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Barba Bayas, Diego, and Maria Gavilanez Vega. "Gestión social en las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito de una provincia ecuatoriana / Social management in credit unions in an Ecuadorian province." Ciencia Unemi 9, no. 19 (October 13, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss19.2016pp30-38p.
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Las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito-COAC, son sociedades de personas autorizadas por la ley para efectuar intermediación financiera y, mediante sus productos financieros y no financieros, dar respuesta a los problemas de sus socios con eficiencia económica, financiera, social y ambiental. Por ello el propósito de la investigación se encamina a determinar, si además de la práctica financiera desarrollan buenas prácticas de gestión social y si miden aquello e informan los resultados a sus grupos de interés. En esta investigación se describe la situación de las cooperativas, analizando la aplicación de metodologías de gestión social, necesarias pero aún no muy conocidas. Para ello se apoya en la información directa de las cooperativas y la revisión de información de fuentes secundarias, de organizaciones como: Alianza Cooperativa Internacional (ACI) hoy Cooperativas de las Américas, Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria, los organismos de integración cooperativa existentes en el Ecuador, entre otras. La investigación determina que dichas empresas solidarias privilegian los temas de control y supervisión, lo financiero más que lo social, lo cual las aleja del cumplimento de su rol y objeto social. AbstractThe credit unions-COAC are societies of natural people which are authorized by law to carry out financial intermediation and through its financial and non-financial products respond to the problems of their partners with economic, financial, social and environmental efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this research is aimed at determining whether besides financial practice it is developed good social management practices and whether they measure and report the results to its stakeholders. In this research the situation of cooperatives is described, analyzing the implementation of social management methodologies, which are necessary but not well known yet. For this purpose, it relies on direct information of cooperatives and review of information from secondary sources, organizations such as: International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) today Cooperatives of the Americas, Superintendence of Popular Economy and Solidary, the existing agencies of cooperative integration in Ecuador, among others. The investigation determined that such solidarity companies privilege the issues of control and supervision of the financial part rather than the social one, which moves away from the fulfillment of their role and social objective.
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Liu, Jia Jun, Xiao Yan Jiao, and Shou Yi Liu. "Cooperative Learning Basic Model in the Network Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1980–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1980.
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[Purpose] It is the Network environment model that is used in this paper，in order to explore the impact of cooperative learning, cooperative learning network platform and build the main model. [Method] Through system analysis, development and design of functions, environmental test solution platform for building collaborative learning network etc., introduce experimental control network measures to explore the main modes of cooperative learning. [Results] The results show that: as the most popular online communication media, E-mail eventually becomes a natural cross-class, inter-school and inter-regional cooperation as well as transnational study of selection. To build a network of cooperative learning platform should adhere to the technical point of view, The main mode of the network cooperative learning is based on a team or task-based learning network cooperative learning.[Conclusions] Network cooperative learning can make different levels of learners in the process of completing tasks, with the network environment, breaking through the restrictions of classroom learning environment, to exchange, to communicate, to cooperate and to promote comprehensive development of the learner.
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Leca, Bernard, Jean-Pascal Gond, and Luciano Barin Cruz. "Building ‘Critical Performativity Engines’ for deprived communities: The construction of popular cooperative incubators in Brazil." Organization 21, no. 5 (August 20, 2014): 683–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508414534647.
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Although worker cooperatives offer an organizational model that critical management scholars could adopt to demonstrate the utility of their normative ideals, little is known about how academia can contribute to the creation of worker cooperatives. Building on the concept of performativity and the case of the Technological Incubators for Popular Cooperatives in Brazil, we provide an account of constructing incubators for worker cooperatives across multiple universities. Our study uncovers the challenges that scholars face in performing the model of worker cooperatives by cognitively embedding actors within both economic and cooperative principles through teaching. Our results clarify the role of feedback loops, knowledge circulation, and the building of ‘chains of translation’ in the concrete manufacturing of worker cooperatives, and we show how universities can help develop a multilevel, flexible, and complex support network that enhances the performativity of the worker cooperative model. We advance the concept of a ‘critical performativity engine’ to describe the process whereby the first method for incubating cooperatives was developed and then translated across settings.
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Iliopoulos, Constantine, and Vladislav Valentinov. "Cooperative Longevity: Why Are So Many Cooperatives So Successful?" Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103449.
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Despite popular misconceptions, cooperatives present a very successful organizational form worldwide. A recent study found that in the U.S., for example, 134 agricultural cooperatives celebrated their 100th anniversary in 2014. This observation on cooperative longevity is not matched by a corresponding research effort on what makes cooperatives so successful. Most of the extant research seems to focus on intra-cooperative problems that posit significant challenges to cooperatives. This special issue of Sustainability bridges the considerable gap between scholarly work and reality. By focusing on what makes cooperatives so successful for such a long period of time, this issue sheds light on key aspects of cooperative longevity. Bridging social capital, fundamental solutions to excessive heterogeneity-induced high ownership costs, tinkering, cooperative genius, and superior capacity to adapt to shocks and changes are among the factors identified to explain extended cooperative longevity. The insights thereby gained are useful to students of cooperatives, practitioners, and policy makers.
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Matsuda, Patricia Mari, and Maria Laura Ferranty MacLennan. "Popular Cooperatives Incubators and the University Extension: The Case Incoop-UFSCar." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 630–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v18i4.16270.
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Objective: This research analyse the link between popular cooperatives incubators and the University through the extension activity. Methodology / Approach: The methodology applied is a case study at INCOOP-UFSCar in order to evaluate how the Cooperative contributes to the development of the actors in the University. Originality / Relevance: Activities with prospective co-workers generate joint socio-economic benefits for co-workers and academics, but the benefits to the University have scarcer assessments. Main results: The Incubator, as an extension project, can be considered a mean of operationalizing the role of the University vis-a-vis the community in which it is inserted, meeting local demands and also serving as locus in the academy development. Theoretical / methodological contributions: In this study, it is observed that the Incubadora Regional de Cooperativas Populares (INCOOP) positively impacts not only cooperators but also contributes to the development of extension activities of Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) students and administrative technicians.
