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Samaranayaka, Ari, and n/a. "Environmental stochasticity and density dependence in animal population models." University of Otago. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060907.114616.
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Biological management of populations plays an indispensable role in all areas of population biology. In deciding between possible management options, one of the most important pieces of information required by population managers is the likely population status under possible management actions. Population dynamic models are the basic tool used in deriving this information. These models elucidate the complex processes underlying the population dynamics, and address the possible consequences/merits of management actions. These models are needed to guide the population towards desired/chosen management goals, and therefore allow managers to make informed decisions between alternative management actions.
The reliability that can be placed on inferences drawn from a model about the fate of a population is undoubtedly dependent on how realistically the model represents the dynamic process of the population. The realistic representation of population characteristics in models has proved to be somewhat of a thorn in the side of population biologists. This thesis focuses in particular on ways to represent environmental stochasticity and density dependence in population models.
Various approaches that are used in building environmental stochasticity into population models are reviewed. The most common approach represents the environmental variation by changes to demographic parameters that are assumed to follow a simple statistical distribution. For this purpose, a distribution is often selected on the basis of expert opinion, previous practice, and convenience. This thesis assesses the effect of this subjective choice of distribution on the model predictions, and develops some objective criteria for that selection based on ecological and statistical acceptability. The more commonly used distributions are compared as to their suitability, and some recommendations are made.
Density dependence is usually represented in population models by specifying one or more of the vital rates as a function of population density. For a number of reasons, a population-specific function cannot usually be selected based on data. The thesis develops some ecologically-motivated criteria for identifying possible function(s) that could be used for a given population by matching functional properties to population characteristics when they are known. It also identifies a series of properties that should be present in a general function which could be suitable for modelling a population when relevant population characteristics are unknown. The suitability of functions that are commonly chosen for such purposes is assessed on this basis.
I also evaluate the effect of the choice of a function on the resulting population trajectories. The case where the density dependence of one demographic rate is influenced by the density dependence of another is considered in some detail, as in some situations it can be modelled with little information in a relatively function-insensitive way.
The findings of this research will help in embedding characteristics of animal populations into population dynamics models more realistically. Even though the findings are presented in the context of slow-growing long-lived animal populations, they are more generally applicable in all areas of biological management.
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Anderson, Kathie Ann Ryckman. "From the population bomb to the birth dearth : the stages of acceptance of public opinion about changes in population." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077403.
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Jones, Jesse Jack. "Effects of Non-homogeneous Population Distribution on Smoothed Maps Produced Using Kernel Density Estimation Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699888/.
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Understanding spatial perspectives on the spread and incidence of a disease is invaluable for public health planning and intervention. Choropleth maps are commonly used to provide an abstraction of disease risk across geographic space. These maps are derived from aggregated population counts that are known to be affected by the small numbers problem. Kernel density estimation methods account for this problem by producing risk estimates that are based on aggregations of approximately equal population sizes. However, the process of aggregation often combines data from areas with non-uniform spatial and population characteristics. This thesis presents a new method to aggregate space in ways that are sensitive to their underlying risk factors. Such maps will enable better public health practice and intervention by enhancing our ability to understand the spatial processes that result in disparate health outcomes.
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Dougall, Elizabeth Kathleen. "The ecology of public opinion environments and the evolution of organisation-activist relationship: a comparative case study of Australia's major banks, 1981-2001." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15989/.
