To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Population – Lesotho.
Journal articles on the topic 'Population – Lesotho'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Population – Lesotho.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Simelane, Bongile, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The Dynamics of Savings Mobilisation in Lesotho." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper provides a conceptual analysis of the dynamics of savings in Lesotho for the period 1960 to 2017. The study is motivated by the low and sometimes negative savings rate and the declining level of economic growth prevailing in Lesotho during the period from 1960 to 2017. The study analyses the behaviour of savings in Lesotho, using the savings trends for the country ever since it obtained independence in 1966. The study further examines the policies that the government of Lesotho has implemented in order to promote savings in the country. The government adopted a policy on rural savings and credit schemes as a means of promoting savings in Lesotho. The purpose of the policy is to improve access to credit for the rural population. The study has identified some challenges that impede savings mobilization in Lesotho. The major savings challenge in Lesotho is the lack of banking facilities in rural areas.
2
Mabaleha, Mohale B., Pieter C. Zietsman, Anke Wilhelm, and Susan L. Bonnet. "Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Mental Illnesses in the Berea, Leribe, and Maseru Districts of Lesotho." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 7 (July 2019): 1934578X1986421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19864215.
Full textAbstract:
Mental illnesses (MIs) such as anxiety, epilepsy, major depression, schizophrenia, sleep disorder, and pain influence the quality of life severely. According to the World Health Organization Atlas for Mental Health (2014), the formal health sector in Lesotho has only 13.7 mental health workers per 100 000 of the population, which breaks down to 0.1 psychiatrist and other medical doctors, 0.3 psychologists, 4.7 nurses, and 5.2 social workers. Traditional health practitioners (THPs) have always played a significant role in the prevention and treatment of MIs, via utilization of Lesotho’s vast diversity of plants. This investigation aims to determine which medicinal plants are used for the treatment of MIs in the Berea, Leribe, and Maseru districts of Lesotho. A combination of unstructured and semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 27 THPs. They were interviewed about the status of MIs in Lesotho, diagnostic methods, medicinal plants used, and preparation and administration of the herbal remedies in the treatment of MIs. A total of 43 different plant species (indigenous and exotic) were indicated by the THPs as commonly used to treat neurological disorders. With the exception of one unidentified plant, the plants represented 26 families and 42 genera. The most common families are the Asteraceae (9 species), Fabaceae (5 species), and Rosaceae (3 species). The most cited plant species were Morella serrata (Myricaceae) (26%), followed by Xysmalobium undulatum (Asclepiadaceae) (22%), and Afroaster hispidus (Asteraceae) (15%). This survey provides, for the first time, a database of Lesotho’s medicinal plants that are used to treat MIs.
3
Matsúmunyane, Keneuoe, and Dipane Hlalele. "Culture, Religion and Sexual Diversity in Lesotho." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 4 (January 22, 2019): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618824351.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores community dialogues as social interaction in search for sexual diversity in Lesotho, in an effort to influence positive and more directional thinking towards sexuality and sexual behaviour. Guided by queer theory, we firstly explore cultural and religious dimensions defining acceptable and unacceptable sexual behaviour; their influence on attitudes towards the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (or queer) and intersex (LGBTQI) community, leading to their daily negative encounters; and, lastly, we suggest community dialogues as a mediator that influences more positive attitudes and guides acceptability towards this vulnerable population. Three main themes emerged after the adoption of a thematic analysis: there is denial of the LGBTQI existence; stigma and discrimination towards this minority population also prevail; and the LGBTQI population in Lesotho experience emotional and physical attacks.
4
Charity Gomo, Paramaiah Ch, Nthabeleng Joyce Sakoane, R. Machema,. "GENDER AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN LESOTHO." Psychology and Education Journal 57, no. 9 (January 20, 2021): 6522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.3352.
Full textAbstract:
This study applies the Alkire & Foster (2011) approach to estimate gender gaps in multidimensional poverty in Lesotho using 2016 population and housing census dataset. Results show that when using three-dimensions; education, health and living-standards, gender-gaps observed in multidimensional poverty are above 20% in all age groups except for adults implying that females are more vulnerable compared to males. However; when adding the fourth dimension, economic activity that captures employment status leads to larger estimates of male poverty than female. We conclude that overall, poverty seems to be feminized in Lesotho and on average the rural population suffers more from deprivation in all the indicators considered. Two strong policy implications arise from our findings i.e. reduction of the rural-urban poverty gap and gender gap. It is recommended that some serious protective measures to combat poverty should be taken in rural areas to address equality issues to comprehend the Sustainable Development Goals.
5
Moolenburgh, J. D., H. A. Valkenburg, and P. B. Fourie. "A population study on rheumatoid arthritis in Lesotho, southern Africa." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.45.8.691.
Full text
6
Coomans, August, Pieter A. A. Loof, and Michel Luc. "Redescription of Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 and observations on X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995 and X. mampara Heyns, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)." Nematology 1, no. 1 (1999): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199507893.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractX. nigeriense Luc, 1961 is redescribed on the basis of type material and specimens from Ivory Coast; the male of this species is described for the first time. X. nigeriense apud Bos and Loof (1985) and apud Sakwe and Coomans (1993) are both considered to be populations of X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995. A population of X. mampara Heyns, 1979 is described from Lesotho. Some data are given on the juvenile stages of X. dihysterum and X. mampara. Redescription de Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 et observations sur X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995 et X. mampara Heyns, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) - Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 est redecrit a partir du materiel type et de specimens provenant de Cote d'Ivoire; le male de cette espece est decrit pour la premiere fois. X. nigeriense apud Bos et Loof (1985) et Sakwe et Coomans (1993) est considere comme appartenant a X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995. Une population de X. mampara Heyns, 1979 provenant du Lesotho est decrite. Des donnees sont fournies sur les stades juveniles de ces deux dernieres especes.
7
Pavlich, George. "Re-evaluating Modernisation and Dependency in Lesotho." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 4 (December 1988): 591–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015391.
Full textAbstract:
The Kingdom of Lesotho is a small country, an enclave of South Africa, occupying 30,350 square kilometres of highland, ranging from 1,500 metres above sea-level at its lowest point to 3,300 metres at its highest. Although only about 13 per cent of the total area is arable, the majority of the de jure population of 1·5 million are predominantly rural.1 While the climatic conditions of this elevation are not alwaysfavourable to agricultural production, there are some fertile pastures in which sheep and mohair-producing goats graze contentedly.2 But the sanctity exuded by quiet mountain vistas is tempered by the stark hardships which accost many Basotho in their daily lives. The country is said to be ‘poor’ in that it cannot adequately provide for much of its population. Therefore many migrate to work in South African mines rather than trying to eke out an existence from the land or seeking limited employment in the cities.3 There are also others whose daily life revolves around desperately securing, by any means available, food for themselves and their families.
