Journal articles: 'Population growth; Population policy'

1

Hilali, A. Z. "China's Population Growth: Policy and Prospects." China Report 33, no. 1 (1997): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944559703300102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Turner, Adair. "Population priorities: the challenge of continued rapid population growth." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1532 (2009): 2977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0183.

Full text

Abstract:

Rapid population growth continues in the least developed countries. The revisionist case that rapid population could be overcome by technology, that population density was advantageous, that capital shallowing is not a vital concern and that empirical investigations had not proved a correlation between high population growth and low per capita income was both empirically and theoretically flawed. In the modern world, population density does not play the role it did in nineteenth-century Europe and rates of growth in some of today's least developed nations are four times than those in nineteenth-century Europe, and without major accumulation of capital per capita , no major economy has or is likely to make the low- to middle-income transition. Though not sufficient, capital accumulation for growth is absolutely essential to economic growth. While there are good reasons for objecting to the enforced nature of the Chinese one-child policy, we should not underestimate the positive impact which that policy has almost certainly had and will have over the next several decades on Chinese economic performance. And a valid reticence about telling developing countries that they must contain fertility should not lead us to underestimate the severely adverse impact of high fertility rates on the economic performance and prospects of many countries in Africa and the Middle East.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Menacherry, Stanley D. "Population Growth and Economic Development: Policy Questions." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 4 (1987): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069918.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Newlyn, W. T. "Population Growth and Economic Development: Policy Questions." Population Studies 43, no. 1 (1989): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000144076.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Keyfitz, Nathan, National Research Council, and Committee on Population. "Population Growth and Economic Development: Policy Questions." Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, no. 400 (1987): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2289399.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Tyree, Andrea, National Research Council, and Committee on Population. "Population Growth and Economic Development: Policy Questions." Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, no. 400 (1987): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2289400.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Henson, Paul. "Population growth, environmental awareness, and policy direction." Population and Environment 15, no. 4 (1994): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02208460.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Shakirova, Alisa, and Elena Demkina. "Conceptualization of the efficiency model of the institution of social protection of population (Part 2)." Population 24, no. 2 (2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.9.

Full text

Abstract:

Today we are faced with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which directly or indirectly has affected all countries and regions of the world. The state policy of all countries is aimed at containing the spread of the virus and meeting the basic needs of people in forced isolation. This situation has once again proved the importance of the institution of social protection of population (hereinafter—ISPP) and the need to ensure the efficiency of its functioning. The high growth rates of social changes, in turn, cause a certain lagging behind the process of their scientific comprehension — piling up issues unresolved by means of sociological science. Thus, the current system for assessing the ISPP functioning in terms of the actually obtained result against the normative/planned one, as well as the system for estimating economic costs, do not meet the challenges that modern science and management face. Many problems related to assessment of the ISPP functioning remain unresolved. In particular, the entire range of difficulties faced by consumers of social services has not been fully disclosed; the issues of achieving a consistently high satisfaction of vulnerable population groups with various quantitative and qualitative parameters of service provision are acute. The article discusses the scientific concepts and approaches to assessing effectiveness of the social protection of population used in domestic and foreign social science and practice. It outlines the authors' model for assessing effectiveness of the ISPP functioning on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is based on an integrated approach that consists in fixing the temporal and spatial aspects of assessing effectiveness of the ISPP functioning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Shakirova, Alisa, and Elena Demkina. "Conceptualization of the efficiency model of the institution of social protection of population (Part 1)." Population 24, no. 1 (2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.1.7.

Full text

Abstract:

Today, we are faced with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which directly or indirectly affected all countries and regions of the world. The State policy of all countries is aimed at containing the spread of the virus and meeting the basic needs of people in forced isolation. This situation has once again proved the importance of the institution of social protection of population (hereinafter—ISPP) and the need to ensure the efficiency of its functioning. The high rates of growth of social changes, in turn, cause a certain lag behind the process of their scientific comprehension accumulation of issues unsolved by means of sociological science. Thus, the current system for assessing efficiency of the ISPP functioning in terms of the actually obtained result against the normative / planned one, as well as the system for assessing economic costs, do not meet the challenges faced by modern science and management. Many problems concerning assessment of the ISPP functioning remain unresolved. In particular, the entire range of difficulties faced by consumers of social services has not been fully disclosed; the issues of achieving a consistently high satisfaction of vulnerable groups of the population with various quantitative and qualitative parameters of service provision are acute. The article discusses the scientific concepts and approaches to assessing the effectiveness of social protection of population used in domestic and foreign social science and practice, and outlines the developed model for assessing effectiveness of the ISPP functioning on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is based on an integrated approach that consists in fixing the temporal and spatial aspects of assessing effectiveness of the ISPP functioning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Scovronick, Noah, Mark B. Budolfson, Francis Dennig, et al. "Impact of population growth and population ethics on climate change mitigation policy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (2017): 12338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618308114.