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Suchoń, Aneta. "Spółdzielczość rolnicza we Francji i Niemczech – wybrane zagadnienia prawne i ekonomiczne." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.133.
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France and Germany are examples of countries where agriculture is an important part of the economy, there is a large number of farms and the cooperative movement is very popular. In the European Union there are over 22 thousand agricultural cooperatives. The article presents statistical data and legal regulations concerning agricultural cooperatives in France and Germany, in particular, the French Code Rural and the German Genossenschaftsgesetz. In conclusion the author states that the Polish legislature, creating a new model of cooperative law, should unquestionably draw on the experience and some legal solutions implemented in Germany and France, and in particular introduce a broad definition of agricultural cooperatives, a simplified procedure of their formation and functioning, financial instruments, including tax, and rules on merging cooperatives with other cooperative entities or companies.
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Egorov, Vladimir, Sofya Egorova, Andrey Inshakov, and Alexander Markarov. "Consumer cooperation as a tool for sustainable rural development." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020803003.
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The article is devoted to the most popular segment of the global cooperative sector – consumer cooperation. Based on the definition of specific features of this type of cooperation, a special dynamism and adaptability of consumer associations in solving vital social problems and implementing the UN sustainable development goals is shown. The author asserts that the significant growth rates of the world consumer cooperation are determined by the lack of conditionality of its development by the formation of material prerequisites and to a greater extent depend on the organization of information and propaganda work to promote cooperative "self-help". Analysis of world experience has shown that an important factor in the growth of the cooperative movement is the exchange of practices between cooperative organizations on the planet. Being a public organization by nature, consumer cooperation is an essential part of civil society. The analysis and dissemination of international experience in consumer cooperation play a significant role in the activation of civil initiative in self-organization.
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Wang, Fang, and Yuan Liang. "China’s Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme: a type of health insurance or a type of health cooperative?" Primary Health Care Research & Development 18, no. 02 (May 19, 2016): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423616000153.
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The Cooperative Medical Scheme (CMS) was popular in rural China in the 1960s and 1970s, having garnered praise from the World Bank and World Health Organization as an unprecedented example of a successful health care model in a low-income developing country. However, the CMS almost collapsed in the 1980s. Based on its historical origins and main activities, we think the CMS functioned as a health cooperative rather than a health insurance scheme. Perhaps, however, the importance to the CMS of cooperation between institutions has been overestimated. Overlooked, yet equally important, has been the cooperation between health workers and farmers to target health-related risk factors associated with agricultural work and ways of life. The ‘cooperative’ character of the CMS includes two aspects: cooperative institutions and cooperative behaviour. Although the CMS collapsed in China, similar schemes are flourishing elsewhere in the world. In the future, in-depth analysis of these schemes is required.
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Golovina, S., and L. Smirnova. "Agricultural cooperation in the conditions of new challenges and threats: from theoretical discussion to economic practice." Agrarian Bulletin of the 208, no. 05 (June 29, 2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-208-05-71-88.
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Abstract. In the current socio-economic, political and institutional conditions, primarily in the context of new challenges and threats (such as sanctions restrictions, natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics), which determine high instability in the activities of agricultural producers, particular importance in the development of the agricultural economy, rural communities and rural areas moves to agricultural cooperation. As retrospective studies prove, agricultural cooperatives always become particularly popular in the most difficult periods for agriculture (and the economy as a whole), extremely actualizing at this time the corresponding theoretical and applied research. The study and analysis of scientific works concerning current state of agricultural cooperation, its problems and potential in improving of agricultural production and harmonious development of rural areas allows us to conclude that, Despite the presence (in the review materials presented to the scientific community) of the evolution of cooperative thought and generalizing discussions on the theory of cooperation descriptions, the achievements of recent years, nevertheless, did not find a detailed reflection in them. The purpose of this work is to summarize the most meaningful results of world-class research on the activities of agricultural cooperatives in a fluctuating (sometimes turbulent) environment, which are relevant (and acceptable) for the development of Russian cooperative practices in the face of existing challenges and threats. Results. A survey-analytical study, the results of which are presented in this article, made it possible (through a thorough analysis of the achievements of the cooperative theory over the past five years) to formulate and scientifically substantiate the main components of a new (integrated, interdisciplinary) approach to the development of Russian agricultural cooperation in the current institutional and market context, the basic elements of which are (1) taking into account the peculiarities of the socio-economic and institutional environment, (2) the multifunctionality of cooperative activities, (3) the specifics of ways to create cooperatives in different countries and spheres of activity, (4) the limitations of traditional and the prospects of new organizational models of agricultural cooperatives. Scientific novelty. The article offers a detailed review of foreign and Russian studies on various aspects of agricultural cooperation, notable by a rich history and comprehensive discussions, substantiated a new concept for the development of modern agricultural cooperatives, formulated conclusions that have theoretical novelty and applied value for use in domestic economic practice.
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Hidalgo-Fernández, Amalia, Nelly Moreira Mero, Maria Iliana Loor Alcivar, and Francisco González Santa Cruz. "Analysis of organizational commitment in cooperatives in Ecuador." Journal of Management Development 39, no. 4 (February 26, 2020): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-05-2019-0180.
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PurposeThe objective of this research is to analyse the affective organizational commitment in cooperatives in Ecuador. This was done by adapting and testing a measurement scale based on the one-dimensional model proposed by Porter.Design/methodology/approachField work was carried out, with a structured questionnaire being given to a significant sample of workers in Ecuadorian cooperatives (2,499 employees and heads of department). The scale was adapted through a structural equation model.FindingsThe results show that the adaptation of the measuring scale for affective organizational commitment using a one-dimensional vision is consistent for the cooperative sector. In addition, the analysis of the socio-demographic variables and the work position show that some of them have a statistically significant relationship with organizational commitment.Practical implicationsThe proposed scale can contribute to the management of human capital in cooperatives in Ecuador. It can also be used as a tool to support the national agency in charge of the cooperative sector in this country (Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria, “Superintendency of Popular and Solidarity Economy”). By applying this tool, social economy organizations in Ecuador can measure the level of their employees' affective commitment with the institution they work in. Using the results, the people in charge and the leaders of the organization shall be able to introduce strategies to develop this organizational variable that is crucial for the proper management of human resources and, therefore, to help to obtain the institutional purposes.Originality/valueThis research project presents a measuring tool that can discover the unique features of the cooperative sector in a developing country such as Ecuador as it provides a special framework for managing human resources in this sector. Additionally, in a cooperative organization many employees have different roles in the same company. This tool can be adapted for other kinds of cooperatives with different activities (financial and non-financial activities) in different sectors.
