia irrigated with saline municipal wastewater. Total dry biomass production was greatest with poplar clone 367 (657 g) and eucalypt clone 4019 (643 g). Both clones also provided the most aboveground biomass (463 and 528 g, respectively), essentially because of their greater stem biomass (274 and 234 g, respectively). Poplar clone 367 had the highest lateral branch biomass (84 g), followed by eucalypt clone 4019 (75 g). The clones with the greatest leaf biomass were eucalypt clone 4019 (179 g), followed by eucalypt clone 505 (148 g) and poplar clone 367 (145 g). In all tree selections, Cl concentration was highest in the leaves with poplar clone 197 having the highest concentration (>2%), but the lowest subsequent winter survival at just 55%. The tree with the second lowest survival rate, poplar clone 029 (76%), also had the second highest Cl concentration in its leaves, almost 1.5% Cl. Eucalypt clones 4019 and 4016 accumulated the most total Cl in its tissues (327 and 236 g per tree, respectively) followed by poplar clone 029 (216 g per tree). Eucalypt clone 4019 accumulated the most Na in its tissues (109 g per tree) followed by poplar clone 367 (74 g per tree). In conclusion, poplar clone 367 and eucalypt clone 4019 seem to be sufficiently salt-tolerant for these saline conditions, having high survival, growth, and biomass capacity and perform well under high biomass-generating, short rotation conditions. Eucalypt clone 4019 is also an effective accumulator of Cl and Na ions and may be the most suitable tree for the remediation of salt-affected land in these experimental conditions.
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Nelson, Neil D., William E. Berguson, Bernard G. McMahon, Meijun Cai, and Daniel J. Buchman. "Vectors of Efficiency in Hybrid Poplar Genotype Testing." Silvae Genetica 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0004.
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Abstract The Natural Resources Research Institute Hybrid Poplar Program breeds and tests genetically improved clones for bio-mass production and environmental services. The testing process progresses from Nursery Progeny Tests (NPT) to Family Field Trials (FFT) to Clone Trials (CT) to Yield Blocks (YB), with limited replication of many clones in FFT and CT and a limited number of highly selected clones set out in monoclonal blocks (YB) to approximate the conditions of commercial plantations. We used correlation vectors, R2 (coefficient of determination) and rs (Spearman’s Coefficient) for growth (DBH2) and McFadden’s Pseudo R2 for canker severity score, to determine where testing times could be altered (age – age correlations) and whole testing steps eliminated. FFT can be shortened from 5 years to 4 years. In CT, rank correlations between age 5 (half-rotation) and age 9/10 (full rotation) were significant (R2 = 0.39 – 0.72), but age 5 selection missed 44 % of the top ten clones at age 9/10. Clone rank in CT at full, but not half, rotation was correlated with rank at full rotation in YB. Choosing clones at 9 years in CT adds 4 years but allows possible elimination of YB for clone selection. Both FFT and CT are necessary. Canker abundance and severity in CT at full rotation cannot be determined at earlier ages. An aggressive strategy saves 6 years of testing.
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Johnson, J. D., and K. R. Johnson. "Hybrid Poplar Genotype Affects Attack Incidence by the Poplar-and-Willow Borer (Cryptorhynchus lapathi)." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/18.4.276.
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Abstract Increasing incidence of the poplar-and-willow borer (Cryptorhynchus lapathi) in Pacific Northwest hybrid poplar plantations has resulted in reduced wood quality and stem breakage. Three replicated, 5-yr-old clone trials established in the vicinity of Pullman, WA were rated for host attack preference. Attacks by C. lapathi were found to be significant for plantation, clone, and the clone by plantation interaction. Attack rating among clones was affected by genotype. Those clones possessing P. nigra parentage, including Lombardy poplar, OP-367, and PC-6, showed significantly lower attacks across all plantations. Within the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides (TD) hybrids, both 58-280 and 50-194 consistently exhibited lower attacks compared to the remaining four TD hybrids. Plantation, clone, and the plantation by clone interaction affected tree growth parameters significantly. Mean clone stem volume across sites from largest to smallest was: 49-177, OP-367, 50-197, 52-225, PC-6, 50-194, 58-280, 15-29, and Lombardy poplar. Attempts to correlate attack rating with any parameter of tree size were unsuccessful. Combining growth data and attack rating, OP-367 would be recommended for planting in arid regions east of the Cascade Mountains, followed by PC-6, 50-194 and 58-280. Future hybrid poplar breeding for this region should consider P. nigra as a parent. West. J. Appl. For. 18(4):276–280.
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Fortier, Julien, Benoit Truax, France Lambert, Daniel Gagnon, and Normand Chevrier. "Clone-Specific Response in Leaf Nitrate Reductase Activity among Unrelated Hybrid Poplars in relation to Soil Nitrate Availability." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/103878.
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In this field study, we usedin vivoNRA activity in hybrid poplar leaves as an indicator ofNO3-assimilation for five unrelated hybrid poplar clones. We also examined if leaf NRA of these clones is influenced to the same extent by different levels of soilNO3-availability in two riparian agroforestry systems located in pastures. Leaf NRA differences of more than one order of magnitude were observed between the clones, clearly showing their different abilities to reduceNO3-in leaves. Clone DxN-3570, aP. deltoidesxP. nigrahybrid (Aigeirosintrasectional hybrid), always had the highest leaf NRA during the field assays. This clone was also the only one to increase its leaf NRA with increasingNO3-soil availability, which resulted in a significant Site x Clone interaction and a positive relationship between soilNO3-concentration and NRA. All of the four other clones studied had one or both parental species from theTacamahacasection. They had relatively low leaf NRA and they did not increase their leaf NRA when grown on theNO3-rich site. These results provide evidence thatNO3-assimilation in leaves varies widely among hybrid poplars of different parentages, suggesting potential preferences for N forms.
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Orlovic, Sasa, Andrej Pilipovic, Zoran Galic, Petar Ivanisevic, and Nenad Radosavljevic. "Results of poplar clone testing in field experiments." Genetika 38, no. 3 (2006): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0603259o.
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Growth vigor of 7 poplar clones was researched, i.e. 5 candidate clones for registration (B-81, B-229, PE 19/66, 182/81 and 129/8) and 2 clonal cultivars (1-214 and "Pannonia") which had been registered earlier. The taxonomy of the study poplar clones was as follows: B-81 (Populus deltoides), B-229 (Populus deltoides), PE 19/66 (Populus deltoides), 182/81 (Populus deltoides), 129/81 (Populus x euramericana), 1-214 (Populus x euramericana) and "Pannonia" (Populus x euramericana). The research was performed in three field experiments established in 2002 on the area of the Forest Estate Sremska Mitrovica. Although the experiments were established with several planting spaces, the first information indicate that the candidate clone PE 19/66 had the greatest vigor on the optimal soil types (humofluviosol and fluvisol loamy form), while the candidate clone B-81 had the advantage on the less favored soil type (meadow black soil on loess alluvium). Based on the attained diameters and heights, it can be concluded that these are the successfully established plantations and that the candidate clones showed significant genetic potentials, which points to the fact that in future the production of poplar wood volume can be significantly increased.
