Journal articles on the topic 'Popular Entomology'

Alexander Zinovyovich Zlotin was a founder of the Kharkiv School of Technical Entomology, Honorary Chairman of the Kharkiv Entomological Society and author of numerous scientific works and popular books. After graduation, he began to work in All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection Chemicals in Moscow, and then worked in the Institute of Sericulture of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine and since 1986 on the Faculty of Natural Sciences in the Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after H. S. Skovoroda and in the Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy. His scientific work mainly concerned breeding and maintaining sustainable populations of gypsy moths, silkworms and Chinese tussar moths. Alexander Zinovyovich Zlotin was an outstanding teacher. Twenty Ph. D. and six Dr. Sci. in biology, technical entomology and animal breeding are among his students. The article summarizes the scientific, social and organizational work of the famous Ukrainian entomologist Alexander Zinovyovich Zlotin. Lists of scientific and educational publications are attached in chronological order. 5 figs, 1 refs.

Under what conditions have people in the past come to arrange their domestic lives more intentionally, and what role have the sciences played in this process? To address this question, this essay examines the transformation of human homes into experimental sites for the study of animal behavior. Between 1880 and 1920, the “insectarium” became both a popular toy and a key tool for the scientific study of the social insects. At the same time, social change and feminist politics were calling into question bourgeois norms of domesticity. In this context, the enterprise of domestic entomology took the rigid, seemingly timeless idea of a “natural home” and transformed it into a research question: how malleable were insects’ home-making instincts? The essay argues that the idea of behavioral plasticity as it emerged in entomology circa 1900 reflected and informed an experimental, multispecies approach to human homemaking. In this way, the essay demonstrates the value of studying the history of science together with the history of private life.

Jeanette Samyn, “Cruel Consciousness: Louis Figuier, John Ruskin, and the Value of Insects” (pp. 89–114) This essay examines two opposing theories of consciousness and value in relation to nineteenth century entomology. In The Insect World (1868), the French popularizer of science Louis Figuier extends consciousness to aesthetically unappealing and seemingly cruel insects such as parasites by attributing to them sociality and industry. With little recourse to theological or conventional moral standards, Figuier ascribes value to parasites—on account of their consciousness, which aligns their experience with human sentience, and also because of their role as environmental mediators. In this view, he subtly paves the way for a biocentric approach to the natural world that remains controversial today. John Ruskin, meanwhile, brings up popular entomology (epitomized, he says, by Figuier’s text) as a complicated counter to his own views on labor and aesthetics in his letters to the working men and women of England, Fors Clavigera (1871–84). Questioning the contemporary “instinct” for the study of parasites—and despite recent associations of Ruskin with ecological thought—Ruskin takes pains in these letters to uphold the difference between human and nonhuman life. In his efforts to limit consciousness to the most valuable and difficult of human labors, however, he engages seriously with the implications of proto-parasitological thought for human ethics.

Molecular tools have been used in taxonomy for the purpose of identification and classification of living organisms. Among these, a short sequence of the mitochondrial DNA, popularly known as DNA barcoding, has become very popular. However, the usefulness and dependability of DNA barcodes have been recently questioned because mitochondrial pseudogenes, non-functional copies of the mitochondrial DNA incorporated into the nuclear genome, have been found in various taxa. When these paralogous sequences are amplified together with the mitochondrial DNA, they may go unnoticed and end up being analyzed as if they were orthologous sequences. In this contribution the different points of view regarding the implications of mitochondrial pseudogenes for entomology are reviewed and discussed. A discussion of the problem from a historical and conceptual perspective is presented as well as a discussion of strategies to keep these nuclear mtDNA copies out of sequence analyzes.

Henry Walter Bates was born in Leicester, England, on 8 February 1825. Early in life he developed a keen interest in natural history in general, and in insects in particular. He met and befriended Alfred Russel Wallace, and in 1848 the two embarked on a collecting expedition to the Amazon Valley. They soon parted company and thereafter collected separately in different areas of Amazonia. Bates returned to England 11 years later, in 1859. He was quick to embrace Darwin's and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection, and was one of the first to back the theory with evidence from the natural world. A case in point was Bates's theory of mimicry, which now bears his name. In 1863, his popular book The Naturalist on the River Amazons was published. Bates took the post of Assistant Secretary at the Royal Geographical Society of London in 1864 and continued in that position until his death in 1892. During that period he produced in his spare time a prodigious number of publications in systematic entomology, mostly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Many of his works were accompanied by insightful discussions of zoogeography, thus distinguishing Bates as one of the more remarkable and progressive systematists of his time.

