Relevant bibliographies by topics / Population – Nouakchott (Mauritanie)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Population – Nouakchott (Mauritanie)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Population – Nouakchott (Mauritanie)"

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d'Hont, Olivier. "La population des quartiers spontanés de Nouakchott ou « Kébé » (Mauritanie)." Cahiers d'outre-mer 42, no. 165 (1989): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1989.3291.

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Ba, Hampate, Sarah Auburn, Christopher G. Jacob, Sonia Goncalves, Craig W. Duffy, Lindsay B. Stewart, Ric N. Price, et al. "Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): e0008945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008945.

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Background Plasmodium vivax has been recently discovered as a significant cause of malaria in Mauritania, although very rare elsewhere in West Africa. It has not been known if this is a recently introduced or locally remnant parasite population, nor whether the genetic structure reflects epidemic or endemic transmission. Methodology/Principal findings To investigate the P. vivax population genetic structure in Mauritania and compare with populations previously analysed elsewhere, multi-locus genotyping was undertaken on 100 clinical isolates, using a genome-wide panel of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plus seven SNPs in drug resistance genes. The Mauritanian P. vivax population is shown to be genetically diverse and divergent from populations elsewhere, indicated consistently by genetic distance matrix analysis, principal components analyses, and fixation indices. Only one isolate had a genotype clearly indicating recent importation, from a southeast Asian source. There was no linkage disequilibrium in the local parasite population, and only a small number of infections appeared to be closely genetically related, indicating that there is ongoing genetic recombination consistent with endemic transmission. The P. vivax diversity in a remote mining town was similar to that in the capital Nouakchott, with no indication of local substructure or of epidemic population structure. Drug resistance alleles were virtually absent in Mauritania, in contrast with P. vivax in other areas of the world. Conclusions/Significance The molecular epidemiology indicates that there is long-standing endemic transmission that will be very challenging to eliminate. The virtual absence of drug resistance alleles suggests that most infections have been untreated, and that this endemic infection has been more neglected in comparison to P. vivax elsewhere.
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RISSMANN, M., M. EIDEN, B. O. EL MAMY, K. ISSELMOU, B. DOUMBIA, U. ZIEGLER, T. HOMEIER-BACHMANN, B. YAHYA, and M. H. GROSCHUP. "Serological and genomic evidence of Rift Valley fever virus during inter-epidemic periods in Mauritania." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 5 (December 28, 2016): 1058–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816003022.

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SUMMARYRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen of major concern throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, affecting both livestock and humans. In the past recurrent epidemics were reported in Mauritania and studies focused on the analysis of samples from affected populations during acute outbreaks. To verify characteristics and presence of RVFV during non-epidemic periods we implemented a multi-stage serological and molecular analysis. Serum samples of small ruminants, cattle and camels were obtained from Mauritania during an inter-epidemic period in 2012–2013. This paper presents a comparative analysis of potential variations and shifts of antibody presence and the capability of inter-epidemic infections in Mauritanian livestock. We observed distinct serological differences between tested species (seroprevalence: small ruminants 3·8%, cattle 15·4%, camels 32·0%). In one single bovine from Nouakchott, a recent RVF infection could be identified by the simultaneous detection of IgM antibodies and viral RNA. This study indicates the occurrence of a low-level enzootic RVFV circulation in livestock in Mauritania. Moreover, results indicate that small ruminants can preferably act as sentinels for RVF surveillance.
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Gómez, Diego, Pablo Salvador, Julia Sanz, Carlos Casanova, and Jose Casanova. "Detecting Areas Vulnerable to Sand Encroachment Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Nouakchott, Mauritania." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101541.

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Sand dune advances poses a major threat to inhabitants and local authorities in the area of Nouakchott, Mauritania. Despite efforts to control dune mobility, accurate and adequate local studies are still needed to tackle sand encroachment. We have developed a Sand Dune Encroachment Vulnerability Index (SDEVI) to assess Nouakchott’s vulnerability to sand dune encroachment. Said index is based on the geo-physical characteristics of the area (wind direction and intensity, slope and surface height, land use, vegetation or soil properties) with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques that can support local authorities and decision-makers in implementing preventive measures or reducing impact on the population and urban infrastructures. In order to validate this new index, we use two remote sensing approaches: optical-Sentinel 2 and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)–Sentinel 1 data. Results show that the greatest vulnerability is located in the north-eastern part of Nouakchott, where local conditions favor the advance of sand in the city, although medium to high values are also found in the eastern part. Optical images enabled us to distinguish desert sand using the ratio between near infrared/blue bands, and SAR Coherence Change Detection (CCD) imagery was used to assess the degree of stability of those sand bodies. The nature of the SDEVI index allows us to currently assess which areas are vulnerable to sand encroachment since we use long data records. Nevertheless, optical and SAR remote sensing allow sand evolution to be monitored on a near real-time basis.
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Djigo, Oum Kelthoum Mamadou, Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem, Sileye Mamadou Diallo, Mohamed Abdallahi Bollahi, Boushab Mohamed Boushab, Aymeric Garre, Nasserdine Papa Mze, Leonardo Basco, Sébastien Briolant, and Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary. "Molecular Epidemiology of G6PD Genotypes in Different Ethnic Groups Residing in Saharan and Sahelian Zones of Mauritania." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080931.

