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1
Wong, Kaufui Vincent. "Bioresources increase as human population increases." Renewable Bioresources 2, no. 1 (2014): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2052-6237-2-2.
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Sánchez-Ramos, Ismael, Eduardo Gómez-Casado, Cristina E. Fernández, and Manuel González-Núñez. "Reproductive potential and population increase of Drosophila suzukii at constant temperatures." Entomologia Generalis 39, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2019/0794.
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Lincoln, Bryan. "Elderly population will increase dramatically." California Agriculture 54, no. 1 (January 2000): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v054n01p55.
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Ulumbekova, Guzel, and Argishti Ginoyan. "Healthcare financing to achieve 78 years of life expectancy in Russia by 2030." Population 25, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.11.
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The article analyzes the dynamics of life expectancy (LE) in the Russian Federation over the past 40 years (from 1980 to 2020), the actual and projected Government spending on health care (2012-2024), identifies the conditions under which it is possible to achieve the national goal set in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2020 No. 474, to increase the life expectancy from 71.5 years in 2020 to 78 years by 2030. It is shown that in the Russian Federation from 1980 to 2019 life expectancy increased by only 5.6 years, and in 2019 it was 4.6 years lower than in the "new-8" EU countries, which are close to our country in terms of economic development, and 8.7 years lower than in the "old" EU countries. Government spending on health increased by only 33% in constant prices from 2012 to 2020, while it decreased by 4% from 2012 to 2018. The increase was provided in 2019 and 2020 due to the funds allocated additionally for the renewal of health infrastructure and fighting the pandemic. In the "new-8" EU countries, government spending on health care was 1.5 times higher, and in the "old" EU countries — 2.3 times more than in the Russian Federation. It has been established that in the Russian Federation, in order to achieve life expectancy of 78 years by 2030, it is necessary that the government spending on health care should grow by 8% annually at constant prices. These calculations are valid only if the following basic conditions are met: GDP per capita growth by 3.5-3.8% in the period 2021-2030, as well as decrease by 2030 in the consumption of strong alcoholic beverages by 45% per capita (without additional funds for fighting pandemic). This level of funding corresponds to 6.5 trillion rubles or 4.3% of GDP by2024. According to the projected public health expenditure for 2022-2024, these funds are not included in the budget. Thus, it will be impossible to solve the most acute problems of the health care system of the Russian Federation: to increase wages and eliminate the shortage of medical personnel, create a system of universal drug provision on an outpatient basis, increase the volume of free medical care, and, as a result, achieve the National Ggoal of increasing life expectancy.
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Katkova, Irina P. "Russian healthcare in the context of achieving universal access to health services by 2030." POPULATION 23, no. 1 (2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.11.
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The article presents the results of an analysis of data from global monitoring systems and international studies for the period 2000-2017, reflecting the trends in our country's movement towards universal health coverage (UHC) and a reduction in catastrophic medical expenses paid by patients from their own funds within the framework of the tasks for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. It is emphasized that for our country it is of great interest to adapt the successful experience of developed and actively developing countries in using targeted integrated strategies for development of UHC programs aimed at giving priority to health in the system of public financing measures. This is confirmed by the data that for the period 2000-2017 against the background of an increase in the share of replacing the missing state funds with cash funds of citizens in the total health budget of our country from 30% to 40%, there was a parallel increase in the number of households, in the structure of the budgets of which the share of health expenditures exceeded 10% of their total financial resources. According to the analysis of monitoring data, the increase in the number of Russian families with this form of catastrophic costs of medical care reached in 2018 the number of 7,532,579 cases with a prevalence rate of 5.23%. These indicators are higher than the data levels for 1997 by more than 2.2 and 2.1 times, respectively. At the same time, the risk of financial catastrophe for families due to the need to seek surgical care in 2018 was noted in 21.3% of cases (WB, 2019). The study emphasizes the importance of scientific assessment of the consequences and prospects for the increased participation of private commercial institutions in implementation of the government program of the State guarantees of free medical assistance to citizens. The significance of such a study is due to the trends of increasing volume of the market for provision of disparate medical services and the need, therefore, to develop optimal intersectoral strategic approaches to development of both the public healthcare system and commercial medicine in the interests of ensuring health and well-being of the population.
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Wetzel, Corryn. "Huge increase in saiga antelope population." New Scientist 255, no. 3400 (August 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)01466-x.
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Fox, Jeremy W., David Vasseur, Morgan Cotroneo, Lilian Guan, and Franz Simon. "Population extinctions can increase metapopulation persistence." Nature Ecology & Evolution 1, no. 9 (August 21, 2017): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0271-y.
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Băncilă, Andi Mihail. "Great Civilizations Population Increase/Decrease Factor." Scientific Bulletin 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsaft-2017-0001.
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Abstract Demographic changes that currently affect the planet are not fully new, they have continued throughout history, managing to influence geographical areas and making changes to individuals’ lifestyle. The phenomenon of international migration has become a topical issue in 2015 with the increasing number of asylum seekers on the territory of the European Union. This special event raised new questions about the socio-economic evolution of the European continent, with problems being signaled both from the perspective of newcomers and permanent residents of this space. The main task that the political authorities of the member states of the community block have over the next years is to identify a solution through which to achieve appropriate and long-term integration of newcomers, many of them belonging to different cultures of the majority population.
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Olesen, Carsten Riis. "Rapid population increase in an introduced muskox population, West Greenland." Rangifer 13, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.13.1.1069.
