Relevant bibliographies by topics / Population density – Public opinion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Population density – Public opinion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Population density – Public opinion"

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KUSMARTSEV, FEO V., and KARL E. KÜRTEN. "CHAOTIC MODES IN SCALE FREE OPINION NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 20n21 (August 20, 2009): 4001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209063225.

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In this paper, we investigate processes associated with formation of public opinion in varies directed random, scale free and small-world social networks. The important factor of the opinion formation is the existence of contrarians which were discovered by Granovetter in various social psychology experiments1,2,3 long ago and later introduced in sociophysics by Galam.4 When the density of contrarians increases the system behavior drastically changes at some critical value. At high density of contrarians the system can never arrive to a consensus state and periodically oscillates with different periods depending on specific structure of the network. At small density of the contrarians the behavior is manifold. It depends primary on the initial state of the system. If initially the majority of the population agrees with each other a state of stable majority may be easily reached. However when originally the population is divided in nearly equal parts consensus can never be reached. We model the emergence of collective decision making by considering N interacting agents, whose opinions are described by two state Ising spin variable associated with YES and NO. We show that the dynamical behaviors are very sensitive not only to the density of the contrarians but also to the network topology. We find that a phase of social chaos may arise in various dynamical processes of opinion formation in many realistic models. We compare the prediction of the theory with data describing the dynamics of the average opinion of the USA population collected on a day-by-day basis by varies media sources during the last six month before the final Obama-McCain election. The qualitative ouctome is in reasonable agreement with the prediction of our theory. In fact, the analyses of these data made within the paradigm of our theory indicates that even in this campaign there were chaotic elements where the public opinion migrated in an unpredictable chaotic way. The existence of such a phase of social chaos reflects a main feature of the human being associated with some doubts and uncertainty and especially associated with contrarians which undoubtly exist in any society.
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Linzer, Drew A. "Reliable Inference in Highly Stratified Contingency Tables: Using Latent Class Models as Density Estimators." Political Analysis 19, no. 2 (2011): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr006.

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Contingency tables are among the most basic and useful techniques available for analyzing categorical data, but they produce highly imprecise estimates in small samples or for population subgroups that arise following repeated stratification. I demonstrate that preprocessing an observed set of categorical variables using a latent class model can greatly improve the quality of table-based inferences. As a density estimator, the latent class model closely approximates the underlying joint distribution of the variables of interest, which enables reliable estimation of conditional probabilities and marginal effects, even among subgroups containing fewer than 40 observations. Though here focused on applications to public opinion, the procedure has a wide range of potential uses. I illustrate the benefits of the latent class model—based approach for greatly improved accuracy in estimating and forecasting vote preferences within small demographic subgroups using survey data from the 2004 and 2008 U.S. presidential election campaigns.
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Sanchez-Lezama, Ana Paola, Judith Cavazos-Arroyo, and Cidronio Albavera-Hernandez. "Applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method for determining socio-ecological factors that influence adherence to mammography screening in rural areas of Mexico." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 2 (February 2014): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00025113.

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In Mexico, regular participation in mammography screening is low, despite higher survival rates. The objective of our research is to highlight healthcare procedures to be optimized and target areas to encourage investment and to raise awareness about the benefits of early diagnosis. Those socio-ecological factors (community, interpersonal and individual) were collected through a review of literature and based on the spatial interaction model of mammography use developed by Mobley et al. The opinion of diverse groups of experts on the importance of those factors was collected by survey. The Fuzzy Delphi Method helped to solve the inherent uncertainty of the survey process. Our findings suggest that population health behaviors, proximity-density to facilities/ physicians and predisposing factors are needed to increase the screening rate. Variations in expert group size could affect the accuracy of the conclusions. However, the application of the enhanced aggregation method provided a group consensus that is less susceptible to misinterpretation and that weighs the opinion of each expert according to their clinical experience in mammography research.
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Ceyhun, Hüseyin Emre. "Determinants of Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Evidence from Arab Barometer." Refugee Survey Quarterly 39, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz016.

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Abstract What factors determine public opinion towards immigrants? This inquiry is especially crucial in the context of developing countries since they hold 80 per cent of global refugee populations. Lebanon, with the burden on its shoulders due to hosting about one million Syrians, offers a unique case to study the mechanisms driving the formation of attitudes towards immigrants. In this article, I examine how Syrian density is associated with Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants. Using Arab Barometer Wave IV data (2016), I test three arguments linking public attitudes to natives’ economic, security, and sectarian concerns. My analysis suggests that there is no relationship between employment status and negative attitudes towards immigrants. Instead, I argue that perceived economic situation and sense of security provide better mechanisms for the formation of natives’ attitudes towards immigrants. Moreover, I present the observational evidence that Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants are driven by one’s sectarian affiliation. Notably, Christians are more likely to adopt positive attitudes towards immigrants as Syrian density increases, compared with Shi’as more likely to cite prejudice.
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Whitaker, Andrei N., and Karen F. Beazley. "Feasibility of wolf reintroduction to Nova Scotia: public opinions on wolves and their management in light of the ecological potential for wolf recovery." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 48, no. 2 (May 7, 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v48i2.6657.