Full text

Abstract:

Future population growth is uncertain and matters for climate policy: higher growth entails more emissions and means more people will be vulnerable to climate-related impacts. We show that how future population is valued importantly determines mitigation decisions. Using the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy model, we explore two approaches to valuing population: a discounted version of total utilitarianism (TU), which considers total wellbeing and is standard in social cost of carbon dioxide (SCC) models, and of average utilitarianism (AU), which ignores population size and sums only each time period’s discounted average wellbeing. Under both approaches, as population increases the SCC increases, but optimal peak temperature decreases. The effect is larger under TU, because it responds to the fact that a larger population means climate change hurts more people: for example, in 2025, assuming the United Nations (UN)-high rather than UN-low population scenario entails an increase in the SCC of 85% under TU vs. 5% under AU. The difference in the SCC between the two population scenarios under TU is comparable to commonly debated decisions regarding time discounting. Additionally, we estimate the avoided mitigation costs implied by plausible reductions in population growth, finding that large near-term savings ($billions annually) occur under TU; savings under AU emerge in the more distant future. These savings are larger than spending shortfalls for human development policies that may lower fertility. Finally, we show that whether lowering population growth entails overall improvements in wellbeing—rather than merely cost savings—again depends on the ethical approach to valuing population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hartmann, Betsy. "Population Control II: The Population Establishment Today." International Journal of Health Services 27, no. 3 (1997): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hkgj-1ymy-q3jw-96lu.

Full text

Abstract:

Although population assistance represents a relatively small share of official development assistance, it influences many other aspects of development planning. The organizations that comprise the population establishment have a common purpose—the reduction of population growth in the Third World—but they are not homogeneous and sometimes have conflicting goals and strategies. National governments, multilateral agencies, nongovernmental organizations, foundations, academic centers, and pressure groups all contribute to creating and sustaining what has become a virtual population control industry. Through scholarships, travel grants, awards, and favorable publicity, Third World elites have been encouraged to join the population establishment. The World Bank, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.N. Fund for Population Activities have pursued explicit strategies for pressuring Third World governments to design and implement population policies, most recently in Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Krasinets, Evgeny S. "Foreign labour in the russian labour market: Problems and decisions." POPULATION 23, no. 1 (2020): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.9.

Full text

Abstract:

In the current conditions of economic and socio-demographic development of the Russian Federation, the role of migration processes in making up for the loss of labour potential and ensuring a sustainable and balanced growth of the economy is increasing. Of great relevance are becoming studies of the problems of labour market balance in their interaction with migration processes and development of practical measures in the field of improving the regulation of labour immigration. The article analyzes statistical material characterizing the trends in attracting and using foreign labor in the modern Russian economy. The peculiarities of the functioning of the national labour market are identified and revealed. Quantitative and structural imbalances in the labour market between labour demand and supply are analyzed. It is shown that the labour market is central among the socio-economic determinants of labour immigration. There is made an assessment of the state and dynamics of the processes of attracting and using foreign labour in connection with the analysis of trends in the situation at the labour market. The impact of labor immigration and its structure on the functioning of the labour market and employment is revealed. The ambiguous consequences of the use of foreign labour for development of the national economy were considered. The positive and negative effects of labour immigration were highlighted. A special attention was paid to development of the issues of improving the state migration policy in the field of labour immigration. The most problematic components of attracting and using foreign workers are shown. There is proposed the development of tasks related to overcoming the existing miscalculations in the labour immigration management practice. There are identified specific measures for solution of the existing problems of receiving foreign labour in order to ensure both short-term and long-term economic and geopolitical interests of the country's development. There are developed proposals and recommendations on the regulation of flows of foreign migrant workers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Avdeev, Yury A., Zinaida I. Sidorkina, and Valentina L. Ushakova. "Demographic development trends in the Russian Eastern Arctic." POPULATION 23, no. 3 (2020): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.12.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper considers the features of the demographic processes in the Russian Arctic zone by the example of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the period from 1939 to 2017. The future of the Arctic depends in large part on its demographic potential. What should be the population of the territory, how the space is organized, whether the population is needed, or enough of the watch organization of production: what should be done (or what not to do) so that the way of life of the native and the indigenous population remained in harmony with the environment, and at the same time solved large-scale tasks in the interests of the country. The study uses the method of constructing and comparing demographic pyramids for different time periods. There are specified demographic groups that differ in their reproductive behavior. On this basis, time periods were identified, within which demographic processes were going in different ways that allows us to assess the relationship between the nature and outcome of these processes and the structure of population at different stages of history. Based on the prospective analysis of the demographic processes in the territory of development of this part of the country, there was revealed the specific in the dynamics and features of the formation of the demographic potential through natural reproduction and migration movement of the indigenous people and newcomers. The authors examined the changes in the population structure at the time of population growth due to intensive arrivals before 1990 and the dramatic decrease as a result of the outflow in the 1990 s, which significantly changed the structure of the population, the ratio between different groups. This approach to analysis of demographic indicators may be used in elaboration of strategic plans for socio-economic development of the region. It gives an adequate assessment of the current situation, helps to formulate in strategic documents the goals and objectives of socioeconomic development, to determine the priorities in the regional demographic policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hakim, Abdul. "Population Policy Shifts and Their Implications for Population Stabilisation in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (2001): 551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.551-573.