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The premise that the continued existence of organisations in a democracy depends on both the tacit and the explicit approval and opinions of their many publics is fundamental to public relations theory. Furthermore, the challenge of coping with the potential constraints and opportunities of public opinion as an aspect of the organisational environment is essential to contemporary public relations practice. While the term "public opinion environment" appears intermittently in scholarly and trade publications, the dimensions and characteristics of this aspect of organisational environments remain largely unspecified. This thesis explores two challenges--the first is to conceptualise and measure variation in an important aspect of contemporary organisational environments, the public opinion environment, and the second is to investigate the influence of that environment on the critical and often highly exposed relationships between organisations and activist publics. In suggesting a relationship between variation in the environment and the evolutionary pathways of organisational relationships, the perspective underpinning this thesis is both ecological and evolutionary. Ecological analyses of organisations assume that members of a population are affected similarly by environmental change and share a common dependence on the material and social environment. Consistent with this perspective, this thesis explores the public opinion environment and the organisation-activist relationships therein longitudinally at the population level of analysis. The focal organisational population is Australia's major banks, and the period of interest extends from 1981 to 2001. An evolutionary model of organisation-activist relationships (EOAR) is developed, and the propositions derived from this model are explored using a comparative case study approach. These propositions anticipate and specify associations between variations in dimensions of the public opinion environment of an organisational population and the evolution of organisation-activist relationships in the population. Central to understanding the public opinion environment of an organisational population are the issues around which activist publics organise, public opinion develops, and organisation-activist relationships emerge. Then, the public opinion environment is conceptualised as a set of issues that concern Australia's major banks and their publics. Variations in this "issue set," are described using four dimensions: stability (turnover of issues), complexity (the number of issues in the issue set), intensity (volume of media coverage), and direction (favourability of media coverage for the focal population). To explore the propositions of the EOAR model, I have analysed the variations in these four dimensions in relation to the evolution of organisation-activist relationships. To observe and describe this evolution, I have located the state of these relationships on a conflict continuum using relationship-signalling statements made by organisations and activists and published by the media. Three cases studies from the same organisational population, Australia's major banks, are compared over three different but consecutive seven-year periods from 1981 to 2001. The case studies involved the extensive review of industry reports, submissions and other documents from several government inquiries, and scholarly articles, as well as the content analysis of more than 6, 500 newspaper articles published during each of the three case study periods. The findings of this comparative case study suggest that variations in some dimensions of the public opinion environment of an organisational population are associated with the evolutionary ecology of organisation-activist relationships in that population. However, the associations are more complex than was anticipated by the original propositions of the EOAR model; thus refinements to the model are advanced for further investigation. A primary contribution of this study is that it provides the theoretical apparatus and tools to systematically explore, interpret, and measure variation in the issues comprising the public opinion environment and to track the evolving organisation-activist relationships organised around those issues. Because the population level of analysis and a longitudinal lens are applied, this conceptualisation of the public opinion environment effectively captures and specifies the overlapping and persistent nature of issues. The evidence of this study suggests that when issues have emerged in the public opinion environment at the population level of analysis, they are likely to persist as a hub around which publics organise, providing a focus for discussions and debates for years to come. This persistence, "issue-set inertia," has important implications for organisational relationships. Given these conditions, organisations can monitor and manage their responses to issues. However, it is naïvely optimistic at best to accept the contention of issues management consultants and other pundits that organisations can manage the issues themselves. Furthermore, the findings of this study call into question the value of advice that encourages organisations to deal with issues by seeking to avoid engaging with their activist publics and by downplaying the issues in the media.
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Menon, Nikhil. "Consumer Perception and Anticipated Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technology: Results from Multi-Population Surveys." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5992.
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Emerging automotive and transportation technologies, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) have created revolutionary possibilities in the way we might travel in the future. Major car manufacturers and technology giants have demonstrated significant progress in advancing and testing AV technologies in real-life traffic conditions.
Results from multi-population surveys indicate that despite enjoying moderate familiarity with AVs, more than 40% of the respondents were likely to use them when they become available. Simply looking at the demographic differences without paying any regard to the perceptions might suggest that the demographic differences are the primary causal factors behind the differences observed in the intended adoption of AVs. This study investigates the role of demographics and other factors (current travel characteristics, crash history and familiarity with AVs) on consumers’ perceptions and intended adoption of AVs with a view of disentangling one factor from the other. Results show that the observed demographic differences in intended adoption rates are due to demographic differences in the perceptions on the benefits and concerns of AVs.