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In 1962 and 1965, 27 (13 and 14) muskox yearlings were translocated from East Greenland (71°N) to the Angujaartorfiup Nunaa range in West Greenland (67°N). Angujaartorfiup Nunaa is a 6600 km2 icefree, continental area where caribou are indigenous. The climate is strictly continental with a minimum of precipitation but with abundant vegetation. Aerial surveys in 1990 documented that the muskox population has increased to 2600 heads despite quota-based harvesting since 1988. The annual quota was 200, 300 and 400 for 1988, 1989 and 1990, respectively. Distribution of muskoxen shows a significant preference for low altitude habitats southeast of Kangerlussuaq Airport and around Arnangarnup Qoorua (Paradise valley). Annual population increment averages 30% and the calf crop is around 24% of the population. Yearling recruitment in the population reveals that calf mortality during winter is very limited. About half of the 1-year-old females are served and they eventually give birth to their first calf when they turn 2 years old. With half of the 2-year-old females reproducing, the calf/cow ration ranges between 0.9 and 1.0.
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Dolzhenko, Ruslan, Dmitry Antonov, Alexander Evtushenko, and Svetlana Dolzhenko. "Results of using patents in labor activity of foreign workers in Sverdlovsk oblast." Population 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.3.6.
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The patent system for registration of employment of foreign workers in the domestic labor market is one of the mechanisms for their work regulation. Its introduction was preceded by preparatory work, analysis of the practice of using such tools in foreign experience. At present, there have been accumulated data that allow us to evaluate the results and develop solutions for their improvement on the basis of regional data. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of using the system of patents for foreign workers in the labor market of Sverdlovsk oblast, as well as the revenues to the regional budget to develop recommendations for theirs increase. Analysis of data from the Department of Labor and Employment, comparison of expenses and income from the use of patents in Sverdlovsk oblast was chosen as the main research method. The results of the study show that there are reserves to improve the efficiency of the use of patents, as well as to increase tax revenues from foreign workers. According to indirect data, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the number of cases of illegal employment of foreign citizens in the territory of Sverdlovsk oblast and an increase in the number of forged documents (including documents confirming the payment of tax), which negatively affects the effectiveness of the use of patents. There is a need for reorganization of the mechanism for using patents for foreign workers, a closer integration of the state authorities of the region to maximize the effect of the use of this category of labor resources. Consolidation of responsibility for regulating the labor market of foreign workers in one supervising authority requires a separate study, now it is "scattered" over several structures that does not allow them to fully analyze and improve the efficiency of using patents.
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Roberts, Nathan M., and Shawn M. Crimmins. "Bobcat Population Status and Management in North America: Evidence of Large-Scale Population Increase." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122009-jfwm-026.
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Abstract Bobcat Lynx rufus populations are thought to be increasing in North America; however, little information exists on their current population status. In the United States, management and monitoring of bobcat populations is the responsibility of state wildlife management agencies. We surveyed state wildlife management agencies in each of the 48 contiguous states regarding the current population status, distribution, and monitoring protocols of bobcats within each respective jurisdiction. We also surveyed the governments of Mexico and Canada regarding bobcat population status within their jurisdictions. We received responses from 47 U.S. states, Mexico, and 7 Canadian provinces. Responses indicate that bobcats occur in each of the contiguous states except for Delaware. Populations were reported to be stable or increasing in 40 states, with 6 states unable to report population trends and only 1 state (Florida) reporting decreases in bobcat populations. Of the 47 states in which bobcats occur, 41 employ some form of population monitoring. Population density estimates were available for 2,011,518 km2 (33.6%) of the estimated bobcat range in the United States, with population estimates between 1,419,333 and 2,638,738 individuals for this portion of their range and an estimated 2,352,276 to 3,571,681 individuals for the entire United States. These results indicate that bobcat populations have increased throughout the majority of their range in North America since the late 1990s and that populations within the United States are much higher than previously suggested.
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Davitadze, Arsen, and Ekaterina Aleksandrova. "Utilization of public and private healthcare facilities: patient choice." Population 26, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.12.
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Healthcare system in Russia lets patients choose where they want to get medical services: at public or private healthcare facilities. This choice may depend on several factors. According to Andersen’s healthcare utilization model, these factors can be divided into three groups: predisposing, enabling and need factors. The purpose of this study is to identify factors determining patient choice between public and private healthcare providers in Russia. Statistical and regression analysis was carried out using 2019 Rosstat data. We found that men and people from older age groups were more likely to attend public facilities, while people with higher education, employed and living in larger cities were more likely to attend private clinics. Higher income, having supplemental health insurance, and receiving medical services outside one’s city were associated with an increase in probability of using private healthcare providers. Analysis of need factors showed that worse health in individuals was associated with increased probability of choosing private medical organizations, whereas disability was associated with decreased probability of making the same choice.
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Bedanokov, Murat, Evgeny Morgunov, and Sergey Chernyavsky. "The interaction between Life expectancy and gross domestic product by countries." Population 25, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.1.
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The article puts forward a hypothesis about the resultant nature of the indicator "life expectancy"; all other socio-economic indicators of the country's development are significant or insignificant factors. In order to test this hypothesis, the methodology of analysis of the countries of the world was described, an analytical and statistical analysis of life expectancy, gross domestic product per capita for the countries of the world was carried out; and on this basis, an assessment of the impact of real per capita GDP on life expectancy is given using the method of grouping, correlation and regression analysis. It is established that, in general, the relationship between them is positive and has a moderate character. It can be stated that real GDP per capita is an important, but most likely far from the most significant factor in ensuring high life expectancy, and further studies of the factors influencing life expectancy are required. At the same time, it was found that it is worth considering separately countries with high and very high levels and countries with medium and low levels of life expectancy and real GDP per capita, since the statistical relationship of the analyzed indicators in 2020 is somewhat different: in countries where GDP is above $13000, life expectancy is above 75 years, to increase life expectancy by 1 year, you need to increase GDP by $14000, and in countries below these values, an increase in GDP of only $5000 can lead to an increase in life expectancy by 1 year. The study also identified critical values (2020) for life expectancy and real GDP per capita. They respectively amounted to 69.20 years (first quartile), 75.50 years (median) and per capita GDP of $5050 and $13300 respectively. In this regard, it turns out that Russia belongs to countries with an average level of development in terms of life expectancy (LE - 72 years or the 158th place in the rating out of 227), in terms of GDP — to highly developed countries (per capita GDP — $26500 or the 70th place in the rating out of227). The example of Russia is a vivid illustration of the fact that the relationship between life expectancy and GDP is statistical and moderate.
