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KUSMARTSEV, FEO V., and KARL E. KÜRTEN. "CHAOTIC MODES IN SCALE FREE OPINION NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 20n21 (August 20, 2009): 4001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209063225.
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In this paper, we investigate processes associated with formation of public opinion in varies directed random, scale free and small-world social networks. The important factor of the opinion formation is the existence of contrarians which were discovered by Granovetter in various social psychology experiments1,2,3 long ago and later introduced in sociophysics by Galam.4 When the density of contrarians increases the system behavior drastically changes at some critical value. At high density of contrarians the system can never arrive to a consensus state and periodically oscillates with different periods depending on specific structure of the network. At small density of the contrarians the behavior is manifold. It depends primary on the initial state of the system. If initially the majority of the population agrees with each other a state of stable majority may be easily reached. However when originally the population is divided in nearly equal parts consensus can never be reached. We model the emergence of collective decision making by considering N interacting agents, whose opinions are described by two state Ising spin variable associated with YES and NO. We show that the dynamical behaviors are very sensitive not only to the density of the contrarians but also to the network topology. We find that a phase of social chaos may arise in various dynamical processes of opinion formation in many realistic models. We compare the prediction of the theory with data describing the dynamics of the average opinion of the USA population collected on a day-by-day basis by varies media sources during the last six month before the final Obama-McCain election. The qualitative ouctome is in reasonable agreement with the prediction of our theory. In fact, the analyses of these data made within the paradigm of our theory indicates that even in this campaign there were chaotic elements where the public opinion migrated in an unpredictable chaotic way. The existence of such a phase of social chaos reflects a main feature of the human being associated with some doubts and uncertainty and especially associated with contrarians which undoubtly exist in any society.
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Linzer, Drew A. "Reliable Inference in Highly Stratified Contingency Tables: Using Latent Class Models as Density Estimators." Political Analysis 19, no. 2 (2011): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr006.
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Contingency tables are among the most basic and useful techniques available for analyzing categorical data, but they produce highly imprecise estimates in small samples or for population subgroups that arise following repeated stratification. I demonstrate that preprocessing an observed set of categorical variables using a latent class model can greatly improve the quality of table-based inferences. As a density estimator, the latent class model closely approximates the underlying joint distribution of the variables of interest, which enables reliable estimation of conditional probabilities and marginal effects, even among subgroups containing fewer than 40 observations. Though here focused on applications to public opinion, the procedure has a wide range of potential uses. I illustrate the benefits of the latent class model—based approach for greatly improved accuracy in estimating and forecasting vote preferences within small demographic subgroups using survey data from the 2004 and 2008 U.S. presidential election campaigns.
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Sanchez-Lezama, Ana Paola, Judith Cavazos-Arroyo, and Cidronio Albavera-Hernandez. "Applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method for determining socio-ecological factors that influence adherence to mammography screening in rural areas of Mexico." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 2 (February 2014): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00025113.
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In Mexico, regular participation in mammography screening is low, despite higher survival rates. The objective of our research is to highlight healthcare procedures to be optimized and target areas to encourage investment and to raise awareness about the benefits of early diagnosis. Those socio-ecological factors (community, interpersonal and individual) were collected through a review of literature and based on the spatial interaction model of mammography use developed by Mobley et al. The opinion of diverse groups of experts on the importance of those factors was collected by survey. The Fuzzy Delphi Method helped to solve the inherent uncertainty of the survey process. Our findings suggest that population health behaviors, proximity-density to facilities/ physicians and predisposing factors are needed to increase the screening rate. Variations in expert group size could affect the accuracy of the conclusions. However, the application of the enhanced aggregation method provided a group consensus that is less susceptible to misinterpretation and that weighs the opinion of each expert according to their clinical experience in mammography research.
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Ceyhun, Hüseyin Emre. "Determinants of Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Evidence from Arab Barometer." Refugee Survey Quarterly 39, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz016.
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Abstract What factors determine public opinion towards immigrants? This inquiry is especially crucial in the context of developing countries since they hold 80 per cent of global refugee populations. Lebanon, with the burden on its shoulders due to hosting about one million Syrians, offers a unique case to study the mechanisms driving the formation of attitudes towards immigrants. In this article, I examine how Syrian density is associated with Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants. Using Arab Barometer Wave IV data (2016), I test three arguments linking public attitudes to natives’ economic, security, and sectarian concerns. My analysis suggests that there is no relationship between employment status and negative attitudes towards immigrants. Instead, I argue that perceived economic situation and sense of security provide better mechanisms for the formation of natives’ attitudes towards immigrants. Moreover, I present the observational evidence that Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants are driven by one’s sectarian affiliation. Notably, Christians are more likely to adopt positive attitudes towards immigrants as Syrian density increases, compared with Shi’as more likely to cite prejudice.
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Whitaker, Andrei N., and Karen F. Beazley. "Feasibility of wolf reintroduction to Nova Scotia: public opinions on wolves and their management in light of the ecological potential for wolf recovery." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 48, no. 2 (May 7, 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v48i2.6657.
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This study investigated the ecological and social potential for wolf (Canis spp.) recovery in Nova Scotia, Canada. Reintroduction potential was considered through a GIS-based analysis of land cover, human population density, land ownership, prey density, and road density. Two disconnected areas of adequate habitat for wolves were identified. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven identified groups on public attitudes towards the wolf and its potential recovery in the province. Opinions ranged from ‘love’ to a strong dislike of wolves, and many interviewees associated wolves with fear and expressed concern that they would come into contact with wolves on or near their properties. It would likely not be advisable to introduce an active wolf reintroduction program in NS at this time, due to the absence of effective habitat connectivity between the two identified areas of suitable habitat, and the public unease about wolf proximity. However, a proactive public education initiative is recommended in case of future reintroductions or natural immigrations of wolves and other top carnivores from nearby populations.
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Xiong, Ziyu, Pin Li, Hanjia Lyu, and Jiebo Luo. "Social Media Opinions on Working From Home in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e29195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29195.