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Alexander, Gül Neşe Doğusan. "Caught between Aspiration and Actuality:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.3.349.
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The Turkish government promoted the building of housing cooperatives as a social housing program beginning in the second half of the 1930s. While these cooperatives received government aid, they did not produce affordable housing for lower-income groups. Instead, they provided fashionable modern houses to middle- and high-income homeowners. In architectural journals, these new houses were understood and critiqued as exemplars of a specifically Turkish modern style, rather than as pragmatic solutions to a housing crisis. Caught between Aspiration and Actuality: The Etiler Housing Cooperative and the Production of Housing in Turkey analyzes the transformation of housing cooperatives from a social housing program into a method to enable middle-class homeownership by examining the story of the Etiler Housing Cooperative, built between 1952 and 1957 in Istanbul. Gül Neşe Doğusan Alexander follows the story of Etiler through a detailed examination of laws, parliamentary minutes, popular media, professional publications on architecture, maps, and other published materials.
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Abad, Arif, Rais Ahmad, and Mohd Abdul Muqeet Maaz. "Why farmers hesitate to join agricultural marketing co-operative societies? Evidence from Indian farmers." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/237-247.
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The biggest problem for Indian farmers, which is the root cause of every other problem, is middlemen. Middlemen pay very less amount to farmers for their produce and sell it to customers for a high price. Agricultural marketing cooperative societies, which allow a group of farmers to join together and perform all the activities concerned with moving the produce from the producers to the consumers, are the ultimate tool to uplift farmers. Indian farmers hesitate to join Agricultural marketing cooperative societies despite they prefer to be exploited by the middlemen. This research work is therefore aims to find out the roots for this kind of thinking so that the policy makers/government can know exactly what is needed in order to make agricultural marketing cooperatives popular and successful among farmers, so that the conditions of farmers can be improved. In this research work with the help of multistage sampling technique Bidaraka village, from Iglas tehsil of Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh has been selected and the data has been collected from 311 farmers in that village. This sample size was determined using appropriate formula. Furthermore, with the help of focused interview technique this study identify six variables which influence farmer’s decision to join/form agricultural marketing cooperative societies and with the help of multi linear regression model the study analysed these variables in order to find out the extent to which these identified variables are the predictors of the farmers’ willingness to join /form agricultural marketing cooperatives. Findings indicate that general and procedural knowledge, cooperation and coordination and willingness to try something new are the major factors that influence farmers’ willingness to join/form agricultural Marketing cooperatives followed by family influence, benefits in being a member and freedom in being a member.
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Chen, Jiayin, Huaqing Wu, Peng Yang, Feng Lyu, and Xuemin Shen. "Cooperative Edge Caching With Location-Based and Popular Contents for Vehicular Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, no. 9 (September 2020): 10291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3004720.
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Gelb, Richard, and Joseph L. Jacobson. "Popular and unpopular children's interactions during cooperative and competitive peer group activities." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 16, no. 3 (June 1988): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00913798.
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Yu, Haifei, Shiyong Chen, Xiang Liu, and Yucheng Wu. "Cooperation-Driven Virtual Terminal Coalition Formation Games for Task Assignment in Mobile Crowdsensing." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9223096.
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Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a popular way of data collection, which forms the large-scale sensing system by smart mobile terminal users and provides multimodal sensor data. In the sensing scenario, there are various sense resource requirements of tasks released by the platform. One of the most urgent issues in MCS is how to choose corresponding users with appropriate sense resources to accomplish assigned tasks. In this article, cooperating among a host of users to perform sense tasks is considered. Firstly, the cooperation among users to accomplish the sense tasks is described as an overlapping coalition formation game (OCF game). In addition, an initial coalition method of using social networks (SN) is proposed to accelerate the formation of coalition. Finally, the cooperation degree is used to describe the cooperative relationships among users, and virtual terminal coalition formation (VTCF) algorithm is proposed to simplify the process of coalition formation. The simulated results show that the proposed approach effectively improves the system’s utility under the constraints of task cost and sense quality.
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Müller, Simon, and Andreas R. Diewald. "Cooperative radar with signature method for unambiguity." Advances in Radio Science 17 (September 19, 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-27-2019.
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Abstract. The increasing availability of off-the-shelf high-frequency components makes radar measurement become popular in mainstream industrial applications. We present a cooperative FM radar for strongly reflective environments, being devised for a range of up to approx. 120 m. The target is designed with an unambiguous signature method and satisfies coherence. A prototype is built with commercial semiconductor components that operates in the 24 GHz industrial, scientific and medical band. First experimental results taken in sewage pipes are presented, using the target prototype and a standard FMCW radio station. An overview on four data acquisition procedures is given.
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Lu, Jian, De Mn Xu, Li Chuan Zhang, and Fu Bin Zhang. "Study on Cooperative Navigation Based on Nonlinear Filtering for Multiple UUVs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2132.
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Cooperative navigation of multiple Unmanned Underwater Vehicles(multi-UUVs) is an important approach to solve localization problem of UUV formation. This paper expatiates on the popular cooperative navigation modes of Leader-Fellow structure and Moving Long Base Line(MLBL) structure, and provides the motion equations and the measure equation based on hydroacoustic Time-Of-Flight(TOF), and studies on the cooperative navigation methods which make use of two nonlinear filters of EKF and UKF. It is an obvious conclusion that adopting cooperative navigation methods can improve effectively localization accuracy of UUV equipped with low precision navigation sensors.
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Soleimani, Somayeh, and Xiaofeng Tao. "Cooperative Crossing Cache Placement in Cache-Enabled Device to Device-Aided Cellular Networks." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091578.