The study outcomes suggest that it may be beneficial to first address consumers’ perceptions on the benefits and concerns regarding AVs. The results from this study can be used to inform modeling decisions and policy discussions relevant to future market penetration of AV technology.
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Tracey, John Paul. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050708.103427/.
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Weller, David P. "Colorectal cancer in the Australian population : prospects for prevention through screening /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw4478.pdf.
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McCartney, Sherry Gates. "The lived experience of quality of life in an elderly population : a Heideggerian hermeneutical study." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/879846.
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The purpose of this Heideggerian hermeneutical study was to explore and uncover the hidden meaning of quality of life as experienced by a population of individuals 65 years of age and beyond. Five participants were interviewed and asked to describe quality of life as these individuals experienced it. Consistent with the method, purposive sampling was used in order to gain an understanding from subjects who have experienced the phenomenon and could articulate experiences. A group of retirees who meet monthly at a church were asked to participate. Interviews were audiotaped and the data was transcribed by this researcher. Audio tapes were destroyed when the study was completed. Transcribed data was shared with other researchers who are familiar with Heideggerian hermeneutics for the purpose of gaining insight into interpretation. When data was shared, names of participants and other identifying information was removed. Sharing of data for the purpose of interpretation is inherent in the Heideggerian method as described by Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner (1989). Participants were guaranteed confidentiality and were free to withdraw from the study without prejudice at any time. Data was analyzed in seven stages as described by Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner (1989). Findings included a constitutive pattern of quality of life and integrity as one experience. These two ways of being allowed the elderly to experience a sense of unity and completeness as well as a sense of fulfilling one's own destiny. The main theme supporting the constitutive patter was a strong belief and connectedness to a higher power. This faith allowed the elderly to connect to family, friends, church groups and memories. Anticipation of loss and change was a daily experience of being elderly, yet it allowed them to appreciate each day as it was lived without fear or loss of hope. Health promotion was significant because the elderly knew maintaining health was a way to maintain connectedness to that which was valued. The study was significant in contributing an understanding to the experience of quality of life in the elderly population.School of Nursing
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Matondo, Kanga. "Contribution à l'analyse psycho-sociale de l'influence des activités du guérisseur traditionnel dans le milieu rural zaïrois: cas spécifique de la société Lega du Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213413.
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Obenauer, Julie, Megan Quinn, Andrew Joyner, and Ying Li. "Future Risk from the Ae. aegypti Vector: Modeling the Effects of Climate Change and Human Population Density on Habitat Suitability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/24.
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Introduction: The Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for the transmission of Yellow Fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zikavirus, making it a deadly vector and global public health threat. Zikavirus and Chikungunya, which were previously restricted to smaller geographic areas, have both appeared in the Western Hemisphere in the past three years and spread to areas where A. aegypti are present. This means that the pathogens have now entered areas in which the population has no previous immunity, which can lead to extensive outbreaks and epidemics. As the effects of global climate change become apparent, the areas of the globe that are suitable for inhabitance by A. aegypti may change. Additionally, this vector prefers human hosts for blood meals and requires standing water to breed, which is often created by water storage containers. This means that increasing urbanization and human population density are likely to put populations at higher risk of exposure to this vector. Methods: To create maps of the future risk of exposure to Aedes aegypti globally, species occurrence data for the vector and the Maxent modeling approach were used. Current and projected climate data were downloaded from WorldClim.org for the four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) used to model future climate change. Human population density, projected to 2050, the same timeframe as the future climate data, were used to model changes in human populations. To identify areas at high risk for future presence of A. aegypti populations, current and future models were compared across areas with at least a 50% probability of increased risk. These results where then used to create maps displaying high risk areas. Results: The AUC, an indicator of model fit, signaled that the models had high predictive power. However, high omission rates indicated that the trade-off of risk mapping may be a need to decrease probability thresholds below 50% to capture the full at-risk population. Future high-risk areas were most often those surrounding current cities, which supports the idea that the combination of urbanization and increasing human population density will work synergistically to increase the disease burden within and around urban centers. Additionally, expansion at the current geographic margins of this species shows that incursion into currently non-endemic areas is possible. Conclusions: Urban and peri-urban populations are likely to be at higher risk of exposure compared to rural areas due to global climate change and changes in population density. Attempts to model expansion of vector habitats should consider how these human population characteristics will change the risk to populations and how to best identify the areas at highest risk. Thresholds for the probability of a population being at risk of exposure to a vector may need to be different from those required to determine whether or not a habitat is suitable for a species. Appropriately determining which areas are high-risk results in maps and models can then be used to identify areas where climate change mitigation and vector control efforts are likely to have the highest impacts.