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Background Since March 2020, companies nationwide have started work from home (WFH) owing to the rapid increase of confirmed COVID-19 cases in an attempt to help prevent the disease from spreading and to rescue the economy from the pandemic. Many organizations have conducted surveys to understand people’s opinions toward WFH. However, the findings are limited owing to a small sample size and the dynamic topics over time. Objective This study aims to understand public opinions regarding WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a large-scale social media study using Twitter data to portray different groups of individuals who have positive or negative opinions on WFH. We performed an ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the sentiment about WFH and user characteristics including gender, age, ethnicity, median household income, and population density. To better understand the public opinion, we used latent Dirichlet allocation to extract topics and investigate how tweet contents are related to people’s attitude. Results On performing ordinary least squares regression analysis using a large-scale data set of publicly available Twitter posts (n=28,579) regarding WFH during April 10-22, 2020, we found that the sentiment on WFH varies across user characteristics. In particular, women tend to be more positive about WFH (P<.001). People in their 40s are more positive toward WFH than those in other age groups (P<.001). People from high-income areas are more likely to have positive opinions about WFH (P<.001). These nuanced differences are supported by a more fine-grained topic analysis. At a higher level, we found that the most negative sentiment about WFH roughly corresponds to the discussion on government policy. However, people express a more positive sentiment when discussing topics on “remote work or study” and “encouragement.” Furthermore, topic distributions vary across different user groups. Women pay more attention to family activities than men (P<.05). Older people talk more about work and express a more positive sentiment regarding WFH. Conclusions This paper presents a large-scale social media–based study to understand the public opinion on WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that this study can contribute to policymaking both at the national and institution or company levels to improve the overall population’s experience with WFH.
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Artigues, Guillem, Sara Mateo, Maria Ramos, and Elena Cabeza. "Validation of the Urban Walkability Perception Questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186631.
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Within the context of promoting the “healthy routes” program, the aim of this study was to validate the urban walkability perception questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands to determine the characteristics of the urban environment that promote walking among the population. The UWPQ measures pedestrian facilities, infrastructures of the environment, perception of safety and a participant’s general opinion. This process was performed in 12 routes predefined by a community participation program and set around the primary health centers. Degree of correlation between the items was calculated. The final internal consistency was 0.8 in all blocks according to the Cronbach’s alpha test (p < 0.01). Goodman and Kruskal–gamma correlation coefficient (γ) between the item measuring the general opinion and the rest of the items was significant. The items from the perception of safety and pedestrian facilities blocks were the ones that most affected the final assessment. Those regarding the pedestrian-only pavements, clearly marked pavements, noise, traffic density and parks condition obtained the lowest coefficients. To conclude, the results showed that the UWPQ is a suitable instrument to assess the degree of adequacy of the urban environment for walking. It could contribute to create healthy environments as well as to improve public policies.
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Kotulla, Theresa, Jon Martin Denstadli, Are Oust, and Elisabeth Beusker. "What Does It Take to Make the Compact City Liveable for Wider Groups? Identifying Key Neighbourhood and Dwelling Features." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123480.
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Compact cities promote sustainability through several mechanisms, and high-density city development has become a key strategy for policy decision makers to accommodate population growth and mitigate human impacts of the local and global environment. The aim of this study is to identify elements of the built environment and inner-city dwellings considered important for improving compact-city liveability for various groups throughout their life cycles. To attend to the depth and complexity of this issue, this study is based on a qualitative approach, where data are gathered through in-depth interviews with housing market specialists. The expert panel emphasises proximity to green spaces and easy access to local services/facilities and public transportation as key elements of the built environment to improve compact-city liveability. At the same time, some of the respondents strongly argue with facilitating neighbourhoods for private cars. With regard to dwelling characteristics, the experts emphasised the importance of adequate storage space and the availability of a balcony as vital to high-density liveability. Balconies can alleviate some of the negative effects by working as a personal ‘mini garden’. Moreover, a general opinion among experts is that compact living developments should facilitate shared facilities to level out the space disadvantages of small-space dwellings.
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Feged-Rivadeneira, Alejandro, and Sian Evans. "Ethnography of a parasite: A quantitative ethnographic observation of forest malaria in the Amazon basin." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 8 (May 21, 2018): 820–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818756561.
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Aims: Malaria in the Amazon basin is persistently more prevalent among low density populations (1–4 people/[Formula: see text]). Describing malaria transmission in small populations, such as ethnic minorities in the Amazon basin, living in reserves in groups that amount to 110–450 individuals, is fundamental for the implementation of adequate interventions. Here, we examine malaria transmission in a context of high prevalence in a small population of Nükak ethnicity (ethnic group [Formula: see text] individuals, study group, [Formula: see text] individuals) living in the peri-urban area of a city with [Formula: see text] inhabitants in the Amazon basin. Methods: Using methods from behavioral ecology, we conducted a quantitative ethnography and collected data to inform of individual behavioral profiles. Individual malarial infection reports were available from the local public health offices, so each behavioral profile was associated with an epidemic profile for the past 5 years. Results: Our research shows that, in-line with current opinion, malaria among the Nükak is not associated with an occupational hazard risk and follows a holoendemic pattern, where children are most susceptible to the parasite. Parasite loads of malarial infection among the Nükak persist at much higher rates than in any other neighboring ethnicity, which indicates an association between high incidence rates and endemicity. Conclusions: We hypothesize that malarial infection in the forest follows a pattern where the parasite persists in pockets of holoendemicity, and occupational hazard risk for individuals outside those pockets is associated with behaviors that take place in the proximity of the pockets of endemicity.
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Zheltobryukh, Aleksandr Vasil'evich, and Vitalii Nikolaevich Vinokurov. "Factors affecting the establishment of the size and limits of an administrative area supervised by a local police officer." Полицейская деятельность, no. 2 (February 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2021.2.35040.
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The research subject is social relations in the field of public order protection, ensuring social security and combating crime in an administrative area and the implementation of preventive measures by a local police officer. The authors focus on the factors and peculiarities of the supervised area and its population affecting the establishment and revisioning of the size and limits of an administrative area supervised by a local police officer, and on the amendments to the decree of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of March 29, 2019 No205 “On a local police officer service in an administrative area and organization of this service”. Based on the conducted analysis, the authors suggest, when defining the size and limits of an administrative area, taking into account the population density in the area in question, economic, geographic, national and demographic peculiarities on the territory, the criminological characteristics of the citizens, the number of citizens having a police record, the current operative situation, and the peculiarities of administrative organization of municipal entities. In the authors’ opinion, the resolution of this problem will have a positive effect on the work of police officers, and will help to equally and rationally distribute workload on local police officers thus raising the effectiveness of their service and improving the quality of preventive measures.
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Sousa, Mateus Santana, Camila Silveira Silva Teixeira, Jamacy Costa Souza, Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa, Renata Puppin Zandonadi, Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho, Heesup Han, et al. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Community Restaurants for the Dimension of Low-Income People Access to Food." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082671.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs’ menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels.