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Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic in Mauritania. Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may develop acute hemolytic anemia when exposed to 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs, which are indispensable for a complete cure. The prevalence of G6PD allelic variants was assessed in different ethno-linguistic groups present in Mauritania. A total of 996 blood samples (447 males and 549 females; 499 white Moors and 497 individuals of black African ancestry) were collected from febrile patients in 6 different study sites: Aleg, Atar, Kiffa, Kobeni, Nouakchott, and Rosso. The presence of the African-type G6PD A- (G202A, A376G, A542T, G680T, and T968C mutations) and the Mediterranean-type G6PD B- (C563T) variants was assessed by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. The prevalence of African-type G6PD A- genotype was 3.6% (36/996), with 6.3% (28/447) of hemizygote (A-) males and 1.5% (8/549) of homozygous (A-A-) females. Forty of 549 (7.3%) women were heterozygous (AA-). The following genotypes were observed among hemizygous men and/or homozygous women: A376G/G202A (22/996; 2.2%), A376G/T968C Betica-Selma (12/996; 1.2%), and A376G/A542T Santamaria (2/996; 0.2%). The Mediterranean-type G6PD B- genotype was not observed. The prevalence rates of G6PD A- genotype in male (10/243; 4.1%) and heterozygous female (6/256; 2.3%) white Moors were lower (p < 0.05) than those of males (18/204; 8.8%) and heterozygous females (34/293; 11.6%) of black African ancestry. There were only a few homozygous women among both white Moors (3/256; 1.2%) and those of black African ancestry (5/293; 1.7%). The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Mauritania was comparable to that of neighboring countries in the Maghreb. Because of the purportedly close ethnic ties between the Mauritanian white Moors and the peoples in the Maghreb, further investigations on the possible existence of the Mediterranean-type allele are required. Moreover, a surveillance system of G6PD phenotype and/or genotype screening is warranted to establish and monitor a population-based prevalence of G6PD deficiency.
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Mohamed Boushab, Boushab, Fatim-Zahra Fall-Malick, Mohamed Limame Ould Cheikh Melaïnine, and Leonardo Kishi Basco. "Forms of Stigma and Discrimination in the Daily Lives of HIV-Positive Individuals in Mauritania." Open AIDS Journal 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010012.

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Summary:People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are often discriminated against in their daily lives. The objective of this descriptive and transversal study was to describe the experiences of PLWHA followed at a specialized outpatient center in Nouakchott to assess the forms of stigma from the perspective of those who suffer from discrimination.Methods:All HIV-positive patients over the age of 18 years who were aware of their HIV status and provided consent to participate in the study were included from June 1 to 29, 2015. Data collection was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire.Results:A total of 210 PLWHA were interviewed. Men accounted for 54% of the sample population with a sex ratio of 1.2. About half of respondents were married (51%) and resided in Nouakchott (55%). Subjects who had never attended school represented 42% of the cases. Among our respondents, 64% knew their HIV status for over a year and admitted that they refused to reveal this information to any person. The distribution of forms of stigma experienced by PLWHA by demographic category was, in descending order, stigma in interpersonal relationships (78%), self-stigma (20%), and stigma in health services (2%). There was a significant association between the form of stigma and marital status (p = 0.007) and between the form of stigma and knowledge of HIV status for a period greater than one year (p = 0.02).Conclusion:The forms of stigma can be sources of discrimination and are a major obstacle to reintegration and support of PLWHA. This creates a vicious circle that, on the one hand, leads to the suffering, marginalization, and isolation of PLWHA, and on the other hand, has deleterious effects on their family and social relationships, self-esteem and self-confidence.
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Ould Salem, Mohamed Lemine, Mohamed Ahmed Med Mahmoud Sidiya, Ahmed Baba Ahmedou Eibih, Mohamed Mahmoud Maouloud, Brahim Hamad Ngaide, Leila Dedy, Lalla Mariem Hamza, and Fatimetou Yacoub. "Dépistage sérologique de SARS-CoV-2 chez une population de personnel de santé à Nouakchott-Mauritanie." Pan African Medical Journal 38 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.38.55.24259.