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Vyalshina, Anna. "Types of reproductive orientations of modern students." Population 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.3.14.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the socio-demographic and activity-motivational factors that determine the type of youth reproductive orientations. The object of the study is students of Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University. Formation of the target sample is due to the need to consider the reproductive orientations of young people in conjunction with the desire to live and work in rural areas. The information base of the study is the results of a sociological study conducted by the Institute of Agrarian Problems RAS (216 respondents). The work shows that the cause of the formation of narrowed reproductive orientations is the shift of the value of family and children to the last places in the system of life priorities of this group of young people who prefer to focus on development of individual human capital and self-realization in profession. They are convinced that children are associated with a great responsibility and restriction of freedom, so any measures to increase the birth rate are of little interest to them. Young people with extended reproductive orientations are characterized by child-centric attitudes, with a high value of family lifestyles and traditional gender stereotypes. Most of them associate effectiveness of measures to increase the birth rate with economic instruments and development of a social infrastructure for maternity and child support. It has been found out that the selected typological groups of reproductive orientations of today's youth are characterized by different potential for future reproductive behavior, which leads to differentiation of tools to increase the birth rate for these groups of young people.
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Crespo-Miguel, Rodrigo, and Francisco J. Cao-García. "Predictability of Population Fluctuations." Mathematics 10, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10173176.
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Population dynamics is affected by environmental fluctuations (such as climate variations), which have a characteristic correlation time. Strikingly, the time scale of predictability can be larger for the population dynamics than for the underlying environmental fluctuations. Here, we present a general mechanism leading to this increase in predictability. We considered colored environmental fluctuation acting on a population close to equilibrium. In this framework, we derived the temporal auto and cross-correlation functions for the environmental and population fluctuations. We found a general correlation time hierarchy led by the environmental-population correlation time, closely followed by the population autocorrelation time. The increased predictability of the population fluctuations arises as an increase in its autocorrelation and cross-correlation times. These increases are enhanced by the slow damping of the population fluctuations, which has an integrative effect on the impact of correlated environmental fluctuations. Therefore, population fluctuation predictability is enhanced when the damping time of the population fluctuation is larger than the environmental fluctuations. This general mechanism can be quite frequent in nature, and it largely increases the perspectives of making reliable predictions of population fluctuations.
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Vinokurov, Evgeny, and Natalia Vinokurova. "Supply in the Russian labor market: gender aspect." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.15.
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The article deals with the economic activity of the Russian population both in general and in the gender aspect. The main attention in the work is focused on the relationship between the economic activity of population and wages. The objectives of the work are, firstly, to identify differences in the behavior of men and women in the labor market in terms of economic activity, and, secondly, to test the hypothesis on the relationship between the economic activity of population and wages. The article provides an overview of the factors affecting the size of labor force and the level of participation in it, as well as statistical data reflecting male and female economic activity in modern Russia. Analysis of the labor activity dynamics leads to the conclusion that there are significant differences in male and female behavior in the labor market. The main cause of these differences is the traditional views of the population on the roles of men and women in society. Also the regression equations connecting the level of economic activity with the average real wage are determined both for the population of the Russian Federation as a whole, and for men and women separately. These equations can be considered as modified functions of the labor supply. Calculations have shown that, despite the general linear nature of the dependence of the economic activity level of population on real wages, its growth leads, ceteris paribus, to an accelerating increase in the activity of men and a slowing increase in the activity of women. The revealed low elasticity of labor supply functions indicates that any significant impact on the level of labor activity can only be provided by significant increase in real wages. First of all, the last statement applies to women.
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Kean, J. M., and N. D. Barlow. "Effects of dispersal on local population increase." Ecology Letters 3, no. 6 (July 18, 2008): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2000.00183.x.
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Grossman, Herschel I., and Murat F. Iyigun. "Population Increase and the End of Colonialism." Economica 64, no. 255 (August 1997): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00092.
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FUKUDA, Yoshiharu. "Does the Population Approach Increase Health Inequality?" Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) 63, no. 4 (2008): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.63.735.
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Kean, J. M., and N. D. Barlow. "Effects of dispersal on local population increase." Ecology Letters 3, no. 6 (November 23, 2000): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00183.x.
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Rybakovsky, Leonid, Vladimir Savinkov, and Natalia Kozhevnikova. "Demographic future of Russia in the UN forecasts: "scientific foresight" and reality." Population 24, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.4.2.
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The article provides a brief history of the emergence of demographic forecasts, shows their use by the United Nations, the range of countries for which forecasts were made and are being drawn up, considers demographic forecasts that were carried out during the Soviet era and provides a detailed analysis of demographic forecasts for Russia. In contrast to the forecasts of the population of the Soviet Union as a whole, for Russia they initially began to focus on the downward dynamics. It is concluded that over two decades (1996-2015) in countries with a predominance of the Slavic ethnos (excluding the former republics of Yugoslavia), the population as a whole has decreased to 95.5%, while in countries with a predominance of the Anglo-Saxon ethnos — it increased to 123.8%. The forecasts given in the article are compared with the actual size of the population that has already taken place. Everywhere in countries with a predominance of the Slavic ethnos, the actual population is higher than the predicted, and in countries with a predominance of the Anglo-Saxon ethnos, on the contrary. Comparing the forecasts with the actual population dynamics, the conclusion is substantiated about a noticeable change in the ratio between the two groups of countries united by ethnicity, a decrease in the demographic potential of the Slavic group and its increase in the group with a predominance of the Anglo-Saxon ethnos. In the final part of the work, it is said that the presented rates of change in the population size in 35 years and then in another 50 years, arising from the UN demographic forecasts for 2050 and 2100, as well as the demographic dynamics in the 90s of the twentieth century and in the first 15 years of the new century, indicate that if Russia, like other Slavic countries do not make radical efforts and, accordingly, do not consistently take effective measures to change the demographic trends, then the same thing can happen to Russia as has happened in different centuries to many countries such as Assyria, the Hunnic Empire, etc. The current geopolitical situation in which Russia is, its status as a great power, the country's largest territory in the world, favorable geographical position and colossal natural resources, dictate the need to increase its economic, defense and, naturally, demographic potential.