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Qin, Guang-Hua, Yue-Zhong Jiang, and Yu-Ling Qiao. "Selection of Poplar Hybrid Clones (Populus ssp.) from Backcrossed Progenies of the Aigeiros Section for Industrial Purpose." Silvae Genetica 62, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2013): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2013-0007.
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Abstract As one of the fast-growing tree species, hybrid poplar (Populus ssp.) has been widely planted in Shandong Province, China. While poplar tree breeding program in the past few decades focused on the development of poplar clones with fast growth rate and disease resistance, little attention was paid to the tree traits of these clones in relation to industrial uses i.e. pulpwood as well as veneer. In this paper, growth performance of hybrid poplar clones from backcrossedprogenies obtained from cross fertilization within the Poplar Aigeiros Section was evaluated and stem traits as well as wood properties in relation to industrial use of some selected clones were assessed. Of the 40 hybrid poplar clones tested in the study, A50 and B69 were prominent in growth rate at three trial sites in Shandong Province, China.Wood properties in relation to industrial uses of the two clones were also better than or comparable to the control clone. It was concluded that A50 is more suitable for pulpwood production while B69 is suitable for a wide range of high value added application such as veneer and plywood. Further research is needed to evaluate the changes of some tree traits in relation to industrial raw materials through time.
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Bittsánszky, András, Gábor Gyulai, József Kiss, Gábor Gullner, László Heszky, and Tamás Kőmíves. "Microsatellite Diversity of Androgenic Black Poplar (Populus nigra)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 27 (November 15, 2007): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/27/3104.
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Genetic variation of somatic clones (1 to 35) of black poplar (Populus nigra) developed from two anther-donor trees N-SL and N-309 was determined by five SSR primer pairs. Twenty SSR alleles were detected, the number of alleles per marker ranged from 1 to 6, with an average of 3.3 including WPMS-2 (5 alleles), WPMS-4 (6 alleles), WPMS-6 (2 alleles), WPMS-20 (6 alleles) and PTR-4 (1 allele) detected by ALF (automatic laser fluorometer). Adendrogram produced by SPSS11 based on the presence versus absence of SSR alleles discriminated the groups of somatic clones of N-SL from somatic clones of N-309. The polymorphic markers of WPMS-2 (5 alleles), WPMS-4 (6 alleles) and WPMS-20 (6 alleles) revealed clonal variation in 1 clone (37) out of the 6 from the N-309 tree, and three subgroups out of the 29 somatic clones from the N-SL tree (17 and 24), (2 and 14) and (10 and 15). The remaining 23 of the 29 N-SL somatic clones with uniform genetic similarity suggests a good degree of genetic stability in black poplar. Nevertheless, the new SSR-clones may provide useful new genetic resources for poplar breeding.
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Danilovic, Milorad, Dragan Rakovic, Dusan Isajev, and Slavica Antonic. "Comparative analysis of the assortment structure of poplar clones I-214 and Pannonia." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 122 (2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf2022031d.
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Poplars occupy about 31.4 million ha in the world, while in Serbia poplars spread over the area of 48.000 ha. The subject of this research are artificially raised poplar plantations, consisting of poplar clone I-214 (Populus?euramericana (Dode) Guinier cl. I-214) and poplar clone Pannonia (Populus?euramericana (Dode) Guinier cl. Pannonia). Field activities of collecting data required for this research were conducted in two phases. The first phase of data collection included measurement of tree diameter. Also, the numbering, marking and recording of poplar rows, as well as each poplar in the row, was conducted. The second phase of data collection was conducted after the felling of trees that were selected for detailed measurement of the elements required for theoretical cross cutting. In accordance with the general principles of cross cutting, as well as the principles of maximum financial effect, the qualitative partition of trunks into several variants was performed. The classification of wood assortments was performed on the basis of SRPS wood standards. The share of technical wood for veneer (F and L class) in the analyzed poplar trees clone I-214 is 47.54% of the total volume of wood assortments. When it comes to the clone Pannonia, logs for cutting (quality class II), have the greatest share in total volume of wood assortments with 44.08. There is no statistically significant difference between the total volume and the value of the assortments of the two analyzed poplar clones, except when it comes to assortments for chemical exploitation where statistical differences exist.
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Rédei, Károly, Marianna Takács, Tamás Kiss, and Zsolt Keserű. "Promising Leuce poplar clones in sandy ridges between the rivers Danube and Tisza in Hungary: a case study." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/2380.
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An intensive integrated research and development work has been carried out on the improvement of Leuce poplars including primarily the native white poplar (Populus alba L.) and its natural hybrid grey poplar (Populus × canescens). More than 70 percent of the Leuce poplar stands can be found on calcareous sandy sites in the Danube–Tisza region, so they play a significant role in the poplar management of this part of the country. The most important task ahead of Hungarian poplar growers is to improve the quality of poplar stands and plantations based on selecting new clones and cultivars. The growth and yield of four promising Leuce poplar clones was evaluated on a marginal site in central Hungary. The clones ‘H 425-4’ (Populus alba L. × Populus alba L.), and ‘H 758’ (Populus alba L. Mosonmagyaróvár 124) seem to be suitable for wood production, while the ‘H 427-3’ (Populus alba L. × Populus alba L. cv. Bolleana) and ‘H 422-9’ (Populus alba L. × Populus grandidentata (Michx)) clones (with decorative stem form) could be better used for tree lines and ornamental plantations.
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Nonic, Marina, Ivona Kerkez-Jankovic, Jelena Aleksic, Dusan Igic, and Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic. "Variability of white poplar clones in a nursery trial." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 120 (2019): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1920131n.
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In this paper, the morphological variability of autochthonous unregistered experimental white poplar clones, L-12, L-80 and L-100, and the registered reference clone Villafranca were monitored in a two-year nursery trial. The highest percentage of rooting of cuttings and survival of rooted cuttings were recorded for clone L-12, during the two growing seasons. The height of rooted cuttings of L-12 was almost identical to that of Villafranca during the first growing season (rooted cuttings 1/1), and slightly lower, in comparison to Villafranca, after the second growing season (rooted cuttings 1/2). The L-12 and Villafranca clones, which differed in diameter at 10th cm from shoot base, during both years, had the highest values of the diameter of rooted cuttings of both types. Coppicing appears to have an exceptionally positive effect on the increase in both height and diameter in clone L-100, while the production of quality rooted cuttings of L-80 requires further optimization.