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In cache-enabled device-to-device (D2D) -aided cellular networks, the technique of caching contents in the cooperative crossing between base stations (BSs) and devices can significantly reduce core traffic and enhance network capacity. In this paper, we propose a scheme that establishes device availability, which indicates whether a cache-enabled device can handle the transmission of the desired content within the required sending time, called the delay, while achieving optimal probabilistic caching. We also investigate the impact of transmission device availability on the effectiveness of a scenario of cooperative crossing cache placement, where content delivery traffic can be offloaded from the local cache, a D2D transmitter’s cache via a D2D link, or else directly from a BS via a cellular link, in order to maximize the offloading probability. Further, we derive the cooperation content offloading strategy while considering successful content transmission by D2D transmitters or BSs to guarantee the delay, even though reducing the delay is not the focus of this study. Finally, the proposed problem is formulated. Owing to the non-convexity of the optimization problem, it can be rewritten as a minimization of the difference between the convex functions; thus, it can be solved by difference of convex (DC) programming using a low-complexity algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed cache placement scheme improves the offloading probability by 13.5% and 23% compared to Most Popular Content (MPC) scheme, in which both BSs and devices cache the most popular content and Coop. BS/D2D caching scheme, in which each BS tier and user tier applies cooperative content caching separately.
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Tareva, Nikolina, and Doncho Donev. "Cooperative Learning as a Method for Incraesing Group Cohesion in the Classroom." Педагогически форум 7, no. 3 (2019): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/pf.2019.023.
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Cooperative learning is not a very popular learning method in Bulgaria. This article focuses on one of the aspects of cooperative learning – the potential to increase group cohesion in the classrooms. This characteristic of the method is very important to different areas of psychology and pedagogy as possible means to managing the classroom and preventing aggression. The article presents the collected and analyzed data from a two-year longitudinal research of the connection between cooperative learning and group cohesion in one classroom.
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Li, Ming, Zhenyu Yang, and Wenjing Lou. "CodeOn: Cooperative Popular Content Distribution for Vehicular Networks using Symbol Level Network Coding." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 29, no. 1 (January 2011): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2011.110121.
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Fadhel Al-Doseri, Maryam. "Power Relations through the Flouting of Cooperative Principles in Popular Culture- House M.D." Arab World English Journal, no. 240 (September 15, 2019): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/th.240.
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Tryon, Adeline S., and Susan Phillips Keane. "Popular and aggressive boys' initial social interaction patterns in cooperative and competitive settings." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 19, no. 4 (August 1991): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00919085.
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Hu, Qifan, Qianyun Xu, and Bing Xu. "Introducing of Online Channel and Management Strategy for Green Agri-food Supply Chain based on Pick-Your-Own Operations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111990.
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The popularity of e-commerce has impacted traditional retail business. Farmer cooperatives running green agri-food pick-your-own (PYO) farms are facing the choice of whether or not to adopt online channels. PYO operation refers to consumers picking and purchasing the agri-food growing on a farm, and due to it being environmentally-friendly, healthy, and popular, it has been widely adopted by many farm cooperatives. This paper aims to discuss the practicality of introducing online channels to already established PYO farms in the green agri-food supply chain (GASC), who can personally take charge of the online channel or transfer it to one online retailer. Firstly, we constructed the demand functions of green agri-food by putting consumer utility, the freshness of agri-food, and transportation cost into consideration. Secondly, five decision models are built to characterize five operation modes, namely pure PYO mode, self-operated dual-channel mode, decentralized dual-channel mode, centralized dual-channel mode, and contractual cooperation mode. Furthermore, by taking price, demand, and profit with different modes into consideration, we are able to explore the introduction of online channels and green brand construction. Finally, numerical analysis is performed. We found that: (1) introducing an online channel is preferable strategy since the profit of the farmer cooperative in pure PYO mode is always less than the profit of a farmer cooperative in non-self-operated dual-channel modes; (2) the decision of self-operating an online channel is related to the fixed cost of creating a new online channel and the green food brand effect of online channel, and it is the optimal mode in some cases, while the contractual cooperation mode is the optimal mode in the remaining cases; and (3) the green food brand effect of online channels is does not necessarily improve with scale, and the initial freshness has a positive relationship to the profit, demand, and price of farmer cooperatives and online retailers.
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Gu, Juan. "On the Necessity of Cooperative Learning for Business English Learning." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1101.14.
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With the globalization of the world and the Initiative of Belt and Road, Business English learning is becoming increasingly popular and important in China. Based on the comparison between tradional frontal-lecturing approach and cooperative learning and analysis of the characteristics of Business English course, this paper tries to integrate Business English teaching with cooperative learning from Dewey’s interactive naturalism and humanism with an attempt to explore why cooperative learning is effective in Business English learning to deveplope students’ English competence, business skills and moral qualities.
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Kammen, Douglas. "Fragments of utopia: Popular yearnings in East Timor." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 29, 2009): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409000216.
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Six months after the historic August 1999 referendum in which the people of East Timor voted to reject Indonesia's offer of broad autonomy, the newly appointed chief of the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, Sérgio Vieira de Mello, commented to CNN on the enormous challenge of setting the territory on the road to independence: ‘It is a test case, therefore it is even a laboratory case where we can transform utopia into reality. But I think we can try and get it right in the case of Timor.’ After 24 years of brutal military occupation, the suggestion that East Timor was to be a laboratory case for the United Nations might have seemed insulting, the notion of utopia absurd. Hundreds of thousands of people were without housing. Basic infrastructure lay in ruins. Commodities were scarce and those goods available were sold at grossly inflated prices. Eleven thousand foreign troops had arrived to restore security. Tens of thousands of refugees were still living in squalid camps across the border in Indonesian West Timor, many against their will. Nevertheless, Vieira de Mello's statement neatly captured the twin aspirations of the time — the independence long-dreamed of by East Timorese and the opportunity for the United Nations literally to build a state from the ground up. In the same CNN report, East Timorese Nobel Laureate José Ramos-Horta emphasised precisely this point: ‘This is the first instance in the history of the UN that the UN has managed completely an entire country; and they have a [Timorese pro-independence] movement that is very cooperative, they have an exceptional people that's cooperating with them, so they cannot fail. They are condemned to succeed because failure would be disastrous for the credibility of the UN, so they simply cannot afford to fail.’ Utopia, it seems, had become a necessity.