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Njomo, Doris W., Bridget W. Kimani, Lydiah W. Kibe, Collins Okoyo, Wyckliff P. Omondi, and Hadley M. Sultani. "Implementation challenges and opportunities for improved mass treatment uptake for lymphatic filariasis elimination: Perceptions and experiences of community drug distributors of coastal Kenya." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e0009012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009012.
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Community drug distributors (CDDs) who are volunteers have the responsibility of awareness creation, household census, drug distribution and record-keeping and are thus key stakeholders in the campaign for Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) elimination. Taking into account their experiences and perceptions is important for a successful elimination campaign. We conducted a qualitative study in 2018 to identify implementation challenges and opportunities for improved mass drug administration (MDA) uptake based on the CDDs perceptions and experiences. Within a larger study that used mixed methods quasi-experimental design, we collected qualitative data from two wards in Kaloleni Sub-County of Kilifi County which was purposively selected owing to its low, 56% and 50.5% treatment coverage in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 8) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) (n = 8) with CDDs, IDIs (n = 22) with opinion leaders and IDIs (n = 8) with health workers were conducted and the data analyzed by QSR NVIVO version 10 according to thematic areas. The results showed that based on the perceptions and experiences of the CDDs, several challenges: communities’ refusal to take the drugs; absenteeism during MDA; non-adherence to CDDs selection criteria; inadequacy in number of CDDs engaged during the campaign and training provided; insufficiency of drugs issued to CDDs; lack of CDDs supervision and low motivation negatively impact on MDA uptake. Opportunities to address the challenges included: awareness creation on MDA, health education on LF and observation of hygiene during drug administration, increased duration of awareness creation and drug administration, adherence to CDDs selection criteria and putting into consideration the vastness of an area and population density while deploying CDDs. Other opportunities include: improved CDDs training and scheduling; issuing of enough drugs to CDDs to meet the communities’ demand and improved supervision and motivation of CDDs. Addressing the challenges highlighted is an important step of maximizing MDA uptake. The opportunities presented need to be considered by the NTD program personnel, the county health personnel and the community while planning the implementation of MDA campaigns.
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Januar, Januar, and Eka Rizal. "PUBLIC NARRATION AND MOSLEM COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION TOWARD THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT IN BUKITTINGGI." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies 5, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v5i1.970.
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<p>The increasing and spreading of population in Bukittinggi emerges several environmental problem, such as; the population density above 500 people per hectare, air pollution, traffic congestion, limited sources of clean water, limited green space for the people, poor sanitation, and drainage, and the poor of city planning and construction. One of the crucial issues of environmental management is the low participation and awareness of the community on the waste management even they are the strong adheres of religion beliefs and culture. How the public narration and opinion on the awareness of preserving the environment so that it affects the participation of the Muslim communities on the environmental management is a phenomenon that will be answered in this study. This qualitative study has found that the narration of Muslim community awareness does not affect their participation on the environmental management, especially community-based waste in Bukittinggi City, which in general has not been going properly. There are other factors outside of the religious awareness and cultural factors in the lack of community participation, such as, the implementation of regulations and environmental policies and the absence of certain planning in the management of community-based solid waste management because of several obstacles including the lack of community awareness, the absence of waste management and limited funding processing.</p><p> </p><p class="abstrak"><em>Pertambahan</em><em> </em><em>jumlah</em><em> </em><em>dan penyebaran penduduk di Kota Bukittinggi menimbulkan persoalan lingkungan seperti; kepadatan jumlah penduduk di atas 500 jiwa per hektar, polusi udara, kemacetan lalu lintas, </em><em> terbatasnya sumber </em><em>a</em><em>i</em><em>r </em><em> </em><em>bersih/minum, terbatasnya ruang terbuka hijau bagi warga, buruknya sanitasi dan drainase, serta jeleknya penataan kota dan pembangunan. Salah satu persoalan krusial dalam pengelolaan lingkungan</em><em> seperti</em><em> persoalan sampah</em><em> adalah rendahnya partisipasi dan kesadaran masyarakat yang notabenenya kuat menganut keyakinan agama dan kultur budaya</em><em>.</em><em> Bagaimana narasi dan opini masyarakat terhadap kesadaran menjaga lingkungan sehingga mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat Muslim dalam pengelolaan lingkungan hidup merupakan fenomena yang akan dijawab dalam penelitian ini</em><em>. Penelitian Kualitatif ini </em><em>telah </em><em>menemukan bahwa </em><em>narasi tentang kesadaran masyarakat Muslim tidak mempengaruhi partisipasi mereka </em><em>dalam</em><em> pengelolaan lingkungan terutama sa</em><em>m</em><em>pah berbasis masyarakat di </em><em>K</em><em>ota Bukittinggi</em><em> yang</em><em> secara umum belum berjalan dengan baik</em><em>. Ada faktor lain diluar faktor kesadaran beragama dan kultur budaya dalam rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat seperti belum terlaksananya peraturan dan kebijakan lingkungan, bahkan ditambah</em><em> </em><em>belum</em><em> </em><em>ada</em><em>n</em><em>ya</em><em> </em><em>pe</em><em>r</em><em>encanaan khusus dalam management pengelolaan sa</em><em>m</em><em>pah berbasis masyarakat </em><em>k</em><em>a</em><em>r</em><em>ena beberapa kendala diantaranya minimnya kesadaran masyarakat, tidak ada</em><em>n</em><em>ya te</em><em>m</em><em>pat pengelolaan sa</em><em>m</em><em>pah dan keterbatasan biaya pengolahan.</em></p>
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Balakireva, O. M., and D. A. Dmytruk. "Monitoring of public opinion of Ukraine’s population." Ukrainian Society 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2006): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2006.06.123.
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Balakireva, O. M. "Public opinion of Ukraine’s population: April 2009." Ukrainian Society 29, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2009.02.161.
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Hallberg, Örjan. "Public health versus population density." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 23, no. 6 (November 2014): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0000000000000002.
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Curiel, J. A., A. E. Sanders, and G. D. Slade. "Emulation of Community Water Fluoridation Coverage Across US Counties." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084419887696.