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This study investigated the ecological and social potential for wolf (Canis spp.) recovery in Nova Scotia, Canada. Reintroduction potential was considered through a GIS-based analysis of land cover, human population density, land ownership, prey density, and road density. Two disconnected areas of adequate habitat for wolves were identified. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven identified groups on public attitudes towards the wolf and its potential recovery in the province. Opinions ranged from ‘love’ to a strong dislike of wolves, and many interviewees associated wolves with fear and expressed concern that they would come into contact with wolves on or near their properties. It would likely not be advisable to introduce an active wolf reintroduction program in NS at this time, due to the absence of effective habitat connectivity between the two identified areas of suitable habitat, and the public unease about wolf proximity. However, a proactive public education initiative is recommended in case of future reintroductions or natural immigrations of wolves and other top carnivores from nearby populations.
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Xiong, Ziyu, Pin Li, Hanjia Lyu, and Jiebo Luo. "Social Media Opinions on Working From Home in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e29195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29195.

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Background Since March 2020, companies nationwide have started work from home (WFH) owing to the rapid increase of confirmed COVID-19 cases in an attempt to help prevent the disease from spreading and to rescue the economy from the pandemic. Many organizations have conducted surveys to understand people’s opinions toward WFH. However, the findings are limited owing to a small sample size and the dynamic topics over time. Objective This study aims to understand public opinions regarding WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a large-scale social media study using Twitter data to portray different groups of individuals who have positive or negative opinions on WFH. We performed an ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the sentiment about WFH and user characteristics including gender, age, ethnicity, median household income, and population density. To better understand the public opinion, we used latent Dirichlet allocation to extract topics and investigate how tweet contents are related to people’s attitude. Results On performing ordinary least squares regression analysis using a large-scale data set of publicly available Twitter posts (n=28,579) regarding WFH during April 10-22, 2020, we found that the sentiment on WFH varies across user characteristics. In particular, women tend to be more positive about WFH (P<.001). People in their 40s are more positive toward WFH than those in other age groups (P<.001). People from high-income areas are more likely to have positive opinions about WFH (P<.001). These nuanced differences are supported by a more fine-grained topic analysis. At a higher level, we found that the most negative sentiment about WFH roughly corresponds to the discussion on government policy. However, people express a more positive sentiment when discussing topics on “remote work or study” and “encouragement.” Furthermore, topic distributions vary across different user groups. Women pay more attention to family activities than men (P<.05). Older people talk more about work and express a more positive sentiment regarding WFH. Conclusions This paper presents a large-scale social media–based study to understand the public opinion on WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that this study can contribute to policymaking both at the national and institution or company levels to improve the overall population’s experience with WFH.
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Artigues, Guillem, Sara Mateo, Maria Ramos, and Elena Cabeza. "Validation of the Urban Walkability Perception Questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186631.

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Within the context of promoting the “healthy routes” program, the aim of this study was to validate the urban walkability perception questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands to determine the characteristics of the urban environment that promote walking among the population. The UWPQ measures pedestrian facilities, infrastructures of the environment, perception of safety and a participant’s general opinion. This process was performed in 12 routes predefined by a community participation program and set around the primary health centers. Degree of correlation between the items was calculated. The final internal consistency was 0.8 in all blocks according to the Cronbach’s alpha test (p < 0.01). Goodman and Kruskal–gamma correlation coefficient (γ) between the item measuring the general opinion and the rest of the items was significant. The items from the perception of safety and pedestrian facilities blocks were the ones that most affected the final assessment. Those regarding the pedestrian-only pavements, clearly marked pavements, noise, traffic density and parks condition obtained the lowest coefficients. To conclude, the results showed that the UWPQ is a suitable instrument to assess the degree of adequacy of the urban environment for walking. It could contribute to create healthy environments as well as to improve public policies.
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Kotulla, Theresa, Jon Martin Denstadli, Are Oust, and Elisabeth Beusker. "What Does It Take to Make the Compact City Liveable for Wider Groups? Identifying Key Neighbourhood and Dwelling Features." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123480.

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Compact cities promote sustainability through several mechanisms, and high-density city development has become a key strategy for policy decision makers to accommodate population growth and mitigate human impacts of the local and global environment. The aim of this study is to identify elements of the built environment and inner-city dwellings considered important for improving compact-city liveability for various groups throughout their life cycles. To attend to the depth and complexity of this issue, this study is based on a qualitative approach, where data are gathered through in-depth interviews with housing market specialists. The expert panel emphasises proximity to green spaces and easy access to local services/facilities and public transportation as key elements of the built environment to improve compact-city liveability. At the same time, some of the respondents strongly argue with facilitating neighbourhoods for private cars. With regard to dwelling characteristics, the experts emphasised the importance of adequate storage space and the availability of a balcony as vital to high-density liveability. Balconies can alleviate some of the negative effects by working as a personal ‘mini garden’. Moreover, a general opinion among experts is that compact living developments should facilitate shared facilities to level out the space disadvantages of small-space dwellings.
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Feged-Rivadeneira, Alejandro, and Sian Evans. "Ethnography of a parasite: A quantitative ethnographic observation of forest malaria in the Amazon basin." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 8 (May 21, 2018): 820–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818756561.