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Qiu, Jiaosheng. "Pragmatic Analysis of Verbal Humor in Friends—Based on Cooperative Principle." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0908.06.
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This paper briefly introduces the main contents of Grice's cooperative principle of pragmatics and the connotation of the linguistic phenomenon of humour. Then, taking the popular sitcom Friends as an example, this paper lists the process of producing humor through deliberate violation of the cooperative principle in communication, so as to improve the readers' understanding of the generating mechanism of English humor and increase their interest in learning.
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Cluverius, John, and Joshua J. Dyck. "Deconstructing Popular Mythologies about Millennials and Party Identification." Forum 17, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2019-0017.
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Abstract Americans born before 1980, called Millennials, are repeatedly treated as a singular voting bloc, but much like the Baby Boomers, have been socialized across a series of very different elections. We develop a theory of millennial political socialization that argues that older Millennials are more tied to the Democratic party and more liberal than their younger counterparts. We use the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study and an original survey of 1274 Americans conducted before the 2016 elections to test this theory. We find some support for our theory; in addition, we find that younger Millennials are socialized by issues of identity politics and culture – specifically on issues of immigration and the role of race in society. This implies a generation that largely favors Democrats, but whose Republicans are more culturally conservative than middle aged Republican voters.
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Kumar, Prashant, Naveen Chauhan, LK Awasthi, and Narottam Chand. "Enhancing Data Availability in MANETs with Cooperative Caching." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 3, no. 4 (October 2011): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2011100104.
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Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are very popular solutions where network infrastructure installation is not possible. In MANETs, nodes are mobile, and due to this mobility, topology of the network changes rapidly. This dynamic topology reduces the data availability in MANETs. Cooperative caching provides an attractive solution for this problem. In this paper, a new cooperative caching algorithm, ProCoCa, is proposed. This algorithm is based on a proactive approach. Each node will be associated with a zone and the data of leaving node will be cached. The authors simulate the algorithm on OMNET++ simulator, and simulation results show that ProCoCa improves the data availability as well as overall performance of the network.
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Ren, Tianzhu, Yuanchang Xie, and Liming Jiang. "Cooperative Highway Work Zone Merge Control Based on Reinforcement Learning in a Connected and Automated Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (July 17, 2020): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120935873.
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Given the aging infrastructure and the anticipated growing number of highway work zones in the U.S.A., it is important to investigate work zone merge control, which is critical for improving work zone safety and capacity. This paper proposes and evaluates a novel highway work zone merge control strategy based on cooperative driving behavior enabled by artificial intelligence. The proposed method assumes that all vehicles are fully automated, connected, and cooperative. It inserts two metering zones in the open lane to make space for merging vehicles in the closed lane. In addition, each vehicle in the closed lane learns how to adjust its longitudinal position optimally to find a safe gap in the open lane using an off-policy soft actor critic reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, considering its surrounding traffic conditions. The learning results are captured in convolutional neural networks and used to control individual vehicles in the testing phase. By adding the metering zones and taking the locations, speeds, and accelerations of surrounding vehicles into account, cooperation among vehicles is implicitly considered. This RL-based model is trained and evaluated using a microscopic traffic simulator. The results show that this cooperative RL-based merge control significantly outperforms popular strategies such as late merge and early merge in terms of both mobility and safety measures. It also performs better than a strategy assuming all vehicles are equipped with cooperative adaptive cruise control.
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Wang, Hong-Bo, Qing-Dong Su, and Ruolei Zeng. "Cooperative Encoding Strategy for Gate Array Placement." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 10, no. 4 (October 2018): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2018100103.
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In recent years, the quadratic force-directed placement is becoming popular due to its stable quality at low power. The force-directed placement composes of two operations, namely, orientating and modulating. The two actions are going on until the overlap degree can meet a predetermined target. Different methods have a great influence on their quality of a layout. A novel encoding strategy of two-dimensional chromosome based on immune cooperative optimization is suggested. The main works first focus on a multi-point crossover strategy, and its Poisson distribution makes use of a Euclidean distance density between the concentration of antibody suppression and the translation variation of optimal gene pairs in two-dimension. Then, a flexible region division is proposed for dealing with the layout problem of gate array. The related experiment indicates the constructed encoding strategy for gate array placement is effective and efficient.
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Cheng, Kai-Wen. "Dynamic Problem-Solving Processes in a Web-Based Cooperative Learning Environment for an Accounting Course." Journal of Education and Development 2, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v2i2.415.
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This study investigated the dynamic processes involved in problem solving in a web-based cooperative learning environment implemented for a university accounting course. 54 students were recruited in a 4-year hospitality management program. The messages of participants in group discussions were counted and categorized to investigate the dynamic processes of problem-solving employed by students. These dialogues and follow-up interviews revealed a number of interesting findings: (1) students felt that the web-based cooperative learning environment was similar to a social network; (2) peer-interaction in web-based cooperative learning is highly beneficial; (3) the course of study may influence the nature of problem-solving messages; (4) the teaching method could alter the cognitive level of problem-solving; (5) a co-working style was the most common approach employed in the web-based cooperative learning environment; (6) cooperative learning is becoming increasingly popular in education; (7) technological developments can be expected to boost the adoption of web-based cooperative learning.
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Jia, Min, Xue Mai Gu, and Qun Wu. "Improved Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Scheme for Satellite Communication Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 1707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.1707.
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The technology of Amplify-and-forward cooperative diversity is popular for the cooperative communication system. And it can be applied when a communication terminal can’t communicate with other communication terminal directly. Moreover, this kind of scheme has been studied by the researchers for the application of terrestrial wireless communication systems. The conventional system presents that the power are equally distributed among all nodes. However, this algorithm can not be applied to satellites communication systems directly. Therefore, an improved Amplify-and-Forward cooperative scheme is presented in this paper, and the simulation results show that it can obtain the larger system capacity and better BER performance.