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Introduction: Expansion of community water fluoridation has stalled in the United States, leaving 115 million Americans without fluoridated drinking water. Objective: This study used spatial regression methods to assess contributions of supply-side factors (neighboring counties’ fluoridation coverage) and demand-side factors (health literacy, education, and population density of the local county) in predicting the extent of fluoridation in US counties. Methods: For this cross-sectional ecological analysis, data from the 2014 Water Fluoridation Reporting System for all 3,135 US counties were merged with sociodemographic data from the 2014 American Community Survey and county-level estimates of health literacy based on the National Association of Adult Literacy Survey. We employed multilevel geographically weighted autoregressive models to predict fluoridation coverage of each county as a function of fluoridation coverage of neighboring counties and local-county covariates: either health literacy or sociodemographic characteristics. Akaike’s Information Criterion was used to distinguish the better model in terms of explanatory power and parsimony. Results: In the best-fit model, an increase from the first to third quartile of neighboring counties’ fluoridation coverage was associated with an increase of 27.76 percentage points (95% confidence limits [CI] = 27.71, 27.81) in a local county’s fluoridation coverage, while an increase from the first to third quartile of local county’s health literacy was associated with an increase of 2.8 percentage points (95% CL = 2.68, 2.89). The results are consistent with a process of emulation, in which counties implement fluoridation based upon their population’s health literacy and the extent of fluoridation practiced in neighboring counties. Conclusion: These results suggest that demand for community water fluoridation will increase as health literacy increases within a county. Furthermore, when considering expansion of fluoridation, non-fluoridated communities can benefit from precedents from nearby communities that are fluoridated. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Expanded coverage of community water fluoridation has stalled in the United States. The economic theory of diffusion describes how, over time and space, policy enacted in one community can influence public opinion in a neighboring community. This study applies geospatial analysis of county-level data and the theory of policy diffusion to demonstrate that fluoridated counties can promote the implementation of community water fluoridation in their neighboring, non-fluoridated communities.
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Mohylnyi, Oleksii, Nataliia Patyka, and Olena Hryschenko. "Impact of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on labor market and rural employment." Ekonomika APK 318, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202104051.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of restrictive quarantine measures in 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rural labor market, the level of employment and the extent of rural poverty. Research methods. The basis for the study were general scientific and economic methods, creative heritage of the classical political economy founders, publications of Ukrainian scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, on social and labor relations in rural areas, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Employment Service, Internet resources and other sources. The monographic approach was used in the analysis of the employment rate dynamics of the rural population, changes in the labor market and the scale of poverty caused by the lockdowns introduction in 2020-2021. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight the labor potential of rural areas and opportunities for its implementation in a pandemic. A number of abstract-logical techniques allowed formulating intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. The phenomenon of the category "labor" as a process of conscious and purposeful activity on the transformation of natural and economic factors of production in order to meet human needs is considered. The institutional preconditions of spatial differences in the concentration of jobs in rural and urban areas and the deepening of inequality in their development are highlighted. Changes caused by a number of restrictions on economic activity in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are analyzed, in the field of the rural population employment by age groups, employment status, unemployment among working-age people, the number of employees who received unemployment status, as well as the workload per vacancy registered with the State Employment Service, the dynamics of its provision of services to rural residents. Public opinion that in the employment and rural labor market due to non-compliance with quarantine restrictions on economic activity, technological features of agricultural production and lower density, the rural population suffers less from quarantine measures is refuted. As a result of the introduction of two all-Ukrainian lockdowns in 2020–2021, the number of employed rural population decreased by 361 thousand people, or by 7%, of them employed - by 198 thousand and self-employed - by 153 thousand. The unemployment rate for this period also increased by 1.7 percentage points, or 11.5%. In April-May 2021, almost 120,000 workers received the status of unemployed dismissed from agricultural, forestry and fisheries enterprises, or one in five of the total in the economy. In addition, the number of applicants for one vacancy in rural areas has doubled, while reducing the financial capacity of the State Employment Service, especially with regard to the implementation of active forms of employment recovery. An integral consequence of quarantine restrictions was the spread of poverty among the rural population and the further social exclusion of people with unprotected self-employment. Scientific novelty. Methodological approaches to assessing the negative impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural employment, the rural labor market and the well-being of rural households have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on employment and the rural labor market in 2020-2021 may be taken into account when developing measures to support micro and small businesses and self-employed agricultural workers in extreme conditions of society, such as a pandemic. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 35.
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Kurucz, E., and M. G. Fári. "Improvement of germination capacity of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby by seed priming techniques." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.4.2013.2.7.
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Abstract Sida hermephrodita or Virginia mallow is a perspective perennial herb in the Malvaceae family able to yield a biomass crop through the last two decades. Additionally, the plants have a lot of uses and benefits for instance it can be used as a fodder crop, honey crop, ornamental plant in public gardens. It has favourable features for example fast growing and resistance against the disease and climatic fluctuations, etc. Since Sida is in the beginning phase of domestication, it has a serious disadvantage: the low and slow germination as a big part of wild plants. Due to the expressly low germination percent, the need of seed showing of driller should tenfold 200 thousand seeds/acre instead of 10–20 thousand, which is not available and expensive. Therefore the practical purpose of our research of seed physiology was to increase the seed germination percent in the available, basically wild Sida population. In the first stage of our experiments we examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germination power during our research: the influence of hot water treatment and the effect of exogenous or endogenous infection of seeds. However, in our germination tests, utilizing the scarified seeds with hot water (65, 80 and 95 °C), from 29.3% to 46% germinated from those samples, which were collected from the population of S. hermaphrodita in Debrecen. The average germination for all season was 5–10% without treatment and rinsed using hot water up to almost 50%. When applying physically scarified use, the oldest seeds showed the best germination (46%) after the hot water operation in spite of the previous studies. We discovered that there is a close relationship between the collecting time of the seeds and the ration of seed infections, as well as germination percentage. Thus, the 2009 season was the most favourable in case of contamination (control: 17.3% and 80 °C treatment: 0%) as well as germination percent. It could be concluded that the best season for our findings was 2009 due to autumn harvest of Sida seeds. In our opinion, the autumn harvesting should be the best time to overcome the problem of the low germination and high infection percentage. We also discovered that apparently there is a close relationship between the seed fresh weight or water uptake capability and the percentage of infection. Following these recognitions, we modified our technique in such a way that we fractionated the seeds based on their fresh weight / or relative density before we carried out the treatment. When we filtered the floating seeds on the surface of water, the hot water treatment was performed considerably better on the sunk seeds after separation. Therefore by this special priming process, we were able to reach 80% germination capacity of Virgina mallow seeds under laboratory conditions (26 °C without illumination).
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Jones, Mark. ""Population Thinking": Keats and the Romance of Public Opinion." Wordsworth Circle 38, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/twc24043959.