Full text

Abstract:

The visible fast increase in the growth rate of world population occurred during the second half of the twentieth century due to the faster declines in mortality following the medical and public health advances made around the time of World War II. The global population growth rate after peaking of at around 1.7 to 1.9 percent per annum in the 1970s and 1980s has since started declining and is currently around 1.4 percent per annum. The world population more than doubled, recording 142 percent increase, from 2.51 billion in 1950 to around 6.07 billion in 2000 [Hakim (2000)]. Most of the increase has been in less developed countries, from 1.68 billion in 1950 to 4.88 billion in 2000, recording 190 percent. Compared to this, the more developed countries witnessed only a marginal increase of 43 percent from 0.83 billion in 1950 to 1.19 billion population in 2000.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Commoner, Barry. "Rapid Population Growth and Environmental Stress." International Journal of Health Services 21, no. 2 (1991): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b8ru-ha91-jjkw-pkur.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Regmi, Laxman Kumar. "An Overview of Population Growth Trends of Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (2015): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v19i1.13828.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to estimate population growth rates of Nepal and also to estimate required time period for doubling population. For this, arithmetic, geometric and exponential growth models are applied. The data are taken from the recent national censuses of Nepal. Population growth trends were 2.10% in 1971, 2.60% in 1981, 2.10% in 1991, 2.25% in 2001 and 1.35% annually in 2011. The trends of urban populations were about 4% in 1971, 6% in 1981, 9% in 1991, 14% in 2001 and 17% in 2011. The population density rose from 79 in 1971 to 181 in 2011. Urban growth rate was 7% whereas it was 2% for rural areas. The population change was found to be 40% in urban whereas 11% in rural areas during 2001-2011. However, overall change was found to be 14% during 2001-2011. The estimated growth rates were found to be 1.44%, 1.35% and 1.35% by using arithmetic, geometric and exponential respectively. The estimated time period for doubling populations was found to be 67 year by arithmetic growth model and 50 years by geometric and exponential growth model. The findings of this paper may help policy-makers and planners for designing population policy of Nepal.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 52-61

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Rybakovsky, Oleg L., and Tamara A. Fadeeva. "Depopulation in the regions of Russia by the beginning of 2020." POPULATION 23, no. 3 (2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.11.

Full text

Abstract:

The article summarizes the natural increase / decrease in the population of the regions and macroregions of the Russian Federation for 1992-2019. Depopulation is a steady natural population decline, it's characteristic of most European territories (countries or parts thereof), whose population was heavily affected in World War II. This applies to both sides of the conflict — and fascist Germany (as well as militaristic Asian Japan), on the one hand; and the territories of modern Poland, the Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, the European part of the Russian Federation, parts of the former Yugoslavia, on the other hand. As a result, since the 1970s the population of these territories began to enter a period of depopulation, the excess of mortality over fertility. This happened as a result of a downward demographic wave, the so-called «first echo of the Second World War», as well as due to global trends of declining birth rates in the entire developed and rapidly developing world. In general, over the 28 years of the post-Soviet period from the beginning of 1992 to the beginning of2020, depopulation covered all European regions of Russia with the exception of 5 republics of the North Caucasus and the Republic of Kalmykia. A somewhat different picture was observed beyond the Ural Range. Here, the depopulation in most large industrial regions was primarily due to the post-Soviet migration outflow of the population to the European part of the country — to the capital regions and plains of Southern Russia with a favorable climate. Positive natural growth was only in the oil and gas bearing Tyumen oblast, the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as well as in the republics of Southern Siberia, whose indigenous population professes Buddhism. The article presents an analysis for each of the typical groups of Russian regions, provides statistics for 28 years of the demographic (reproductive) development of territories, substantiates conclusions, among which the main one is the following. The decrease in the volume of current and upcoming demographic human losses in Russia depends on the consistency, scientific justification, efficiency, effectiveness and selectivity of the country's demographic policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tanaka, Mark M., Romane Cristescu, and Desmond W. Cooper. "Effective population size of koala populations under different population management regimes including contraception." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08160.