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Aims: Malaria in the Amazon basin is persistently more prevalent among low density populations (1–4 people/[Formula: see text]). Describing malaria transmission in small populations, such as ethnic minorities in the Amazon basin, living in reserves in groups that amount to 110–450 individuals, is fundamental for the implementation of adequate interventions. Here, we examine malaria transmission in a context of high prevalence in a small population of Nükak ethnicity (ethnic group [Formula: see text] individuals, study group, [Formula: see text] individuals) living in the peri-urban area of a city with [Formula: see text] inhabitants in the Amazon basin. Methods: Using methods from behavioral ecology, we conducted a quantitative ethnography and collected data to inform of individual behavioral profiles. Individual malarial infection reports were available from the local public health offices, so each behavioral profile was associated with an epidemic profile for the past 5 years. Results: Our research shows that, in-line with current opinion, malaria among the Nükak is not associated with an occupational hazard risk and follows a holoendemic pattern, where children are most susceptible to the parasite. Parasite loads of malarial infection among the Nükak persist at much higher rates than in any other neighboring ethnicity, which indicates an association between high incidence rates and endemicity. Conclusions: We hypothesize that malarial infection in the forest follows a pattern where the parasite persists in pockets of holoendemicity, and occupational hazard risk for individuals outside those pockets is associated with behaviors that take place in the proximity of the pockets of endemicity.
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Zheltobryukh, Aleksandr Vasil'evich, and Vitalii Nikolaevich Vinokurov. "Factors affecting the establishment of the size and limits of an administrative area supervised by a local police officer." Полицейская деятельность, no. 2 (February 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2021.2.35040.

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The research subject is social relations in the field of public order protection, ensuring social security and combating crime in an administrative area and the implementation of preventive measures by a local police officer. The authors focus on the factors and peculiarities of the supervised area and its population affecting the establishment and revisioning of the size and limits of an administrative area supervised by a local police officer, and on the amendments to the decree of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of March 29, 2019 No205 &ldquo;On a local police officer service in an administrative area and organization of this service&rdquo;. Based on the conducted analysis, the authors suggest, when defining the size and limits of an administrative area, taking into account the population density in the area in question, economic, geographic, national and demographic peculiarities on the territory, the criminological characteristics of the citizens, the number of citizens having a police record, the current operative situation, and the peculiarities of administrative organization of municipal entities. In the authors&rsquo; opinion, the resolution of this problem will have a positive effect on the work of police officers, and will help to equally and rationally distribute workload on local police officers thus raising the effectiveness of their service and improving the quality of preventive measures.&nbsp; &nbsp;
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population density – Public opinion"

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Samaranayaka, Ari, and n/a. "Environmental stochasticity and density dependence in animal population models." University of Otago. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060907.114616.

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Biological management of populations plays an indispensable role in all areas of population biology. In deciding between possible management options, one of the most important pieces of information required by population managers is the likely population status under possible management actions. Population dynamic models are the basic tool used in deriving this information. These models elucidate the complex processes underlying the population dynamics, and address the possible consequences/merits of management actions. These models are needed to guide the population towards desired/chosen management goals, and therefore allow managers to make informed decisions between alternative management actions. The reliability that can be placed on inferences drawn from a model about the fate of a population is undoubtedly dependent on how realistically the model represents the dynamic process of the population. The realistic representation of population characteristics in models has proved to be somewhat of a thorn in the side of population biologists. This thesis focuses in particular on ways to represent environmental stochasticity and density dependence in population models. Various approaches that are used in building environmental stochasticity into population models are reviewed. The most common approach represents the environmental variation by changes to demographic parameters that are assumed to follow a simple statistical distribution. For this purpose, a distribution is often selected on the basis of expert opinion, previous practice, and convenience. This thesis assesses the effect of this subjective choice of distribution on the model predictions, and develops some objective criteria for that selection based on ecological and statistical acceptability. The more commonly used distributions are compared as to their suitability, and some recommendations are made. Density dependence is usually represented in population models by specifying one or more of the vital rates as a function of population density. For a number of reasons, a population-specific function cannot usually be selected based on data. The thesis develops some ecologically-motivated criteria for identifying possible function(s) that could be used for a given population by matching functional properties to population characteristics when they are known. It also identifies a series of properties that should be present in a general function which could be suitable for modelling a population when relevant population characteristics are unknown. The suitability of functions that are commonly chosen for such purposes is assessed on this basis. I also evaluate the effect of the choice of a function on the resulting population trajectories. The case where the density dependence of one demographic rate is influenced by the density dependence of another is considered in some detail, as in some situations it can be modelled with little information in a relatively function-insensitive way. The findings of this research will help in embedding characteristics of animal populations into population dynamics models more realistically. Even though the findings are presented in the context of slow-growing long-lived animal populations, they are more generally applicable in all areas of biological management.
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Anderson, Kathie Ann Ryckman. "From the population bomb to the birth dearth : the stages of acceptance of public opinion about changes in population." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077403.

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Jones, Jesse Jack. "Effects of Non-homogeneous Population Distribution on Smoothed Maps Produced Using Kernel Density Estimation Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699888/.

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Understanding spatial perspectives on the spread and incidence of a disease is invaluable for public health planning and intervention. Choropleth maps are commonly used to provide an abstraction of disease risk across geographic space. These maps are derived from aggregated population counts that are known to be affected by the small numbers problem. Kernel density estimation methods account for this problem by producing risk estimates that are based on aggregations of approximately equal population sizes. However, the process of aggregation often combines data from areas with non-uniform spatial and population characteristics. This thesis presents a new method to aggregate space in ways that are sensitive to their underlying risk factors. Such maps will enable better public health practice and intervention by enhancing our ability to understand the spatial processes that result in disparate health outcomes.
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Dougall, Elizabeth Kathleen. "The ecology of public opinion environments and the evolution of organisation-activist relationship: a comparative case study of Australia's major banks, 1981-2001." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15989/.