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Von Schantz, Torbjörn. "Territory economics and population stability—can populations be socially regulated?" Ornis Svecica 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v1.23093.
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Although Wynne-Edwards' group selectionist theory of population regulation was soon rejected, the concept of social regulation still remains in the literature. Here I examine the importance of social behaviour (e.g. territoriality) in population regulation from an individual selectionist point of view. One of Watson and Moss' criteria for population regulation through social behaviour is that the individuals should defend resources that exceed their need for survival and reproduction. This is an analogy to Verner's super territory model which is not compatible with optimality theory. Moreover, the observations that per capita reproductive rate decreases with increased group size has often been taken as a sign of social regulation at the group level. However, it can be demonstrated, both theoretically and empirically, that population rate of increase as well as the population's efficiency of converting resources into reproduction can increase with increased population density in spite of a decrease in per capita reproductive rate. These correlations reduce population stability in variable environments. To be effectively regulative social behaviour must induce a negative correlation between efficiency of converting resources into reproduction and population density. With this background I conclude that the importance of social regulation is highly exaggerated. It is only in a special case that social behaviour can induce population stability in variable environments, viz. in permanently territorial species whose life expectancy exceeds the average time period of the environmental fluctuations.
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de Bruyn, Mark, Malin L. Pinsky, Brenda Hall, Paul Koch, Carlo Baroni, and A. Rus Hoelzel. "Rapid increase in southern elephant seal genetic diversity after a founder event." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1779 (March 22, 2014): 20133078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3078.
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Genetic diversity provides the raw material for populations to respond to changing environmental conditions. The evolution of diversity within populations is based on the accumulation of mutations and their retention or loss through selection and genetic drift, while migration can also introduce new variation. However, the extent to which population growth and sustained large population size can lead to rapid and significant increases in diversity has not been widely investigated. Here, we assess this empirically by applying approximate Bayesian computation to a novel ancient DNA dataset that spans the life of a southern elephant seal ( Mirounga leonina ) population, from initial founding approximately 7000 years ago to eventual extinction within the past millennium. We find that rapid population growth and sustained large population size can explain substantial increases in population genetic diversity over a period of several hundred generations, subsequently lost when the population went to extinction. Results suggest that the impact of diversity introduced through migration was relatively minor. We thus demonstrate, by examining genetic diversity across the life of a population, that environmental change could generate the raw material for adaptive evolution over a very short evolutionary time scale through rapid establishment of a large, stable population.
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Härkönen, Tero, Karin C. Harding, and Mads-Peter Heide-Jørgensen. "Rates of increase in age-structured populations: a lesson from the European harbour seals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-141.
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Behavioural differences among population segments coupled with the transient dynamics of perturbed population structures lead to severely biased estimates of the intrinsic rates of increase in natural populations. This phenomenon is expected to occur in most populations that are structured by age, sex, state, or rank. The 1988 epizootic in European harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) perturbed the population composition radically. Detailed documentation of mass mortality, 20 years of population surveys, and data on age- and sex-specific behaviour were used to quantify biases in the observed rate of increase (λobs.), which in many areas substantially exceeded the "maximum rate of increase". This is serious, since λobs. is a key parameter, for example, in estimating potential biological removal or modelling population dynamics. For populations where the underlying age and sex composition is unknown, we suggest that data on fecundity and survival rates be used to find the upper theoretical rate of population increase. We found that the intrinsic rates of increase (λ1) in populations of true seals with even sex ratios and stable age structures cannot exceed 13% per year (λ1max. = 1.13). Frequently reported larger values are indicative of nonstable population structures or populations affected by migrations.
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Tetelmin, Vladimir. "Energy-demographic history of the modern civilization." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.13.
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The continuous increase in human energy production per caput is accompanied by an increase in the world population. The work considers the demographic history of civilization as a function of the growing production and use of the energy by mankind. The evolution in the «energy-man» system took place relatively safely for the biosphere and a man up to the value of the per caput energy consumption of 11,000 kW*h/year*person that was achieved by civilization in 1950. Modern high per caput energy consumption of civilization is achieved at the cost of the loss of the environment-forming functioning by the biosphere and at the cost of the loss of the psychophysical health of a person. We can see the prospects for development of civilization through analysis of the energy-demographic history of mankind over the past 200 years. The features of fertility and mortality in the world are considered depending on the per caput energy consumption with a forecast for the future. Two limits to the growth of global energy production were formulated in terms of preventing harm to humans. Corresponding analytical dependencies are proposed. To prevent an ecological and demographic catastrophe and ensure transition of civilization to sustainable development, it is proposed to reduce the world energy production to 140*1012 kW*h/year with a decrease in per caput energy consumption to a relatively safe level of 18,000 kW*h/year*person, which existed in society in 1970. After this «step back» civilization will enter a state of relatively safe existence.
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Makar, Svetlana V., Yury A. Simagin, and Aziza V. Yarasheva. "Demographic situation in Russia and social infrastructure." POPULATION 23, no. 1 (2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.6.