8
Mathieson, Iain, Federico Abascal, Lasse Vinner, Pontus Skoglund, Cristina Pomilla, Peter Mitchell, Charles Arthur, et al. "An Ancient Baboon Genome Demonstrates Long-Term Population Continuity in Southern Africa." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Baboons are one of the most abundant large nonhuman primates and are widely studied in biomedical, behavioral, and anthropological research. Despite this, our knowledge of their evolutionary and demographic history remains incomplete. Here, we report a 0.9-fold coverage genome sequence from a 5800-year-old baboon from the site of Ha Makotoko in Lesotho. The ancient baboon is closely related to present-day Papio ursinus individuals from southern Africa—indicating a high degree of continuity in the southern African baboon population. This level of population continuity is rare in recent human populations but may provide a good model for the evolution of Homo and other large primates over similar timespans in structured populations throughout Africa.
9
Matsepe, Mokone W. "Education as a Gateway to Development: Case of Rural Poor at Thabaneng Village in Lesotho." Journal of Education and Learning 4, no. 4 (November 18, 2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v4n4p168.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The study explores and unfolds the purpose of education in general, its value and the role it plays in helping development of the people in rural areas especially at Thabaneng Village in Lesotho. It reveals that education is the key to development and functions to equip the rural population in Lesotho with knowledge, training and worthwhile skills that are intended to uplift their standards of living in their respective milieus. Education is so vital for the rural poor for it makes them to have critical thinking and reasoning. It further renders them, through participation, to be part and parcel of their own development.</p><p>In conclusion, the paper indicates that the Government of Lesotho launched the Free Primary Education (FPE) to promote the importance and value of Education for All (EFA) that is hoped to promote the development of Basotho especially in the rural areas.</p>
10
Mokotjomela, Thabiso, Ute Schwaibold, and Neville Pillay. "Population Surveys of the Ice RatOtomys Sloggetti Robertsiin the Lesotho Drakensberg." African Zoology 45, no. 2 (October 2010): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/004.045.0201.
Full text
11
Sebotsa, Masekonyela Linono Damane, André Dannhauser, Pieter L. Jooste, and Gina Joubert. "Assessment of the Sustainability of the Iodine-Deficiency Disorders Control Program in Lesotho." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 3 (September 2007): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800310.
Full textAbstract:
Background Evaluation of the sustainability of iodine-deficiency disorders control programs guarantees successful and sustained virtual elimination of iodine deficiency. The Lesotho universal salt iodization legislation was enacted in 2000 as an iodine-deficiency disorders control program and has never been evaluated. Objectives To assess the sustainability of the salt iodization program in Lesotho, 2 years after promulgation of the universal salt iodization legislation. Methods The proportion to population size method of sampling was used in 2002 to select 31 clusters in all ecological zones and districts of Lesotho. In each cluster, 30 women were selected to give urine and salt samples and 30 schoolchildren to give urine samples. The salt samples were analyzed by the iodometric titration method, and the ammonium persulfate method was used to analyze the urine samples. The chairperson of the iodine-deficiency disorders control program was interviewed on programmatic indicators of sustainability. SAS software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results The urinary iodine concentrations of very few children (10.1% and 21.5%) and women (9.8% and 17.9%) were lower than 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L, respectively. At the household level, 86.9% of the households used adequately iodized salt. Only four indicators of sustainability have been attained by the salt iodization program in Lesotho. Conclusions Iodine-deficiency disorders have been eliminated as a public health problem in Lesotho, but this elimination is not sustainable. Effective regular monitoring of salt iodine content at all levels, with special attention to iodization of coarse salt, is recommended, together with periodic evaluation of the iodization program.
12
Kali, Moeketsi. "Causes and Solutions of Poverty in Lesotho." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v3i2.396.
Full textAbstract:
Sub-Saharan Africa is a home of the world’s poorest countries. After more than half a century since independence, Lesotho remains in the list of the poor countries in Sub-Saharan Africa despite the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and Agenda 2063. The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of poverty in the country together with the solutions taken to combat it. The paper asks the following questions: What are the main causes of poverty in Lesotho? What solutions has the government put in place to reduce it? The paper anchors on content analysis to provide answers to these questions. It argues that poverty and its ills remain pervasive in Lesotho because of the government’s poor policies and failure to create job opportunities. The paper shows that the government of Lesotho has closed gender disparity in terms of educational attainment and health and survival. It has also developed a robust social protection system to reduce poverty among the elderly population, people living with disabilities, children, and women in the country. Despite this success, the government has reversed the gains made since 2006 in terms of political empowerment and economic participation and opportunities. Notwithstanding, the SDGs and Agenda 2063 provides a room for the government to reduce poverty in the country by making good on its promises entailed in the two international instruments.
13
Rantšo, Tšepiso A. "Factors affecting performance/success of small-scale rural non-farm enterprises in Lesotho." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2014-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to study the different factors that determine the performance or success of small-scale, non-farm enterprises in Lesotho. Evidence shows that small-scale enterprises in developing countries are confronted with different challenges and problems that make them less viable. As a result, the capacity of small-scale, non-farm enterprises in employment creation, income generation and providing the means of livelihood to the poor people is not significant. In Lesotho, many people who are retrenched from the South African mines are absorbed in small-scale, non-farm enterprises to make a living. However, small-scale enterprises are faced with different challenges. The research findings suggest that factors leading to success/performance of rural non-farm enterprises in Lesotho include gender of the entrepreneur, age of the entrepreneur, ability of the entrepreneur to establish wider social networks, large population/market, availability of communication networks and infrastructure, participation of enterprises in the international market and costs of doing business and competition. In this regard, the paper makes policy recommendations that can be used to improve performance/success of small-scale, non-farm enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyse data. Findings The main finding of the research is that foreign competition hinders the success of non-farm enterprises in Lesotho. The research findings further reveal that enterprises owned by women make the highest turnover compared to those owned by men. Practical implications This study brings in different factors that can ensure or hinder success/performance of small-scale, rural non-enterprises. Originality/value The research paper is of value in that it is the first study in Lesotho that considers different factors that determine business success in relation to employment creation, turnover and profitability.
14
Kopij, Grzegorz. "Range and population expansion of the Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis in Lesotho." Ostrich 79, no. 2 (October 2008): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ostrich.2008.79.2.19.593.
Full text
15
Makafane, Teboli David. "The Ramifications of Bullying in Lesotho Schools." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): p30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v1n1p30.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is based on a bigger study undertaken in 2017. It focuses on the ramifications of bullying in Lesotho schools. A qualitative research design was adopted to probe for in-depth information about consequences of bullying in schools. The methodology employed was the case study approach in two high schools in the Roma Valley. The population of the study was all teachers and students in the two high schools in Roma valley, while the sample comprised six teachers and eight students, who were purposively selected.The study found out that bullying has negative consequences to all parties; perpetrators, victims and bystanders. The finding of the study revealed that bullying contributes to depression and low self-esteem, which can lead to poor school performance and suicidal tendencies amongst the victims and bystanders. The study therefore recommends that Lesotho government should come up with a policy to eliminate bullying in schools and establish programmes directed at teaching learners attitudes, knowledge and skills which they can use to circumvent bullying.