Full text

Abstract:

Context. The management of wildlife populations aiming to control population size should also consider the preservation of genetic diversity. Some overabundant koala populations, for example, have low genetic variation. Different management strategies will affect population genetic variation differently. Aims. Here, we compare four strategies with respect to their effects on the effective population size, Ne , and therefore on genetic variation. Methods. The four strategies of interest are: (1) sterilisation or culling (which have the same effect on genetic variation); (2) random contraception of females with replacement; (3) random contraception of females without replacement; and (4) regular contraception, giving every female equal opportunity to reproduce. We develop mathematical models of these alternative schemes to evaluate their impact on Ne . We also consider the effect of changing population sizes by investigating a model with geometric population growth in which females are removed by sterilisation or culling. Key results. We find that sterilisation/culling at sexual maturity has the most detrimental effect on Ne , whereas regular contraception has no impact on Ne . Random contraception lies between these two extremes, leading to a moderate reduction in Ne . Removal of females from a growing population results in a higher Ne than the removal of females from a static population. Conclusions. Different strategies for controlling a population lead to different effective population sizes. Implications. To preserve genetic diversity in a wildlife population under control, the effective population size should be kept as large as possible. We suggest that a suitable approach in managing koala populations may be to prevent reproduction by all females older than a particular age.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Coale, Ansley J. "Population Growth and Economic Development: Policy Questions. National Research Council, Commmittee on Population." Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 4 (1987): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261494.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mountford, Andrew, and Hillel Rapoport. "Migration Policy, African Population Growth and Global Inequality." World Economy 39, no. 4 (2015): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12268.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

DAULAIRE, NILS M. P. "Global Health, Population Growth, and United States Policy." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 882, no. 1 GREAT ISSUES (1999): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08548.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Gatsi, John Gartchie, and Michael Owusu Appiah. "Population growth, income growth and savings in Ghana." Journal of Economics and Development 22, no. 2 (2020): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jed-12-2019-0078.

Full text

Abstract:

PurposeThe study explores the relationship among economic growth, population growth, gross savings and energy consumption over the period 1987– 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach by Pesaran et al. (2001) was employed to investigate variables for the study.FindingsIn the key findings, both gross savings and population growth negatively affect economic growth. However, energy consumption has positive impact on economic growth.Practical implicationsThese findings call for policy portfolios to address the impacts of gross savings and population growth on economic development. In particular, the financial sector needs to be revamped to be more efficient in channeling funds from the surplus units to the deficit units. It is recommended that investment be made in financial and technological innovation to provide efficient access to credits and other financial products even though individual savings may not move with economic growth.Originality/valueMany studies have explored the nexus between savings and economic growth without considering population growth and energy consumption. In this study, the relationship among savings, economic growth, population growth and energy consumption provide additional knowledge in policy formulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Jeníček, V. "World population – development, transition." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 1 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/92/2009-agricecon.

Full text

Abstract:

The accelerated population growth is a very important problem of the present civilisation. The humankind started to realise the importance of the problem already at the beginning of 60s when the demographic development begun to show the unprecedented scope. The notion “population problem” became the topic of many discussions. Gradually, all states of the developing countries started to apply the natality regulation strategy. The forcible methods applied in China and India cannot be accepted as they do not fulfil the human approach demands. The most important prerequisite of the gradual population stabilisation is the attitude of the families themselves. To decrease the population considerably, it is necessary to abolish the family as the base of the patriarchal structures in developing countries, to give women completely equal rights. It is important that both man and woman participated equally in the upbringing and nutrition of children. Woman should have the possibility to decide on the number of her children. They should be able to make their own decisions regarding marriage, job, as well as the way of spending money. However, many women lack this possibility; they are slaves of their fathers and husbands. The implementation of women rights into the population policy is the most important issue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Klupt, M. "International Dimension of Population Policy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-8-5-13.