Lucy Evelyn Cheesman (1881-1969) was a key figure in 20th-century entomology. During both world wars, she used her fluency in German and her practical knowledge of remote New Guinea to assist allied governments; in between wars, she was the first female curator of the Insect House of the Royal Zoological Society. Her first research trip was to the Galápagos Islands (1923-1925) at age 42; her last was to Ane-ityum Island (Vanuatu) some 30 years later. She published scientific and popular literature until shortly before her death at the age of 88 and donated more than 70,000 specimens to the collections of the Natural History Museum. Many of these were new not only to the museum but also to science. In 1948, the museum's board of trustees made Evelyn an honorary associate, and her contribution to science was further recognized in 1955 with an Order of the British Empire. This article draws on the rich store of Cheesman's personal papers, held in the Library and Archives of the Natural History Museum, to place her work as an entomologist in a biographical framework. As a scientist, she was remarkable, and as a woman unwilling to accept age- or gender-based limitations, she is inspirational.

Dr. Barnabás Nagy(1921–2020), a naturalist, orthopterologist, agrozoologist and forward-looking ecologist covered a rich scientific career. In commemoration of his significant contribution to entomology, we attempt to shed some light on a selection of his achievements. While devoted to his chosen insect order, Orthoptera, he was sensitive also to problems coming from everyday’s practice in controlling pests in agriculture. Consequently, he dealt with various pest species, belonging to a variety of insect taxa (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera). He always put the actual problem in ecological context. This may have helped him to recognize the need for an ecological approach in plant protection and to develop the pioneering concept of biological / ecological pest management, published in Hungarian, as early as in 1957. When arguing for his concept, he criticized the surplus usages of toxic pesticides and provided guidelines for facilitating the beneficial activity of the natural enemies of pests. This way he prepared the way for integrated pest management (IPM), preceding the international mainstream of his age. He held an active part in the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), as a founder of the International Working Group of Ostrinia (IWGO), and was the Head of the Department of Zoology of the Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary. He held several positions in the Hungarian Entomological Society (President, vice-President, Secretary, committee member), to that society he was engaged for 80 years. Here we cite only some of his most important, original entomological papers. He regularly published also in journals for popular science and gave lectures for the young generations of entomologists.Curriculum vitae in a nutshell

Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888) was one of the most popular naturalists of the Victorian era. Not only is he recognized as the co-inventor of the marine aquarium, and for initiating the marine biology craze that swept England during the 1850s, but he is remembered for a series of popular natural history books that opened up a new field of scientific literature. Gosse is probably best known for his opposition to evolutionary theory, notably in his book Omphalos (1857), the publication of which was dramatically documented in his son's book Father and Son (1907). Yet what is most remarkable about Gosse is the fact that he was a completely self-educated naturalist. This paper examines his development as a naturalist during his stay in Newfoundland and Lower Canada, over the period 1827–38. In addition the books he produced during these years, namely the unpublished Entomologia Terrae Novae and The Canadian Naturalist, are reassessed and their importance in the development of Canadian science discussed. Finally, Gosse's religious development during these years is also examined in an attempt to understand the reasons behind his subsequent rejection of evolutionism.