16
Good, Kenneth. "Zambia and the Liberation of South Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 3 (September 1987): 505–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00009952.
Full textAbstract:
The nine member-states of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (S.A.D.C.C.) – Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania, Malawi, Lesotho, Swaziland – are notable for their collective weakness relative to South Africa, and their very wide economic and political heterogeneity.1 Only four, or at most five, have economies whose annual G.D.P. exceeds $2,000 million: two of these, Angola and Mozambique, are under more or less constant attack from South Africa or its surrogate forces, while Tanzania is actually the most remote, physically and economically. At the same time, Malawi, Swaziland, and Lesotho – who are not in the so-called ‘Frontline’, unlike the other six – have rather close political relations with Pretoria, Malawi most substantively since as early as 1966 and Swaziland since 1982.2 Botswana is more independent politically, with a modest G.D.P. and very small population.
17
Motlokoa, Mamofokeng Eliza, Lira Peter Sekantsi, and Rammuso Paul Monyolo. "The Impact of Training on Employees’ Performance: The Case of Banking Sector in Lesotho." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 8, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i2.12812.
Full textAbstract:
Human Resources Management literature regards training as the blood stream of any organization because the success of an organisation to achieve its objectives and goals heavily highly depends on its workforce. For this reason, organizations should invest in employees’ training in an effort to enhance their performance and that of an organisation. Nonetheless, some organizations regard training as unnecessary expenditure and always cut training budgets in an effort to improve their financial standing to the detriment of their employees’ welfare because that action incapacitate staff to adapt to the ever-changing working environment and uncertain conditions on account of, inter alia, rapid technological innovation and organizational change. This study employed stratified sampling technique to draw a sample of 171 employees from a population of 300 employees through self-administered questionnaire to examine the impact of training on employees’ performance, employee’s motivation and job-satisfaction in the banking sector in Lesotho. The findings of the study generally revealed that training not only increases employees’ performance but also positively affects employees’ motivation and job satisfaction within the banking sector in Lesotho. Therefore, the banking sector in Lesotho should regularly allocate resources for employees’ training based on identified skill gaps to sharpen employees’ skills, knowledge and abilities in order to capacitate them to cope with the ever-changing working environment and uncertain conditions and to improve their motivation and job-satisfaction.
18
Kahimbaara, J. A. "The Convolution of Urban Planning with Tradition in Lesotho, 1928–91." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 7 (July 1993): 1003–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251003.
Full textAbstract:
The failure to implement professional urban planning in Lesotho between 1928 and 1991, within the political economy framework of peripheral capitalism, is examined in this paper. During the period under review, legislation was the predominant planning instrument. Spatial urban planning appears to have been effective during the colonial period largely because of the existence of a clear colonial ideology, a small and economically empowered urban population to plan for, and relatively skilled workers. The urban landscape was thus highly simplified and therefore relatively easy to manage. During the period of political independence, however, urban planning was marked by contradictions within the value system of the elite and, consequently, by severely constrained efforts to enact and implement urban planning legislation, lack of a focused development ideology, a relatively large and mostly impoverished national urban population, and a lack of skilled workers.
19
Kopij, Grzegorz. "Population expansion of Swee Waxbill, Red-billed Firefinch and Karoo Scrub Robin in Lesotho?" Bulletin of the African Bird Club 22, no. 2 (2015): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.310196.
Full text
20
Damane Sebotsa, Masekonyela Linono, Andre Dannhauser, Pieter L. Jooste, and Gina Joubert. "Iodine content of salt 2 years after the introduction of the universal salt iodisation legislation in Lesotho." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 6 (June 2005): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041314.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the universal salt iodisation legislation on I levels of salt at household, retail and entry level in Lesotho. We used a multistage proportion to population size method to select thirty-one clusters from all the districts and ecological zones of Lesotho. In each cluster, thirty households were randomly selected and salt samples were collected. Six salt samples from two randomly selected retailers in each cluster, and a total of 107 salt samples from all the commercial entry points in the country were also collected. Lesotho does not produce salt and it imports almost all its salt from South Africa. The salt samples were analysed using the iodometric titration method. The median I concentration of salt was 36.2 ppm at entry point, 37·3 ppm at retail level and 38·5 ppm at household level. At household level only 1·6 % used non-iodised salt and 86·9 % used adequately iodised salt. Of all salt collected at household level, 20·4 % was coarse salt, which was significantly less well iodised than fine salt. The study demonstrates a major achievement in the availability of iodised salt as well as household use of adequately iodised salt. Under-iodisation of coarse salt and non-uniformity of salt iodisation at the production site were observed. Therefore, there is a need for enforcement of the salt iodisation legislation especially at entry-point level to ensure that only iodised salt enters the country. During enforcement more emphasis should be given to iodisation of coarse salt.
21
Makafane, David, and Tankie Khalanyane. "The Micro-Politics of Schooling in Lesotho: Bullying." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 2, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v2n3p191.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>The paper is based on a study undertaken in 2015 to 2017 that explored the micro-politics of schooling in Lesotho, with specific focusing on bullying. A qualitative research design was adopted to probe for in-depth information about bullying in schools. The methodology employed was the case study approach in two high schools in Roma Valley. The population of the study was all teachers and students in the two high schools in Roma valley, while the sample comprised six teachers and eight students, who were purposively selected.</em></p><p><em>The study found out that bullying exists not only during school activities, but even during after school activities that learners are involved in. It was also found that bullying has negative consequences to all parties; perpetrators, victims and bystanders. Findings further revealed that the minority members of the society like visually impaired people, physically challenged and students with poor background are more prone to bullying because most of them do not have power to counteract bullies. The study further found that newly arrived students are the ones who are mostly targeted by bullies under the pretext of being taught the culture of the school. The study also found that teachers view bullying as an act of power imbalance where a powerful person takes advantage of a less powerful or vulnerable person. The study also found that cyber bullying is the latest form of bullying which is more harmful than any other form of bullying. The study also found that bullying contributes to depression and low self-esteem, which can lead to poor school performance and suicidal tendencies amongst the victims and bystanders. </em></p><p><em>The study therefore recommends that Lesotho government should come up with a policy to eliminate bullying in schools and establish programmes directed at teaching learners attitudes, knowledge and skills which they can use to circumvent bullying.</em></p>
22
Bernard Nkala and Phaello Olivia Malataliana. "Examining factors that affect staff performance in Lesotho Correctional Service." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0087.