Full text

Abstract:

Change in political, cultural and financial dimensions of international population agenda over the last half century is considered. Cross-country comparisons reveal path dependence phenomenon. France, where “Malthusian spirit” was long castigated, contributed a lower share of its GDP to international family planning programs than did the US and UK, where Malthusianism always found political support. The controversies over the usage of Kemp–Kasten amendment influenced the structure of the US international population assistance rather than its total volume. Religious NGOs went on international population arena in the 2000s and polarized its non-governmental segment. These NGOs defend the traditional family and declare full respect for national religious and ethical values; their position has some coincidence points with Russia’s standpoint in the UN population debates. The reasons for increasing disagreements between Russia and the West over the key items of both international and Russian domestic population agenda are reviewed. At least 80 per cent of Russians, as the surveys show, believe that the government must strive for fertility growth. Russia’s state-run demographic policy, underlain by this vox populi and aimed at fertility increase, discords with the Western international agenda, which prioritizes the global governance, sexual rights and sexual education of youth. Despite the gloomy UN projection (the 2000 Revision) which predicted shrinking of Russia’s population size to 133.0 million in 2015, it achieved 146.3 Million (including 2.3 Million in Crimea). Nevertheless, most of Western experts argue that the “wrong” Russian demographic policy cannot give positive effect. Given this values’ divide, it would be reasonable to intensify coordination between Russia and other BRICS countries in international population debates and to move cooperation with the West to the issues which are not overloaded by the conflicts of values.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Sharpless, John. "World Population Growth, Family Planning, and American Foreign Policy." Journal of Policy History 7, no. 1 (1995): 72–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004152.

Full text

Abstract:

The U.S. government position on world population growth as it emerged in the early 1960s was a fundamental departure in both content and commitment. We embraced the idea that one of the goals of American foreign policy should be the simultaneous reduction of both mortality and fertility across the Third World. It was not simply rhetoric. As the years passed, we committed a growing portion of our foreign aid to that end. The decision to link U.S. foreign-policy objectives with the subsidy of family planning and population control was truly exceptional in that it explicitly aimed at altering the demographic structure of foreign countries through long-term intervention. No nation had ever set in motion a foreign-policy initiative of such magnitude. Its ultimate goal was no less than to alter the basic fertility behavior of the entire Third World! Whether one views this goal as idealistic and naive or as arrogant and self-serving, the project was truly of herculean proportions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Eriksson, Clas, and Ficre Zehaie. "Population Density, Pollution and Growth." Environmental & Resource Economics 30, no. 4 (2005): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-004-5985-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Rob, Ubaidur, Marium Ul Mutahara, and Noah Sprafkin. "Development of Population Policy in Bangladesh." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 23, no. 1 (2003): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yy8d-mj85-b4gm-h7ge.

Full text

Abstract:

Bangladesh, being a country with a high population density, faces many significant population and development problems. The first population policy of Bangladesh was formulated in 1976 when the rate of population growth was approximately 3% per year. Since then Bangladesh has achieved remarkable success in lowering fertility to a medium level. From independence to present, Bangladesh's population policy has evolved in two distinct phases. The first phase lasted through 1997 and was guided by objectives and strategies outlined in the 1976 Population Policy. The second phase started in 1998 and has continued to the present. This stage is strongly influenced by the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 1994 (ICPD). This article describes the evolvement of the major population issues in Bangladesh and examines how the policies and programs are dealing with the issues and how the policies and programs can be improved to address emerging issues more effectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Oktavina, Sinta. "Population Growth Control Policy and Its Effect to Law Enforcement." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 1, no. 2 (2020): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i2.35460.

Full text

Abstract:

In minimizing population growth that occurs in Indonesia one of them can be done with a family planning program (KB) that has been carried out by the government. In accordance with the framework and ideals of the Indonesian people listed in the opening of the 1945 Constitution. The purpose of the study was to describe the implementation of improving population control through family planning programs in Semarang District in terms of Article 4 Paragraph (1) of the Central Java Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2013 and Knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors in overcoming population control through family planning programs in Semarang Regency. This legal research method uses a qualitative approach with a type of socio-legal research. The results of the study were obtained that (1) The implementation of family planning programs in Semarang Regency was carried out well from the central level to the field. The Office of PP, PA, and KB carry out regulations related to family planning programs which are the vision of the Regent. By communicating, providing information and education to the community and providing socialization and coordination in the implementation of family planning. (2) The supporting factor is the regulation on the implementation of family planning; there is reliable medical personnel. As for the inhibiting factors, not all communities accept the existence of a family planning program; community culture that is still strongly attached to each individual community. The conclusion is that the success of family programs goes very well and cannot be separated from community participation. So that it can be seen from the number of babies born can be reduced from 14,127 in 2015 and 13,328 in 2016 which are spread from 19 districts in Semarang Regency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Guest, Philip, and Gavin W. Jones. "Policy options when population growth slows: The case of Thailand." Population Research and Policy Review 15, no. 2 (1996): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00126130.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fanti, Luciano, and Luca Gori. "Population and neoclassical economic growth: A new child policy perspective." Economics Letters 104, no. 1 (2009): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.03.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Hemmer, Hans-Rimbert. "A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4I (1993): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4ipp.411-431.