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Kuhnová, Hana. "Vliv hustoty obyvatel na náklady poskytování veřejných služeb: nakládání s komunálními odpady." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192934.
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Collection of waste is one of the most important public services provided by municipalities. This expenditure has a significant impact on the budget of the municipality and therefore it is important to know the factors that affect it. In addition to other factors, there can exist a phenomenon called suburbanization. This phenomenon of recent years, the city has been extended in width, which is followed by a reduction in population density. Carruthers and Úlfarsson (2008) in his work write that for many public services, the cost per unit, ie per person or household, higher output at low population density, because here you can not take advantage of economies of scale that are achievable, if users are concentrated in one place. This work seeks to examine whether this hypothesis is true for czech villages. On data from hundred municipalities in the Czech Republic for the year 2011 were able to demonstrate that if population density rises by 1 %, expenditure on collection of municipal waste will decrease by 10,41 CZK per capita.
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Beckman, Lisa. "Grönytans betydelse i Sundbybergs stad : ur ett planerarperspektiv och ett invånarperspektiv." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172132.
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The densification of cities in Sweden often result in loss of green space and puts the beneficial values of urban green space under risk. Especially affected are the inhabitants residing in the city core. Through a qualitative case study of Sundbyberg city, this study aims to explore which features of green spaces that becomes important for residents in a city undergoing fast densification. As well as how the needs are answered from a planning perspective. In order to illustrate both perspectives, the study consists of interviews with planners and residents. The results of the study show that the few green spaces in the city core in large have been compensated with small spaces working as multifunctional places. One example of a multifunctional place is a pocket park. This, planners and residents show both a positive and negative view on. The benefits are simply about that it is needed. The disadvantages raised are mainly about the feelings of those places as private and closed space for some people, although these places origins as open space. The study shows that many similarities prevail between the planners and residents views on the different importance’s of the city’s green spaces. It also shows that there is a discrepancy between the residents experienced needs of green spaces and the planner’s vision of the citys future development. While the residents seem to want more quiet places and places for spontaneous activities, especially to meet the needs of elderly and young. The planner’s visions of the citys development seem to go more towards creating small, to some extent green, safe places which connects different parts of the city.
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Pugh, Randolph G. "Refocusing intelligence support to counterinsurgency operations." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA491196.
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Allaf, Mamoon. "Assessing the Impact of Economies of Scale and Uncontrollable Factors on the Performance of U.S. Cities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5100.
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Despite the increased interest among local governments in collecting data on performance measurement, empirical evidence is still limited regarding the extent to which these data are utilized to assess the impact on efficiency of economies of scale and uncontrollable factors. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming method designed to estimate the relative efficiency of decision-making units. In addition to assessing relative efficiency, DEA can estimate scale efficiency and incorporate the impact of uncontrollable factors. Using data from the International City/County Association (ICMA), this study utilized DEA to evaluate the impact of economies of scale and uncontrollable factors on the relative efficiency of municipal service delivery in the United States. The findings from this doctoral dissertation show that uncontrollable variables such as population density, unemployment, and household income suppress the relative efficiency of local governments. Moreover, the findings imply that the prevalence of economies of scale in city governments depends on the types of services these governments provide.ID: 031001269; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed Feburary 15, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 111]-118).