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Mayone Stycos, J. "Population and the environment: Polls, policies, and public opinion." Population and Environment 18, no. 1 (September 1996): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02208472.
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Bandžović, Sead. "The position and competencies of Qadis in Ottoman legal system." Historijski pogledi 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.4.28.
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Qadis were representatives of judicial branch in Ottoman Empire. The origin of this legal institute comes from the early development phase of islamic state – Omeyyad dinasty when the first rulers and later caliphs apointed qadis for solving disputes. For their appointment in Ottoman Empire qadiasker (military judges) were competent. Each of these judges appointed qadis and religious scolars (muderis) in their area of administration: Rumelian or Anatolian. As members of ulema (religious scolars) qadis enjoyed huge reputation in Ottoman Empire with high degree of independence and integrity in their work. The area under qadis jurisdiction was called kadiluk (or kaza). One sanjak (bigger administrative unit in Ottoman Empire) could be divided in more kadiluks depending on density of muslim population. Qadis were engaged in solving marriage, family and other disputes, regulating prices on the market, securing the public order, control over mosques, religious schools, public bathrooms, orphanages, roads and other legal duties. Together with muhtesibs they controlled the procurement in cities where they served and also in giving the waqf land into lease (mukat). Qadis were educated in medresas (seymaniye schools) and depending on their competence and knowledge they could go further on higher positions in Ottoman legal and administrative system. Beside the implementation of Sharia Law, functions of Qadi was also specific due to the judicial procedure. Ottoman criminal law made a difference between criminal offences against the rights of individuals (murder, theft) and the one against God – so called Hadd offences (consumation of alcohol, apostasy, slander, illicit sexual intercourses, robbery, rebellion). According to the type of offence the procedure could be started by the impaired person, his relatives or any member of the community since the Ottoman law did not know the institute of public prosecutor. When it comes to the inaction of punishments, the principle of legality was important as also the minimum degree of doubt that the person perpetrated the crime for which he was charged so in cases of incompatibility between offence and sharia law no other legal actions were taken. During the procedure qadis used the principle of justice and fairness (arabic: hukm, adl, mizan, insaf) where every Muslim had to follow and achieve it in his life. On the other side there was injustice (Zulm). Connected with the justice there was istihsan as a subsidiary source of law. The judging on basis of fairness was inspired by reasons of conciousness which allowed to divert from the current law if it led towards unfair solution. Istihsan was not superior over Sharia law but it represented its constitutive part. Its impelementation allowed Sharia Law to be flexible and to adjust itself to current needs. Qadis who used istihsan could in concrete case retreat from the legal norm, which according to their legal opinion was legally either too narrow or wide, in order to find fair solution. In order to protect other involved parties in procedure different procedural principles (principle of legality, right to defence, prohibition of retroactive application of law) were created where a lot of them are part of todays modern legal systems.
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Schindlmayr, Thomas. "The Media, Public Opinion and Population Assistance: Establishing the Link." Family Planning Perspectives 33, no. 3 (May 2001): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2673769.
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Schindlmayr, Thomas. "The Media, Public Opinion and Population Assistance: Establishing the Link." International Family Planning Perspectives 27, no. 1 (March 2001): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2673805.
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Li, Weidong, Tianyi Guo, Yunming Wang, and Bo Chen. "DR-SCIR Public Opinion Propagation Model with Direct Immunity and Social Reinforcement Effect." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040584.
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The DR-SCIR network public opinion propagation model was employed to study the characters of S-state users stopping transmitting information for the first time and secondary transmission of immune users. The model takes into account symmetry and complexity such as direct immunization and social reinforcement effect, proposes the probability of direct immunity Psr and the probability of transform from the immune state to the hesitant state Prc, and divides public opinion information into positive public opinion and negative public opinion based on whether the public opinion information is confirmed. Simulation results show that, when direct immunity Psr = 0.5, the density of I-state nodes in the model decreased by 54.12% at the peak index; when the positive social reinforcement effect factor b = 10, the density of I-state nodes in the model increased by 16.67% at the peak index; and when the negative social reinforcement effect factor b = -10, the density of I-state nodes in the model decreased by 55.36% at the peak index. It shows that increasing the positive social reinforcement effect factor b can promote the spread of positive public opinion, reducing the negative social reinforcement effect factor b can control the spread of negative public opinion, and direct immunization can effectively suppress the spread of public opinion. This model can help us better analyze the rules of public opinion on social networks, so as to maintain a healthy and harmonious network and social environment.
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Burko, Viktor. "How to manage public opinion: theoretical and applied tasks of the sociology of public opinion." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600027.
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The article deals with theoretical and applied problems that exist today in the field of interaction between government bodies and public opinion. At the end of the last century, the existence of the sociology of public opinion was questioned by many Russian sociologists, who considered public opinion to be a kind of state of public consciousness that did not have specific scientific categories. Such a theoretical paradigm made it difficult to find ways to effectively interact with public opinion. At the same time, many problems of the sociology of public opinion about which the many authors spoke at one time still exist today. In particular, the problem of determining the role and place of the subject of public opinion remains important, especially in the field of interaction between power, management structures and the population. Today, in the era of digital communication, the importance of an innovative approach to building a representative sample is growing, when surveys are increasingly conducted online and the results of such a survey cannot always serve as the basis for making effective management decisions. And, finally, there remains an important problem of improving the professionalism of public opinion researchers (pollsters) working in the fields of both political and industrial marketing. The author makes an attempt to draw the attention of management specialists to the need to take these problems into account in cooperation with specialists representing the field of sociology of public opinion.
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Lanchier, N., and N. Taylor. "Galam's bottom-up hierarchical system and public debate model revisited." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 03 (September 2015): 668–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800048783.
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This paper is concerned with the bottom-up hierarchical system and public debate model proposed by Galam (2008), as well as a spatial version of the public debate model. In all three models, there is a population of individuals who are characterized by one of two competing opinions, say opinion −1 and opinion +1. This population is further divided into groups of common size s. In the bottom-up hierarchical system, each group elects a representative candidate, whereas in the other two models, all the members of each group discuss at random times until they reach a consensus. At each election/discussion, the winning opinion is chosen according to Galam's majority rule: the opinion with the majority of representatives wins when there is a strict majority, while one opinion, say opinion −1, is chosen by default in the case of a tie. For the public debate models we also consider the following natural updating rule that we call proportional rule: the winning opinion is chosen at random with a probability equal to the fraction of its supporters in the group. The three models differ in term of their population structure: in the bottom-up hierarchical system, individuals are located on a finite regular tree, in the nonspatial public debate model, they are located on a complete graph, and in the spatial public debate model, they are located on the d-dimensional regular lattice. For the bottom-up hierarchical system and nonspatial public debate model, Galam studied the probability that a given opinion wins under the majority rule and, assuming that individuals' opinions are initially independent, making the initial number of supporters of a given opinion a binomial random variable. The first objective of this paper is to revisit Galam's result, assuming that the initial number of individuals in favor of a given opinion is a fixed deterministic number. Our analysis reveals phase transitions that are sharper under our assumption than under Galam's assumption, particularly with small population size. The second objective is to determine whether both opinions can coexist at equilibrium for the spatial public debate model under the proportional rule, which depends on the spatial dimension.