Full text

Abstract:

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Sawhney, Upinder. "Slum Population In India: Extent And Policy Response." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 2, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v2i1.62.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>There is an evidence of large scale migration of the rural poor to the cities/towns in search of employment in India, especially since 1991when India adopted Economic Reform Programme. In the absence of any affordable housing , there has been a growth of slums in the urban areas of the country. The Government of India (GOI) has been incorporating certain programmes to alleviate poverty , create employment opportunities and encourage planned urban development in its public policy , yet there has been a fast emergence of slums in the Indian cities due to a number of factors. The present paper aims to analyze certain demographic attributes of the slum population in India , its socio-economic and environmental impact and the public policy response towards the same. It also reviews certain programmes designed by the government to control the growth of slums and the efforts to rehabilitate the slum-dwellers. The data and definition of slums in India are based on the census of 2001, 65<sup>th</sup> round of NSSO and other GOI documents.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

RAHIM, LILY ZUBAIDAH. "Reclaiming Singapore's ‘Growth with Equity’ Social Compact." Japanese Journal of Political Science 16, no. 2 (2015): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109915000043.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSingapore's long-serving People's Action Party (PAP) government suffered from a major electoral setback in the 2011 general election and subsequent by-elections. The high-growth population policy, underpinned by the influx of migrants and foreign workers, has strongly fuelled the groundswell of public discontent and is commonly perceived to have contributed to widening income disparities, wage stagnation, and cost of living pressures. This article attempts to make sense of the PAP leadership's dogged commitment to the high-growth population policy despite the electoral backlashes and policy criticisms by prominent public intellectuals and others closely connected to the PAP establishment. It considers Singapore's high-growth population policy and widening income disparity within the context of the authoritarian developmental state's shift away from the ‘growth with equity’ social compact. The article also examines the impact of widening income inequality and other policy lapses on the legitimacy of the PAP government as the clamor for a renewed social compact based on ‘growth with equity’ gathers momentum in the repoliticized polity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Alonso, Antonio A., Ignacio Molina, and Constantinos Theodoropoulos. "Modeling Bacterial Population Growth from Stochastic Single-Cell Dynamics." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 17 (2014): 5241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01423-14.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTA few bacterial cells may be sufficient to produce a food-borne illness outbreak, provided that they are capable of adapting and proliferating on a food matrix. This is why any quantitative health risk assessment policy must incorporate methods to accurately predict the growth of bacterial populations from a small number of pathogens. In this aim, mathematical models have become a powerful tool. Unfortunately, at low cell concentrations, standard deterministic models fail to predict the fate of the population, essentially because the heterogeneity between individuals becomes relevant. In this work, a stochastic differential equation (SDE) model is proposed to describe variability within single-cell growth and division and to simulate population growth from a given initial number of individuals. We provide evidence of the model ability to explain the observed distributions of times to division, including the lag time produced by the adaptation to the environment, by comparing model predictions with experiments from the literature forEscherichia coli,Listeria innocua, andSalmonella enterica. The model is shown to accurately predict experimental growth population dynamics for both small and large microbial populations. The use of stochastic models for the estimation of parameters to successfully fit experimental data is a particularly challenging problem. For instance, if Monte Carlo methods are employed to model the required distributions of times to division, the parameter estimation problem can become numerically intractable. We overcame this limitation by converting the stochastic description to a partial differential equation (backward Kolmogorov) instead, which relates to the distribution of division times. Contrary to previous stochastic formulations based on random parameters, the present model is capable of explaining the variability observed in populations that result from the growth of a small number of initial cells as well as the lack of it compared to populations initiated by a larger number of individuals, where the random effects become negligible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Oliver, Mikiko. "Population ageing and economic growth in Japan." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 11/12 (2015): 841–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2015-0018.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine how population ageing is related to economic growth as measured by real GDP per capita in Japan. This study is to address the following questions: first, how is population composition by age group related to economic change? Second, how is the dependency ratio related to economic change? And finally, what are the predictions for economic growth in the future? This study answers these questions in relation to Japan. Design/methodology/approach – Regression methods were applied to single-country data for the period 1975-2011. Findings – This study finds that an increase in the 70-74 population age group is associated with a decrease in economic growth, while an increase in the 75 and over population age group is associated with an increase in economic growth in Japan. Research limitations/implications – The relationships that were found in this study do not imply causation from demographic change to economic change. Practical implications – One potential way of promoting sustainable economic growth under conditions of population ageing is to devise a comprehensive policy that focuses on demographic factors. Originality/value – This study analyses population ageing and economic growth in Japan using single-country data by applying regression methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hsieh, Shun-Chieh. "Perturbation Analysis of Population Growth Rates in Taiwan." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (June 22, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8308504.