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Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs
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Durant, Valerie A. "Sustainable urban agriculture and forestation : the edible connected city." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26246.
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Current global agricultural practices are recognized as unsustainable. The increase in overall human population as well as the global trend of rural to urban migration, partially as a result of historically and continual unsustainable agricultural practices, exacerbates the vicious cycle of poverty and hunger in developing countries. Furthermore, cities and regions in developed countries practice unsustainable food production, distribution and consumption patterns, and as a result, exceed their global ecological footprint (Rees 2009). Consequently, the world is facing a global food (FAO 2009) and water crisis (UN Sick Water 2010). Cities and Regions must learn to feed themselves to address local food insecurity as well as protect from the climate effects of increased urbanization, including the Urban Heat Island effect (UHIe) by optimizing and fully integrating the local ecosystem services of food, water and forest within a tightly woven compact urban form through the implementation of strategic urban and regional food system planning. Cities can mitigate climate change and reduce the UHIe, by implementing sustainable intensive urban agriculture approaches through policy and zoning interventions that include concepts such as intensively productive urban agriculture that includes green roofs, vertical farming and greenways as continuously productive and edible urban landscapes, referred to in this paper as continuously productive urban agriculture and forestation (CPUAF) in the private and public realm. A highly participative, adaptive systems approach is explored as the key to sustainability within an economic world order that included corporate social responsibility and social enterprise as the foundation for the integration of multiple synergies. An increasing body of evidence often links urban forestation with urban greenery initiatives, as a carbon sink to reduce UHI effects, to reduce GHG emissions and as a tool for urban beautification and place making (ISDR: 2009,109). Urban agriculture, through the production of local food is increasingly recognized as a means to reduce fossil fuel emissions by reducing transportation and production outputs, to provide a secure local food source, enhance biodiversity and educate the public regarding food source while fostering a sense of community, environmental awareness and stewardship. This thesis explores the links between intensive urban agriculture and forestation, and the relationship between climate change, and the UHI’s as an adaptation and mitigation process in global cities, implemented as a interconnected, integrated, holistic urban management approach that has a further benefit of providing food security and a sustainable and local urban food source.Dissertation (MTRP)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Town and Regional Planning
unrestricted
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Phares, Matthew H. "Combating insurgency can lessons from the Huk Rebellion apply to Iraq? /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490910.
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Gregorová, Stanislava. "Dům krátké cesty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354978.
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The specified area is located in the city district Brno - Židenice, near the railway station. The theme of the thesis is the architectural study of selected part of the multifunctional intense urban structure, which was solved in the pre-diploma project. Draft uses the building site intensively, provides high plot ratio and density of population, a wide range of functions in a relatively small area is related to the elimination of transportation. By using topography the proposal creates a permeable areas, buildings with relations to the surroundings and with quality public spaces and attractive housing. Pick-up railway cancels barrier and makes a space with landscaping. Readability is achieved by linking the territory from east to west by straight streets and from north to south by passages. The development creates three centers, the commercial center of the north, center of culture in the heart of the area and the center of relaxation and sport in the south. Basic grid of development has a checkerboard plan, which reflects the grid of surrounding structure. The new development varies in its scale, from large scale buildings in the parterre decays into smaller scale. Function division is horrizontal. There are underground parking, a parterre with shops and services, a floor with offices and work study open to the courtyard and housing on the upper floors. Thus formed structure provides enough light in the courtyards and flats. The segmentation is supported by materials, bricks in the parterre contrast with the monotone plaster on the upper floors.
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Mansour, Yasser Mohamed. "The relationship between residential density and human activity." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27490.
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Bertram, Cathy Cramer. "Uncertain knowledge of a certain virus human Papilloma virus and abnormal pap smears : an Internet survey of knowledge and beliefs among a university population in Hawaiʻi /." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=813789431&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233958069&clientId=23440.
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Wild, Diane. "An assessment of attitudes toward people with AIDS, knowledge of AIDS, and associated variables in rural Oregon." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36603.