Full textAbstract:
Staff performance remains critical in every organization’s and indeed country’s’ performance hence factors critical for ensuring high performance must always be interrogated. Using conclusions from survey data from 700 Lesotho Correctional Service employees, the study sought to examine the factors that affect performance, assessing the extent to which variables; leadership style, employee participation, working environment, organizational culture and motivation impact on employee performance. The research sample consisted of Correctional Service employees picked from six departments/units out of 13 using a probability one’s stage cluster sampling design. The subjects were randomly selected from a target population of 1000 employees to understand the factors that affect employee performance. The sample included the civilian staff, senior management, middle management and subordinate level staff mainly to balance views. The use of questionnaires, semi structured interviews and researchers’ observations was utilized to collect research data for analysis. The study reviewed departmental policies and published literature on Correctional and Prison services staff performance, behavior and satisfaction as a theoretical base to endorse study independent variables. Data revealed that work environment was perceived to have the greatest influence on Lesotho Correctional Service employee performance (mean=4.88). Other factors include organizational culture (mean=4.77), employee participation (mean=4.22), leadership style (mean=3.51), employee empowerment (mean=3.67), employee motivation (mean=3.65) and employee training (mean =3.89) indicated as affecting employee performance. The study revealed that the style of management, low salaries and allowances, flawed legislation, lack of appropriate human resource policies, and limited development opportunities affect staff performance. Regression estimation using n450 responses between study dichotomous dependent variable (employee performance) and independent variables; leadership style, employee participation, working environment, organizational culture and motivation proved all the independent variables significant in explaining employee performance. The five independent variables studied explain 67.4% of the staff performance in the Lesotho Correctional Services as represented by the R2. The study recommended institutionalization of the performance reward system, incentivizing ethical conduct to enhance professional conduct amongst the officers, enhancement of team work, pioneering leadership training and revising and strengthening the current performance management system as amongst strategies that can enhance Lesotho Correctional Service employee performance.
23
Neshumaev, D. A., E. N. Sukharev, and V. L. Stasenko. "Modeling the epidemic process of HIV infection in populations with different natural population growth." Journal Infectology 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-115-125.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: to assess the incidence, prevalence of HIV infection and population dynamics in populations with negative, zero and positive natural increase.Materials and Methods: Computer probabilistic modeling by the Monte Carlo method of the epidemic process of HIV infection in populations with different natural population growths was carried out. The parameters that are minimally necessary for such a description are used – population, birth rate, mortality, HIV prevalence, probability of HIV transmission.Results and discussion: When modeling the epidemic process, two main scenarios of the spread of HIV infection in a population without diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive effects were established. With a negative or zero population growth and a random distribution of healthy and infected individuals in the simulated space, the population density gradually decreases. At some point, the probability of contact of the infected and healthy person becomes less than the probability of an infected person to live up to this event. Under such conditions, the complete elimination of the virus from the population is theoretically possible. With a positive natural increase, it is possible to form a stable state in which the periods of increase in population size, incidence and prevalence of HIV infection change in a cyclical decline. HIV prevalence in countries such as Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho has been at the level of 25–30% for many years. In this case, the population steadily grows. Based on the conducted simulation studies, it can be assumed that in these territories an evolutionarily stable balance was formed between the share of healthy and HIV-infected people in which the prevalence does not occur above 30%.Conclusions. The development of the epidemic process of HIV infection is determined by the dynamics of natural population growth. With a negative or zero natural growth and a random distribution of individuals in the simulated space, a complete elimination of the virus from the population is theoretically possible. With a positive natural increase, it is possible to form an evolutionarily stable cyclic balance between the proportion of healthy and HIV-infected people.
24
Edith Moloantoa, Mateko, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Job satisfaction among academic employees in institutions of higher learning." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (October 27, 2017): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-1).2017.03.
Full textAbstract:
The factors affecting job satisfaction of academic employees, with specific reference to the National University of Lesotho (NUL) were analysed. Understanding the factors that affect academic performance is pivotal for satisfactory levels of performance by higher education institutions. Satisfactory working conditions at universities like NUL can provide the impetus to attract well qualified academics. Six areas pertaining to working conditions, relationship with colleagues, access to resources, job security, recognition and advancement were focused on analyzing job satisfaction among academic employees at the National University of Lesotho. A concurrent approach of both quantitative and qualitative techniques was used. The target population of 156 respondents completed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22.0, while thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The findings of the study highlighted salaries as a factor influencing job satisfaction. Further, insufficient financial resources to support teaching, learning and research at the NUL impacted job satisfaction. Over and above dissatisfaction with benefits, allowances, lack of equipment, as well as poor institutional management, there was collegiality with heads of departments, working as a team. The findings are valuable to university administrators and academics to consider for improving job satisfaction among employees.
25
Tremblay, Joshua C., and Philip N. Ainslie. "Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 18 (April 26, 2021): e2102463118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102463118.
Full textAbstract:
Estimates of the global population of humans living at high altitude vary widely, and such data at the country level are unavailable. Herein, we use a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to quantify human population at 500-m elevation intervals for each country. Based on georeferenced data for population (LandScan Global 2019) and elevation (Global Multiresolution Terrain Elevation Data), 500.3 million humans live at ≥1,500 m, 81.6 million at ≥2,500 m, and 14.4 million at ≥3,500 m. Ethiopia has the largest absolute population at ≥1,500 m and ≥2,500 m, while China has the greatest at ≥3,500 m. Lesotho has the greatest percentage of its population above 1,500 m, while Bolivia has the greatest at ≥2,500 m and ≥3,500 m. High altitude presents a myriad of environmental stresses that provoke physiological responses and adaptation, and consequently impact disease prevalence and severity. While the majority of high-altitude physiology research is based upon lowlanders from western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries ascending to high altitude, the global population distribution of high-altitude residents encourages an increased emphasis on understanding high-altitude physiology, adaptation, epidemiology, and public health in the ∼500 million permanent high-altitude residents.
26
Ansell, Nicola, Peggy Froerer, Roy Huijsmans, Claire Dungey, Arshima Dost, and Piti. "Educating 'surplus population': uses and abuses of aspiration in the rural peripheries of a globalising world." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 198, no. 1-2 (December 4, 2020): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.90756.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing school enrolment has been a focus of investment, even in remote rural areas whose populations are surplus to the requirements of the global economy. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in primary schools and their neighbouring communities in rural areas of Lesotho, India and Laos, we explore how young people, their parents and teachers experience schooling in places where the prospects of incorporation into professional employment (or any well rewarded economic activity) are slim. We show how schooling uses aspiration, holding out a promise of a 'better future' remote from the lives of rural children. However, children’s attachment to such promises is tenuous, boosted yet troubled by the small minority who defy the odds and succeed. We question why education systems continue to promote occupational aspirations that are unattainable by most, and why donors and governments invest so heavily in increasing human capital that cannot be absorbed.