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Kovačević, Branislav, Dušan Igić, Zoran Novčić, and Saša Orlović. "Survival and growth of white poplar rooted cuttings regarding term of planting." Topola, no. 206 (2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/topola2005033k.
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White poplar nursery production is mainly based on vegetative propagation hardwood cuttings. In this study the reaction of three clones of white poplar (Populus alba L.) on term of cuttings' preparation and planting according to parameters of survival and growth of rooted cuttings in three nurseries in Northern part of Serbia. There were two terms of cuttings' preparation and planting examined: a) mid-March and d) the beginning of April (standard term). Obtained results suggest considerable differences between nurseries and between examined terms. Differences between clones were not significant, but there were found significant effects of interactions of factor Clone with other two main sources of variation. The best results were obtained by cuttings that were prepared and planted in mid-March, due to faster growth and survival of rooted cuttings. The positive effect of the earlier term is evident particularly in clones L-12 and L-80 and enable feasible production of rooted cuttings of these clones, especially in nurseries that obtained better conditions. Results obtained in this study suggest that influence of terms of cuttings' production and planting is important issue concerning introduction of clones with relatively poor rooting capacity, optimization of nursery technology of experimental white poplar clones, and improvement of white poplar nursery production in general.
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Bate, Nicholas J., Stewart B. Rood, and Terence J. Blake. "Gibberellins and heterosis in poplar." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-165.
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To investigate the possible involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in heterosis of hybrid poplar, six poplar clones were studied, including two Populus deltoides clones and two interspecific hybrid clones (P. ×euramericana = P. deltoides × P. nigra) originating from crosses with each of the P. deltoides clones. In field conditions in Ontario, Canada, the interspecific hybrids were consistently taller and had greater shoot dry weights than their parental P. deltoides clones. Shoot dry weights and heights were highly correlated across the six clones, as clonal rankings for these parameters were identical. Endogenous GA-like substances were extracted, purified, chromatographed on silica gel partition columns, and quantified by the cv. Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice bioassay. Bioactive peaks were further chromatographed on reversed-phase C18 HPLC and again bio-assayed. Statistically significant differences in concentrations of total GA-like substances were observed. With one exception, the rankings for the concentrations of GA-like substances and those of GA1-like plus GA19-like substances were similar to the rankings for height growth. Gibberellins A1 and A19 have been identified from the tissue of hybrid poplar by capillary gas chromatography – selected ion monitoring (GC–SIM), and GA1 was also identified by GC–SIM in this tissue. In three of four comparisons, interspecific hybrids contained significantly higher concentrations of GA-like activity than their corresponding parental clones. Thus, a correlation was observed between the concentration of endogenous GA-like activity and hybrid vigor for height growth and shoot dry weight in poplar.
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Ulrich, Kristina, and Dietrich Ewald. "Breeding triploid aspen and poplar clones for biomass production." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2014): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0008.
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AbstractEnriched diploid pollen was applied for in vitro pollinations and crossbreeding in the greenhouse to produce high performance triploid aspen and aspen hybrids for cultivation in medium rotation plantations. In addition to crossings within the section Populus, intersectional crossbreeding was performed to combine benefits of intersectional hybridization with those derived from triploidisation.Both the enrichment of diploid pollen by size fractionation of naturally unreduced pollen and heat treatment of microspore mother cells resulted in a distinct increase of diploid pollen. Using this pollen, six triploid plants were obtained from in vitro pollinations and twenty from crossbreeding in the greenhouse. The triploid plants displayed a high variability in growth performance. Two clones from in vitro pollination and five from crossbreeding in the greenhouse were chosen to estimate growth characteristics. A first assessment of clone performance in an outdoor container test con - ducted over one growing season revealed two triploid clones with a same stem height and a significantly increased basal stem diameter in comparison to the fast-growing triploid reference clone “Astria”. Crossbreeding experiments also resulted in two fast-growing mixoploid clones, which have already been stable for several years.All in all, in this study, crossbreeding using enriched diploid pollen is proved to be a reliable and applicable approach for an effective breeding of triploid poplars.
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Huybregts, Arlene A., Barb R. Thomas, and Bruce P. Dancik. "Flowering phenology and seed viability of native and non-native poplars in north-central Alberta." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83239-2.
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In Alberta, Canada, the provincial government currently restricts the establishment of hybrid poplars to private land or small research plantings on Crown lands, because of the unknown risks associated with using non-native trees. Industry is interested in utilizing hybrid poplars on a larger scale for fibre production and reclamation. This interest has driven the need to better understand the genetic risks associated with the deployment of these non-native trees within a matrix of natural poplar stands and agricultural plantings. The first step to understanding the potential risks associated with the use of non-native poplars is to assess flowering phenology and seedling development of both native and non-native poplars growing in the same region. Flowering data were collected and graphed for 38 clones of native Populus balsamifera, 20 clones of native P. tremuloides, and 13 non-native poplar clones (seven hybrid poplar clones and six P. davidiana seedlings) in north-central Alberta. Based on the overlapping flowering patterns and the development of normal seedlings, some potential for hybridization between native and non-native poplars exists. Key words: hybridization, hybrid poplars, Populus balsamifera, P. davidiana, P. tremuloides, risk
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Balla, Ildikó, Zsolt Keserű, Borbála Antal, and Károly Rédei. "Micropropagation of Leuce-poplar clones and its role in selection breeding." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 69 (March 23, 2016): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1786.
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Leuce-poplars (mostly white poplar and its natural hybrid grey poplar) are native tree species trough Hungary. They are covering more than 4.0 per cent of the Hungarian forested area (77 000 ha). The white (grey) poplars play a significant role in the forestation under sandy soil site conditions as well as they are of importance from nature conservation point of view as well.
Long-term selection breeding work is going on at the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre Forest Research Institute (NARIC FRI), involving selection of fast-growing Leuce-poplar clones under dry site conditions.
Micropropagation technology is relatively quickly spreading in forestry. In vitro multiplication of trees is applied mainly in fruit growing in Hungary, in case of forestry it is used mainly for selection breeding.
This paper presents a short overview on the micropropagation trials with different Leuce-poplar clones and the early evaluation of the seedlings growing of the micropropagated clones/varieties.
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Galović, Vladislava, Marko Kebert, Boris M. Popović, Branislav Kovačević, Verica Vasić, Mary Prathiba Joseph, Saša Orlović, and László Szabados. "Biochemical and Gene Expression Analyses in Different Poplar Clones: The Selection Tools for Afforestation of Halomorphic Environments." Forests 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050636.
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Halomorphic soils cover a significant area in the Vojvodina region and represent ecological and economic challenges for agricultural and forestry sectors. In this study, four economically important Serbian poplar clones were compared according to their biochemical and transcriptomic responses towards mild and severe salt stress to select the most tolerant clones for afforestation of halomorphic soils. Three prospective clones of Populus deltoides (Bora-B229, Antonije-182/81 and PE19/66) and one of hybrid genetic background P. nigraxP. deltoides, e.g., P. x euramericana (Pannonia-M1) were hydroponically subjected to NaCl as a salt stress agent in a concentration range from 150 mM to 450 mM. Plant responses were measured at different time periods in the leaves. Biochemical response of poplar clones to salt stress was estimated by tracking several parameters such as different radical scavenging capacities (estimated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), accumulation of total phenolic content and flavonoids. Furthermore, accumulation of two osmolytes, glycine betaine and proline, were quantified. The genetic difference of those clones has been already shown by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but this paper emphasized their differences regarding biochemical and transcriptomic salt stress responses. Five candidate genes, two putative poplar homologues of GRAS family TFs (PtGRAS17 and PtGRAS16), PtDREB2 of DREB family TFs and two abiotic stress-inducible genes (PtP5SC1, PtSOS1), were examined for their expression profiles. Results show that most salt stress-responsive genes were induced in clones M1 and PE19/66, thus showing they can tolerate salt environments with high concentrations and could be efficient in phytoremediation of salt environments. Clone M1 and PE19/66 has ABA-dependent mechanisms expressing the PtP5CS1 gene while clone 182/81 could regulate the expression of the same gene by ABA-independent pathway. To improve salt tolerance in poplar, two putative GRAS/SCL TFs and PtDREB2 gene seem to be promising candidates for genetic engineering of salt-tolerant poplar clones.
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Kang, Kyu-Young, Slobodan Bradic, Stavros Avramidis, and Shawn D. Mansfield. "Kiln-drying lumber quality of hybrid poplar clones." Holzforschung 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.011.
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Abstract Hybrid poplars are currently used in North America primarily for the production of pulp fibre and in the manufacture of engineered solid wood products. Recently, the deployment of poplars as a short-rotation fibre crop has been of interest to mitigate the increasing amount of plantation-grown short fibre resources (hardwoods) derived from the Southern Hemisphere, as well as in the context of global climate change, both as a means to rapidly sequester carbon and as a feedstock for potential bioenergy production. Knowledge on the utility of hybrid poplars in the value-added secondary wood-processing sector, however, is very limited. To improve this situation, the variation in kiln-drying quality of five hybrid poplar genotypes of similar age, harvested from a common site in British Columbia, Canada, was evaluated for three different kiln-drying schedules. The results clearly demonstrate that the drying schedule has a greater effect on grade recovery and the degree of deformation than the hybrid poplar genotype. Furthermore, it was shown that many of the deformations inherently associated with wood derived from fast-grown trees can be reduced or removed with drying, in particular with an aggressive drying schedule.
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Eimil-Fraga, Cristina, Nerea Oliveira, Luis Ortíz-Torres, Juan Luis Rodríguez-Somoza, and Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro. "Growing Poplar in Acid Soils: Biomass Yield and Ash Behavior." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070960.
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Atlantic areas of southern Europe have low water restrictions but are also characterized by acid soils with low intrinsic fertility, so the selection of clones that have adapted to these characteristics is essential. In this study, biomass yield data for eight poplar clones established in two trials were evaluated after the first rotation. Both sites were representative of acid soils that had previously been used for agriculture and had low levels of alkali and alkaline earth elements. The first trial was used to determine which clones performed the best in terms of biomass and stem size, testing two Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier (I-214 and AF2), two P. × interamericana Van Brokehuizen × P. nigra L. (Monviso, AF6), three P. × interamericana (Unal, Beaupre and Raspalje), and one P. trichocarpa Torr & A. Gray (Trichobel) clone. The second trial explored the possibility of simultaneously growing biomass and timber, specifically considering the Raspalje and Trichobel balsam poplar clones. To complete a previous study on energy properties, nine biomass samples were obtained from each of the eight clones to evaluate the composition and behavior of the ash generated during combustion, particularly the sintering risk. Several indices of sintering risk were explored and compared with the actual sintering using the BioSlag test. The results show large differences in biomass yield between clones, with the balsam poplar derived clones (both hybrid or pure Populus trichocarpa) performing the best. Growth results for stems planted for wood and the cuttings planted in between these stems show that a mixed biomass–timber arrangement provides good results, at least during the first rotation. The relative proportion of oxides in the poplar ash followed the order CaO > K2O > MgO >> P2O5 >> SiO2 > Al2O3 > Na2O > Fe2O5 >> TiO2. Significant differences between clones were found for K2O and MgO. Risk indices showed moderate levels of sintering derived from alkali elements, with significant differences between clones. The actual slagging and the hardness of the slag particles were very low thus, denoting good ash behavior during combustion, particularly for the clones selected for biomass yield. No significant covariate effect of basal diameter was found for any of the analyzed variables. We conclude that growing site-undemanding poplar clones in acid soils can yield both reasonable levels of biomass yield and good quality chips for combustion in domestic thermal systems.
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Čížková, L., V. Čížek, and H. Bajajová. "Growth of hybrid poplars in silviculture at the age of 6 years." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 10 (September 30, 2010): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2010-jfs.
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Growth and timber production of 28 poplar clones were evaluated. A set of clones was derived from<br />14 clones newly bred in Forestry and Game Management Research Institute in the Czech Republic, eight well-known cultivars of Populus × euroamericana planted in Europe and imported to the Czech Republic, two standard cultivars 'I-214' and 'Robusta' (Populus × euroamericana). Four clones of Populus deltoides were added to the test set. Tree spacing was 4 × 4 m. Stem diameter, tree height and stem volume production were evaluated in 6-years-old trees. Based on the results, it was concluded that the yield of four clones was higher than that of standard cultivar 'I-214'. Standing volume of two P. deltoides clones and one new Czech P. × euroamericana clone varied in the range of 77–121 m<sup>3</sup>·ha–<sup>1</sup>.
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Ятманова, Nadezhda Yatmanova, Кузнецов, and Nikolay Kuznetsov. "Assessment of the poplar plantation status in the Republic of Tatarstan." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 3 (December 14, 2014): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6544.
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In the middle of 60-ies of the last century the pilot-production cultures of different poplar clones were laid on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan to identify the most productive ones. It has been tested 110 species and clones of poplar on more than 90 hectares with various variants of landing, planting point placing and cultivation machinery. The article presents the results of investigations of some cultivated poplar clones at the age of 45-47 years. The growth potential of studied poplars is good, but so that to get the maximum efficiency and high quality wood, the cutting age generally should not exceed 30 years, except in older age there is an intensive mortality due to various reasons, mostly, due to disease.
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Pinon, Jean, Pascal Frey, and Claude Husson. "Wettability of Poplar Leaves Influences Dew Formation and Infection by Melampsora larici-populina." Plant Disease 90, no. 2 (February 2006): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0177.
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The wettability of leaves of 60 poplar (Populus spp.) clones from sections Aigeiros (black) and Tacamahaca (balsam) and their hybrids was assessed by measuring the contact angle of calibrated water droplets on their abaxial leaf surface. The frequency and duration of dew on these clones were recorded in two nurseries. Black poplar leaves had the highest wettability, with relatively flat-shaped water droplets and a short drying time, in both the laboratory and nursery. Conversely, round-shaped water droplets on balsam poplars dried more slowly in the laboratory. In the nursery, dew was more frequent and persisted longer. First-generation intersectional hybrids behaved like balsam poplars, but successive backcrosses with black poplar (P. deltoides) resulted in clones with leaves that were more wettable and possessed less frequent and persistent dew. Infection by Melampsora larici-populina on two hybrid clones (‘Robusta’ and ‘Beaupré’), assessed by the number of uredinia in the laboratory, was dependent on the duration of leaf moisture. Maximum infection occurred when water was present on the leaves for 12 h. Leaf wettability should be considered as an additional trait when breeding poplar for durable resistance to M. larici-populina, as this characteristic is likely to be a useful defense against all pathotypes of the pathogen.
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Mofidabadi, Ali Jafari, A. Ghmeri-Zareh, and A. Salari. "Five Years Performance of New Introduced Salt Tolerant Hybrid Poplar clones (Mofid and P. × albaeuphratica) In Iran (West Azar-Bayjan)." Silvae Genetica 64, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0011.
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Summary In order to introduce new hybrids poplar clones (“Mofide” and P. × albaeuphratica) for commercial wood production in different part of country, ecological range of productivity have to be determined. Therefore, adaptability of two hybrid clones “Mofide”and its reciprocal crosses hybrid (P. × albaeuphratica), along with Populus alba L. as local clone (Kaboodeh) were tested in Rasol Abad Salty-soil Research station during 2004-2009. The experiment was conducted through randomized complete block design (RCBD). Twenty five individual cuttings of three clones (two hybrids and one local clone) planted in 100 square m as an experimental plot at spacing (2 × 2 m distance) and replicated three. Analyses of collected data have been done based on quantities and qualitative characters during five years. The results indicated that there were highly significant differences between clones at the 0.01 level. Populus euphratica Oliv. × P. alba L. hybrid (Mofid) showed highest diameter at breast height (11.30 cm), and total height (10 m) than the others two. Low level of breast diameter height (4.15 cm) and total height (5.5 m) were observed for Populus alba L. (Kaboodeh) clone as a local poplar clone.
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Gaspard, Diary Tenompitia, and Annie DesRochers. "Natural root grafting in hybrid poplar clones." Trees 34, no. 4 (March 7, 2020): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-01966-z.
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Ward, K. T., and M. E. Ostry. "Variation in Septoria musiva and Implications for Disease Resistance Screening of Poplars." Plant Disease 89, no. 10 (October 2005): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1077.
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A set of isolates of Septoria musiva differed in aggressiveness in hybrid poplar leaf disk and stem assays and culture growth in vitro. Clone × isolate interactions were observed in one of the stem assay experiments, but not in the leaf disk assay experiments. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed using 52 isolates of S. musiva collected from hybrid poplars and a native poplar species in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, and North Dakota. There was a large degree of genetic similarity, although each isolate had a unique RAPD pattern. No relationships among isolates were found for molecular genetic distance and host clone, parentage, or taxonomic classification section; location or date of collection; or the previously determined level of field resistance of the host clones to Septoria canker. Results of the stem and leaf disk assays indicate that it may not be necessary to choose the most aggressive isolate for disease resistance screening. It may be more useful to select isolates that will discriminate the greatest variation in levels of disease resistance among the clones that are being screened.
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Pilipović, Andrej, Ronald S. Zalesny, Elizabeth R. Rogers, Bernard G. McMahon, Neil D. Nelson, Joel G. Burken, Richard A. Hallett, and Chung-Ho Lin. "Establishment of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems for Ecological Restoration in the Great Lakes Basin, USA. II. New Clones Show Exceptional Promise." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040474.
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Poplar tree improvement strategies are needed to enhance ecosystem services’ provisioning and achieve phytoremediation objectives. We evaluated the establishment potential of new poplar clones developed at the University of Minnesota Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) from sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds. We divided clones into Experimental (testing stage genotypes) and Common (commercial and/or research genotypes) clone groups and compared them with each other and each NRRI clone (NRRI group) at the phyto buffers. We tested for differences in clone groups, phyto buffers, and their interactions for survival, health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. First-year survival was 97.1%, with 95.5%, 96.2%, and 99.6% for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 buffer groups, respectively. All trees had optimal health. Fourth-year mean annual increment of 2017 buffer group trees ranged from 2.66 ± 0.18 to 3.65 ± 0.17 Mg ha−1 yr−1. NRRI clones ‘99038022’ and ‘9732-31’ exhibited exceptional survival and growth across eleven and ten phyto buffers, respectively, for all years. These approaches advance poplar tree improvement efforts throughout the region, continent, and world, with methods informing clonal selection for multiple end-uses, including phytotechnologies.
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Galic, Zoran, Sasa Orlovic, Bojana Klasnja, Andrej Pilipovic, and Marina Katanic. "Improvement of production of high-yield poplar varieties seedlings by mycorrhiza application." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 112 (2007): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0712067g.
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Research related to the effects of treatment by mycorrhiza preparations Ectovit, Rhodovit (preparations Symbio-m Ltd., Czech Rep.) and their combination on growth of four high-yield poplar clones of Populus deltoides and one variety of Populus x euramericana are presented in this paper. In order to make more accurate assessment of mycorrhiza effect, soil characteristics such as morphology, texture and chemical composition were determined. The study results indicate that mycorrhized cuttings had the same or the better survival in all the study clones compared to the control. The application of the preparation Ectovit and Rhodovit resulted averagely in the first class planting stock of all the study clones. The combination of the preparations Ectovit and Rhodovit produced averagely the first class planting stock only of the clone Populus x euramericana.
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DesRochers, Annie, R. van den Driessche, and Barb R. Thomas. "The interaction between nitrogen source, soil pH, and drought in the growth and physiology of three poplar clonesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 11 (November 2007): 1046–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-062.
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The objective of this study was to understand how nitrogen (N) source, soil pH, and drought interact in the growth and water-use efficiency of poplars. Rooted cuttings from two hybrid poplar clones, 24 (Walker) ( Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana ), and 794 (Brooks 6) (Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana), and one native balsam poplar clone 1004 ( Populus balsamifera L.), were grown in a greenhouse for a period of 8 weeks. Trees received a combination of two N sources (ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]), two soil pHs (5 and 7), and two drought levels (85% and 40% field capacity, as determined by mass). Trees had reduced growth, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance with NO3– fertilization, and these effects were accentuated at soil pH 7. The drought treatment only slightly reduced growth and rarely interacted with N source or soil pH. Drought also did not affect instantaneous measurements of water-use efficiency, but it increased δ13C by an average of 0.55‰. The poplar clones used in this study appear to be better adapted to take up N from NH4+ than from NO3–-N sources.
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Gyulai, Gábor, Mervyn Humphreys, András Bittsánszky, Kirsten Skøtc, József Kiss, Leif Skøt, Gábor Gullner, et al. "AFLP Analysis and Improved Phytoextraction Capacity of Transgenic gshI-Poplar Clones (Populus x canescens L.) for Copper in vitro." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2005): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-3-415.
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Abstract Clone stability and in vitro phytoextraction capacity of vegetative clones of P. x canescens (2n = 4x = 38) including two transgenic clones (ggs11 and lgl6) were studied as in vitro leaf disc cultures. Presence of the gshI-transgene in the transformed clones was detected in PCR reactions using gshI-specific primers. Clone stability was determined by fAFLP (fluorescent amplified DNA fragment length polymorphism) analysis. In total, 682 AFLP fragments were identified generated by twelve selective primer pairs after EcoRIDMseI digestion. Four fragments generated by EcoAGTDMseCCC were different (99.4% genetic similarity) which proves an unexpectedly low bud mutation frequency in P. \ canescens. For the study of phytoextraction capacity leaf discs (8 mm) were exposed to a concentration series of ZnSO4 (10-1 to 10-5 ᴍ) incubated for 21 days on aseptic tissue culture media WPM containing 1 μᴍ Cu. Zn2+ caused phytotoxicity only at high concentrations (10-1 to 10-2 ᴍ). The transgenic poplar cyt-ECS (ggs11) clone, as stimulated by the presence of Zn, showed elevated heavy metal (Cu) uptake as compared to the non-transformed clone. These results suggest that gshI-transgenic poplars may be suitable for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with zinc and copper.
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Takács, Tünde, László Radimszky, and Tamás Németh. "The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Status of Poplar Clones Selected for Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2005): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-3-420.
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Abstract The aim of this work was to study the colonization of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in fine-roots of poplar clones. Roots of 7 poplar clones were sampled from a 1-year-old trial established at an industrial site strongly polluted with heavy metals at Balatonfűzfő , Hungary. The poplar clones have shown variable degrees of colonization by AMF, suggesting differential host susceptibility or mycorrhizal dependency. After outplanting the percentage of poplar survival was strongly correlated with the frequency of AMF infection. Two clones that survived at the lowest ratio after outplanting had not been colonized by AMF in contrast to those which survived to a much higher extent.
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Nelson, Neil D., Richard Meilan, William E. Berguson, Bernard G. McMahon, Meijun Cai, and Daniel Buchman. "Growth performance of hybrid poplar clones on two agricultural sites with and without early irrigation and fertilization." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0011.
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Abstract Growth, clone rank, genotype x environment interaction, and effects of early fertilization and irrigation were evaluated for 56 hybrid poplar clones after three years’ growth on two agricultural sites in Indiana, USA. Forty-eight percent of the clones were Populus deltoides x P. nigra (DxN) crosses made with a female parent of Minnesota provenance, with the hybrids or female parent screened in Minnesota for survival, growth rate, and disease tolerance or resistance. Forty-one percent of the clones had at least one parent from provenances that are more southerly and/or have more moderate climates of provenance origin than Minnesota. Eleven percent of the clones were screened in Minnesota but were either not DXN crosses or did not have parents from Minnesota provenances in their parentage. Height growth averaged 1.78 m per year for all clones over all treatments and 2.02 m per year for the fastest- growing six clones (top 10th percentile). Tree bole volume for the fastest-growing 10 % of the clones was 70 % larger than the average of two commercial standard clones. The clonal effect was dominant in comparison to site, treatment, and interaction effects. The fertilizer, irrigation, and fertilizer x irrigation treatments tended to increase growth, but the statistical significance of the treatment effects differed by site, and the treatments explained only a small portion of the variance. Clone rank was the same on both sites, regardless of treatment, except for the fertilizer x irrigation treatment. DxN clones linked to Minnesota parentage out-performed most clones of more southerly or other more moderate climatic origins, in these tests conducted far south of Minnesota. The data provide further evidence of broad adaptability of DxN hybrids with female P. deltoides parents of Minnesota provenance, possibly eliminating the need for narrow breeding zones and reducing the number of screening tests needed at different latitudes, saving time and money. Tests are planned to further analyze and possibly extend this inference.
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Milanović, Slobodan, Zlatan Radulović, Milorad Veselinović, Suzana Mitrović, and Katarina Mladenović. "Sensitivity of seven clones of poplar to the attack by caterpillars of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and fungus Pollacia elegans (Vuill.) Fabr." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 65-66 (2012): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor1265123m.
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Presence of herbivorous insects, Lymantria dipar (L.) caterpillars and pathogen Pollacia elegans (Vuill.) Fabr. on seven poplar clones was estimated on a short rotation plantation which was established near Junkovac (MB Kolubara). The highest percentage of trees with Gypsy moth caterpillars present was found in clones "Panonija" and "I214", although the percent is twice lower in the latter clone. In clones produced by hybridization of Populus nigra and P. maximowicziii and "Koltay", the number of trees with Gypsy moth caterpillars varied between 1% and 2.5%, and the lowest value was recorded in clone "Muhle Larsen". The fungus Pollacia elegans was mostly present in clones produced by hybridization of Populus nigra and P. maximowicziii "Max 1", "Max 2", "Max 3", while its presence was significantly lower in clones "Koltay"and "Panonia". The presence of this pathogen was recorded in less than 5% of plants in clones "I214" and "Muhle Larsen".
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LeBlanc, John W., Janine K. Hasey, Richard B. Standiford, Mike Connor, and Roy M. Sachs. "Eucalyptus for Low Elevation Foothill Plantations in California." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.4.104.
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Abstract In March 1984 we established a test plantation of selected Eucalyptus and poplar seedlings species and clones on a range site in the Sierra Nevada foothills. The main objectives were to evaluate survival and growth of the various species and clones and to determine a rotation age for intensively managed hardwood trees grown under low elevation foothill conditions. Seedlings and clones of six species of Eucalyptus and one hybrid poplar were grown with short rotation intensive culture techniques for 7 yr. Rotation age, defined as the culmination of mean annual increment, varied from 3 to 6 yr. The best producing clone produced 8 cords of fuelwood per acre per year. The potential for damage from freezing and snow at these elevations is also discussed. West. J. Appl. For. 12(4):104-107.
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Ghezehei, Solomon, Elizabeth Nichols, Christopher Maier, and Dennis Hazel. "Adaptability of Populus to Physiography and Growing Conditions in the Southeastern USA." Forests 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020118.
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Populus species have a high productivity potential as short-rotation woody crops, provided that site-suitable varieties are planted. The Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Blue Ridge Mountains make up a significant part of the eastern and southeastern USA, and an insight into poplar productivity and adaptability will be valuable for the successful implementation of large-scale poplar stands in these regions. The objectives of this study were to examine the green wood biomass (hereafter biomass), biomass allocation, and wood properties of poplars in relation to growing conditions, physiography, and topography. The biomass of 4-year-old poplars was estimated using an equation derived through destructive sampling. Biomass-based clonal rankings were compared across the various site conditions (fertility, irrigation, land marginality, soil preparation, and topography) and the three physiographic provinces. Although not all clonal differences in biomass were significant, growing conditions, physiography, and soil preparation affected the clonal rankings and the significance of the clonal differences. Biomass changes due to physiography and land conditions were more structured at the genomic-group level. A higher-altitude physiography led to greater biomass increases in Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoids (TD) clones than in P. deltoids × P. deltoids (DD) clones and vice versa. Favorable soil quality or management generally led to greater biomass of DD clones than of TD and P. deltoids × Populus maximowiczii (DM) clones. Weather-related variables were not clearly correlated with biomass, while land aspect was a significant influence on the biomass of genomic groups and clones. The site significantly affected wood density, moisture content, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations, while the clonal effects on wood composition and the clonal and site effects on biomass allocation were insignificant. Although clones showing greater biomass responses to growing conditions generally belonged to the same genomic group, clone-level selection could produce greater biomass gains than selection at the genomic-group level.
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Weiland, Jerry E., and Glen R. Stanosz. "The Histology of Hybrid Poplar Clones Inoculated with Septoria musiva." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (December 2007): 1524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1524.
Full textAbstract:
Septoria musiva causes stem cankers that severely limit production of susceptible hybrid poplars in eastern North America. A field experiment was conducted with resistant clone DN34 and susceptible clone NC11505 in order to (i) identify tissues colonized by the pathogen, (ii) describe tissue responses to S. musiva, and (iii) determine whether tissue responses to S. musiva differed between hybrid poplar clones. Branches of each clone were inoculated by removing the fourth or fifth fully expanded leaf and placing an agar plug colonized by an aggressive isolate of S. musiva over the wound. Seven weeks after inoculation, branches were harvested and prepared for histology. Data from nonwounded control, wounded control, and wounded and inoculated stems were collected and analyzed for effects of clone and treatment. In general, fungal colonization was more extensive in NC11505 and exophylactic and necrophylactic periderms (NPs) of clone DN34 were significantly thicker than those of NC11505, regardless of treatment. The number of NPs produced and the distance from the epidermis to the outermost layer of phellem were significantly affected by the pathogen. Inoculated stems of clone DN34 developed a single NP that formed closer to the wound surface than in wounded controls. In contrast, inoculated stems of NC11505 developed successive NPs and the first NP formed further from the wound surface than in wounded controls. These two host responses to inoculation, as well as measures of exophylactic and necrophylactic periderm thickness, may be useful as markers for the selection of poplar resistant to damage by S. musiva.
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Farmer Jr., Robert E., Karen Garlick, and Steven R. Watson. "Heritability and C effects in a 3-year-old balsam poplar clonal test." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-160.
Full textAbstract:
A 20-clone population of Populusbalsamifera L. was grown for 3 years in a field test which allowed evaluation of variance due to clones and to primary ramets within clones, the source of cuttings. Primary ramets did not influence rate of summer shoot elongation, which had a broad-sense heritability of 0.24 and 0.16 in the 2nd and 3rd years, respectively. By the end of the 2nd year, height variation associated with primary ramets (i.e., C effects) was nonsignificant, and broad-sense heritability for height was about 0.50.
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Vico, Giulia, Almir Karacic, Anneli Adler, Thomas Richards, and Martin Weih. "Consistent Poplar Clone Ranking Based on Leaf Phenology and Temperature Along a Latitudinal and Climatic Gradient in Northern Europe." BioEnergy Research 14, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10249-5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn Northern Europe, poplars (Populus) can provide biomass for energy and material use, but most available clones were developed for lower latitudes and are unlikely to be well adapted to higher latitudes, even under warmer climates. We thus need to understand how clones respond to climatic conditions and photoperiod, and how these responses can be predicted. We answer these questions exploiting leaf phenological data of Populus clones, grown in six sites across the Baltic region, in Northern Europe, for 2 years with contrasting climatic conditions. Regarding the effects of climatic conditions and photoperiod, within each site, higher temperatures advanced the timing and enhanced the speed of spring and autumn phenology, but reduced the effective growing season length. Across sites, latitude affected the timing of spring and autumn phenology, the speed of spring phenology, and the effective growing season length; clone affected only the timing of phenology. Regarding the predictability of clone response to growing conditions, the growing degree day (GDD) model could not predict spring phenology, because the growing degree day threshold for a specific phenological stage was not only clone-, but also latitude- and year-specific. Yet, this GDD threshold allowed a robust ranking of clones across sites and years, thus providing a tool to determine the relative differences across clones, independently of latitude and temperature. A similar, but not as strong, pattern was observed in the timing of spring and autumn phenological stages. Hence, while prediction of spring phenology remains elusive, the ranking of clones based on observations of their phenology in a single location can provide useful indications on the clones’ relative performance under different latitudes and climates.
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Stolarski, Mariusz Jerzy, Kazimierz Warmiński, and Michał Krzyżaniak. "Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061495.
Full textAbstract:
Bioenergy accounts for 61.7% of all renewable energy sources, with solid fuels accounting for 43% of this amount. Poplar plantations can deliver woody biomass for energy purposes. A field experiment with poplar was located in the north-east of Poland on good quality soil formed from medium loam. The study aimed to determine the yield, the energy value of the yield and the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of the biomass of four poplar clones harvested in two consecutive 4-year harvest rotations. The highest biomass energy value was determined in the UWM 2 clone in the second harvest rotation (231 GJ ha−1·year−1). This value was 27–47% lower for the other clones. The biomass quality showed that poplar wood contained high levels of moisture and low levels of ash, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This indicates that poplar can be grown in the north-east of Poland and that it gives a yield with a high energy value and beneficial biomass properties from the energy generation perspective.