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Lytridis, Chris, Vassilis G. Kaburlasos, Theodore Pachidis, Michalis Manios, Eleni Vrochidou, Theofanis Kalampokas, and Stamatis Chatzistamatis. "An Overview of Cooperative Robotics in Agriculture." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091818.
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Agricultural robotics has been a popular subject in recent years from an academic as well as a commercial point of view. This is because agricultural robotics addresses critical issues such as seasonal shortages in manual labor, e.g., during harvest, as well as the increasing concern regarding environmentally friendly practices. On one hand, several individual agricultural robots have already been developed for specific tasks (e.g., for monitoring, spraying, harvesting, transport, etc.) with varying degrees of effectiveness. On the other hand, the use of cooperative teams of agricultural robots in farming tasks is not as widespread; yet, it is an emerging trend. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the work carried out so far in the area of cooperative agricultural robotics and identifies the state-of-the-art. This paper also outlines challenges to be addressed in fully automating agricultural production; the latter is promising for sustaining an increasingly vast human population, especially in cases of pandemics such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ren, Jin. "A Switch On/Off Relaying Scheme in TDMB Cooperative System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.167.
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Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (TDMB) is one popular broadcasting standard that enable digital television transmissions to hand held receivers and cooperative system take advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless channels, uses relay stations as virtual antennas. Relay stations are an attractive solution to penetrate the wireless system with lower transmitting power at the Base station. In this paper, we presented a scheme can switch on/off the power weighting ratio between Base station and Relay station in TDMB cooperative system. It will control the active relays in different channel propagations effectively.
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García-Almeida, Desiderio Juan, and María Teresa Cabrera-Nuez. "The influence of knowledge recipients’ proactivity on knowledge construction in cooperative learning experiences." Active Learning in Higher Education 21, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469787418754569.
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Cooperative learning techniques in teaching activities are becoming increasingly popular. Many studies have documented the benefits of these techniques, but fewer have analysed the factors affecting students’ achievement. One of those factors could be the student’s proactivity, since cooperative techniques require active involvement of students. Proactivity or proactive behaviour relates to pioneering behaviour, initiative taken to exploit new opportunities, and a leading attitude. This study analyses the influence of several aspects related to students’ proactivity on knowledge construction in the context of cooperative learning. The aspects included in the proactivity framework are the student’s creativity, locus of control, self-effectiveness, and motivation towards cooperative learning. These variables and their potential effect on knowledge construction in cooperative experiences are discussed. The resulting hypotheses are tested with data from students who participated in a jigsaw, and the results show the positive impact of the internal locus of control and self-efficacy, along with the fact that the student is attending the course for the first time.
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Shukla, Aasheesh, Vishal Goyal, Puneet Mishra, and Vinay Kumar Deolia. "Cooperative relay beamforming in IDMA communication networks." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0042.
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Abstract In this paper, a new combination of Interleave division multiple access (IDMA) and spatial diversity offered by cooperative relay aided distributed beam forming is proposed. In the offered scheme communication strategy consists two steps. All users broadcast their message to relays in the first step and then relays amplifies and forward the information to the desired destination. IDMA, which is popular non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is used to combat the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) at relay as well as destination nodes. Each relay processed the signal to maintain the QoS of destination. The goal of this work is to find the appropriate beam forming weights by minimising the transmit power and without compromising the QoS in terms of SINR. However power minimization is not the convex problem, so semi-definite relaxation is used to modify the problem in to semi-definite programming (SDP) problem and the conventional SDP problem solver CVX is used for solution. The numerical explanation and simulation experiment of the proposed scheme shows the performance improvements in terms of bit error rate.
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Liu, En Yu, Xiang Min Guan, Xue Jun Zhang, and Jie Zeng. "Conflict Resolution Based on Cooperative Coevolutionary with Dynamic Grouping Strategy for Multi-Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1251.
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Conflict resolution problem (CRP) plays a crucial role in the guarantee of safety. This paper formulates CRP as a multi-agent path planning problem which aims to find optimal paths for aircrafts. An algorithm named CCDG is proposed to tackle it based on cooperative coevolutionary (CC) with a dynamic grouping strategy for aircraft. CCDG makes aircraft divided into several equal sub-groups according to the dynamic grouping strategy. Each sub-group can adopt an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to optimize the aircrafts paths fully distributed and in parallel. Optimal solution is obtained through cooperation and coordination with all sub-populations. Empirical studies using extremely scenario adopted by previous research show that CCDG outperformed the existing approach (the fast GA), and the popular path planner that each aircraft uses an EA. Moreover, CCDG succeed to improve the airspace safety and reduce cost for CR.
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S. Eissa, Nour El Din, and Gamal I. Selim. "Cooperative Intrusion Detection Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 3 (March 30, 2014): 4256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i3.2756.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are becoming more and more popular everyday due to their increasing ability to monitor certain phenomenon over wide regions such as air pollution, natural disaster, industrial monitoring and underwater applications [1]. The simple security capabilities of the nodes in the sensors network makes it an easy target for an intruder to take over some of the node(s) in the sensor network and to start altering the data received or sent by these nodes before forwarding it to the other nodes in effort to prevent the destination from properly decoding or reading the received data. These attacked nodes lead to tremendous amount of unusable data travelling across the network. The objective of this paper aims to detect these malicious nodes and cast them outside the network using a cooperative local voting approach with a dynamic center and study its effect on the amount of aggregated data though the network and the time required to deliver the sensors data.
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Walter, Stefanie, Elias Dinas, Ignacio Jurado, and Nikitas Konstantinidis. "Noncooperation by Popular Vote: Expectations, Foreign Intervention, and the Vote in the 2015 Greek Bailout Referendum." International Organization 72, no. 4 (2018): 969–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818318000255.