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The premise that the continued existence of organisations in a democracy depends on both the tacit and the explicit approval and opinions of their many publics is fundamental to public relations theory. Furthermore, the challenge of coping with the potential constraints and opportunities of public opinion as an aspect of the organisational environment is essential to contemporary public relations practice. While the term "public opinion environment" appears intermittently in scholarly and trade publications, the dimensions and characteristics of this aspect of organisational environments remain largely unspecified. This thesis explores two challenges--the first is to conceptualise and measure variation in an important aspect of contemporary organisational environments, the public opinion environment, and the second is to investigate the influence of that environment on the critical and often highly exposed relationships between organisations and activist publics. In suggesting a relationship between variation in the environment and the evolutionary pathways of organisational relationships, the perspective underpinning this thesis is both ecological and evolutionary. Ecological analyses of organisations assume that members of a population are affected similarly by environmental change and share a common dependence on the material and social environment. Consistent with this perspective, this thesis explores the public opinion environment and the organisation-activist relationships therein longitudinally at the population level of analysis. The focal organisational population is Australia's major banks, and the period of interest extends from 1981 to 2001. An evolutionary model of organisation-activist relationships (EOAR) is developed, and the propositions derived from this model are explored using a comparative case study approach. These propositions anticipate and specify associations between variations in dimensions of the public opinion environment of an organisational population and the evolution of organisation-activist relationships in the population. Central to understanding the public opinion environment of an organisational population are the issues around which activist publics organise, public opinion develops, and organisation-activist relationships emerge. Then, the public opinion environment is conceptualised as a set of issues that concern Australia's major banks and their publics. Variations in this "issue set," are described using four dimensions: stability (turnover of issues), complexity (the number of issues in the issue set), intensity (volume of media coverage), and direction (favourability of media coverage for the focal population). To explore the propositions of the EOAR model, I have analysed the variations in these four dimensions in relation to the evolution of organisation-activist relationships. To observe and describe this evolution, I have located the state of these relationships on a conflict continuum using relationship-signalling statements made by organisations and activists and published by the media. Three cases studies from the same organisational population, Australia's major banks, are compared over three different but consecutive seven-year periods from 1981 to 2001. The case studies involved the extensive review of industry reports, submissions and other documents from several government inquiries, and scholarly articles, as well as the content analysis of more than 6, 500 newspaper articles published during each of the three case study periods. The findings of this comparative case study suggest that variations in some dimensions of the public opinion environment of an organisational population are associated with the evolutionary ecology of organisation-activist relationships in that population. However, the associations are more complex than was anticipated by the original propositions of the EOAR model; thus refinements to the model are advanced for further investigation. A primary contribution of this study is that it provides the theoretical apparatus and tools to systematically explore, interpret, and measure variation in the issues comprising the public opinion environment and to track the evolving organisation-activist relationships organised around those issues. Because the population level of analysis and a longitudinal lens are applied, this conceptualisation of the public opinion environment effectively captures and specifies the overlapping and persistent nature of issues. The evidence of this study suggests that when issues have emerged in the public opinion environment at the population level of analysis, they are likely to persist as a hub around which publics organise, providing a focus for discussions and debates for years to come. This persistence, "issue-set inertia," has important implications for organisational relationships. Given these conditions, organisations can monitor and manage their responses to issues. However, it is naïvely optimistic at best to accept the contention of issues management consultants and other pundits that organisations can manage the issues themselves. Furthermore, the findings of this study call into question the value of advice that encourages organisations to deal with issues by seeking to avoid engaging with their activist publics and by downplaying the issues in the media.
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Menon, Nikhil. "Consumer Perception and Anticipated Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technology: Results from Multi-Population Surveys." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5992.

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Emerging automotive and transportation technologies, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) have created revolutionary possibilities in the way we might travel in the future. Major car manufacturers and technology giants have demonstrated significant progress in advancing and testing AV technologies in real-life traffic conditions. Results from multi-population surveys indicate that despite enjoying moderate familiarity with AVs, more than 40% of the respondents were likely to use them when they become available. Simply looking at the demographic differences without paying any regard to the perceptions might suggest that the demographic differences are the primary causal factors behind the differences observed in the intended adoption of AVs. This study investigates the role of demographics and other factors (current travel characteristics, crash history and familiarity with AVs) on consumers’ perceptions and intended adoption of AVs with a view of disentangling one factor from the other. Results show that the observed demographic differences in intended adoption rates are due to demographic differences in the perceptions on the benefits and concerns of AVs. The study outcomes suggest that it may be beneficial to first address consumers’ perceptions on the benefits and concerns regarding AVs. The results from this study can be used to inform modeling decisions and policy discussions relevant to future market penetration of AV technology.
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Tracey, John Paul. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050708.103427/.

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Weller, David P. "Colorectal cancer in the Australian population : prospects for prevention through screening /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw4478.pdf.

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McCartney, Sherry Gates. "The lived experience of quality of life in an elderly population : a Heideggerian hermeneutical study." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/879846.