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Ould Lemrabott, Mohamed Aly, Gilbert Le Goff, Pierre Kengne, Ousmane Ndiaye, Carlo Costantini, Khadijetou Mint Lekweiry, Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem, et al. "First report of Anopheles (Cellia) multicolor during a study of tolerance to salinity of Anopheles arabiensis larvae in Nouakchott, Mauritania." Parasites & Vectors 13, no. 1 (October 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04400-y.

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Abstract Background Anopheles multicolor is known to be present in the arid areas of Africa north of the Sahara Desert, especially in oases. To date, its presence in Mauritania has not been reported. Here, we present the first record of its presence in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. The larvae of An. multicolor, together with those of An. arabiensis, the major malaria vector in the city, were found thriving in highly saline surface water collections. Methods Entomological surveys were carried out during 2016–2017 in Nouakchott. Mosquito larval habitats were investigated through larval surveys while indoor resting culicid fauna were collected using hand-held aspirator. Physicochemical parameters of the larval habitats were measured on-site, at the time mosquitoes were collected. Larvae and pupae were reared to adults in the insectaries. Morphological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods were used to identify newly emerged adults. Batches of fourth-instar larvae were used to assess salinity tolerance by exposing them to increasing concentrations of NaCl, and mortality was monitored throughout development. Results Morphological and molecular results confirmed that the specimens were An. multicolor and An. arabiensis. Sequences of 24 An. multicolor adult mosquitoes showed 100% nucleotide identity with the published sequences of An. multicolor from Iran. The physicochemical analysis of the water from the two larval habitats revealed highly saline conditions, with NaCl content ranging between 16.8 and 28.9 g/l (i.e. between c.50–80% seawater). Anopheles multicolor and An. arabiensis fourth-instar larvae survival rates at 17.5 g/l NaCl were 86.5% and 75%, respectively. Anopheles arabiensis larvae showed variable levels of salt tolerance according to the larval habitat. Adult An. multicolor specimens were collected resting indoor at low frequency (0.7%) compared to the other culicid mosquitoes. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report of An. multicolor in Mauritania, extending the known distributional range of the species to the south, as well as to the west. Highly salt-tolerant populations of An. arabiensis and An. multicolor were observed. Because salt-water collections are widespread in Nouakchott, the relevance of these findings for the dynamics and epidemiology of malaria transmission needs to be assessed.
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Alsheikh, G., and F. Al Darazi. "Success story in technical cooperation among countries of the south." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.220.

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Abstract The policy paper aims at sharing experience in medical education between Tunisia and Djibouti through technical support from WHO EMRO. Djibouti, a francophone country located in the English-speaking horn of Africa, could not rely on neighboring countries to help in establishing a badly needed medical school. Djibouti a low middle-income country, with around one million population has a low density in medical professionals. Most of them were trained in France or other francophone countries and the rate of return to practice. WHO EMRO was requested to support in establishing a medical school. A feasibility study to develop a problem based and community oriented medical school was carried out by experts from WHO EMRO and from senior medical professors from Lebanon and Tunisia. A plan was designed to establish the medical school with support from WHO EMRO and technical cooperation from Tunisia using the same approach in establishing the medical school of Nouakchott in Mauritania. Initial funding was provided from WHO EMRO to support acquisition of education materials and laboratories and by a 600,000 $ grant from the African Bank to secure travel and accommodation of visiting professors from Tunisia and from other francophone countries from the region. More than 300 physicians were trained locally and efforts are being made to train Djiboutian residents in various specialties and to train future teachers. The objectives of the paper are to: To share a success story in south to south cooperation with technical support from WHOTo harness solidarity mechanisms among countries of the southTo highlight the positive role played by WHO in facilitating technical cooperation and in mobilizing financial resources from development bank to support medical education Key messages need to harness solidarity among countries of the south in human resource development. highlight the facilitating role of WHO In technical cooperation and in fund raising.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population – Nouakchott (Mauritanie)"

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Hont, Olivier d'. "Les Kebe de Nouakchott : contribution à l'étude de la sédentarisation en milieu urbain de populations nomades sinistrées." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H042.

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Book chapters on the topic "Population – Nouakchott (Mauritanie)"

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Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "Mauritania." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0036.

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The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is found in north-west Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, a disputed region of Morocco (Western Sahara), Algeria, Senegal, and Mali. It is the eleventh largest country in Africa (1.030 million square kilometres (km)) with a population of about 4.3 million in 2016. Its population density of 3.9 inhabitants per square kilometre makes it the fourth least densely populated country in Africa. Mauritania is a desert country with as little as 0.5 per cent of its land being considered arable. Its capital city is Nouakchott which is also the biggest city in terms of inhabitants. Other main towns are Nouadhibou, Rosso, Atar, Tidjika, and Néma. The majority of the population, however, lives in rural areas.
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