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Lanchier, N., and N. Taylor. "Galam's bottom-up hierarchical system and public debate model revisited." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 3 (September 2015): 668–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1444308877.
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This paper is concerned with the bottom-up hierarchical system and public debate model proposed by Galam (2008), as well as a spatial version of the public debate model. In all three models, there is a population of individuals who are characterized by one of two competing opinions, say opinion −1 and opinion +1. This population is further divided into groups of common size s. In the bottom-up hierarchical system, each group elects a representative candidate, whereas in the other two models, all the members of each group discuss at random times until they reach a consensus. At each election/discussion, the winning opinion is chosen according to Galam's majority rule: the opinion with the majority of representatives wins when there is a strict majority, while one opinion, say opinion −1, is chosen by default in the case of a tie. For the public debate models we also consider the following natural updating rule that we call proportional rule: the winning opinion is chosen at random with a probability equal to the fraction of its supporters in the group. The three models differ in term of their population structure: in the bottom-up hierarchical system, individuals are located on a finite regular tree, in the nonspatial public debate model, they are located on a complete graph, and in the spatial public debate model, they are located on the d-dimensional regular lattice. For the bottom-up hierarchical system and nonspatial public debate model, Galam studied the probability that a given opinion wins under the majority rule and, assuming that individuals' opinions are initially independent, making the initial number of supporters of a given opinion a binomial random variable. The first objective of this paper is to revisit Galam's result, assuming that the initial number of individuals in favor of a given opinion is a fixed deterministic number. Our analysis reveals phase transitions that are sharper under our assumption than under Galam's assumption, particularly with small population size. The second objective is to determine whether both opinions can coexist at equilibrium for the spatial public debate model under the proportional rule, which depends on the spatial dimension.
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Aksenova, V. V. "Comfortable Urban Environment: Public Opinion of Muscovites." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 19, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2020-19-4-76-84.
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the article is devoted to issues related to the formation of a comfortable urban environment with the participation of the population. The city, being a social space, must provide a high standard of living for all its inhabitants. The article substantiates the importance of public participation in the improvement of the city and tells about the tools that ensure this. With the help of Internet portals created by the Moscow Government, the right of every citizen to express their opinion is realized. The article analyzes the work of these Internet portals and the results of a sociological study conducted in 2019 on the assessment of Muscovites on the ongoing measures for the reconstruction of Moscow.
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Monterola, Christopher, May Lim, Jerrold Garcia, and Caesar Saloma. "Accurate forecasting of the undecided population in a public opinion poll." Journal of Forecasting 21, no. 6 (2002): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/for.831.
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Tymoshenko, Yu A. "Public Opinion and the Criminalization of Environmental Offenses." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18212.
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The article deals with the consideration of public opinion in the criminalization of environmental offenses, given the results of a questionnaire survey of the population to assess the status of environmental protection, the degree of public danger of the crimes of various groups, including environmental, concerns about their protection against illegal encroachments on the ecological safety. Attention is drawn to the fact that the results obtained can be used in solving the issue of criminalization of illegal encroachments on the environment.
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Cotter, Patrick R., David K. Perry, and James G. Stovall. "Active and Passive Indicators of Public Opinion: Assessing the Call-in Poll." Journalism Quarterly 71, no. 1 (March 1994): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100116.
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This study of call-in poll participants indicates that although such participants are generally similar - in socio-demographics - to the population as a whole, they are more opinionated than are telephone survey respondents. The study confirms that call-in polls and surveys of the population do not necessarily produce similar information concerning public opinion and that decision makers need to be sensitive to the intensity of opinion held by voters.
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Liu, Ping. "Information Dissemination Mechanism Based on Cloud Computing Cross-Media Public Opinion Network Environment." International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach 14, no. 2 (July 2021): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitsa.2021070105.
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As an important expression of social public opinion, network public opinion develops rapidly with the popularization of the internet and then affects the real society. Therefore, the use of computer technology to study the network public opinion information transmission mechanism has strong practical significance. The purpose of this paper is to use cloud computing to realize the research of information dissemination mechanism in the context of cross-media public opinion network. Researched from three aspects of operator supervision, number of media, and user density, the hotspot propagation mechanism of Storm platform given in this paper can solve the efficiency problems of traditional algorithms while ensuring accuracy, improve efficiency, and lay the foundation for the research on the monitoring of Internet public opinion propagation.
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Rosental, Paul-André. "Jean Stoetzel, Demography and Public Opinion: for the Sixtieth Anniversary of Population." Population (english edition) 61, no. 1 (2006): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.601.0029.
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GIESBRECHT, NORMAN, and LYNN KAVANAGH. "Public opinion and alcohol policy: comparisons of two Canadian general population surveys." Drug and Alcohol Review 18, no. 1 (March 1999): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239996716.
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Zaidi, Asghar, Katrin Gasior, and Robert Manchin. "Population Aging and Intergenerational Solidarity: International Policy Frameworks and European Public Opinion." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 10, no. 3 (July 2012): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2012.697845.
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JANNATOV, Asim. "The Issue of Turkic Population in Iran in the Turkish Public Opinion." JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND FUTURE 7, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.21551/jhf.899553.
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Segura, Gary M. "Latino Public Opinion & Realigning the American Electorate." Daedalus 141, no. 4 (October 2012): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00176.
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The growth and significance of the Latino electorate raises important questions about its preferences, identity, and impact. In this essay, I explore three facets of Latino public opinion and offer thoughts regarding their political impact. First, I demonstrate that Latino core beliefs about the role of government are progressive. Second, I explore the ways in which national origin, nativity, and generational status reveal important differences in how Latinos think about and participate in politics; I caution against over-interpreting the importance of these differences. Finally, I offer evidence that Latino panethnic identity is sufficiently developed to constitute a political “group.” Given that this segment in the American electorate is increasingly unified and demonstrably left of center, I suggest that the growth of the Latino population and electorate could have substantial electoral and social impact.