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The purpose of this Heideggerian hermeneutical study was to explore and uncover the hidden meaning of quality of life as experienced by a population of individuals 65 years of age and beyond. Five participants were interviewed and asked to describe quality of life as these individuals experienced it. Consistent with the method, purposive sampling was used in order to gain an understanding from subjects who have experienced the phenomenon and could articulate experiences. A group of retirees who meet monthly at a church were asked to participate. Interviews were audiotaped and the data was transcribed by this researcher. Audio tapes were destroyed when the study was completed. Transcribed data was shared with other researchers who are familiar with Heideggerian hermeneutics for the purpose of gaining insight into interpretation. When data was shared, names of participants and other identifying information was removed. Sharing of data for the purpose of interpretation is inherent in the Heideggerian method as described by Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner (1989). Participants were guaranteed confidentiality and were free to withdraw from the study without prejudice at any time. Data was analyzed in seven stages as described by Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner (1989). Findings included a constitutive pattern of quality of life and integrity as one experience. These two ways of being allowed the elderly to experience a sense of unity and completeness as well as a sense of fulfilling one's own destiny. The main theme supporting the constitutive patter was a strong belief and connectedness to a higher power. This faith allowed the elderly to connect to family, friends, church groups and memories. Anticipation of loss and change was a daily experience of being elderly, yet it allowed them to appreciate each day as it was lived without fear or loss of hope. Health promotion was significant because the elderly knew maintaining health was a way to maintain connectedness to that which was valued. The study was significant in contributing an understanding to the experience of quality of life in the elderly population.
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Matondo, Kanga. "Contribution à l'analyse psycho-sociale de l'influence des activités du guérisseur traditionnel dans le milieu rural zaïrois: cas spécifique de la société Lega du Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213413.

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Obenauer, Julie, Megan Quinn, Andrew Joyner, and Ying Li. "Future Risk from the Ae. aegypti Vector: Modeling the Effects of Climate Change and Human Population Density on Habitat Suitability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/24.

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Introduction: The Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for the transmission of Yellow Fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zikavirus, making it a deadly vector and global public health threat. Zikavirus and Chikungunya, which were previously restricted to smaller geographic areas, have both appeared in the Western Hemisphere in the past three years and spread to areas where A. aegypti are present. This means that the pathogens have now entered areas in which the population has no previous immunity, which can lead to extensive outbreaks and epidemics. As the effects of global climate change become apparent, the areas of the globe that are suitable for inhabitance by A. aegypti may change. Additionally, this vector prefers human hosts for blood meals and requires standing water to breed, which is often created by water storage containers. This means that increasing urbanization and human population density are likely to put populations at higher risk of exposure to this vector. Methods: To create maps of the future risk of exposure to Aedes aegypti globally, species occurrence data for the vector and the Maxent modeling approach were used. Current and projected climate data were downloaded from WorldClim.org for the four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) used to model future climate change. Human population density, projected to 2050, the same timeframe as the future climate data, were used to model changes in human populations. To identify areas at high risk for future presence of A. aegypti populations, current and future models were compared across areas with at least a 50% probability of increased risk. These results where then used to create maps displaying high risk areas. Results: The AUC, an indicator of model fit, signaled that the models had high predictive power. However, high omission rates indicated that the trade-off of risk mapping may be a need to decrease probability thresholds below 50% to capture the full at-risk population. Future high-risk areas were most often those surrounding current cities, which supports the idea that the combination of urbanization and increasing human population density will work synergistically to increase the disease burden within and around urban centers. Additionally, expansion at the current geographic margins of this species shows that incursion into currently non-endemic areas is possible. Conclusions: Urban and peri-urban populations are likely to be at higher risk of exposure compared to rural areas due to global climate change and changes in population density. Attempts to model expansion of vector habitats should consider how these human population characteristics will change the risk to populations and how to best identify the areas at highest risk. Thresholds for the probability of a population being at risk of exposure to a vector may need to be different from those required to determine whether or not a habitat is suitable for a species. Appropriately determining which areas are high-risk results in maps and models can then be used to identify areas where climate change mitigation and vector control efforts are likely to have the highest impacts.
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Books on the topic "Population density – Public opinion"

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Japan. Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kanbō. Kōhōshitsu. Shuto kinō iten ni kansuru seron chōsa: Heisei 4-nen 7-gatsu chōsa. [Tokyo]: Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kanbō Kōhōshitsu, 1992.

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Japan. Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kanbō. Kōhōshitsu. Shuto kinō iten ni kansuru seron chōsa: Shōwa 63-nen 12-gatsu chōsa. [Tokyo]: Sōrifu Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kanbō Kōhōshitsu, 1989.

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Parliament, Canada Library of. Population, food and debt: the challenges to north and south. Ottawa: Library of Parliament, 1989.

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(Japan), Jinkō Mondai Kenkyūjo. Heisei 2-nendo jinkō mondai ni kansuru ishiki chōsa hōkoku: The public opinion survey on population issues in Japan. Tōkyō: Kōseishō Jinkō Mondai Kenkyūjo, 1991.

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Rance, Susanna. Opiniones sobre población: Resultados de la encuesta con líderes representativos. La Paz, Bolivia: Unidad de Política Social y de Población, Ministerio de Planeamiento y Coordinación, 1991.

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Johnson, Sheila K. The Japanese through American eyes. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1988.