27
Weiner, Dan, Sam Moyo, Barry Munslow, and Phil O'Keefe. "Land Use and Agricultural Productivity in Zimbabwe." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 251–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00000173.
Full textAbstract:
Given a continuation of current trends, with increasing population growth and declining food production, Southern Africa (excluding South Africa) which could nearly feed itself during 1979–81, will be only 64 per cent self-sufficient by the turn of the century. Zimbabwe has a particularly important rôle to play in trying to prevent such a disaster. It is by far the most important exporter of food and cash crops in the region, and has been allocated the task of co-ordinating a food-security strategy for the nine member-states of the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference, namely Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
28
Belle, JA, SB Ferriera, and A. Jordaan. "Attitude of Lesotho health care workers towards HIV/AIDS and impact of HIV/AIDS on the population structure." African Health Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2014): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v13i4.36.
Full text
29
Low, Andrea, Kyaw Thin, Stefania Davia, Joanne Mantell, Masebeo Koto, Stephen McCracken, Puleng Ramphalla, et al. "Correlates of HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women in Lesotho: results from a population-based survey." Lancet HIV 6, no. 9 (September 2019): e613-e622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30183-3.
Full text
30
Kopij, G. "Population Densities and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in a Suburban Wooded Grassland in the Highveld of Lesotho." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The mapping method was employed to study avian community structure in relation to rainfall in a town suburb in Highveld grassland in southern Africa. Studies were conducted in two breeding seasons: 1998, with dry spring; and 2001, with close to average spring rainfall. The total rainfall in 1998 was 1254 mm, while in 2001 it was 1445 mm, in both years much above the long-term annual average (866 mm). The avian community remained remarkably similar in both years, both in respect to the number of species (44 in 1998 and 53 in 2001), and dominance relationships. The Simpson’s Diversity Index was high and also very similar in 1998 and 2001 (D = 0.91; 0.93 respectively). In all years, dominant species included the Laughing Dove, Grey-headed Sparrow, Speckled Dove, Cape Turtle-Dove and Common Fiscal. The Southern Red Bishop in 2001 was also in the group of dominants. Significant differences were noted in the overall density of all birds, but contrary to expectation density was higher in 1998, with lower rainfall, than in 2001, with higher rainfall. The proportions of nesting and feeding guilds were similar in both years compared, except for the granivores, which were proportionally more common in 1998 than in 2001. This difference was mainly due to the Laughing Dove and Grey-headed Sparrow. Generally, it appears that the suburban avian community is more stable and more diverse than neighbouring communities in the natural habitats.
31
Low, Andrea J., Koen Frederix, Stephen McCracken, Salome Manyau, Elizabeth Gummerson, Elizabeth Radin, Stefania Davia, et al. "Association between severe drought and HIV prevention and care behaviors in Lesotho: A population-based survey 2016–2017." PLOS Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): e1002727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002727.
Full text
32
Letuka, Ponts'o, Jane Nkhebenyane, and Oriel Thekisoe. "Street food handlers' food safety knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices and consumers' perceptions about street food vending in Maseru, Lesotho." British Food Journal 123, no. 13 (August 24, 2021): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2020-0595.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeFood safety knowledge and hygienic practices by food handlers play an important role in the prevention of contamination of food prepared.Design/methodology/approachThis descriptive survey was conducted in Maseru around the taxi ranks amongst 48 food handlers and 93 consumers using a semi-structured questionnaire for assessing food handler knowledge, attitudes and practices, open-ended questionnaire for obtaining consumer perceptions and observation checklist.FindingsMajority of the food handlers were females (60%) and males constituted only (40%). The mean age was 35.5 ± 10.3 and 28.2 ± 9.9 respectively for street vendors and consumers. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge among the trained and untrained vendors (p = 0040). On average the vendor population that participated in this study was considered to have poor knowledge (scores < 50%) of food safety since they scored 49% ± 11, while 84% of the respondents were considered to have positive attitudes towards food safety. Only 6% of the consumers reported that they never buy street vended foods mainly due to the hygiene issues. The observation checklist showed that the vendors operated under unhygienic conditions and that there was scarcity of clean water supply and hand washing facilities.Originality/valueThis study provides knowledge that was previously unknown about food vending in Lesotho. It has significantly added to the body of knowledge on food safety in Lesotho which can be used to modify policies and structure food safety training for people involved in the informal trade.
33
Senekane, Mpinane Flory, Agnes Makhene, and Suzan Oelofse. "Methodology to Investigate Indigenous Solid Waste Systems and Practices in the Rural Areas Surrounding Maseru (Kingdom of Lesotho)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105355.
Full textAbstract:
Solid waste management (SWM) is the greatest challenge facing environmental protection and human wellbeing in the rural communities of Maseru (Kingsom of Lesotho). A lack of formal waste management (WM) systems in rural areas of Maseru have resulted in different indigenous systems and practices of SWM. Direct observation and descriptive designs will be employed. This is a mixed methods study of qualitative, quantitative and, non-experimental. We obtained data sets from existing official census and statistics of Maseru. We sampled 693 participants from total population of 6917. We received ethical clearance from Research Ethics committee of Health Sciences at the University of Johannesburg, we recruited six field workers. We have preventive equipment (sanitizers, masks, and sterile latex gloves) for COVID-19 infections in place; we have specific design on caps, masks and bags that will identify field workers as they collect data. We will train field workers, administer questionnaires, interview, and observe participants. STATKON will analyse data. The research will share the results with the Ministry of Environment and the community in Lesotho. The results will also be used to educate the rural communities on improved WM. Where weaknesses are identified, mitigation measures can be evaluated and implemented to rectify the negative aspects and improve the systems and practices. The rural communities face challenges such as waste collection services and sanitation facilities and this fact points out that there is a gap in SWM, which favours the existence of indigenous systems and practice of SWM.
34
Prifti, Ervin, Silvio Daidone, Noemi Pace, and Benjamin Davis. "Heterogeneous impacts of cash transfers on farm profitability. Evidence from a randomised study in Lesotho." European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 1531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz050.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of cash transfers on farm profitability by exploiting a randomised control trial for the evaluation Lesotho’s biggest transfer program. We also explore impact heterogeneity by unpacking the ATE into group-specific parameters. We estimate conditional average treatment effects to describe how treatment effects vary with selected covariates and quantile treatment effects to illustrate the variability of effects at different outcome levels. We find that the program had sizable impacts on farm profitability, but these impacts are spread unevenly in the population. The program benefited more those with greater productive potential and had strong distributional impacts.