ABSTRAK<br />Penanaman varietas tahan hama adalah salah satu cara pengendalian<br />serangga hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula, yang telah diadopsi petani<br />kapas di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan hama cukup efektif<br />menekan serangan hama pengisap ini. Namun demikian, peluang adanya<br />cara pengendalian alternatif patut dipertimbangkan, misalnya memanfaat-<br />kan faktor mortalitas biotik A. biguttula, seperti musuh alami. Penelitian<br />pengaruh varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan populasi<br />predator hama pengisap daun A. biguttula telah dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, dan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Malang, mulai Januari sampai<br />Desember 2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh<br />perbedaan varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan predator<br />A. biguttula. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor I adalah varietas<br />kapas dengan tingkat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula berbeda-beda, yaitu:<br />(1) TAMCOT SP37 (peka), (2) Kanesia 7 (moderat), dan (3) LRA 5166<br />(tahan). Faktor II adalah pola tanam kapas, yaitu: (1) monokultur, dan (2)<br />tumpangsari dengan kedelai. Setiap perlakuan disusun secara faktorial<br />dengan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.<br />Parameter pengamatannya adalah populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan<br />predator. Di laboratorium dilakukan uji pemangsaan terhadap predator<br />terpilih dengan cara memberi umpan nimfa A. biguttula untuk mengetahui<br />kemampuannya memangsa per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<br />perbedaan tingkat ketahanan varietas terhadap A. biguttula mempengaruhi<br />perkembangan populasi kompleks predator. Lebih banyak predator<br />ditemukan pada TAMCOT SP37 dan Kanesia 7 dibanding pada LRA<br />5166. Sedangkan perbedaan pola tanam tidak menyebabkan perbedaan<br />populasi predator. Kapas monokultur maupun tumpangsari dapat<br />menyediakan lingkungan ideal bagi perkembangan kompleks predator.<br />Laba-laba dan Paederus sp. adalah predator yang populasinya lebih<br />dominan dibanding predator lainnya. Pada uji pemangsaan di<br />laboratorium, Paederus sp. mampu memangsa 15-25 nimfa A. biguttula<br />instar kecil dan 10-20 instar besar, sedangkan laba-laba per hari<br />memangsa 2-12 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan besar.<br />Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nimfa, mortalitas biotik, varietas, pola tanam,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton on<br />population density of insect predator Amrasca biguttula<br />(Ishida)<br />Planting resistant variety of cotton is one of cultural method for<br />controlling sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. This method has widely been<br />applied by cotton farmers in Indonesia. Nevertheless, alternative control<br />should also be found to obtain better control of this pest, e.g. biological<br />control by using parasitoids and predators. Study on effect of variety and<br />cropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predator of A.<br />biguttula was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station and in<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Institute<br />in Malang from January to December 2005. The objective of study was to<br />study the effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to population<br />density of insect predators. Treatment consists of two factors. The first<br />factor was cotton variety based on resistance to A. biguttula, viz.<br />TAMCOT SP37, Kanesia 7, and LRA 5166 known susceptible,<br />intermediate, and resistant to A. biguttula, respectively. The second factor<br />was cropping system with monoculture and intercropping with soybean.<br />Each treatments was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications.<br />Parameter observed in field study were population of A. biguttula and its<br />predators. While, the laboratory study was to find out the daily prey<br />ability of selected predator by baiting nymph of A. biguttula.<br />The result showed that difference resistance of cotton variety<br />influenced the population density of insect predator. More insect predators<br />were found on TAMCOT SP37 and Kanesia 7 compared to LRA 5166,<br />while the density of insect predator was not affected by different cropping<br />pattern and it was due to the patterns provided better environment for<br />insect predator development. Spider and Paederus sp. were the dominant<br />insect predators found in the field because their population higher than<br />those other predators. Laboratory study showed that Paederus sp. preyed<br />15-25 younger and 10-20 older instar of nymph per day, while spider ate<br />2-12 nymphs of both age of A. biguttula per day.<br />Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nymph, biotic mortality, variety, cropping<br />pattern, East Java

Penyebaran Populasi Nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai Vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Tidore Kepulauan (Distribution of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Population as A Vector of Dengue Fever Disease in Tidore Kepulauan City) Fahrisal 1*), Betsy Pinaria1), Dantje Tarore1)1)Program Studi Entomologi, Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: atreyafahrisal@gmail.com Diterima 10 Februari 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasikan 28 Februari 2019 Abstrak Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan penting di indonesia saat ini baik di daerah tropis dan suptropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penyebaran populasi nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor penularan penyakit DBD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Soasio Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei cara pengambilan sampel yakni dengan pengambilan purposive sampling. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan pada setiap kelurahan yaitu 13 kelurahan yang tersebar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Soasio yaitu tempat-tempat seperti pelayanan kesehatan, pelayanan pendidikan, daerah pemukiman penduduk, dan lahan-lahan kosong di sekitar daerah pemukiman. Hasil penelitian populasi nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang di temukan di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Soasio mencangkup 13 Kelurahan bervariasi antara 6-23 individu. Populasi Ae. aegypti tertingi di Kelurahan Tuguwaji yaitu 23 individu dan terendah di Kelurahan Tambula yaitu 6 individu. Populasi nyamuk Ae. aegypti terbanyak pada waktu pagi yaitu jam 08:00-10:00 sebanyak 52 individu dan sore hari jam 14:00-16:00 sebanyak 50 individu. Jumlah penderita DBD antara bulan November 2018 sampai bulan Januari 2019 sebanyak 5 orang, yang terdiri dari 3 orang di kelurahan Tuguwaji, satu orang di kelurahan Indonesiana dan 1 orang di kelurahan Tomagoba. Kata Kunci: Ae. aegypti, Demam berdarah dengue (DBD), penyebaran, populasi Abstract Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the important health problems in Indonesia today both in the tropics and suptropis. Purpose of the study assess population and the spread of mosquitoes. Ae aegypti as a vector of transmission of DHF in the working area of Soasio City Health Center, Tidore Islands. This research was conducted using the survey method of sampling method by taking purposive sampling. The catch of mosquitoes was carried out in each kelurahan, namely 13 urban villages scattered in the work area of the Soasio Health Center, namely places such as health services, education services, residential areas, and vacant land around residential areas. Results of research on mosquito population Ae. aegypti found in the Puskesmas work area of the ratio includes 13 sub-districts varying between 6-23 individuals. population the highest Ae. aegypti in Tuguwaji Village is 23 individuals and the lowest in Tambula Village is 6 individuals. Population of mosquitoes most Ae. aegypti in the morning, which is at 08:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. by 52 individuals and in the afternoon at 14:00 to 16:00 as many as 50 individuals. The number of dengue sufferers between November 2018 and January 2019 is 5 people, consisting of 3 people in Tuguwaji village, 1 person in the Indonesiana village and 1 person in Tomagoba village.Keywords: Ae. aegypti, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), spread, population

The order Odonata contains the dragonflies and damselflies and is one of the most popular insect groups. Odonates are popular with both the amateur and professional because they are large, colorful, easily observable and have exceptionally charismatic behaviors. In recent years dragonflies in particular have been popular with birders as many dragonflies rival birds in wingspan, color, gregariousness, and predictability. As a result of their popularity with the public, they have become the focus of many conservation efforts in North America, Europe, and Asia. This document is EENY-355, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 2005. EENY355/IN632: Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) (ufl.edu)

Episodes of pest resistance to popular pesticides can cause yield losses, reduction of fruit quality, added control costs, environmental degradation, and emotional stress among farmers. These consequences can be alleviated if resistance management is practiced throughout the strawberry industry. If they minimize pesticide application by depending more on biological and cultural pest control measures, and take care not to expose pest populations to pesticides with identical modes of action, growers can avoid causing pesticide resistance. This 8-page fact sheet was written by James F. Price and Curtis Nagle and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in713

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T. 2019. Outline-based geometric morphometric analysis to identify two Anopheles and three Culex mosquitoes in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1866-1872. Geometric morphometric (GM) techniques have become popular for applications in entomology studies, especially mosquitoes. Outline-based methods (OTLs) are one such form of GM technique used to analyze pseudo-landmarks on contours or boundary outlines. This study investigated the efficacy of an OTL to distinguish two species of Anopheles mosquitoes including An. epiroticus and An. subpictus s.l. and three species of Culex mosquitoes, including Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. visnui and Cx. whitmorei in Thailand and compared outlines, including internal outline 1 (IOL1), internal outline 2 (IOL2) and external outline (EOL) within the mosquito wing to assess the optimal outline for analysis. The results indicated that OTLs were highly effective with certain species and each outline had the potential difference for identification. For size analysis, An. epiroticus had a mean perimeter length of IOL2 and EOL length larger than An. subpictus. Different sizes between species was found in IOL1, which was statistically significant after Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). Culex size analysis of IOL2 and EOL demonstrated a statistical difference for all species while size difference patterns between outlines found that IOL1 differed from other outlines. While shapes in two Anopheles of all cells were different between species, there was statistical significance based on Mahalanobis distances (p < 0.05). Almost all pairwise Mahalanobis distances between Culex species of IOL1, IOL2 and EOL established statistical differences, except for pairs of Cx. visnui and Cx. whitmorei via IOL2 analysis.