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Munzert, Simon, and Paul C. Bauer. "Political Depolarization in German Public Opinion, 1980–2010." Political Science Research and Methods 1, no. 1 (June 2013): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.7.
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Little is known about political polarization in German public opinion. This article offers an issue-based perspective and explores trends of opinion polarization in Germany. Public opinion polarization is conceptualized and measured as alignment of attitudes. Data from the German General Social Survey (1980 to 2010) comprise attitudes towards manifold issues, which are classified into several dimensions. This study estimates multilevel models that reveal general and issue- as well as dimension-specific levels and trends in attitude alignment for both the whole German population and sub-groups. It finds that public opinion polarization has decreased over the last three decades in Germany. In particular, highly educated and more politically interested people have become less polarized over time. However, polarization seems to have increased in attitudes regarding gender issues. These findings provide interesting contrasts to existing research on the American public.
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Tsiklashvili, Natela, Tamila Turmanidze, and Tamar Beridze. "Women’s role in organizations and public opinion." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.39.
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Georgia still faces urgent problems of women employment, level of raising women’s qualification and restricted career opportunities. It impacts economic indicators as well. Proceeding from the topicality of the problem, the goal of the research is to study the attitude towards the role of women in present-day organizations, applying complex methods of information gathering and analysis, quantitative methods of research.The conducted research and analysis of outcomes led to the conclusion that, despite progressive changes in the state and society attitude towards gender equality, still there are many controversial issues. It is a typical situation for many countries. Although women represent half of the able-bodied population worldwide, their portion in GDP is only 37%. It indicates that full utilization of women’s potential is not or cannot be accomplished. It is significant to identify the hindering reasons.The research results show that the hindering factors of women’s self-realization and career advancement in Georgia are: 61% – family, 27% – education/less qualification, 25% – stereotypes, 34% – inflexible work schedule and inconvenient conditions. The authors think that, in order for the state to make maximum utilization of women’s resources as a valuable economic and political asset, it is necessary that government work out efficient ways to create convenient conditions for women. At the same time, all companies must have labor management strategy that can bring success if all aspects of women’s work in each component will be actively applied.
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Stepan, Matthias, Enze Han, and Tim Reeskens. "Building the New Socialist Countryside: Tracking Public Policy and Public Opinion Changes in China." China Quarterly 226 (May 13, 2016): 456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741016000369.
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AbstractEver since the introduction of the national political programme of “Building a new socialist countryside” (BNSC) in the early 2000s, renewed focus has been cast on how the Chinese government manages the gap between its rural and urban areas in the new millennium. Previous research has mostly studied the social and political consequences of the BNSC initiative without paying particular attention to its effects on public opinion. In this article, we present an analysis of the 2002 and 2008 waves of the mainland China subset of the Asian Barometer. Our results show a significant shift in the perceptions of the rural population in respect to how much impact government policies have on daily life. This shift brings rural perceptions more in line with those of the urban population in 2002. The paper concludes with the implications of our findings for the study of the relations between public opinion and public policy in China.
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Fisher, Charles G., Christian P. DiPaola, Vanessa K. Noonan, Christopher Bailey, and Marcel F. S. Dvorak. "Physician-industry conflict of interest: public opinion regarding industry-sponsored research." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 1 (July 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.4.spine11869.
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Object The nature of physician-industry conflict of interest (COI) has become a source of considerable concern, but is often not discussed in the research setting. With reduced funding available from government and nonprofit sources, industry support has enthusiastically grown, but along with this comes the potential for COI that must be regulated. In this era of shared decision making in health care, society must have input into this regulation. The purpose of this study was to assess the opinions of a North American population sample on COI regarding industry-funded research and to analyze population subgroups for trends. Methods A survey was developed for face and content validity, underwent focus group evaluation for clarity and bias reduction, and was administered via the World Wide Web. Demographic and general survey results were summarized as a percentage for each answer, and subgroup analysis was done using logistic regression. Generalizability of the sample to the US population was also assessed. Results Of 541 surveys, 40 were excluded due to missing information, leaving 501 surveys for analysis. The sample population was composed of more females, was older, and was more educated than a representative cross-section of the American population. Respondents support multidisciplinary surgeon-industry COI regulation and trust doctors and their professional societies the most to head this effort. Respondents trust government officials and company representatives the least with respect to regulation of COI. Most respondents feel that industry-sponsored research can involve physicians and be both objective and beneficial to patients. Conclusions Most respondents in this study felt that surgeons should be involved in industry-sponsored research and that more research, regardless of funding source, will ultimately benefit patients. The majority of respondents distrust government or industry to regulate COI. The development of evidence-based treatment recommendations requires the inclusion of patient preference. The authors encourage regulatory bodies to follow suit and include society's perspective on regulation of COI in research.
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Wang, Shixiong, and Yu Song. "Chinese online public opinions on the Two-Child Policy." Online Information Review 43, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-07-2017-0217.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Weibo as a window to examine the Chinese netizens’ online attitudes and responses to two sets of population policy: the Selective Two-Child Policy (Phase 2) and the Universal Two-Child Policy. The population policy change from the rigid One-Child Policy to the Selective Two-Child Policy then to the Universal Two-Child Policy aroused great attention of the Chinese people. Design/methodology/approach This research uses the crawler technique to extract data on the Sina Weibo platform. Through opinion mining of Weibo posts on two sets of population policy, the Weibo users’ online opinions on the Two-Child Policy are analyzed from two perspectives: their attention intensity and sentiment tendency. The research also use the State Bureau of Statistics of China’s national population data between 2011 and 2016 to examine the Chinese people’s actual birth behaviors after implementing the two different sets of the Two-Child Policy. Findings The research findings indicate that the Selective Two-Child Policy (Phase 2) and the Universal Two-Child Policy are good examples of thematic public sphere of Weibo. Weibo posts on the two sets of the Two-Child Policy have undergone different opinion cycles. People from economically developed regions and populous regions have paid more attention to both sets of Two-Child Policy than their counterparts in the less developed and less populated regions. Men pay more attention to the Two-Child Policy than women do. Despite people’s huge attention to the new population policy, the population growth after the policy is not sustainable. Research limitations/implications The new population policy alone is difficult to boost China’s population within a short period of time. The Chinese Government must provide its people with enough incentives and supporting welfare to make the population growth happen. Originality/value These findings have important implications for understanding the dynamics of online opinion formation and changing population policy in China.
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Nobre, Gabriel Peres, Kecia Aline Marques Ferreira, Ismael Santana Silva, and Glívia Angélica Rodrigues Barbosa. "Using Twitter to Characterize Public Opinion in Brazil During Political Events." International Journal of e-Collaboration 15, no. 3 (July 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2019070104.
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In this work, the authors characterize Brazilian online population sentiment on different political events using data from Twitter and discuss the advantages of the usage of this social media as a data source. The results demonstrated that the Brazilian population uses Twitter to manifest their political view, expressing both positive and negative sentiments regarding political events. This kind of characterization may contribute to build a critical opinion of Brazilian people, once they would not be limited by what is being divulgated by typical media, such as television and newspapers. Additionally, the authors reinforced the applicability of social media, as Twitter, to make this kind of characterization.
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Bolshakova, Yu M. "Еffectiveness of public administration and regional power institutions in population estimates." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 24, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-3-150-168.
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A hypothesis has been put forward that the existing basic characteristics of the executive authorities of region and the implementation by government officials of the apparatus regional administration of politically significant decisions contribute to raising the level of public confidence. Indicators of the quality of life of the population are based on a systemic development of the quality of provision of state and municipal services and a closer relationship with the overall dynamics of the perception of the state apparatus for the management of society. The modern state sets priorities for effective and effective development. These tasks actualize the tasks of conceptualizing analytical work in the field of assessing the effectiveness and effectiveness of public administration, which allows you to turn to the sociological institute of public opinion as an open and independent indicator of the state of quality of public administration. A high level of public confidence in the state increases the effectiveness of state policy, ultimately increasing the overall level of welfare of society. Public opinion can not only facilitate, complicate, and if possible, cancel reforms, but is also one of the most important indicators of how well the reforms are carried out. A high level of public confidence in the state management mechanism increases the effectiveness of state policy, ultimately increasing the overall level of welfare of society. Public opinion can not only facilitate, complicate, and if possible, cancel reforms, but is also one of the most important indicators of how well the reforms are carried out. In this case, mass trust is a certain form of embodiment of the hopes of the population of the region in improving the socio-political and social situation, improving the entire system of state and municipal government. The purpose of the study is to identify the potential of public confidence in the institutions of state power as an indicator of the effectiveness public administration, to identify trends in its growth, and to identify specific features of the established practices of regional governance.
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Shmueli, Liora, Erez Shmueli, Joseph S. Pliskin, Ran D. Balicer, Nadav Davidovitch, Igal Hekselman, and Geva Greenfield. "Second opinion utilization by healthcare insurance type in a mixed private-public healthcare system: a population-based study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e025673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025673.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate the utilisation (overall and by specialty) and the characteristics of second-opinion seekers by insurance type (either health fund or supplementary insurance) in a mixed private-public healthcare.DesignAn observational study.SettingSecondary care visits provided by a large public health fund and a large supplementary health insurance in Israel.ParticipantsThe entire sample included 1 392 907 patients aged 21 years and above who visited at least one specialist over an 18 months period, either in the secondary care or privately via the supplementary insurance.Outcomes measuresAn algorithm was developed to identify potential second-opinion instances in the dataset using visits and claims data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify characteristics of second-opinion seekers by the type of insurance they used.Results143 371 (13%) out of 1 080 892 patients who had supplementary insurance sought a single second opinion, mostly from orthopaedic surgeons. Relatively to patients who sought second opinion via the supplementary insurance, second-opinion seekers via the health fund tended to be females (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.23), of age 40–59 years (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.42) and with chronic conditions (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.18). In contrast, second-opinion seekers via the supplementary insurance tended to be native-born and established immigrants (OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.84), in a high socioeconomic level (OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.37 to 0. 4) and living in central areas (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.9).ConclusionsCertain patient profiles tended to seek second opinions via the supplementary insurance more than others. People from the centre of the country and with a high socioeconomic status tended to do so, as medical specialists tend to reside in central urban areas. Further research is recommended to examine the availability of medical specialists by specialty and residence.
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Räty, Hannu, Leila Snellman, and Arja Vornanen. "Public Views on Intelligence: A Finnish Study." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (February 1993): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.59.
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The study set out to explore Finnish lay views of intelligence, of its nature, definitions, and measurement. The 152 subjects, a random sample of an adult population, rated 23 short statements about intelligence. It appeared that the subjects were inclined to deal with intelligence in pluralistic and relativistic rather than in absolute terms. Statements concerning the objectivity of intelligence tests and the value of their use generated the most differences of opinion. A factor analysis of the ratings indicated three dimensions of opinion: traditional views, relativistic views, and gender stereotypes. Relationships of the subjects' sex, age. and education to their opinions were studied.
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Mariano, Pedro, Davide Nunes, and Luís Correia. "Public and Private Partner Selection in Battle of Sexes." International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems 6, no. 2 (July 2015): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaras.2015070103.
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In this paper the authors investigate what factors can promote population diversity. They compare different partner selection models and strategy mobility on the Battle of Sexes game. This is a game with a coordination dilemma where players must decide which event to attend given that each one has its preferred event but they prefer going together. They investigate two types of partner selection: one based in private information and another based on public information, which is based on an opinion model. The authors analyze two variants of the opinion model. Experimental analysis shows that partner selection plays a minor role of favoring population diversity. One of the most important factors is strategy mobility either implicitly through mutation or explicitly when an offspring is placed in a different location.
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Karver, T., A. Sorhaindo, S. García, and C. Diaz Olavarrieta. "Has public opinion on elective abortion changed amongst the Mexican population? Policy and practice implications of the 2013 National Public Opinion Survey on Abortion." Contraception 89, no. 5 (May 2014): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.023.
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I-chun, Liu, and Chen Chii-ching. "A Comparative Analysis of Elitist and Public Opinion Evaluation of National Health Insurance Policy Performance." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 2206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i4.4705.
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This study discusses evaluation of National Health Insurance policy, using the policy Delphi method to obtain elite opinion on evaluation indicators of the policy and a telephone survey to collect general public opinion. Results indicated that the elite and the general public share a consensus on policy performance. The findings suggest that evaluations of NHI policy that incorporate elite and general public assessments may be preferable to evaluations based on assessments from just one sector of the population. Moreover, performance assessment should integrate the opinions of different representative sections of the population, as well as professional and democratic principles of decision-making. The study also provides evidence that public opinion and elite evaluation are correlated and shows considerable consistency in the evaluation of NHI policy regardless of the policy knowledge of the evaluators.