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Mnenie naselenii︠a︡ o provodimykh sot︠s︡ialʹno-ėkonomicheskikh preobrazovanii︠a︡kh: Metodika ot︠s︡enki i ee primenenie pri ot︠s︡enke mer demograficheskoĭ i semeĭnoĭ politiki v Respublike Tatarstan, sot︠s︡ialʹnogo samochuvstvii︠a︡ naselenii︠a︡ raĭonov respubliki. Kazanʹ: Kazanskiĭ gos. universitet, 2008.

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Judit, Pataki. Közvéleménykutatás népesedési kérdésekről. Budapest: Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, Népességtudományi Kutató Intézet, 1985.

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McGonigle, Joseph. Maine's changing face: A demographic study of Maine's future population. [Augusta, Me.]: Commission on Maine's Future, 1989.

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Hoffmann, Christhard, Øivind Kopperud, and Vibeke Moe. Antisemitism in Norway?: The attitudes of the Norwegian population towards Jews and other minorities. Oslo: Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Population density – Public opinion"

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Mancha, E. B., and M. Zey. "Population Density, Density of Alcohol Retail Outlets, and Point of Consumption’s Relation to Violent and Non-violent Crime: A Spatial Analysis." In Applied Demography and Public Health, 231–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6140-7_14.

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Zeng, Gang, and Yi Liu. "Population Density Analysis in Underground Public Space Based on Digital Video and Pattern Recognition." In Recent Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering, 299–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25781-0_45.

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Hess, Daniel Baldwin, and Alex Bitterman. "Who Are the People in Your Gayborhood? Understanding Population Change and Cultural Shifts in LGBTQ+ Neighborhoods." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods, 3–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_1.

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AbstractGay neighborhoods, like all neighborhoods, are in a state of continual change. The relevance of gay neighborhoods—originally formed to promote segregation of individuals who identify as sexual minorities—is lately challenged by advances in technology, experiences with pandemics, shifts in generational opinion and social values, increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals, and (in certain places) increased rights and protections for LGBTQ+ individuals. This confluence of change has created for many people anxiety related to the belief that gay neighborhoods may be dissolving or even disappearing altogether. Seeking to address these concerns, this opening chapter of the book The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods: Renaissance and Resurgence presents eight important takeaway messages distilled from the chapters in this volume that, taken together, provide an in-depth overview of the formation, maturation, current challenges, and future prospects of LGBTQ+ spaces in urban environments. Findings suggest that shifts in patterns of residence, socialization, and entertainment for LGBTQ+ residents and visitors across metropolitan space have resulted in certain gay neighborhoods becoming less gay while other neighborhoods become more gay. In this time of social change, economic inequities, public health crises, and technological evolution, gay neighborhoods provide a culturally and historically significant template for communities in confronting adversity, fear, and discrimination. At this point in their maturity, gay neighborhoods have reached a plateau in their evolution; from here we pause to consider the current state of gay neighborhoods—and trajectories that might describe their future form—as we contemplate the importance of gay neighborhoods in the ongoing advancement of LGBTQ+ people everywhere. We conclude by observing that while gayborhoods have experienced a certain level of de-gaying, the trend toward viewing gayborhoods as inclusive and gay-friendly places de-emphasizes the self-segregation aspects of gayborhoods that were important to their initial formation; consequently, while gay neighborhoods may become less gay, other neighborhoods may also become more gay.
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Erdoğan, Armağan, and M. Murat Erdoğan. "Syrian University Students in Turkish Higher Education: Immediate Vulnerabilities, Future Challenges for the European Higher Education Area." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 229–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_16.

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Abstract Since 2011, millions of Syrian people have had to leave their country and seek shelter in neighbouring countries and in Europe. Forced migration or displacement creates multiple vulnerabilities while trying to settle in a new environment. Socioeconomic, cultural and psychological vulnerabilities hinder them from participating actively in society. Higher education is one of the main ways that refugees and displaced people cling to hope for a better life. Their access to and participation in higher education has been a challenging route for many reasons both for themselves and also for the higher education systems and universities in their host countries. Turkey has a unique place in regard to Syrian refugees. It hosts the largest refugee population in the world with 3.6 million Syrians and 500,000 asylum seekers from other countries, such as Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Turkey has a young population with the 5–17 age group comprising 21% of the population, but the Syrian population is much younger as its rate is 30%. Turkey is also the country with the largest student population in the European Higher Education Area. The incomparable magnitude of the situation, among others, plays a crucial role in developing new integration policies. In spite of the ongoing difficulties and challenges, the past nine years proved a success story in protection, social cohesion and integration of these newcomers. Turkey has been suffering from some challenges, such as a supply and demand imbalance in higher education. Demographic factors, shortcomings of the higher education system and the unemployment rate among university graduates have been some long-term challenges for Turkish higher education. Moreover, a common misconception in public opinion, that Syrian refugees are admitted to Turkish universities without fulfilling the requirements, adds new challenges for future policies. Both the sheer number of migrants and also the emergency of the situation during this migration flow necessitated some action to be taken in the area of higher education. In a country like Turkey, where there is high competition between students to pass the nationwide university selection exam each year, encouraging Syrian students to access higher education seems to be an area for discussion. This paper is based on the fieldwork of research conducted in the context of the Hopes-MADAD project entitled “Elite Dialogue II- Dialogue with Syrian Refugees in Turkey through Syrian Academics and Students” in 2019. The main research subject is which types of vulnerabilities Syrian university students face, and how they can integrate into society in Turkey. New approaches and definitions are needed to touch the actual needs of the refugees to be actively involved into society. Nevertheless, research on the higher education practices of vulnerable groups in general, and of Syrian students in particular, is largely missing.
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"Density of Population as Influencing Health and Life." In Fifty Years in Public Health (Routledge Revivals), 323–29. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315695488-50.