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The article considers the main indicators of demographic development of the Russian Federation in recent years in connection with the level of development of social infrastructure. It is shown that the demographic situation in the country is deteriorating, that is due to both subjective and objective reasons. Among the objective reasons, the main one is the change in the age structure of the population, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in the number of women in fertile age. This is due to the acute demographic crisis of the 1990s, «demographic waves» generated by the Great Patriotic War, and other factors. Among the subjective causes of the decline in birth rate, the article highlights the general patterns of reduction in the number of children in families as the level of socio-economic development increases, which are characteristic of all countries of European culture. In particular, the reduction in the number of children is facilitated by such factors as reduction in the share of officially registered families, increase in child support costs, and the financial difficultiesfaced by families with children during economic crises and stagnation. All these cases are typical for regions of the Russian Federation in recent years. Development of social infrastructure — education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems — could improve the demographic situation in Russia. Unfortunately, in recent years, such systems have been degrading rather than developing in Russia. This is facilitated by the system of statistical reporting that does not reflect the actual situation. The article proposes approaches that could overcome this shortcoming of the present statistical reporting system, thereby contributing to the demographic development of the modern Russian Federation.
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Koch*, Thomas C., and Irwin L. Goldman. "Formation of Composite Carrot (Daucus carota) Populations and Early Cycle Selection for Increased Levels of α-tocopherol, α-carotene and β-carotene." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 870A—870. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.870a.
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Carotenoids (provitamin A) and tocopherols (vitamin E) are powerful antioxidants in plants and in the human diet. Carrot (Daucus carota) has been selected for increased levels of carotenoids, contributing to its orange color and reported health benefits. Selection for increased tocopherol has shown success in seed oils, but little progress has been made in the edible portions of most vegetable crops. HPLC measurement following a simultaneous heptane extraction of both compounds has shown a significant (P ≤ 0.001) positive correlation of α-tocopherol with α-carotene (r = 0.65) and β-carotene (r = 0.52). To increase both the tocopherols and carotenoids in plants, 3 populations have been established from select open-pollinated varieties grown in 2002. These populations consist of half-sib families with these differing selection schemes: based strictly on increased α-tocopherol levels; an index to increase α-carotene, β-carotene and α-tocopherol; and a random population in which no selection is occurring. After one cycle of selection, populations were grown on muck soil during the summer of 2003. Compared with the random population, an increase of 24.68% in α-tocopherol concentration was recorded for the population selected strictly on α-tocopherol while increases of 8.47% in α-tocopherol, 9.31% in α-carotene and 7.31% in β-carotene were recorded for the population with index selection. The continuation of these carrot populations shows promise to produce carrot germplasm with improved human nutritive value.
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Rybakovsky, Oleg L. "Russian population reproduction: challenges, trends, factors and possible results by 2024." POPULATION 23, no. 1 (2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.5.
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The article assesses the probability of fulfilling the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in the May 2018 Decree in the field of population reproduction. Each of the tasks outlines the current situation, current trends and the most likely results. Factors that contribute to or counteract solutions to the designated problems are identified. In particular, increase or even preservation of the number of births will be hindered by constant reduction since 2015 in the number of women of active reproductive age (25-39 years), who account for 4/5 of all births [1]. Their number will reduce from 17.9 million in 2015 to 15.0 million in 2024, and up to 12.0 million in 2030 [1]. Reduction in deaths from circulatory diseases and neoplasm will be prevented by: the tendency of population ageing; persistence and impossibility of rapid eradicating bad habits, such as smoking, regular excessive drinking; poor quality of food and alcohol, etc. In addition, in the future, with increase in the life expectancy (LE) in Russia, those, who have been cured of diseases related to other major causes of death, eventually will start dying from circulatory diseases or oncology. It is these diseases that are the leading causes of death in countries with high LE. There are made the following conclusions: it will be actually impossible to achieve the goal of “increasing the population of the country” (set in the Decree) only by reproductive means in the near future in Russia. To solve Russia's general demographic problems (ensuring a positive overall population growth; optimizing the placement of the population on its territory not only in the economic, but also in the geopolitical interests of the state; redemption of the structural demographic wave volatility; etc.), it is necessary to follow coordinated reproduction and migration routes.
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Aganbegyan, Abel. "How to restore the safety of the people of Russia." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.1.
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For every nation, preservation of the people is the most important thing. For Russia this life-affirming task is as important as for no other power due to its specific features. We are talking about the key geopolitical task of our country, since Russia has 17% of the Earth's land. At the same time, Russia's share in the world economy at purchasing power parity is 3.1%, and the population of Russia today makes only 1.9% of the world's population. And a further reduction in the country's share of the world population is highly undesirable. To stop the decline in the population by 2025, and then begin a gradual recovery of its size, three main measures are needed. The first and most significant is reduction in mortality, which in Russia on average with the account of the age structure, is 30-40% higher than in developed countries and 20% higher than in post-socialist countries. The main thing here is to reduce mortality in working age, from cardiovascular diseases and external causes. The second most important thing is to ensure migration growth to Russia up to 250 thousand people per year. The third is to increase the total fertility rate from 1.5 in 2019 to 1.75-1.8 by 2030. It is impossible to improve the demographic indicators and restore the safety of the people in the conditions of crisis and stagnation. But it is impossible to move to socio-economic growth without raising income and consumption of the population. The main condition for preservation of the people is resumption of the socio-economic growth by 3-4% per year that will ensure growth in the real income of the population and final consumption of households, assistance to families with children in order to overcome poverty and, ultimately, an increase in the birth rate.
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Acemoglu, Daron, Leopoldo Fergusson, and Simon Johnson. "Population and Conflict." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 4 (August 21, 2019): 1565–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz042.
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Abstract Medical innovations during the 1940s quickly resulted in significant health improvements around the world. Countries with initially higher mortality from infectious diseases experienced larger increases in life expectancy, population, and subsequent social conflict. This cross-country result is robust across alternative measures of conflict and is not driven by differential trends between countries with varying baseline characteristics. A similar effect is also present within Mexico. Initial suitability conditions for malaria varied across municipalities, and anti-malaria campaigns had differential effects on population growth and social conflict. Both across countries and within Mexico, increased conflict over scarce resources predominates and this effect is more pronounced during times of economic hardship (specifically, in countries with a poor growth record and in drought-stricken areas in Mexico). At least during this time period, a larger increase in population made social conflict more likely.
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Rusanova, Nina, and Natalia Kamynina. "Coronavirus and premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases in Russia." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.10.
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The global trend is currently an increase in mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCD): cancer, cardiovascular, endocrinological, respiratory diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has not stop the NCD epidemic, and gender characteristics, syndemicity, and polymorbidity of them contributed to persistence of differences in the number of years of life lost due to premature mortality among men and women (calculations for 2019 using the DALY method without taking into account the impact of health deterioration due to disability). The main losses from NCD-related premature mortality are connected with neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system, that is fundamentally consistent with the general trend of age-related health deterioration, although at the age of the first five years of the «new retirement age» (65-69 years), there is a «gender reversal» of premature mortality: its share decreases in men, and increases in women. The age dynamics of changes in the number of deaths from neoplasms shows two peaks, one of which is particularly alarming — in children and adolescents, the proportion of deaths from it exceeds the corresponding indicator for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, thus indicating cancer risk to children's health. In Russia, since May2020, excess mortality of the population has been recorded, 40% of which fell on NCD, and 60% — infectious diseases, including COVID-19 as the main or worsening cause of death from the underlying disease. The anti-epidemic reorientation of national health systems has had a significant negative impact on the health of patients with NCD, requiring special measures. At the same time, there is a favorable moment for a breakthrough development of the telemedicine services market, although it is constrained by the current legislation that prohibits establishing diagnosis and prescribing treatment during remote consultations.
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Lukyanets, Artem, and Anna Tyshkevich. "Emigration from Russia to the USA and Canada in the context of the expansion of Russian-speaking communities." Population 26, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.7.
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The article discusses emigration flows from Russia to the USA and Canada. The host countries owe their existence to immigration due both to the economic and geopolitical situation in the modern world. Since the late 19th century a consistently high emigration flow has been recorded from Russia to these countries. The greatest outflow occurred in the last decade of the 20th century, when with the collapse of the USSR the flow of emigrants from Russia to these countries, and particularly to the USA, sharply increased. The increase in emigration has led to expansion and strengthening of the Russian-speaking community that emigrated from Russia to the United States and Canada. In the USA the largest concentration of the Russian-speaking population is in three agglomerations: New York, Los Angeles and Miami. These three agglomerations account for over 35% of all immigrants from Russia. In Canada, with a much smaller immigration flow than in the United States, the largest share of immigrants from Russia is concentrated in such agglomerations as Toronto and Montreal. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, migration flows to the United States and Canada have decreased from all countries of the world, including Russia. This was the result of both the anti-visa restrictions and the termination by the US Embassy in Russia of issuing non-immigrant visas a first, and subsequently, all other types of visas. If in peak 2014 almost 390 thousand border crossings by citizens of the Russian Federation were recorded, then in 2021 only 77.7 thousand. A similar trend is observed in the emigration flow from Russia to Canada. The main part of the migration flow to the United States consists of Russian citizens who have a residence permit or U.S. citizenship, as well as persons who have received visas at U.S. consular offices in other countries.
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YANG, Sung-Kuk, Hyoung-Seok BAE, and Seong-Ju MOON. "An Aging Population Increase and the Stock Market." Jeju National University Tourism, Business, and Economic Research Institute 41, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24907/jtir.2021.2.41.1.55.
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Donnermeyer, Joseph F. "Doubling Time and Population Increase of the Amish." Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 3, no. 1 (May 22, 2015): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/1811/69364.
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Heslop, Benjamin, Antony Drew, Elizabeth Stojanovski, Kylie Bailey, and Jonathan Paul. "Collaboration Vouchers: A Policy to Increase Population Wellbeing." Societies 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8020037.
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Carson, Hampton L., and Robert G. Wisotzkey. "Increase in Genetic Variance Following a Population Bottleneck." American Naturalist 134, no. 4 (October 1989): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285004.
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FINN, ROBERT. "ESRD Population Likely to Increase 60% by 2020." Internal Medicine News 41, no. 2 (January 2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(08)70024-6.
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Schweiger, Alexander, Rudolf W. Ammann, Daniel Candinas, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Johannes Eckert, Bruno Gottstein, Nerman Halkic, et al. "Human Alveolar Echinococcosis after Fox Population Increase, Switzerland." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 6 (June 2007): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1306.061074.
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Fournier, Michael A., and James E. Hines. "Productivity and Population Increase of Subarctic Breeding Canvasbacks." Journal of Wildlife Management 62, no. 1 (January 1998): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802276.
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Dobson, F. Stephen, and Julia D. Kjelgaard. "The influence of food resources on population dynamics in Columbian ground squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 2095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-308.
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Determining the environmental factors that limit the size of populations and examining the influence of environmental factors on population processes (immigration, emigration, survival, and reproduction) are fundamental problems for population ecologists. We conducted an experimental study of population dynamics in the Columbian ground squirrel, Spermophilus columbianus, from 1981 to 1983, in southwestern Alberta, Canada. We supplemented the food resources of two local populations of ground squirrels at different elevations and also monitored two reference (unsupplemented) populations. Population size increased by about 85% annually and population biomass increased by about 94% annually where supplemental food was provided. Reference populations varied in numbers and biomass by less than 40% annually. Because the increase in size of supplemented populations was dramatic, we concluded that food resources probably limited the size of the ground squirrel populations before we began the experiments and that other possible limiting factors were insufficient to check the increases stimulated by supplemental food. Several population processes were influenced by the increased food resources. Immigration of all age-classes was higher to supplemented than to reference populations and favored females. Survival of resident young was higher in supplemented than in reference populations. Reproduction was greatly increased in supplemented populations compared with reference populations, with surviving young residents of 1982 making the greatest contribution to increases in population size. The results were generally similar in the two replicates of the experiment. Competition for food resources appeared to be strongest among yearling and adult females and among young of both sexes.
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Toksanbaeva, Mairash, and Raisa Popova. "Labor resources as a characteristic of labor potential and their structure." Population 25, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.13.
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One of the characteristics of labor potential is the ability to work among its carriers indiv i duals, groups and the population, by which are also studied other characteristics (demography, health, social and economic activity, professional competencies, etc.). On the basis of working capacity is determined the most general indicator of the labor potential of population, namely, labor resources. This indicator is structured according to a number of qualitative parameters. They make it possible to identify labor resources used in public production, as well as unused reserves. Their involvement in labor is becoming relevant in the context of the modern need to increase the self-sufficiency of the economy, and hence, to increase these resources. However, their growth is limited for demographic reasons. To assess the available reserves, labor resources are ranked according to the characteristics of economic activity. In descending order, the categories are distinguished according to their relation to the labor force: the real labor force (employed and unemployed), potential labor force (not employed, but willing to work) and not included in the labor force (not willing to work). Calculations for these categories showed that in 2021, the real labor force dominated in the labor force (85.6%). The potential contingent accounted for a miserable amount (slightly more than one percent), and for those who did not want to work — a little more than 10%. But among those not included in the labor force, more than two thirds of this category were those who had objective reasons for being unemployed, as well as those employed in unpaid but useful domestic work. Factors influencing the structure of labor resources are considered by regions of the Russian Federation. They showed dependence of this structure on the birth rate, aging of the population, internal migration, and, above all, on the parameters of employment and unemployment, which play a leading role among the factors for improving this structure.
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Han, Lijian, Weiqi Zhou, Weifeng Li, and Yuguo Qian. "Global population exposed to fine particulate pollution by population increase and pollution expansion." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 10, no. 10 (August 17, 2017): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0506-8.
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Sukiasyan, Ani. "Managing the reproduction potential of the population of Russian regions based on machine learning models." Population 25, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.2.
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The article is devoted to study of the patterns of development of potential for the reproduction of the population of Russian regions, considering the socio-economic situation in them. The purpose of the work is to identify the factors of socio-economic development of Russian regions that have the greatest impact on the level of population reproduction and to analyze the sensitivity of this characteristic to changes in the state of socio-economic situation in Russian regions. To achieve this goal, the key characteristics of the population reproduction potential were analyzed the marginal rate of population reproduction and standardized birth rates for five-year age groups of mothers for the period from 1990 to 2020.The results presented in the article were obtained in the course of studying the dynamics of population reproduction and interdependencies with the main socio-economic indicators of the regions, assessed by the methods of correlation analysis and machine learning, on the results of testing of which the most informative factors were identified that have a significant impact on the process of reproduction of the country and its regions with the account of the age structure of mothers. In particular, it was found that with an increase in the age of mother, the influence of factors characterizing economic well-being increases when deciding to have a child, while in younger age groups the indicators of social well-being become more important. On the basis of these models, estimates of the sensitivity of indicators of population reproduction and birth rates in each of the studied age groups of mothers were obtained in case of changes in the socio-economic factors. Based on the analysis, there were drawn conclusions about the impact of the socio-economic situation in the country and regions on the birth rates in different age groups of mothers, as well as on the reproductive potential in general.
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SUNG, YIK-HEI, IVAN WAI-LUN TSE, and YAT-TUNG YU. "Population trends of the Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor: analysis of data from international synchronised censuses." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000016.
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SummaryLong-term population monitoring is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts. Systematic surveys of the endangered Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor, the rarest spoonbill species globally, are not possible during the breeding season as the largest breeding grounds are inaccessible to surveyors. Instead, we have examined population trend in this species during the winter by utilising a dataset of synchronised surveys conducted annually across 42 sites between 1997 and 2014. We found that the global population has increased from 535 individuals in 1997 to 2,726 in 2014, an annual increase of 8.0%. Population increases were more pronounced in protected sites and sites with low levels of human disturbance, indicating that control of human disturbance is crucial for conservation in this species. It is of concern that the wintering populations are highly clumped and the two largest populations have ceased to increase since 2012; research to investigate the underlying causes is urgently needed. Synchronised surveys in all known wintering sites should be continued to provide up-to-date data on the global population of this endangered species.
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Smallegange, Isabel M., Isabelle B. C. van der Ouderaa, and Yara Tibiriçá. "Effects of yearling, juvenile and adult survival on reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) demography." PeerJ 4 (August 24, 2016): e2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2370.