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"The relation of population density and socioeconomic status to cancer incidence in Louisiana's African-American and white populations." Tulane University, 1998.
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Data from the Louisiana Tumor Registry for the years 1988-1992 were used to describe the relationship between the rates of five selected cancer sites (leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer and cervical cancer) and urbanization status while controlling for the effects of age, race, sex and socioeconomic status. Population density measurements for each of Louisiana's 64 parishes were used to define urbanization status. The census derived percent of the population below poverty level (SES) was used to define socioeconomic status. The SES variable is race-specific. For each race-sex combination, multiple regression analysis was performed in order to describe the relationship between each selected cancer site and the log of the population density while controlling for the effect of SES. The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increased with increasing population density in white males. Breast cancer incidence increased with increasing population density in white and black females. Prostate cancer incidence increased with increasing population density in white males. The rates of leukemia and cervical cancer were not associated with population density. However, the rate of cervical cancer increased with increasing percent poverty in white females even after adjusting for population density. SES was associated with breast cancer in white females, but not after adjusting for population density. It is hypothesized that SES was not statistically significant in black females for breast or cervical cancer because the prevalence of poverty was above the threshold for which the rates of these cancers may be constantacase@tulane.edu
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Cho, Hyun Jeong. "Predicting the Appraised Unit Value of Unimproved Parcels in San Francisco, CA Using LEED Sustainable Site Credit Criteria, Parcel area, Zoning, and Population Density." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9996.
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Nowadays many people recognize the need for sustainable development more than ever because of improper urban sprawl, rapid exhaustion of natural resources, and serious environmental problems.
Emission of carbon dioxide from transportation sources causes severe air contamination, and this will increase due to the continued use of private vehicles. Thus, local governments are trying to keep public transit on a satisfactory level due to rising commuting time for cities. The U.S. Census shows that the majority of people would prefer to use their private automobile rather than utilize existing mass transit systems. Therefore, it is up to local governments to consider setting up more efficient alternative mass transit systems to deal with the increasing pollution caused by automobiles.
Organizations adopt certain environmental standards for many different reasons, such as commitment to environmental issues affecting their industry. Other organizations could also benefit, both economically and environmentally, by utilizing such standards. The LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system is one of the more commonly-used environmental standards which presents guidelines for making decisions regarding land development while preserving the environment. However, only a few studies have attempted to evaluate this voluntary rating system which makes it difficult to justify the motivation of organizations that have adopted such voluntary standards. In this respect, this research primarily aims to explore the economic influence on the market value of undeveloped land through an analysis of public transportation in San Francisco, CA. Population density and area of each parcel are the factors considered to make the predictive model more powerful.
Findings in this study show that LEED PTA (Public Transportation Accessibility) criteria, and population density significantly affect the appraised land unit value in specific purposed zones. Particularly, the economic impact of public transportation accessibility tended to be positive. With these findings, the statistical model for predicting land value was created. The result of this research can assist developers to make better site selections to accelerate the growth of sustainable construction.
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Ogunmefun, Catherine Ajibola. "Intimate partner violence as an obstacle to safer sex practice in South Africa." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4227.
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Intimate partner violence is one of the major forms of violence against women, and it contributes to the inability of women to practice safer sex. This study uses a triangulation method to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and condom use. Secondary data was used for both the quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that women who report intimate partner violence are less likely to use condom. Other results from the quantitative analysis revealed that women with high socio-economic status are more likely to use condom. However, the qualitative analysis revealed that women experience intimate partner violence irrespective of their socio-economic status. Nevertheless, the two analyses revealed that a woman is less likely to use condom if her partner dislikes it. Moreover, negotiating for condom use could lead to further violence. As a result of this, there is need to target both men and women when addressing the issues of intimate partner violence and safer sex practice.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Zbořilová, Veronika. "Výzkum veřejného mínění návštěvníků Olympijského parku Soči - Letná 2014." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337582.