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Chu, C. Y. Cyrus. "Occupation-Specific Population Models: Population and Dynastic Cycles." In Population Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121582.003.0014.

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As Lee (1987) pointed out, vital rates of the human population are often determined by forces such as culture, institutions, technology, and individual rationality, forces that have little to do with density pressure or prior growth. Perhaps most people also expect “rational” human practice to weaken the biological responses of both fertility and mortality to density pressure, while strengthening the nonbiological response through institutional regulations. But can human institutional designs and rational responses really reduce the impact of natural checks? As we study the pattern of population dynamics in ancient China, we can provide some viewpoints different from the general opinion. The long-term relationship between human institutional designs and natural checks is discussed in chapter 14. The books by Ho (1959) and Chao and Hsieh (1988; hereinafter C&H) contain the most thorough research on the history of Chinese population. The data summarized in C&H have presented us with a time-population diagram, shown in figure 9.1. From this figure, as well as other related literature, the following “stylized facts” of population dynamics in Chinese history can be summarized: 1. Population declines often coincided with dynasty changes (C&H; Ho, 1959). 2. Population declines were often drastic in a rather short period of time. 3. Natural checks such as famine and epidemics did not independently reduce the population surplus (Ho, 1959); rather, population declines were often the direct and indirect results of internecine wars. 4. There are obvious peaks and troughs in the population data, but no regular cyclical patterns (C&H). The fact that no serious population decline appears to have been independently due to famines and epidemics seems to suggest a weak pattern of density-dependency for ancient Chinese populations, a pattern consistent with the observation of Lee mentioned in the beginning of this chapter. However, as noted by many historians (see, e.g., Ho, 1959, and C&H 1988), the frequent clashes between soldiers and rebellious peasants in Chinese history were often initiated by famine or density pressure. As such, the originally weak natural checks on population were often magnified by war, and such magnified “institutional checks” caused very drastic population changes.
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Adamczyk, Amy. "Shaping Attitudes in Taiwan." In Cross-National Public Opinion about Homosexuality. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288751.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 contextualizes the quantitative findings presented in the previous chapter by presenting a case study of Taiwan, which is a prosperous and relatively democratic society. This chapter draws on field research that includes twenty-six interviews that were conducted with journalists, nonprofit organizations, and religious and political figures. The chapter shows that same-sex behaviors are a problem in Taiwan in part because of concerns related to the importance of kinship ties and bloodlines. Additionally, many Taiwanese do not personally know someone who is gay or lesbian; many seem relatively tolerant until they consider the possibility of a gay or lesbian family member. The chapter ends by revealing the surprisingly powerful role that Christianity and the Unification Church, which include less than 10 percent of the Taiwanese population, have had in organizing the movement against homosexuality.
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"Public Opinion on Fertility and Population Problems: Results of a 1990 Survey." In Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991, 271–88. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203041697-22.

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Flowers, Julian. "Assessing health status." In Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice, 28–37. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199586301.003.0003.

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This chapter is intended to identify key principles involved in assessing the health of a defined population, rather than individual health status. It should help identify some techniques and approaches that can be applied in practice. Good health assessments require skills in epidemiology and information management and analysis; synthesis of information and opinion from a range of sources; leadership, political and partnership working, and persistence.
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Tolstoy, Leo. "10." In Anna Karenina. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198748847.003.0116.

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Pestsov liked to bring arguments to their conclusion, and was not satisfied with Sergey Ivanovich’s remarks, particularly as he felt his opinion was flawed. ‘I never had in mind density of population on its own,’ he said, addressing Alexey Alexandrovich over the soup, ‘but in...
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Conference papers on the topic "Population density – Public opinion"

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Wolny, Ada, Marek Ogryzek, and Ryszard Zróbek. "Challenges, Opportunities and Barriers to Sustainable Transport Development in Functional Urban Areas." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.126.

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The process of identifying urban areas in OECD countries uses population density to identify urban cores, and travel-to-work flows to identify the hinterlands as the “worker catchment area” of the urban labour market, outside the densely inhabited core. As the travel-to-work analysis seems to be an important issue for creating coherent functional urban areas, the main determinants of daily commuting in a sub-regional scale should be investigated. There is a common opinion, that residents of the suburbs are bound to use individual forms of transportation, and public transport does not meet their needs. That is why the aim of this research is to identify the main challenges, opportunities and barriers to sustainable transport development in functional urban areas, in order to avoid the adverse effects of urbanisation. For the purpose of the article, a comparative analysis for selected Polish functional urban areas was conducted, and both shortterm and long-term prospects of transport development are depicted. The article includes statistical, spatial and descriptive analyses based on Central Statistical Office data, Regional Operational Programmes for 2014–2020, made for the Polish provinces, as well as selected development strategies, due to inter-municipal cooperation within delimited functional urban areas. As a result, on the basis of the compared and transformed information, the sustainable development scenarios for a selected functional urban area are built.
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LAGTAYI, RACHID, Lamya LAIRGI, Abdelmajid DAYA, and Ahmed KHOUYA. "The impact of the average temperature, humidity, wind speed, altitude and population density on daily COVID-19 infections’ evolution." In The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Research and Public Health —Public Health Issues in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecerph-3-09094.

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Nurdin, Nurdin, Cici Aprilliani, and Fallah Annisa. "Pearson Correlation Analysis of Population Density and Rainfall toward Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) West Sumatera." In Proceedings of the Third Andalas International Public Health Conference, AIPHC 2019, 10-11th October 2019, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2019.2297234.

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Hailey, V., A. Britton, and S. Pinto Pereira. "P12 Alcohol consumption during mid-life and postmenopausal breast density." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.108.

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Bennett, NC, S. Salway, and A. Piekut. "OP36 What pathways have been theorised and tested between ethnic density and mental ill-health?: A theory-based systematic review." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.36.

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Syahriani, Melly Nirma. "Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.64.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, a chronic malnutrition, remains a serious global health concern. In 2019, UNICEF announced that 21.3% of children under five years of age were stunted. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with stunting to complement the evidence for stunting ongoing efforts. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Science Direct, Wiley, EBSCO, and PubMed databases. The studies were synthesized by PEOS (Population, Exposure, Objective, and Study design), then appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. The keywords were (((determinant) OR (causal factor) OR (risk factor)) AND (stunting)) AND ((toddler) OR (child)) OR (fives)) OR (Baby under five years old)). The inclusion criteria were English-language and primary studied full-text articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2009 and 2019. The exclusion criteria were opinion papers and review articles. Results: The prevalence of stunted children under five was 21.9% globally. A total of selected eleven articles examined the causes of stunting in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Nine articles stated that gender and socio-economic factors associated with stunting. Six articles discussed the relationship between maternal age and stunting. Four articles revealed that maternal education level was one of the determinants of stunting. Two articles stated that nutritional status is strongly related to stunting. One article connected overweight as a contributing factor to stunting. Conclusion: Stunting in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) is associated with age, gender, socio-economy, maternal education level, nutritional status, and overweight children. Keywords: stunting, children under five years, risk factor Correspondence: Melly Nirma Syahriani. Master Program of Midwifery, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: mellynirmas4@gmail.com. Mobile: +62895392131591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.64
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Ajetunmobi, O., N. Berger, D. Marks, and M. Egan. "P82 Is there a link between migrant density and food purchases in local areas? A cross sectional analyses of food purchases in England and Wales." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.174.

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Gressier, M., F. Sassi, and G. Frost. "P29 The effect of changes in consumer choice and in food composition on the sodium density of food consumed by the UK population between 2008/09 and 2016/17." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.124.

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Gabaldón-Estevan, Daniel. "Environmental innovation through transport policy. The implementation of the free fare policy on public transport in Tallinn, Estonia." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3532.

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Urban areas are of increasing relevance when it comes to sustainability. • First, about half of the world’s population now lives in cities (increasing to 60% by 2030). • Second, cities are nowadays responsible for levels of resource consumption and waste generation that are higher beyond their share on world population. • Third, cities are more vulnerable to disruptive events that can lead to restrictions on the provision of resources and to changes on the environment caused by climate change. • And fourth, because they concentrate key resources (political, social, cultural…), cities are seen as strategic scenarios where to experiment and develop solutions to cope with the prevailing sustainability challenges driven by the major social and environmental transformations. Urban agglomerations can be seen as complex innovation systems where human activities are shaped in order to transform societies towards sustainable development. For this paper, we focus on the case of an environmental innovation regarding transport policy, the implementation of the fare-free policy on public transport for all inhabitants of Tallinn, Estonia. Tallinn, with 414,000 inhabitants in 2015, is the capital of Estonia and the largest city in the country. Over the last two decades the share of public transport trips decreased dramatically. After a public opinion poll in 2012, in which over 75% of the participants voted for a fare-free public transportation system (FFPTS) in Tallinn, the new policy was implemented on 1st January 2013. From that date on inhabitants of Tallinn could use all public transport services (busses, trams, trolly-busses) operated by city-run operators for free. Later the fare-free system was implemented also on trains within Tallinn. In this paper we analyze the context, in which this policy was implemented, the main characteristics of its implementation and its actual situation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3532
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Bučar Ručman, Aleš. "Družbene vezi, solidarnost, različnost in družbena vključenost: primerjava ruralnih in urbanih skupnosti v Sloveniji." In Varnost v ruralnih in urbanih okoljih: konferenčni zbornik. Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-404-0.10.

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The urban population represents the smallest share of the people in Slovenia, as most of them live in rural areas. Despite the migration of people from rural to urban areas, which increased in the period after the Second World War, Slovenia did not develop large urban centres as Western countries. Slovenia followed the idea of polycentric development with moderate urban population growth in smaller urban centres. The primary purpose of this text is to present the essential characteristics of rural, urban and suburban communities in Slovenia and understanding of solidarity and communal life of diverse social groups? The author uses a literature review and a secondary analysis of already collected data in two surveys (Safety in Local Communities, 2017; Slovenian Public Opinion 2016/1) to present the characteristics. With the help of these research data, the author explains the structure of the population in urban, suburban and rural areas (education, employment, religion, ethnicity), and further analyses interpersonal relationships, connections, mutual assistance, acceptance of diversity and perceptions of security/threat.
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Reports on the topic "Population density – Public opinion"

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado, and Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.

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Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.
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