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BackgroundThe trade in manta ray gill plates has considerably increased over the last two decades. The resulting increases in ray mortality, in addition to mortality caused by by-catch, has caused many ray populations to decrease in size. The aim of this study was to ascertain how yearling and juvenile growth and survival, and adult survival and reproduction affect reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) population change, to increase our understanding of manta ray demography and thereby improve conservation research and measures for these fish.MethodsWe developed a population projection model for reef manta rays, and used published life history data on yearling and juvenile growth and adult reproduction to parameterise the model. Because little is known about reef manta ray yearling and juvenile survival, we conducted our analyses using a range of plausible survival rate values for yearlings, juveniles and adults.ResultsThe model accurately captured observed variation in population growth rate, lifetime reproductive success and cohort generation time in different reef manta ray populations. Our demographic analyses revealed a range of population consequences in response to variation in demographic rates. For example, an increase in yearling or adult survival rates always elicited greater responses in population growth rate, lifetime reproductive success and cohort generation time than the same increase in juvenile survival rate. The population growth rate increased linearly, but lifetime reproductive success and cohort generation time increased at an accelerating rate with increasing yearling or adult survival rates. Hence, even a small increase in survival rate could increase lifetime reproductive success by one pup, and cohort generation time by several years. Elasticity analyses revealed that, depending on survival rate values of all life stages, the population growth rate is either most sensitive to changes in the rate with which juveniles survive but stay juveniles (i.e., do not mature into adults) or to changes in adult survival rate. However, when assessing these results against estimates on population growth and adult survival rates for populations off the coasts of Mozambique and Japan, we found that the population growth rate is predicted to be always most sensitive to changes in the adult survival rate.DiscussionIt is important to gain an in-depth understanding of reef manta ray life histories, particularly of yearling and adult survival rates, as these can influence reef manta ray population dynamics in a variety of ways. For declining populations in particular, it is crucial to know which life stage should be targeted for their conservation. For one such declining population off the coast of Mozambique, adult annual survival rate has the greatest effect on population growth, and by increasing adult survival by protecting adult aggregation sites, this population’s decline could be halted or even reversed.
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Gnevasheva, Vera, and Chulpan Ildarkhanova. "Do modern Russian women consider themselves lonely?" Population 26, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.3.
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The architectonics of the authors' research reflects the paradoxes of public consciousness concerning the perception of the phenomenon of social loneliness through the prism of the completeness of family and the presence of children. The prerogative of material prosperity in the name of the prospects for future family well-being in the conditions of the modern labor market in some cases results in social loneliness, when the compensating result of a woman's life cycle is professional solvency in the absence of family and children. Social loneliness begins to lose its negative context in the perception of the individual himself, which is expressed in an increase in the proportion of Russians aged30 to 45years who have never been married. The authors reveal women's reflections on the phenomenon of social loneliness in the context of existing family constructs, as well as aspects of the stigmatization of single mothers and children growing up without a father. Objectively and from the standpoint of the interests of the demographic policy of the Russian Federation, postponing important demographic events to later ages increases the risks of social loneliness, expressed in lower chances of starting a family and having children. Subjectively, the segment of people who, according to various indicators can be considered lonely, is an established demographic and social reality and does not feel lonely. The study is aimed at clarifying the peculiarities of women's perception of social loneliness, their identification of their role in society, the significance of their main social positions for them, their wish to be involved in one or another social group. The results of the study are presented on the basis of a sociological survey conducted in the all-Russian format. The sample is characterized as continuous, random, at the last stage nested (one cluster of the sample is selected — women, N=1075). The initial processing of the empirical data provided an opportunity to draw a number of conclusions regarding the value orientations of women and their formation of social behavior in the context of building a professional, family and marital life trajectory. The research focus of presenting the results is on finding ways to minimize social loneliness in public perceptions.
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Sickle, J. Van. "Invalid estimates of rate of population increase from Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) age distributions." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 1 (March 1988): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300016175.
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AbstractSeveral published reports have presented estimates of the rate of increase, r, based on sampled ovarian age distributions from Glossina populations throughout Africa. These estimates are invalid, because an age distribution sampled at one point in time can be equated to a survivorship curve only if r = 0. When such a survivorship curve and a corresponding fecundity schedule are then used to estimate r via the Euler-Lotka equation, the result is a value of r near zero, regardless of the population's true rate of increase. Synthetic sampling from a hypothetical tsetse population confirmed that estimates computed in this fashion are entirely the products of sampling error. Valid estimates of r can sometimes be obtained from an age distribution, using an alternative method, but such estimates are highly sensitive to sampling errors in the distribution.
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Schlanger, Sarah H. "Patterns of Population Movement and Long-Term Population Growth in Southwestern Colorado." American Antiquity 53, no. 4 (October 1988): 773–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281118.
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In spite of considerable fluctuations in the likelihood of agricultural success from place to place and from time to time, the southern Colorado Plateaus show a smooth increase in farming populations between A.D. 1 and 1150. At the local level, however, population curves in this region often register a pattern of short-lived occupations and abandonments that are tied to specific patterns of short-term and long-term climatic conditions. The prehistoric population record from the Dolores area, in the southwestern corner of Colorado, demonstrates how localized population adjustments to climatically sensitive environments can result in long-term population increases. Here, a 600-year history of population increase was maintained primarily through population movements between environmentally complementary places. When that strategy failed, due to a combination of adverse short-term and long-term climatic conditions, agricultural methods shifted from rainfall farming to intensified agriculture supported by water-control facilities.
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Ryan, Peter G., and Robert A. Ronconi. "Continued increase in numbers of spectacled petrels Procellaria conspicillata." Antarctic Science 23, no. 4 (February 22, 2011): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102011000071.
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AbstractUntil recently, the spectacled petrel Procellaria conspicillata Gould was listed as Critically Endangered due to its small population size and ongoing incidental mortality on fishing gear. Surveys at its sole breeding locality, Inaccessible Island in the central South Atlantic Ocean, indicated that the population increased from 1999–2004, resulting in the species being down-listed to Vulnerable. We repeated the census of breeding spectacled petrels during the early incubation period in October–November 2009. Numbers of burrows increased by 55% from 2004–09, with increases in all count zones, and the greatest changes in peripheral populations. Burrow occupancy estimates remained high, averaging 81% during one-off checks. Our best estimate of the population in 2009 was 14 400 pairs, continuing the c. 7% per year increase inferred since the 1930s following the disappearance of introduced pigs. This confirms the rapid recovery of this species despite ongoing mortality on fishing gear. Our results suggest that at least some procellariiforms are able to sustain strong growth rates in the face of fishing mortality when colony based threats are removed.
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&NA;. "OCs increase risk of endometriosis in a selected population." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 763 (August 1999): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907630-00011.
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