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6 Abstract Title: Public opinion research of visitors of the Olympic Park Sochi - Letna 2014 Goal: To evaluate the importance of the Olympic Park Sochi - Letna 2014 based on public opinion of visitors. To propose conceptual improvements for the following Olympic parks during the Summer and the Winter Olympic Games. Methods: Quantitative questionnaire was used as the main method to determine public opinion. Qualitative in-depth interview with representatives of sports institutions and analysis of documents from internal resources served as a secondary analysis. Results: The Olympic Park Sochi - Letna 2014 was visited mainly by sport active people from Prague and Central Bohemia. Most of them were satisfied with the concept of the park and they would visit this kind of park in the next years, for which they would recommend bigger capacity and fitting refreshments. People came to the park to play sports and to try lesser known sports. They think that the concept of Olympic park would help to motivate public to practise sports. Key words: Public opinion, sport and population, Olympic Park Sochi - Letna 2014, Winter Olympic Games
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Bezault, Vincent. "Les biens communs sans tragédie : effets de la pression sociale et des convictions." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10238.
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Pourquoi faire un effort pour la communauté sans rien recevoir en retour? C’est habituellement par conviction ou pour répondre à une norme sociale. En s’intéressant au problème du recyclage, nous définissons un modèle de comportement qui intègre ces deux facteurs. Nous déterminons sous quelles conditions un individu décide d’agir bénévolement, puis nous étudions comment ce comportement se propage dans la population. Cela nous permet de déduire comment un gouvernement doit pondérer ses efforts entre la publicité et la consigne pour tendre vers un taux de recyclage parfait au coût minimal. Nous prouvons aussi que dans certaines circonstances, il est préférable de ne pas encourager la participation au bien public. En effet, à mesure que plus de gens y participent, des tensions sociales émergent entre ceux qui font un effort et ceux qui n’en font pas. Celles-ci peuvent être assez fortes pour contrebalancer les bénéfices attendus du bien publicThe commons need not be a tragedy: impact of peer-pressure and opinions Why do people help the community without getting anything in return? Usually, they either hold the firm belief they should do so or they want to follow a social norm. The behavioural model of this paper takes those two factors into account and applies them to recycling issues. It shows under which condition people act selflessly and how this behaviour spreads across the population. This paper then determines how governments must balance advertising and packaging refunding in order to increase recycling rate at minimal cost. It also proves that under certain circumstances it is preferable not to start transition toward cooperation. Indeed, as people progressively start cooperating, the population becomes divided between followers and opponents to this new attitude. As long as this heterogeneity remains, peer-pressure causes a cost that may outweigh the expected benefits of cooperation.
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Gullion, Christopher Scott. "Cultural tourism investment and resident quality of life : a case study of Indianapolis, Indiana." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3738.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This thesis will explore issues concerning cultural tourism investment and resident quality of life in the Midwestern city of Indianapolis, Indiana. It is important to understand from a cultural tourism perspective how further attempts to grow and invest in tourism will affect resident perception of quality of life and future cultural tourism investment. To achieve this goal, data from the 2012 Indianapolis Quality of Life survey was statistically analyzed to specifically examine how residents' perceived quality of life affects cultural tourism investment. This allows for the study of what city-service attributes (i.e. safety, attractions, transportation, et cetera) identify as potential indicators of whether residents' perception of quality of life affects cultural tourism investment and if there were any correlations between demographic factors of age, gender, ethnicity, and household income with the perception that investing in cultural events and attractions for tourists is good for residents. Results indicated that several key city-service attributes identify as potential indicators of whether residents' perception of quality of life in Indianapolis affects residents' perceptions that investing in cultural tourism for tourists is good for residents. In addition, several key city-service attributes identified as potential indicators of residents' perception of quality of life in Indianapolis excluding perceptions of cultural tourism investment. Finally, results indicated that demographic factors of gender, age, ethnicity, and income were not significant when it came to affecting the perception that investing in cultural events and attractions for tourists is good for residents.