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1

Relethford, John H. Biological Anthropology, Population Genetics, and Race. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.20.

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Recent developments in molecular genetics have given us much information about DNA markers and a detailed look at evolutionary causes of genetic variation in humans. Patterns of genetic variation within populations and genetic differences among populations is best understood in light of our species’ African origin 200,000 years ago and the subsequent dispersion of human populations throughout the world 70,000 to 100,000 years ago. Although an evolutionary focus on genetic variation using methods from the field of population genetics provides us with considerable insight regarding our history,
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2

Gray, Muir, Rammya Matthews, and Keri Thomas. A population-based approach to end of life care and advance care planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0027.

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A population-based approach takes account of the needs of the people within a given population. A key aspect of this is reducing unwarranted variation and addressing both the underuse of high-value interventions and the overuse of low-value interventions. In the context of end-of-life care, high-value interventions are those that enhance quality of life. In contrast, low-value interventions are those that are futile, those that negatively impact on quality of life, and those that are not in line with the person’s wishes. Advance care planning (ACP) is a means by which a person can document the
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3

Moss, Aleeze, and Diane Reibel. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0012.

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Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are nonpharmacological interventions that show promise for the treatment of a number of mental health conditions. This chapter describes several MBIs, specifically Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the research that supports the efficacy of these interventions in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. MBSR and MBCT have been shown to be effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression. DBT has been shown to be effect
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4

Raines, James C., ed. Evidence-Based Practice in School Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886578.001.0001.

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Schools have become the default mental health providers for children and adolescents, but they are often poorly equipped to meet the mental health needs of their students. The introduction tackles how to make students eligible for school-based services using the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Using the new DSM-5 as an organizing principle, this book then addresses the 12 most common mental disorders of childhood and adolescence, ages 3–18. While there are many books that address child and adolescent psychopathology, this book focuses on ho
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5

Colditz, Graham, and Courtney Beers. Active cancer prevention. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550173.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 describes the key potentially modifiable risk factors that are responsible for more than half of the seven million deaths from cancer worldwide. Using evidence-based strategies to impact individual and population behaviour changes, public health efforts driven by sound knowledge, legislative support/backing, and social commitment have the potential to rapidly reduce the cancer incidence and mortality in the twenty-first century. Our aging population and the burden of cancer that comes due to aging demands we act now to achieve this global benefit.
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6

Sugden, Robert. Cooperative Intentions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825142.003.0010.

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Chapter 10 presents an analysis of ‘intentions for mutual benefit’. This builds on theories of team reasoning, but uses opportunity-based rather than preference-based concepts and makes minimal assumptions about people’s rationality. In a population of people who act on intentions for mutual benefit, those actions tend to reproduce practices that provide opportunities for mutual benefit. Intentions for mutual benefit are neither self-interested nor altruistic. Such intentions do not lead to the Paradox of Trust, and can be expressed in ordinary market behaviour. If market participants act on i
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7

Soennichsen, John. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400625879.

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This in-depth examination of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 provides a chronological review of the events, ordinances, and pervasive attitudes that preceded, coincided with, and followed its enactment. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a historic act of legislation that demonstrated how the federal government of the United States once openly condoned racial discrimination. Once the Exclusion Act passed, the door was opened to further limitation of Asians in America during the late 19th century, such as the Scott Act of 1888 and the Geary Act of 1892, and increased hatred towards and vio
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8

Skelly, David K. From Silent Spring to The Frog of War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0013.

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This chapter presents two examples to demonstrate that natural history is the necessary basis of any reliable understanding of the world. More than a half century ago, Rachel Carson revolutionized the public’s view of pesticides. The foundation of her success was the careful use of natural history data, collated from across North America. The examples she assembled left little doubt that DDT and other pesticides were causing a widespread decline in birds. More recently, the case for the impact of atrazine on wildlife was based on laboratory experiments, without the advantage of natural history
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9

Samuel, Lawrence R. Boomers 3.0. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400620706.

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Capitalizing on what is arguably the most important social phenomenon of our time and place―the aging of America―this book shows organizations how to market specifically to baby boomers in their third act of life. The graying of America is undeniable, with an estimated 10,000 boomers turning 65 every day. But to dismiss the baby boomer generation as a group no longer worth marketing to would be foolish. According to the Census Bureau, in 2029―the year when the last boomer will have turned 65―there will still be more than 61 million boomers, roughly 17 percent of the projected population of the
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10

LeMay, Michael C. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. ABC-CLIO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400668692.

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This comprehensive resource explains six eras of immigration law, how and why immigration law has changed, who the major actors and organizations shaping immigration law are, and in what direction immigration law is likely to proceed in the near future. The United States has the most diverse population of any country in the world and is widely thought of as a nation of immigrants. U.S. immigration has been and continues to be a contentious political, cultural, and social issue. Much of current immigration policy is based on the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, a law advocated by for
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11

McDermott, Rose, and Peter K. Hatemi. DNA Is Not Destiny. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.41.

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Genetic influences are often misinterpreted to mean that an individual with a particular genotype is inevitably predisposed to engage in a given behavior or that genetic influences operate outside of human agency and social context. This chapter undertakes a qualitative investigation of a genetically informed (MAOA) sample to illustrate the critical differences between population estimates and individual accountability. The sample includes those whose lives have revolved around violence (e.g., gang members) and those whose lives are committed to peace (e.g., Buddhist monks). It is found that g
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12

DeMaria, Eric J., and Claudia Jin Kim. Evaluating Bariatric Surgical Risk Using Risk-Scoring Systems. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0004.

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Surgical risk assessment is a critical aspect of delivering safe bariatric and metabolic surgery care today. Years ago, there were no useful methodologies to differentiate morbidly obese patients based on surgical risk stratification. Today there are numerous available strategies that can identify patients at higher risk for complications and for otherwise poor results, such as insufficient weight loss and suboptimal resolution of comorbid medical conditions. These strategies can guide the preoperative evaluation, allow the provider to better inform the patient regarding risk, and allow for mo
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13

G. Martin, William, and Joshua M. Price. After Prisons? Published by Lexington Books, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666984859.

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As recently as five years ago mass incarceration was widely considered to be a central, permanent feature of the political and social landscape. The number of people in U.S. prisons is still without historic parallel anywhere in the world or in U.S. history. But in the last few years, the population has decreased, in some states by almost a third. A broad consensus is emerging to reduce prison rolls. Politicians have called for repealing the harshest sentencing laws of the war on drugs, abolishing mandatory minimums and closing correctional facilities. Does the decrease in the prison populatio
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14

Knoper, Randall. Literary Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845504.001.0001.

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Writing about neurophysiology more than a century ago, what were US authors doing? Literary Neurophysiology: Memory, Race, Sex, and Representation in U.S. Writing, 1860–1914 examines their use of literature to experiment with the new materialist psychology, which bore upon their efforts to represent reality and was forging new understandings of race and sexuality. Sometimes they emulated scientific epistemology, allowing their art and conceptions of creativity to be reshaped by it. Sometimes they imaginatively investigated neurophysiological theories, challenging and rewriting scientific expla
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15

Amir Anwar, Mohammad, and Mark Graham. The Digital Continent. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840800.001.0001.

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Only ten years ago, there were more internet users in countries like France or Germany than in all of Africa put together. But much has changed in a decade. The year 2018 marks the first year in human history in which a majority of the world’s population are now connected to the internet. This mass connectivity means that we have an internet that no longer connects only the world’s wealthy. Workers from Lagos to Johannesburg to Nairobi and everywhere in between can now apply for and carry out jobs coming from clients who themselves can be located anywhere in the world. Digital outsourcing firm
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16

Ryff, Carol D., and Robert F. Krueger, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.001.0001.

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This handbook signals a paradigm shift in health research. Population-based disciplines have employed large national samples to examine how sociodemographic factors contour rates of morbidity and mortality. Behavioral and psychosocial disciplines have studied the factors that influence these domains using small, nonrepresentative samples in experimental or longitudinal contexts. Biomedical disciplines, drawing on diverse fields, have examined mechanistic processes implicated in disease outcomes. The collection of chapters in this handbook embraces all such prior approaches and, via targeted qu
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17

Myer, Phillip, and Liesel Schneider, eds. Tiny Microbes, Big Yields: The Future of Food and Agriculture. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88974-951-5.

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Our world is made up of countless tiny living beings. There are so many of them, that they make up the largest number of living beings on the planet. These microscopic organisms, called microorganisms or microbes, cannot be seen with the naked eye. We encounter them daily and we interact with them through the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the natural processes within our own organ systems. Microbes have evolved with life on Earth to be important for its survival. They act as food for plants and animals, help humans and animals digest food, break down dead material, and even serve as gua
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18

Hopke, Jill E., and Luis E. Hestres. Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.566.

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Divestment is a socially responsible investing tactic to remove assets from a sector or industry based on moral objections to its business practices. It has historical roots in the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. The early-21st-century fossil fuel divestment movement began with climate activist and 350.org co-founder Bill McKibben’s Rolling Stone article, “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.” McKibben’s argument centers on three numbers. The first is 2°C, the international target for limiting global warming that was agreed upon at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate C
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19

Johansen, Bruce, and Adebowale Akande, eds. Nationalism: Past as Prologue. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52305/aief3847.

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Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living t
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