Kegiatan penelitian Dinamika Populasi Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pada Tanaman Buah-Buahan DiKabupaten Dharmasraya ini telah dilakukan mulai pada tanggal 1Agustus 2016 sampai dengan tanggal 10November 2016 di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Kegiatan penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian untuk memperkayapengetahuan mengenai lalat buah yang meliputi kesamaan, kelimpahan, dominansi lalat buah pada tanaman buahbuahandi Dharmasraya, dan dapat membantu dalam upaya pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman buahbuahanyang dibudidayakan. Data penelitian diambil dari mengumpulkan buah busuk yang ada di pasar KabupatenDharmasraya dan trapping di sentra buah-buahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Propinsi Sumatera Barat kemudiandibawa ke Laboratorium Entomologi Prodi Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Kampus III Universitas AndalasDharmasraya untuk diidentifikasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini terlihat keragaman spesies lalat buah di pasar dan disentra buah-buahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya sangat rendah dan di dominansi oleh spesies Bactroceracarambolae dan Bactrocera papayae, dan ditemukan 6 spesies lalat buah yang ada di lokasi pasar dan sentra buahbuahan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya yaitu Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera carambolae Drew &Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillete, Bactrocera caudata Fabricius danBactrocera albistrigata de Maijere (Diptera:Tephritidae).Kata Kunci: populasi, lalat buah, tanaman buahABSTRACTResearch activities Fruit Fly Dynamics Population (Diptera: Tephritidae) On Fruit Plants In DharmasrayaDistrict has been done starting on August 1st ,2016 until November 10th, 2016 at Dharmasraya District. Thisresearch activity are research to enrich the knowledge of fruit flies that include similarity, abundance, dominanceof fruit flies in fruit crops in Dharmasraya, and can help in the effort to control fruit fly pests on fruit tree. Datawere taken from collected rotten fruit on the market Dharmasraya and trapping in the center of fruits inDharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province and then taken to the Laboratory of Entomology Faculty ofAgriculture Campus III University of Andalas Dharmasraya will be identified. From the results of this study looksdiversity of species of fruit flies in the market and at the central fruit in Dharmasraya very low and in dominanceby species Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae, and found six fruit fly species that exist in the marketplace and center for fruits in the District Dharmasraya namely Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactroceracarambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillete, Bactroceracaudata Fabricius and Bactrocera albistrigata de Maijere (Diptera: Tephritidae).Key words: Population, Fruit Flies, Fruit Crops

Background: Lac is a resin secretion of insects [Kerria lacca (Kerr)], which are commercially cultivated through ages. Lac cultivation has its roots in India and a major source of economy to the local populace. Though different lac hosts have been recorded in Rajasthan, but it is not cultivated commercially. Pigeonpea crop could be utilized for encouraging lac cultivation in the region and yield losses can be compensated by additional income received from lac resin. Methods: The experiment on “Studies on Economics and Yield Attributing Parameters of Lac Cultivation on Yield of Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) in Southern Rajasthan” was conducted on Rangeeni strain of lac insect in Baisakhi season at lac insect gene bank cum garden situated at Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively. The life cycle of Rangeeni strain of lac insect were studied on pigeonpea sown in last week of August in plot size measuring 2 × 10 sq m during Baisakhi season of both year. Result: The study revealed that the mean initial settlement density of lac insect on pigeonpea ranged from 67.53 to 84.20 with 4.27 to 5.27 (per sq. cm) mature female cell density during successive years. The mean per cent settlement was found to be the maximum (91.78 and 91.15%) at lower portion of the pigeonpea plant during respective years. The duration of sex differentiation ranged from 48.23 to 49.10 days for both successive years. The benefit cost ratio was also higher (1.95 and 2.09) in lac inoculated experiment then the sole seed crop (control) of pigeon pea (1.84 and 1.35) in season 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. All the parameter revealed that pigeon pea is economically efficient host for the Rangeeni strain of lac in agro-climatic region of southern Rajasthan.