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AbstractWhen popular referendums fail to ratify new international agreements or succeed in reversing existing ones, it not only affects domestic voters but also creates negative spillovers for the other parties to such agreements. We explore how voters respond to this strategic environment. We use original survey data from a poll fielded just one day before the 2015 Greek bailout referendum—a referendum in which the stakes for other countries were particularly high—to investigate how expectations about the likely foreign response to a noncooperative referendum outcome influence voting behavior and to what extent foreign policymakers can influence those expectations. Our analysis of the Greek referendum shows that such expectations had a powerful effect on voting behavior: voters expecting that a noncooperative referendum outcome would force Greece to leave the eurozone were substantially more likely to vote cooperatively than those believing that it would result in renewed negotiations with the country's creditors. Leveraging the bank closure that took place right before the vote, we also show that costly signals by foreign actors made voters more pessimistic about the consequences of a noncooperative vote and substantially increased the share of cooperative votes.
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Li, Qi, Xiaoxiang Wang, Dongyu Wang, Yibo Zhang, Yanwen Lan, Qiang Liu, and Lei Song. "Analysis of an SDN-Based Cooperative Caching Network with Heterogeneous Contents." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121491.
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The ubiquity of data-enabled mobile devices and wireless-enabled data applications has fostered the rapid development of wireless content caching, which is an efficient approach to mitigating cellular traffic pressure. Considering the content characteristics and real caching circumstances, a software-defined network (SDN)-based cooperative caching system is presented. First, we define a new file block library with heterogeneous content attributes [file popularity, mobile user (MU) preference, file size]. An SDN-based three-tier caching network is presented in which the base station supplies control coverage for the entire macrocell and cache helpers (CHs), MUs with cache capacities offer data coverage. Using the ‘most popular content’ and ‘largest diversity content’, a distributed cooperative caching strategy is proposed in which the caches of the MUs store the most popular contents of the file block library to mitigate the effect of MU mobility, and those of the CHs store the remaining contents in a probabilistic caching manner to enrich the content diversity and reduce the MU caching pressure. The request meet probability (RMPro) is subsequently proposed, and the optimal caching distribution of the contents in the probabilistic caching strategy is obtained via optimization. Finally, using the result of RMPro optimization, we also analyze the content retrieval delays that occur when a typical MU requests a file block or a whole file. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed caching system can achieve quasi-optimal revenue performance compared with other contrasting schemes.
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Santos, Ana Maria Marques. "DA GÊNESE DAS CONTRADIÇÕES: a contradição capital-trabalho e a sociabilidade do cooperativismo popular." Revista Políticas Públicas 18 (August 5, 2014): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v18nep423-428.
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O artigo faz uma abordagem sobre a nova sociabilidade do trabalho cooperado, que se destaca, na atualidade, como movimento conflitante, a partir da gênese das contradições: a contradição capital-trabalho. Aponta que essa condição, gestada sob a crise estrutural produtiva e distributiva, dá abertura a outras formas de organização, entre elas, a nova sociabilidade voltada ao coletivo e ao solidário. Constata que esses pontos passam a ser foco de interesse da economia e da administração, a fim de identificar a eficiência das relações homem-trabalho-tecnologias. Evidencia que, dessa forma, está explicitada a intensa e incursiva contradição que engendra a nossa realidade cotidiana na expropriação da força de trabalho, e com ela a apropriação e expropriação do trabalho cooperado.Palavras-chave: Contradição, cooperativismo popular, sociabilidade, trabalho.GENESIS OF CONTRADICTIONS: the capital-labour contradiction and the sociability of popular cooperativismAbstract: A new sociability cooperative work stands out today as conflicting movement, from the Genesis contradictions: a contradiction between capital and labour. This condition, onceived under a productive and distributive structural crisis gives an opening between other forms of organization, they, â new sociability dedicated to collective and solidarity. These points will become the focus of interest of the economy and the Administration, in order to know about a Report the man-worktechnologyrelations. Is made explicit in this way an intense and incursiva contradiction produces a our everyday reality in the expropriation of the workforce, and with it ownership and expropriation of cooperative work.Keywords: Contradiction, popular cooperativism, sociability, work.
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Nowacka, Anna. "COUNTERACTING FINANCIAL EXCLUSION AS AN ETHICAL ASPECT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF COOPERATIVE BANKS BASED ON OWN RESEARCH." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.1.11.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to present the opinions of clients on the ethical aspects of the activities of cooperative banks in the context of limiting financial exclusion. The author attempts to answer the questions: were clients refused with banking services, what were the reasons for this refusal, do cooperative banks offer electronic banking services to limit financial exclusion. The empirical basis of the issues discussed herein is the study of the subject literature and the results of a survey conducted among 132 clients of selected cooperative banks. The thesis assumes that financially excluded clients are those who have limited access to the products and services offered by cooperative banks. The following methods were used to develop the test results: structural and χ2 test. Based on the results of the survey, general conclusions were drawn. A small percentage of clients of the selected cooperative banks encountered difficulties in accessing banking services. Financially excluded clients are usually single men, living in the countryside, farm workers or physical workers. Electronic banking services are not very popular among clients of cooperative banks. It is difficult to identify the effect of non-cash trading on the level of financial exclusion of these institutions.
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Lorenčič, Vivien, Elen Twrdy, and Milan Batista. "Development of Competitive–Cooperative Relationships among Mediterranean Cruise Ports since 2000." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (May 24, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050374.
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Cruise shipping has been extremely popular in recent years, and one of the fastest-growing areas has been the Mediterranean. In the paper, we examine the evaluation of possible competitive–cooperative relationships among Mediterranean cruise ports for the period 2000–2017. To this end, we use three models: the dynamic shift-share model, the Lotka–Volterra model (LVM), and the logistic model (LM). The evaluation of basic market indices is included for completeness. The analysis shows that cruise traffic is in a saturation phase. The shift-share and LVM models reveal that interaction among ports is not significant for the large ports, but could be essential for the small ones.
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Zou, Wenping, Yunlong Zhu, Hanning Chen, and Xin Sui. "A Clustering Approach Using Cooperative Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2010 (2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/459796.