35
Jessani, Abbas, Mir Faeq Ali Quadri, Pulane Lefoka, Abdul El-Rabbany, Kirsten Hooper, Hyun Ja Lim, Eketsang Ndobe, Mario Brondani, and Denise M. Laronde. "Oral Health Status and Patterns of Dental Service Utilization of Adolescents in Lesotho, Southern Africa." Children 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020120.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to characterize the best predictors for unmet dental treatment needs and patterns of dental service utilization by adolescents in the Kingdom of Lesotho, Southern Africa. A self-reported 40-item oral health survey was administered, and clinical oral examinations were conducted in public schools in Maseru from August 10 to August 25, 2016. Associations between psychosocial factors with oral health status and dental service utilization were evaluated using simple, bivariate, and multivariate regressions. Five hundred and twenty-six survey responses and examinations were gathered. The mean age of student participants was 16.4 years of age, with a range between 12 and 19 years of age. More than two thirds (68%; n = 355) of participants were female. The majority reported their quality of life (84%) and general health to be good/excellent (81%). While 95% reported that oral health was very important, only 11% reported their personal dental health as excellent. Three percent reported having a regular family dentist, with the majority (85%) receiving dental care in a hospital or medical clinic setting; only 14% had seen a dental professional within the previous two years. The majority of participants did not have dental insurance (78%). Clinical examination revealed tooth decay on 30% of mandibular and maxillary molars; 65% had some form of gingivitis. In multivariate analysis, not having dental education and access to a regular dentist were the strongest predictors of not visiting a dentist within the last year. Our results suggest that access to oral health care is limited in Lesotho. Further patient oral health education and regular dental care may make an impact on this population.
36
Kopij, G. "Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-Spot’ Area in Southern Africa." Vestnik Zoologii 47, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2013-0024.
Full textAbstract:
During the year 1999-2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy vegetation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length of transects - 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were recorded. Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis and Cisticola fulvicapilla. Together they comprised 41.4 % of all breeding pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9 %). Granivores were the most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0 % of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species; 32.3 %) and frugivores (11 species; 17.4 %). The most numerous nesting guild were shrub/tree nesting birds (47.2 %). Proportions for some congereric species were calculated. The bushy vegetation is characterized by high species diversity and relatively high population densities of some species.
37
Wright, Caradee Y., D. Jean du Preez, Danielle A. Millar, and Mary Norval. "The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer and Public Health Strategies for Its Prevention in Southern Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031017.
Full textAbstract:
Skin cancer is a non-communicable disease that has been underexplored in Africa, including Southern Africa. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important, potentially modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The countries which comprise Southern Africa are Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland. They differ in population size and composition and experience different levels of solar UVR. Here, the epidemiology and prevalence of skin cancer in Southern African countries are outlined. Information is provided on skin cancer prevention campaigns in these countries, and evidence sought to support recommendations for skin cancer prevention, especially for people with fair skin, or oculocutaneous albinism or HIV-AIDS who are at the greatest risk. Consideration is given to the possible impacts of climate change on skin cancer in Southern Africa and the need for adaptation and human behavioural change is emphasized.
38
Jessani, Abbas, Jonghm Choi, Abdul El-Rabbany, Pulane Lefoka, Mir Faeq Ali Quadri, and Denise M. Laronde. "Oral Health and Psychosocial Predictors of Quality of Life and General Well-Being among Adolescents in Lesotho, Southern Africa." Children 8, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8070582.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Adolescents’ quality of life is reported to be significantly associated with physical and social wellbeing. Although adolescents are 30% of the Southern African population, no previous studies have focused on this group in relation to oral health and quality of life. Methods: A 40-item survey and clinical oral examinations were conducted in public schools in Maseru from 10 to 25 August 2016. Simple, bivariate, and multivariate regressions were used to evaluate the associations of oral health and psychosocial factors with self-reported general health status and quality of life. Results: A total of 526 participants, aged 12–19 years old, responded to the survey and participated in the clinical examinations. The majority reported a good (good/very good/excellent) quality of life (84%) and general health (81%). Bivariate results showed that self-reported general health in this population was significantly influenced by age. The presence of toothache and sensitivity in the adolescents were significantly associated with poor (fair/poor) self-reported general health and were found to be the best predictors for self-general health and quality of life. Conclusions: The absence of dental conditions such as toothache and tooth sensitivity can lead to a better perception of general health and Quality of Life in adolescents.
39
Mason, John B., Adam Bailes, Karen E. Mason, Olivia Yambi, Urban Jonsson, Claudia Hudspeth, Peter Hailey, Andrea Kendle, Dominique Brunet, and Pierre Martel. "AIDS, drought, and child malnutrition in southern Africa." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 6 (September 2005): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005726.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate trends in child malnutrition in six countries in southern Africa, in relation to the HIV epidemic and drought in crop years 2001/2 and 2002/3.DesignEpidemiological analysis of sub-national and national surveys with related data.SettingData from Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, compiled and analysed under UNICEF auspices.SubjectsSecondary data: children 0–5 years for weight-for-age; HIV prevalence data from various sources especially antenatal clinic surveillance.ResultsChild nutritional status as measured by prevalence of underweight deteriorated from 2001 onwards in all countries except Lesotho, with very substantial increases in some provinces/districts (e.g. from 5 to 20% in Maputo (Mozambique, 1997–2002), 17 to 32% in Copperbelt (Zambia, 1999–2001/2) and 11 to 26% in Midlands province (Zimbabwe, 1999–2002)). Greater deterioration in underweight occurred in better-off areas. Areas with higher HIV/AIDS prevalences had (so far) lower malnutrition rates (and infant mortality rates), presumably because more modern areas – with greater reliance on trade and wage employment – have more HIV/AIDS. Areas with higher HIV/AIDS showed more deterioration in child nutrition. A significant area-level interaction was found of HIV/AIDS with the drought period, associated with particularly rapid deterioration in nutritional status.ConclusionsFirst, the most vulnerable may be households in more modern areas, nearer towns, to whom resources need to be directed. Second, the causes of this vulnerability need to be investigated. Third, HIV/AIDS amplifies the effect of drought on nutrition, so rapid and effective response will be crucial if drought strikes again. Fourth, expanded nutritional surveillance is now needed to monitor and respond to deteriorating trends. Finally, with or without drought, new means are needed of bringing help, comfort and assistance to the child population.
40
Taylor, Peter J., Christiane Denys, and Fenton P. D. (Woody) Cotterill. "Taxonomic anarchy or an inconvenient truth for conservation? Accelerated species discovery reveals evolutionary patterns and heightened extinction threat in Afro-Malagasy small mammals." Mammalia 83, no. 4 (July 26, 2019): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0031.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe respond to recent criticisms of supposed “taxonomic anarchy” which is said to hamper conservation efforts. Using examples from African small mammals, we document recent increases of 13% (rodents) and 18% (bats) over the past three decades in the number of recognized species of Afro-Malagasy rodents and bats. By reference to a number of case studies involving Afro-Malagasy taxa (predominantly from montane habitats), and a suggested four-criterion approach to delimiting species accurately, we show that these increases are a genuine reflection of speciation in cryptic species complexes. Moreover, we show that some of these cryptic species are subject to increased extinction risks due to small population size and anthropogenic changes (habitat degradation and climate change). These changes were captured accurately in a recent Mammal Red List of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, indicating that taxonomists and conservationists can work together to assess the Red List status of cryptic species based on robust taxonomic revisions.
41
LEE, ALAN T. K., RES ALTWEGG, and PHOEBE BARNARD. "Estimating conservation metrics from atlas data: the case of southern African endemic birds." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 3 (March 2, 2017): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000307.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe robust assessment of conservation status increasingly requires population metrics for species that may be little-researched, with no prospect of immediate improvement, but for which citizen science atlas data may exist. We explore the potential for bird atlas data to generate population metrics of use in red data assessment, using the endemic and near-endemic birds of southern Africa. This region, defined here as South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, is home to a large number of endemic bird species and an active atlas project. The Southern African Bird Atlas Projects (SABAP) 1 and 2 are large-scale citizen science data sets, consisting of hundreds of thousands of bird checklists and > 10 million bird occurrence records on a grid across the subcontinent. These data contain detailed information on species’ distributions and population change. For conservationists, metrics that guide decisions on the conservation status of a species for red listing can be obtained from SABAP, including range size, range change, population change, and range connectivity (fragmentation). We present a range of conservation metrics for these bird species, focusing on population change metrics together with an associated statistical confidence metric. Population change metrics correlate with change metrics calculated from dynamic occupancy modelling for a set of 191 common species. We identify four species with neither international nor local threatened status, yet for which bird atlas data suggest alarming declines, and two species with threatened status for which our metrics suggest could be reconsidered. A standardised approach to deciding the conservation status of a species is useful so that charismatic or flagship species do not receive disproportionate attention, although ultimately conservation status of any species must always be a consultative process.
42
Baral, Stefan, Darrin Adams, Judith Lebona, Bafokeng Kaibe, Puleng Letsie, Relebohile Tshehlo, Andrea Wirtz, and Chris Beyrer. "A cross-sectional assessment of population demographics, HIV risks and human rights contexts among men who have sex with men in Lesotho." Journal of the International AIDS Society 14, no. 1 (January 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-14-36.
Full text
43
Carrasco, Maria A., Joseph G. Rosen, Limpho Maile, Robert Manda, Anouk Amzel, and Valerian Kiggundu. "Medically, Traditionally, and Dually Circumcised Men in Lesotho: Population-Based Measurements of HIV/STI Infections, Sexual Risk Behaviors, and Service Use Patterns." AIDS and Behavior 24, no. 7 (January 11, 2020): 2112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02776-2.
Full text
44
Muntingh, Lukas M. "Africa, Prisons and COVID-19." Journal of Human Rights Practice 12, no. 2 (July 2020): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huaa031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Africa’s prisons are a long-standing concern for rights defenders given the prevalence of rights abuses, overcrowding, poor conditions of detention and the extent to which the criminal justice system is used to target the poor. The paper surveys 24 southern and east African countries within the context of COVID-19. Between 5 March and 15 April 2020 COVID-19 had spread to 23 southern and east African countries, except Lesotho. The overwhelming majority of these countries imposed general restrictions on their populations from March 2020 and nearly all restricted visits to prisons to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The pandemic and government responses demonstrated the importance of reliable and up to date data on the prison population, and any confined population, as it became evident that such information is sorely lacking. The World Health Organization recommended the release of prisoners to ease congestion, a step supported by the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture. However, the lack of data and the particular African context pose some questions about the desirability of such a move. The curtailment of prison visits by external persons also did away with independent oversight even in states parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT). In the case of South Africa, prison monitors were not listed in the ensuing legislation as part of essential services and thus were excluded from access to prisons. In the case of Mozambique, it was funding being placed on hold by the donor community that prevented the Human Rights Commission from visiting prisons. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted long-standing systemic problems in Africa’s prisons. Yet African states have remained remarkably reluctant to engage in prison reform, despite the fact that poorly managed prisons pose a significant threat to general public health care.
45
Lloyd, B. J., D. C. Wheeler, and M. Pardon. "The Relationship between Water-Related Disease and Water Quality with Particular Reference to Urban Water Supply in a Developing Country." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1989): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0260.
Full textAbstract:
The problems of urban water supply and water related disease in the Americas are examined in the context of population growth and geographical features. The debate concerning the transmission of potentially water-borne pathogens is discussed. The factors affecting the quality of water supply services in a large metropolitan area (Lima) are described and the epidemiological characteristics of water-related disease summarised and compared with data from Africa (Lesotho). A water quality additive index is proposed in order to identify the level of risk for each metropolitan district. This incorporates the presence of faecal coliforms and the absence of chlorine residual. A water-related disease product index (DPI) is also proposed which incorporates the incidence of typhoid, hepatitis and diarrhoea. The indices were matched for all districts, where adequate data were available, and a strong correlation was noted. The water quality index was divided into categories (A,B,C) and it was observed that these were generally dependent upon the water supply service levels. It is concluded that disinfection control is grossly deficient in most developing countries but essential for the control of water-borne disease.
46
Low, Andrea, Chloe Teasdale, Kristin Brown, Danielle T. Barradas, Owen Mugurungi, Karam Sachathep, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, et al. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adolescents and Mode of Transmission in Southern Africa: A Multinational Analysis of Population-Based Survey Data." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Adolescents aged 10–19 years living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (ALHIV), both perinatally infected adolescents (APHIV) and behaviorally infected adolescents (ABHIV), are a growing population with distinct care needs. We characterized the epidemiology of HIV in adolescents included in Population-based HIV Impact Assessments (2015–2017) in Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Eswatini, and Lesotho. Methods Adolescents were tested for HIV using national rapid testing algorithms. Viral load (VL) suppression (VLS) was defined as VL <1000 copies/mL, and undetectable VL (UVL) as VL <50 copies/mL. Recent infection (within 6 months) was measured using a limiting antigen avidity assay, excluding adolescents with VLS or with detectable antiretrovirals (ARVs) in blood. To determine the most likely mode of infection, we used a risk algorithm incorporating recency, maternal HIV and vital status, history of sexual activity, and age at diagnosis. Results HIV prevalence ranged from 1.6% in Zambia to 4.8% in Eswatini. Of 707 ALHIV, 60.9% (95% confidence interval, 55.3%–66.6%) had HIV previously diagnosed, and 47.1% (41.9%–52.3%) had VLS. Our algorithm estimated that 72.6% of ALHIV (485 of 707) were APHIV, with HIV diagnosed previously in 69.5% of APHIV and 39.4% of ABHIV, and with 65.3% of APHIV and 33.5% of ABHIV receiving ARV treatment. Only 67.2% of APHIV and 60.5% of ABHIV receiving ARVs had UVL. Conclusions These findings suggest that two-thirds of ALHIV were perinatally infected, with many unaware of their status. The low prevalence of VLS and UVL in those receiving treatment raises concerns around treatment effectiveness. Expansion of opportunities for HIV diagnoses and the optimization of treatment are imperative.
47
Maredza, Andrew. "The Trade-Off between Banking Outreach And Profitability: Evidence From selected South African Development Countries." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i1.9032.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the fixed effects method known as the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) technique was applied to investigate the possibility of a trade-off between bank profitability indicators and banking outreach (expanding access to banking services) by analysing a panel of 10 South African Development Countries (SADC). Of the fifteen SADC member countries (Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic Of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, United Republic Of Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), five (Botswana, Congo, Lesotho, Malawi and Zimbabwe) had to be excluded for lack of consistent data throughout our period of analysis. The author investigates whether expanding banking access and pursuing profitability are complementary goals in the same direction or are two conflicting goals. For estimation robustness, two indicators of profitability were used namely return on average assets (ROAA) and return on average equity (ROAE). IMF Financial Access Survey (FAS) data for each country namely, deposit accounts per capita and the number of bank branches per 1000 km2 were used as indicators of bank outreach or access. Operational inefficiency, insolvency risk and credit risk were found to exert a negative impact on both ROA and ROE. Net interest margin a proxy for interest based services and off-balance sheet activities were statistically significant and positively related with bank profitability. Central to the study was that expanding banking access was found to exert a statistically significant and positive impact on profitability for some SADC countries. However, contrary to the author`s expectation, for some countries, the indicator of outreach was inversely related with the chosen indicators of profitability. The researcher however, argues that any form of intervention aimed at improving the state of access to those financially excluded cannot be evaluated from a cost or profit perspective alone but must be all-inclusive taking into account the social and economic benefits to the society as a whole. The major purpose of financial inclusion is to reach the poor and disadvantaged segments of the population. Hence, the author cautions that although attaining high profitability is an important policy objective for ensuring sustainability and financial stability, it is certainly not the only priority. Access to banking services, social inclusion and consumer protection are equally important policy priorities. There is therefore need for government support and a general holistic stakeholder approach to the problem of banking exclusion in order to generate solutions that achieve both profitability and outreach in a balanced fashion.
48
Lloyd, B. J., D. C. Wheeler, and M. Pardon. "The Relationship between Water-Related Disease and Water Quality with Particular Reference to Urban Water Supply in a Developing Country*." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0107.
Full textAbstract:
The problems of urban water supply and water related disease in the Americas are examined in the context of population growth and geographical features. The debate concerning the transmission of potentially water-borne pathogens is discussed. The factors affecting the quality of water supply services in a large metropolitan area (Lima) are described and the epidemiological characteristics of water-related disease summarised and compared with data from Africa (Lesotho). A water quality additive index is proposed in order to identify the level of risk for each metropolitan district. This incorporates the presence of faecal coliforms and the absence of chlorine residual. A water-related disease product index (DPI) is also proposed which incorporates the incidence of typhoid, hepatitis and diarrhoea. The indices were matched for all districts, where adequate data were available, and a strong correlation was noted. The water quality index was divided into categories (A,B,C) and it was observed that these were generally dependent upon the water supply service levels. It is concluded that disinfection control is grossly deficient in most developing countries but essential for the control of water-borne disease. * The full version of this article will appear in Water Science and Technology, 21(6/7), 579-591 (1989).
49
Maja, Lineo, Thabiso Masia, Kabelo Binyane, and Maseabata Ramathebane. "ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING IN DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN TERMS OF PATIENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR MEDICATION, DISEASE STATE AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS BY PHARMACY PERSONNEL AT LDF CLINIC IN MASERU." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i3.24291.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To investigate if diabetic and hypertensive patients were being adequately counselled by pharmacy personnel about their medication, disease states and lifestyle modifications at Lesotho defence force (LDF) clinic in Maseru.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic and hypertensive patients treated at LDF clinic in Maseru from March to May 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a face-to-face interview with patients. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to analyse collected data.Results: The study population consisted of 222 participants; 22 (28.2%) of diabetic. respondents had inadequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus complications and 56 (71.8%) had no knowledge of complications. 153 (78.8%) of hypertensive respondents had inadequate knowledge of hypertension complications and 33 (17.1%) had no knowledge of complications. 56 (25.2%) had adequate knowledge of lifestyle modifications of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and 164 (73.9%) had inadequate knowledge. 182 (82.0%) had adequate knowledge of their anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medicines names, 20 (9.0%) had inadequate knowledge and 20 (9.0%) had no knowledge. 63 (28.4%) had adequate knowledge of their medicines strengths, 17 (7.7%) had inadequate knowledge and 142 (64.0%) had no knowledge. 199 (89.6%) respondents had adequate knowledge of dosing frequency and 20 (9.0%) had inadequate knowledge.Conclusion: Hypertensive and diabetic patients’ knowledge about medication, disease states and lifestyle modifications were inadequate due to poor patient counselling on such aspects by pharmacy personnel at LDF clinic in Maseru.
50
Tamele, Isidro José, and Vitor Vasconcelos. "Microcystin Incidence in the Drinking Water of Mozambique: Challenges for Public Health Protection." Toxins 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060368.
Full textAbstract:
Microcystins (MCs) are cyanotoxins produced mainly by freshwater cyanobacteria, which constitute a threat to public health due to their negative effects on humans, such as gastroenteritis and related diseases, including death. In Mozambique, where only 50% of the people have access to safe drinking water, this hepatotoxin is not monitored, and consequently, the population may be exposed to MCs. The few studies done in Maputo and Gaza provinces indicated the occurrence of MC-LR, -YR, and -RR at a concentration ranging from 6.83 to 7.78 µg·L−1, which are very high, around 7 times above than the maximum limit (1 µg·L−1) recommended by WHO. The potential MCs-producing in the studied sites are mainly Microcystis species. These data from Mozambique and from surrounding countries (South Africa, Lesotho, Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania) evidence the need to implement an operational monitoring program of MCs in order to reduce or avoid the possible cases of intoxications since the drinking water quality control tests recommended by the Ministry of Health do not include an MC test. To date, no data of water poisoning episodes recorded were associated with MCs presence in the water. However, this might be underestimated due to a lack of monitoring facilities and/or a lack of public health staff trained for recognizing symptoms of MCs intoxication since the presence of high MCs concentration was reported in Maputo and Gaza provinces.