Full text

Abstract:

The total fertility rate in Taiwan has fallen below 1.3 since 2003. The objective of the study is to use perturbation analysis with census data from 1992 to 2017 to identify which demographic parameters are most important to target for population management. The research shows that the fertility of older ages plays an important role for declining population in Taiwan. From a practical viewpoint, population management policy having a substantial impact on the survival of prereproductive females and the fertility of order females is likely to produce the most dramatic change in population trends. Therefore, the perturbation analysis is useful in understanding the relative importance of vital rates to increase management effectiveness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

FINCHER, RUTH. "Population Growth in Australia: Views and Policy Talk for Possible Futures." Geographical Research 49, no. 3 (2011): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2011.00697.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lee, Ronald D., and Timothy Miller. "Population Growth, Externalities to Childbearing, and Fertility Policy in Developing Countries." World Bank Economic Review 4, suppl 1 (1990): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.suppl_1.275.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Jolly, Richard. "UNICEF policy and perspectives: child survival, population growth, environment and development." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87 (April 1993): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90525-u.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Preston, Samuel H. "The effect of population growth on environmental quality." Population Research and Policy Review 15, no. 2 (1996): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00126129.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Cleland, John. "World Population Growth; Past, Present and Future." Environmental and Resource Economics 55, no. 4 (2013): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-013-9675-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Craig, Maureen A., and Jennifer A. Richeson. "Hispanic Population Growth Engenders Conservative Shift Among Non-Hispanic Racial Minorities." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 4 (2017): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617712029.

Full text

Abstract:

The racial/ethnic diversity of the United States is increasing, yet recent social psychological research has focused primarily on White Americans’ reactions to this demographic trend. The present research experimentally examines how members of different racial minority groups perceive increasing diversity, driven by Hispanic population growth, focusing on downstream consequences for political ideology and policy preferences. Four studies reveal that making Hispanic population growth salient leads non-Hispanic racial minorities to identify as more conservative and support more conservative policy positions, compared with control information. The policy preferences of Hispanics, however, were not affected by exposure to information about their in-group’s growth. Considered in tandem with previous research, the present studies suggest that Hispanic population growth may motivate greater support for conservative ideology among members of both racial majority and minority groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Schultz, T. Wayne, Julie Seward-Nagel, Karen A. Foster, and Vera A. Tucker. "Population growth impairment of aliphatic alcohols toTetrahymena." Environmental Toxicology 19, no. 1 (2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.10145.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Panda, Rajaram. "Japan’s declining population and demographic challenges." Estudos Japoneses, no. 38 (August 9, 2017): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i38p67-80.

Full text

Abstract:

Japan is sitting on a demographic time bomb. The declining birth rate because of changing societal and economic factors impacting on priorities in human lives, and accentuated by a rapidly growing population poses a new challenge to policy makers. The governmental responses have been inadequate and need to be seriously addressed in the interests of the future of the country. Other Asian countries in the path of modernisation and fast economic growth are also falling into such trap. Like in the economic development Japan was the leader that led to the faster growth in other Asian countries, Japan ought to emerge as the new leader in addressing this demographic challenge so that other Asian countries could emulate Japan’s example.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Chambers, L. K., G. R. Singleton, and L. A. Hinds. "Fertility control of wild mouse populations: the effects of hormonal competence and an imposed level of sterility." Wildlife Research 26, no. 5 (1999): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98093.