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Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is one of the most recently introduced algorithms based on the intelligent foraging behavior of a honey bee swarm. This paper presents an extended ABC algorithm, namely, the Cooperative Article Bee Colony (CABC), which significantly improves the original ABC in solving complex optimization problems. Clustering is a popular data analysis and data mining technique; therefore, the CABC could be used for solving clustering problems. In this work, first the CABC algorithm is used for optimizing six widely used benchmark functions and the comparative results produced by ABC, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and its cooperative version (CPSO) are studied. Second, the CABC algorithm is used for data clustering on several benchmark data sets. The performance of CABC algorithm is compared with PSO, CPSO, and ABC algorithms on clustering problems. The simulation results show that the proposed CABC outperforms the other three algorithms in terms of accuracy, robustness, and convergence speed.
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Wesp, Richard, and Kathleen Montgomery. "Developing Critical Thinking through the Study of Paranormal Phenomena." Teaching of Psychology 25, no. 4 (October 1998): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986289809709714.
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Accounts of popular paranormal phenomena can serve as an ideal medium in which to encourage students to develop their critical’ thinking skills. This article describes a cooperative-learning approach used to teach critical thinking in a course on paranormal events. Critical-thinking skills increased; the course and many of its components received high student ratings.
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Breuer, Johannes, John Velez, Nicholas Bowman, Tim Wulf, and Gary Bente. "“Drive the Lane; Together, Hard!”." Journal of Media Psychology 29, no. 1 (January 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000209.
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Abstract. As an entertainment technology, video games are a popular social activity that can allow for multiple players to cooperatively engage on-screen challenges. Emerging research has found that when people play together, the resulting teamwork can have beneficial impacts on their prosocial orientations after gameplay – especially when the players are cooperative with one another. The present study wanted to expand the scope of these beneficial interpersonal effects by considering both inter- and intrapersonal factors. In an experimental study (N = 115) we manipulated the difficulty of a game (easy or hard) and the behavior of a confederate teammate (supportive or unsupportive playing style). We found that neither coplayer supportiveness nor game difficulty had an effect on the expectations of a teammate’s prosocial behavior or one’s own prosocial behavior toward the teammate after the game (operationalized as willingness to share small amounts of money with one’s teammate after playing). Increased expectations of prosocial behavior from one’s teammate were related to one’s own prosocial behaviors, independent of our manipulations. Considering these results, we propose alternative theoretical approaches to understanding complex social interactions in video games. Furthermore, we suggest to explore other types of manipulations of game difficulty and cooperation between video game players as well as alternative measures of prosocial behavior.
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Isjoni, Isjoni. "The Implementation of Cooperative Learning Model For Critical Thinking Skills in the History Subject at SMA Pekanbaru." International Journal of Educational Best Practices 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijebp.v1n1.p36-52.
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In the approach to learning, teachers must be able to create an active, creative, effective, and funlearing. One of the learning approaches that can be used to create this active, creative, effectiveand fun learning in a group is cooperative learning. Jigsaw was particularly selected from varioustypes of cooperative learning. It was because it is used by researchers in science education, andless popular in social science education. Jigsaw arouse students' attitudes to learning, including inthe History subject. Jigsaw that is one ofthe types of cooperative learning models that encouragesstudents to be active and help each others in mastering the subject matter to achieve maximumperformance. The aim of the study was to see the different models of cooperative learning onstudents' critical thinking skills in the History subject. The method used was by using the teststatistics with analysis using Excel for Windows. To determine whether there is any differences,tests of paired data (Student's t-test) were comducted. If there are no significant differencesbetween the dependent variable for the pre-test, it will be used followed by ANOVA in the posttest. The results showed that there is a difference between the type of cooperative learning modeljigsaw with traditional learning in the study on the critical thinking skills of students in the Historysubject.
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Castronovo, Alioscia. "Reinventing the Common:." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7825636.
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Starting from ethnographic research on popular economies carried out in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, I aim to contribute to reflection on the common as a mode of production, analyzing the popular community frameworks, practices of self-management of work, and the processes of political subjectivation in the experience of the textile cooperative Juana Villca. In dialogue with the experiences and subjectivities encountered in the field, I reflect on the relationships between crisis, self-organization, and conflict, analyzing the productivity of the political dimension and the politicization of production and reproduction in self-management dynamics. In the article, I maintain that these experiences constitute the infrastructure of an emerging popular institutionality, which, considered as such, contributes to the analysis of the common as a mode of production and social relationship capable of building a political and productive alternative.
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Hassan, Jamal A., and Samah A. Mustafa. "Capacity of Cooperative Spatial Modulation (CSM) System with Optimum Relay Selection." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (July 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8345878.
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In this work, the capacity of the cooperative spatial modulation (CSM) system is analysed. Relay-aided transmission is considered to improve the coverage and the reliability using decode and forward scheme. Due to the nonclosed form of the spatial modulation capacity function, its upper and lower bounds are derived. The lower bound of the capacity is exploited to formulate the optimal relay selection problem to maximize the channel utilization, where the optimal relay selection algorithm (ORSA) and modified maximum harmonic mean (MMHM) are proposed to select single or multiple relays. A comparison study in terms of the performance and the computational complexity is presented for the evaluation purpose. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the capacity of CSM compared to other most popular relay selection strategies.
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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Rafidah Md Noor, Zaheed Ahmed, Umm-e-Habiba, Naveed Akram, and Fausto Pedro García Márquez. "A cooperative heterogeneous vehicular clustering framework for efficiency improvement." Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 22, no. 9 (September 2021): 1247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2000260.
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AbstractHeterogeneous vehicular clustering integrates multiple types of communication networks to work efficiently for various vehicular applications. One popular form of heterogeneous network is the integration of long-term evolution (LTE) and dedicated short-range communication. The heterogeneity of such a network infrastructure and the non-cooperation involved in sharing cost/data are potential problems to solve. A vehicular clustering framework is one solution to these problems, but the framework should be formally verified and validated before being deployed in the real world. To solve these issues, first, we present a heterogeneous framework, named destination and interest-aware clustering, for vehicular clustering that integrates vehicular ad hoc networks with the LTE network for improving road traffic efficiency. Then, we specify a model system of the proposed framework. The model is formally verified to evaluate its performance at the functional level using a model checking technique. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework at the micro-level, a heterogeneous simulation environment is created by integrating state-of-the-art tools. The comparison of the simulation results with those of other known approaches shows that our proposed framework performs better.