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Steppuhn, H., J. Kort, and K. G. Wall. "First year growth response of selected hybrid poplar cuttings to root-zone salinity." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07098.
Full textAbstract:
Cuttings from four hybrid poplar clones (Walker, CanAm, Manitou, and Assiniboine) used in plantations and windbreaks on the Canadian Prairies were evaluated in their response to sulphate-based, root-zone salinity at Canada’s Salt-Tolerance Testing Facility. Vernalized, hardwood cuttings were planted in inert sand flushed four times daily with salinized, nutrient hydroponic solutions ranging in electrical conductivity from 2.2 to 30.9 dS m-1. The response in new growth was measured by the total summed length of new shoot growth, new shoot biomass, and the length of the main stem from its initial point as a bud on the cutting to its terminal tip. Based on these measurements analyzed statistically, Assiniboine cuttings out-performed those from the other clones. At 30.9 dS m-1, none of the cuttings from any clone sprouted new growth. At 21.4 dS m-1, poor growth and considerable dieback characterized all clones. At 13.8, 8.3, and 4.5 dS m-1, all cuttings subjected to root-zone salinity registered less growth compared with those cuttings growing in nutrient-only solutions (2.2 dS m-1), although the Assiniboine cuttings declined least. Based on this experiment, the descending salinity-tolerance order for the hybrid poplar clones tested using first-year growth from hardwood cuttings is: Assiniboine > Walker = CanAm = Manitou. Key words: Sulphate salinity, agroforestry, windbreak, Populus, shelterbelt, hybrid poplar
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Kuchma, Oleksandra, Dennis Janz, Ludger Leinemann, Andrea Polle, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, and Oliver Gailing. "Hybrid and Environmental Effects on Gene Expression in Poplar Clones in Pure and Mixed with Black Locust Stands." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101075.
Full textAbstract:
Mixed cropping might be seen as an alternative to monocultures by better protecting biodiversity and improving ecosystem services and resources. In the presented study, we tested the genetic and ecological effects of pure and mixed propagation of different poplar hybrids planted together with black locust trees. Poplar (Populus) hybrids are widely used for bioenergy in monoculture systems due to their rapid and high biomass production. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a species with the ability to fix nitrogen and seen as a promising candidate for mixed cultivation. Eight different poplar hybrids and black locust trees from three provenances planted in two study sites with different environmental conditions were tested in varying combinations in pure and mixed stands to observe effects of the different hybrids and genotypes, site conditions and the mixed growing on the performance of poplar and its gene expression. Transcriptome analyses of leaves from four poplar clones selected according to their divergent growth performance were conducted to study differential gene expression that can be an important indicator of differences in growing conditions and success. Differences in gene expression were most pronounced among hybrids and different genotypes of the same hybrid, followed by the study site influence, and were least pronounced between mixed and pure stands. The genotypes of the same hybrid were clearly separated from each other. Clear separation between the study sites for all clones was also observed. Only a few genes were differently expressed in pure vs. mixed stand comparisons for each clone, but there were no common genes that were differently expressed in pure vs. mixed stands in all clones. In total, 199 genes showed differential expression between the study sites regardless of poplar clone or type of stands. The analysis suggested that plant genotypes and environmental conditions were more important at the early stage of stand development than pure or mixed cultivation.
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Rahman, Muhammad H., and Om P. Rajora. "Microsatellite DNA fingerprinting, differentiation, and genetic relationships of clones, cultivars, and varieties of six poplar species from three sections of the genus Populus." Genome 45, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 1083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-077.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate identification of Populus clones and cultivars is essential for effective selection, breeding, and genetic resource management programs. The unit of cultivation and breeding in poplars is a clone, and individual cultivars are normally represented by a single clone. Microsatellite DNA markers of 10 simple sequence repeat loci were used for genetic fingerprinting and differentiation of 96 clones/cultivars and varieties belonging to six Populus species (P. deltoides, P. nigra, P. balsamifera, P. trichocarpa, P. grandidentata, and P. maximowiczii) from three sections of the genus. All 96 clones/cultivars could be uniquely fingerprinted based on their single- or multilocus microsatellite genotypes. The five P. grandidentata clones could be differentiated based on their single-locus genotypes, while six clones of P. trichocarpa and 11 clones of P. maximowiczii could be identified by their two-locus genotypes. Twenty clones of P. deltoides and 25 clones of P. nigra could be differentiated by their multilocus genotypes employing three loci, and 29 clones of P. balsamifera required the use of multilocus genotypes at five loci for their genetic fingerprinting and differentiation. The loci PTR3, PTR5, and PTR7 were found to be the most informative for genetic fingerprinting and differentiation of the clones. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.9 in P. trichocarpa or P. grandidentata to 6.0 in P. balsamifera and 11.2 in 96 clones of the six species. The mean number of observed genotypes per locus ranged from 2.4 in P. grandidentata to 7.4 in P. balsamifera and 19.6 in 96 clones of the six species. The mean number of unique genotypes per locus ranged from 1.3 in P. grandidentata to 3.9 in P. deltoides and 8.8 in 96 clones of the six species. The power of discrimination of the microsatellite DNA markers in the 96 clones ranged from 0.726 for PTR4 to 0.939 for PTR7, with a mean of 0.832 over the 10 simple sequence repeat loci. Clones/cultivars from the same species showed higher microsatellite DNA similarities than the clones from the different species. A UPGMA cluster plot constructed from the microsatellite genotypic similarities separated the 96 clones into six major groups corresponding to their species. Populus nigra var. italica clones were genetically differentiated from the P. nigra var. nigra clones. Microsatellite DNA markers could be useful in genetic fingerprinting, identification, classification, certification, and registration of clones, clultivars, and varieties as well as genetic resource management and protection of plant breeders' rights in Populus.Key words: Populus, simple sequence repeat markers, clonal identification, genetic fingerprinting, clonecultivar relationships.
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Galovic, Vladislava, Sasa Orlovic, Predrag Pap, Branislav Kovacevic, and Miroslav Markovic. "Specificity of SSR loci for Melampsora species on poplars." Genetika 42, no. 3 (2010): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1003513g.
Full textAbstract:
Two rust fungi, Melampsora larici populina and Melampsora medusae are common in all poplar growing regions worlwide. M. larici populina is native to Eurasia, while M. medusae is endemic to eastern Unated States on Populus deltoides. Poplar leaf rust (Melampsora sp.) is widely spread disease in our country, and can cause significant growing problems. Race that prevails in our growing region is M. Larici populina. This work initiated the research of population composition, i.e. qualitative participation of Melampsora races in popoluation of black poplars hybrid progenies using molecular methods. When five SSR markers were used the results showed that M. larici populina was found in three tested clones, while only M. medusae was determined in clone I-214.