Full text

Abstract:

We report on a study of confined populations of wild mice in which 67% of females were surgically sterilised to simulate the possible effects of fertility control on population dynamics. Social structure can influence the breeding performance of female mice and, as this may be hormonally controlled, we examined whether the maintenance of hormonal competence by sterilised female mice was necessary to achieve a significant decrease in population size. We compared two methods of surgical sterilisation – tubal ligation, which leaves the animal’s reproductive hormone regulation intact, and ovariectomy, which disrupts the normal regulation of the hormones of the pituitary–ovarian axis. There was no difference in the population sizes produced by the two methods of sterilisation and thus the maintenance of hormonal structure is unlikely to influence the population’s response to fertility control. If anything, the population response to the presence of hormonally competent but sterile females was different from that expected – populations with tubally ligated females had slightly higher growth rates, recruitment of young, and breeding performance, than populations with ovariectomised females. The 67% level of infertility amongst females in the population successfully reduced population size and growth rate when compared with unsterilised populations. This reduction in population size was not related to the level of sterility imposed. Compensation occurred through improved breeding performance of unsterilised females, particularly in the tubally ligated populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Jiang, Quanbao, Quanbao Jiang, Shuzhuo Li, Quanbao Jiang, Shuzhuo Li, and Marcus W. Feldman. "China’s Population Policy at the Crossroads: Social Impacts and Prospects." Asian Journal of Social Science 41, no. 2 (2013): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341298.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract China’s total fertility rate fell below replacement level in the 1990s. From the 1970s the fertility rate declined dramatically, mainly as a consequence of the national population policy whose aim has been to limit birth numbers, control population growth and boost economic growth. Having achieved such a low fertility rate, how will China’s population policy evolve in the future? This paper first reviews the history of China’s population policy since 1970 in three stages: 1970–1979; 1980–1999; and after 2000. We explore the impacts of China’s population policy, including relief of pressure on China’s environment and resources, fertility decline, the unexpectedly high male-biased sex ratio at birth (SRB), the coming shortage of labour force, and the rapid aging of the population, and extinction of racial and cultural diversity. We also investigate ethical issues raised by the implementation of the policy and its results. Finally we introduce the controversy over potential adjustment of the policy, acknowledging the problems faced by western countries with low fertility and the counter-measures they have taken. We offer some suggestions that might be appropriate in the Chinese context.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Lieming, Fang. "Will China’s “Two-child in One Family” Policy to Spur Population Growth Work?" Population and Economics 3, no. 2 (2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e37962.

Full text

Abstract:

The population problem has always been a fundamental, overall and strategic issue faced by the human society. While China’s family planning policy has promoted China’s economic development and social progress, the “two-child” policy failed to receive satisfactory result. Confronted by China’s low fertility rate, efforts must be done from many aspects to spur population growth: establish the National Population Security Council, strengthen the selection and appointment of population policy makers, strengthen the family values, adopt incentive measures to increase fertility, and so on. The “two-child” policy has been carried out for more than three years, and the policy is still facing the test of time. China’s “two-child” policy is still a transitional policy, and the final solution will be to abandon birth control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Myers, Norman. "Population, Environment, and Development." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 3 (1993): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022980.

Full text

Abstract:

We face major and intimately interlinked problems of population, environment, and development. They are so profound and pervasive that they surely represent a uniquescale challenge for Humankind. The issues and policy responses will preoccupy the best understanding on the part of political leaders and scientists alike during the planning process leading up to the United Nations Conference on Population and Development which is to be held in Cairo from 5–13 September 1994.Scientific aspects are to be addressed at an earlier conference that is to be attended by representatives of some 80 of the world's academies in New Delhi in late October 1993. The present paper reviews the principal factors and analyses relating to the three problems, with emphasis upon their interactive relationships. It concludes with an extended list of strategies to reduce both population growth and environmental degradation—twin challenges to be tackled within a framework of sustainable development, to which both will make critical contributions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Jones, Gavin W., and P. C. Tan. "Recent and Prospective Population Trends in Malaysia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 16, no. 2 (1985): 262–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400008444.

Full text

Abstract:

For many years now, the Malaysian government's population policy has included both a growth component and a distribution component. The growth component, adopted in the Second Malaysia Plan (1971–75) and still in force, was the goal of reducing the rate of population growth from 3 per cent to 2 per cent by 1985. The distribution component, first enunciated in a coherent way in the Mid-Term Review of the Second Malaysia Plan, is a strategy for regional development with direct population redistribution consequences. The Third Malaysia Plan (1976–80) elaborated the population situation and goals in greater detail but their broad thrust remained essentially unchanged. The Fourth Plan (1981–85), while maintaining the target of lowered growth rates, emphasized the quality of human resources and was sanguine about the prospects for economic development far outstripping the rate of population growth. Indeed, earlier concern with unemployment had been replaced by worries about the emergence of labour shortages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Siddiqi, Arjumand, and Clyde Hertzman. "Economic Growth, Income Equality, and Population Health among the Asian Tigers." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 2 (2001): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yfxb-e27p-hqdq-04am.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Population growth; Population policy'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles