Academic literature on the topic 'Population planning scale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Population planning scale"
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Sheng, Kai, Zhen Li, Zhi Chao Song, and Hong Duan. "Artificial Society-Oriented Large-Scale Road Path Querying Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 2269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.2269.
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In artificial society simulation, each artificial population needs road path planning in the process of travel. However, because of the large amounts of populations in artificial society, road path planning will cost lots computational resources and time, thus this process has terrible efficiency to the performance of the simulation system. In order to solve this problem, this article firstly makes use of CPU to generate the artificial populations, travel logs, and construct the road network models; then computes the shortest road path between each two environments and load the results in RAM for prepare; lastly, sends the ID and its start point and destination of the population who need road path querying to GPU at current simulation time in the simulation process, and then takes advantages of GPU to query the road path and return the results back. In this way, we can obviously reduce the time costs in the process of road path querying and enormously improve the performance of the whole simulation system.
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Tavares, Fernando Oliveira, and Eulália Santos. "Financial Literacy Perception Scale for the Portuguese Population." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 67, no. 2 (2020): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2020-0015.
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This study aims to propose and validate a financial literacy perception scale for the Portuguese population. The utilized methodology was quantitative, based on a two-part questionnaire survey. The first part studies the sociodemographic profile and the second part evaluates the respondent's perception of financial literacy. The sample consisted of 830 Portuguese individuals, over 18 years old. The main results of this study demonstrate that the financial literacy perception scale presents a tri-factorial structure with satisfactory validity and reliability levels. The three obtained factors are 1-2 years financial planning and goals, long term savings and an affinity for numerical calculation. This study contributes to the increase of scientific knowledge in the field of financial literacy, to the assistance of financial education policymakers in the reformulation of their policies and to the creation of tools to help consumer financial behavior.
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Yue, Chen, Ya Li Cui, Rong Rao, and Dong Xiang. "Key Technology Research and Application of the Special Planning for Water Resources in Urban Ecological Planning." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.777.
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In urban planning, urban population and development is restricted by water resources, so we should pay attention. Taking Changchun-Jilin region of Jilin Province for example, water resources carrying capacity per capita is adopted to control the capacity of the urban population. On this basis, it considers the economy, water resources, the state of the urban population scale and transferring water to do parallel computing. Then the controlling index of urban population capacity is mainly obtained through the optimal solution. This paper made water resources as quantitative indicators to control the urban population, in order to solve the relationship of urban-water-ecology
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Díaz-Morales, Juan Francisco, Joseph R. Ferrari, Karem Díaz, and Doris Argumedo. "Factorial Structure of Three Procrastination Scales with a Spanish Adult Population." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 22, no. 2 (January 2006): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.2.132.
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The present study explored the factorial structure of three well-known procrastination measures: the General Procrastination Scale (GP; Lay, 1986 ), the Adult Inventory of Procrastination (AIP; McCown & Johnson, 1989 ), and the Decisional Procrastination Scale (DP; Mann, 1982 ) with 502 Spanish adults between 25 and 67 years old. The principal component analysis indicated a one-factor structure for GP and DP, and two factor components for AIP. The internal consistency of the three scales was satisfactory. Results suggested that the Spanish versions of the three procrastination scales were effective and reliable. Finally, a principal component analysis with the three scales indicated a four-factor model of procrastination, namely: dilatory behaviors, indecision, lack of punctuality, and lack of planning.
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Zhu, Shaonan, Qiang Dai, Binru Zhao, and Jiaqi Shao. "Assessment of Population Exposure to Urban Flood at the Building Scale." Water 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113253.
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The assessment of populations affected by urban flooding is crucial for flood prevention and mitigation but is highly influenced by the accuracy of population datasets. The population distribution is related to buildings during the urban floods, so assessing the population at the building scale is more rational for the urban floods, which is possible due to the abundance of multi-source data and advances in GIS technology. Therefore, this study assesses the populations affected by urban floods through population mapping at the building scale using highly correlated point of interest (POI) data. The population distribution is first mapped by downscaling the grid-based WorldPop population data to the building scale. Then, the population affected by urban floods is estimated by superimposing the population data sets onto flood areas, with flooding simulated by the LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic model. Finally, the proposed method is applied to Lishui City in southeast China. The results show that the population affected by urban floods is significantly reduced for different rainstorm scenarios when using the building-scale population instead of WorldPop. In certain areas, populations not captured by WorldPop can be identified using the building-scale population. This study provides a new method for estimating populations affected by urban flooding.
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van der Burg, Max Post, Neil Chartier, and Ryan Drum. "Implications of Spatially Variable Costs and Habitat Conversion Risk in Landscape-Scale Conservation Planning." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102016-jfwm-080.
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Abstract “Strategic habitat conservation” refers to a process used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop cost-efficient strategies for conserving wildlife populations and their habitats. Strategic habitat conservation focuses on resolving uncertainties surrounding habitat conservation to meet specific wildlife population objectives (i.e., targets) and developing tools to guide where conservation actions should be focused on the landscape. Although there are examples of using optimization models to highlight where conservation should be delivered, such methods often do not explicitly account for spatial variation in the costs of conservation actions. Furthermore, many planning approaches assume that habitat protection is a preferred option, but they do not assess its value relative to other actions, such as restoration. We developed a case study to assess the implications of accounting for and ignoring spatial variation in conservation costs in optimizing conservation targets. We included assumptions about habitat loss to determine the extent to which protection or restoration would be necessary to meet an established population target. Our case study focused on optimal placement of grassland protection or restoration actions to influence bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus populations in the tallgrass prairie ecoregion of the north central United States. Our results show that not accounting for spatially variable costs doubled or tripled the cost of meeting the population target. Furthermore, our results suggest that one should not assume that protecting existing habitat is always a preferred option. Rather, our results show that the balance between protection and restoration can be influenced by a combination of desired targets, assumptions about habitat loss, and the relative cost of the two actions. Our analysis also points out how difficult it may be to reach targets, given the expense to meet them. We suggest that a full accounting of expected costs and benefits will help to guide development of viable management actions and meaningful conservation plans.
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McCullough, Dale R. "Importance of population data in forest management planning." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70533-5.
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Recent shifts in emphasis to preservation of biological diversity and establishment of large nature reserves have resulted in downgrading of the perceived importance of data at the population level. These shifts in emphasis, while laudable, should not result in loss of focus on the fundamental importance of population information. Suitable habitat, although a prime necessity, is not sufficient for wildlife preservation. Species may not occupy otherwise suitable habitat because of internal (predation, interspecific competition, disease) or external (adverse climate, exploitation, disturbance, impact of exotic species, pollution and toxicants) factors. Historical impacts may persist for many years, and may require active restoration. Forest management plans must consider population data on a metapopulation scale. Data for common species can be at the reconnaissance level whereas for threatened or sensitive species they need to be more detailed. To evaluate sustainability, population data must be integrated with forest stand data in projection models to predict habitat-population mosaics at various times in the future. These models must be developed and improved over time in an adaptive management approach.
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Stemmler, Martin, Alexander Mathis, and Andreas V. M. Herz. "Connecting multiple spatial scales to decode the population activity of grid cells." Science Advances 1, no. 11 (December 2015): e1500816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1500816.
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Mammalian grid cells fire when an animal crosses the points of an imaginary hexagonal grid tessellating the environment. We show how animals can navigate by reading out a simple population vector of grid cell activity across multiple spatial scales, even though neural activity is intrinsically stochastic. This theory of dead reckoning explains why grid cells are organized into discrete modules within which all cells have the same lattice scale and orientation. The lattice scale changes from module to module and should form a geometric progression with a scale ratio of around 3/2 to minimize the risk of making large-scale errors in spatial localization. Such errors should also occur if intermediate-scale modules are silenced, whereas knocking out the module at the smallest scale will only affect spatial precision. For goal-directed navigation, the allocentric grid cell representation can be readily transformed into the egocentric goal coordinates needed for planning movements. The goal location is set by nonlinear gain fields that act on goal vector cells. This theory predicts neural and behavioral correlates of grid cell readout that transcend the known link between grid cells of the medial entorhinal cortex and place cells of the hippocampus.
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Wardrop, N. A., W. C. Jochem, T. J. Bird, H. R. Chamberlain, D. Clarke, D. Kerr, L. Bengtsson, S. Juran, V. Seaman, and A. J. Tatem. "Spatially disaggregated population estimates in the absence of national population and housing census data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 14 (March 19, 2018): 3529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715305115.
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Population numbers at local levels are fundamental data for many applications, including the delivery and planning of services, election preparation, and response to disasters. In resource-poor settings, recent and reliable demographic data at subnational scales can often be lacking. National population and housing census data can be outdated, inaccurate, or missing key groups or areas, while registry data are generally lacking or incomplete. Moreover, at local scales accurate boundary data are often limited, and high rates of migration and urban growth make existing data quickly outdated. Here we review past and ongoing work aimed at producing spatially disaggregated local-scale population estimates, and discuss how new technologies are now enabling robust and cost-effective solutions. Recent advances in the availability of detailed satellite imagery, geopositioning tools for field surveys, statistical methods, and computational power are enabling the development and application of approaches that can estimate population distributions at fine spatial scales across entire countries in the absence of census data. We outline the potential of such approaches as well as their limitations, emphasizing the political and operational hurdles for acceptance and sustainable implementation of new approaches, and the continued importance of traditional sources of national statistical data.
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He, Xinggang. "Population expansion in China’s metropolises and its scale-control." Chinese Geographical Science 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02664273.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Population planning scale"
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"PPP引入对城市规划与建设影响的研究." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53535.
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abstract: 近些年来，我国城市化进程不断加快，到2020年我国常住人口城镇化率将达到60%左右，户籍人口城镇化率将会达到45%左右。伴随着我国城市化进程的高速推进以及经济水平的不断提高，公共物品及服务的需求程度加大，政府单独出资建设公共项目会导致资金不足、经营管理效率低下等问题。与此同时，我国当前不同层级地方政府的政府性债务都达到了一个非常高的水平，截至2017年末，中国地方政府债务16.47万亿元，债务率（债务余额/综合财力）为76.5%，其中地方负有偿还责任的债务约12.9万亿，地方政府性债务的控制和转化成为经济新常态下重要特征之一。在地方债务压力较大的情况下，PPP将替代土地财政和地方政府融资，为我国新型城镇化建设提供可持续的资金支持，PPP模式成为当前城市建设领域融资的重要选项。
据此，本文基于实证研究方法探讨在债务约束的背景下，在地方政府债务约束下，PPP模式的引入，对城市规划中建设用地面积、人口规划规模与容量、建设用地属性等的城市规划变量的影响；与此同时，考虑到地方政府的政策很大程度上受到是由地方官员，特别是受到作为地方政府党政“一把手”的市委书记和市长的晋升压力和激励的影响，讨论市委书记/市长的晋升压力和激励对PPP模式引入效果的影响。研究发现，在地方政府债务约束下，PPP模式的引入，显著增加城市规划中建设用地面积、人口规划规模与容量、建设用地属性等的城市规划变量；同时，地方政府官员存在利用PPP放大城市建设和规划规模的行为，反映了PPP项目在引入和使用的过程中很大程度上受政府官员的激励的影响。Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019
Books on the topic "Population planning scale"
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Orodho, John Aluko. Population growth, gender, and food production in Kenya: The case of small-scale farmers in Vihiga District. Dakar-Ponty, Sénégal: Union for African Population Studies, 1998.
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Mbow, Cheikh. The Great Green Wall in the Sahel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.559.
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For several decades, the Sahelian countries have been facing continuing rainfall shortages, which, coupled with anthropogenic factors, have severely disrupted the great ecological balance, leading the area in an inexorable process of desertification and land degradation. The Sahel faces a persistent problem of climate change with high rainfall variability and frequent droughts, and this is one of the major drivers of population’s vulnerability in the region. Communities struggle against severe land degradation processes and live in an unprecedented loss of productivity that hampers their livelihoods and puts them among the populations in the world that are the most vulnerable to climatic change. In response to severe land degradation, 11 countries of the Sahel agreed to work together to address the policy, investment, and institutional barriers to establishing a land-restoration program that addresses climate change and land degradation. The program is called the Pan-Africa Initiative for the Great Green Wall (GGW). The initiative aims at helping to halt desertification and land degradation in the Sahelian zone, improving the lives and livelihoods of smallholder farmers and pastoralists in the area and helping its populations to develop effective adaptation strategies and responses through the use of tree-based development programs. To make the GGW initiative successful, member countries have established a coordinated and integrated effort from the government level to local scales and engaged with many stakeholders. Planning, decision-making, and actions on the ground is guided by participation and engagement, informed by policy-relevant knowledge to address the set of scalable land-restoration practices, and address drivers of land use change in various human-environmental contexts. In many countries, activities specific to achieving the GGW objectives have been initiated in the last five years.
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Burton, Paul, ed. Responding to Climate Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108622.
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South East Queensland has been one of the fastest growing regions of Australia, both in terms of its rapidly growing population and an ever-expanding built environment. It is also one of the most vulnerable regions likely to suffer from the adverse impacts of climate change, especially increased flooding, storms, coastal erosion and drought.
Responding to Climate Change: Lessons from an Australian Hotspot brings together the results of cutting-edge research from members of the Griffith Climate Change Response Program, showing how best to respond to anticipated changes and how to overcome barriers to adaptation. The authors treat climate change adaptation as a cross-cutting, multi-level governance policy challenge extending across human settlements, infrastructure, ecosystems, water management, primary industries, emergency management and human health.
The research focuses on, but is not limited to, the experience of climate change adaptation in the recognised climate hotspot of South East Queensland. The results of this research will be of interest to planners, policy makers and other practitioners engaged in urban and environmental planning, coastal management, public health, emergency management, and physical infrastructure at the local, regional and metropolitan government scales.
Book chapters on the topic "Population planning scale"
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Mutezo, Gamuchirai, Jean Mulopo, and Dumisani Chirambo. "Climate Change Adaptation: Opportunities for Increased Material Recycling Facilities in African Cities." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 849–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_61.
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AbstractAfrica’s urban morphology is expected to develop at a steady rate between 2020 and 2050. Population growth, rising urbanization rates, growing energy consumption, and industrialization are only a few of the reasons causing these changes. Likewise, waste production is projected to rise from 125 million tons in 2012 to 244 million tons annually by 2025. Around 60.0% and 80.0% of African waste is made up of organic material, which is a viable methane source. Fly tipping, free disposal, landfilling, and incineration have been used as a large-scale waste treatment system in most African cities. However, with the anticipated morphological changes, these solutions are no longer viable in the future due to lack of airspace, availability of urban land for new landfill sites, and concerns over carbon emissions. This chapter discusses the potential for improved adoption of material recycling facilities (MRF) in urban environments as an incentive to support waste diversion from landfills, decentralize waste separation activities, and increase the transformation of waste materials into valuable raw materials. A case study is discussed for Ethiopia, Ghana, and South Africa with the goal of explaining current processes, urban planning initiatives required for greater implementation, and how they can be interpreted as adaptation initiatives.
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Banham, Tony. "Planning." In Reduced to a Symbolical Scale. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390878.003.0002.
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Chapter One describes the historical context of the planning of the evacuation. It considers the changes after the Great War that led to a possible future evacuation being considered, the legal steps for an evacuation to be made mandatory, and Hong Kong’s experience of itself receiving evacuees from Shanghai. It looks at the creation of the evacuation plan in a time of growing unrest in China and growing certainty of European conflict, and considers the differences between Hong Kong’s and other evacuations. It notes the relative naivety and incompleteness of the plan, with its insufficient thought on the impact of location of the chosen final destination, the racial aspects of the population to be evacuated, and contingencies in case of either the Japanese invasion not occurring (and evacuation thus needing to be reversed in an orderly manner), or war starting and ending (necessitating a post-war repatriation). Before exploring the triggers of the final order to evacuate, it establishes the differences in status and attitudes between the military families and civilians (of all nationalities) and the pre-evacuation economic and social positions of those to be evacuated: most having servants, family support, social or military status, secure futures, and dependence upon husbands.
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Chen, Mingxing, Hua Zhang, and Yinghua Gong. "China's Population Aging and New Urbanization." In E-Planning and Collaboration, 382–400. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5646-6.ch018.
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In recent years, fast demographic transition, urbanizationand socio-economic development in China draws attention of the world. The reproduction type of Chinese population has changed from “high rate of birth, high rate of death, and low rate of natural growth” to “low rate of birth, low rate of death, and low rate of natural growth”, which promotes the population transition, bringing the problems of aging of population. In China, the scale of aged population is large, and its developing speed is fast. Along with the increasing of aged population in China, the advantage of labor quantity in China is challenged. China regards new urbanization as the important work content of state in the future for a long time, providing a large opportunity for the study in the field of urbanization. For China, new urbanization plan is just a beginning. The sustainable development of Chinese population and urbanization has important meaning in the world.
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"Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models: Advancing Science for Sustainable Salmon in the Future." In Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models: Advancing Science for Sustainable Salmon in the Future, edited by Kurt L. Fresh, William Graeber, Krista K. Bartz, Jeremy R. Davies, Mark D. Scheuerell, Andrew D. Haas, Mary H. Ruckelshaus, and Beth Sanderson. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874097.ch20.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Four criteria are used to evaluate viability during recovery planning for anadromous Pacific salmonid <em>Oncorhynchus </em>spp. populations listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: abundance, productivity, spatial structure, and diversity. Better approaches to evaluate spatial structure and diversity are needed so that potential outcomes of recovery actions can be more fully evaluated. In this chapter, we describe several approaches to evaluating spatial structure and diversity in recovery planning using data that were currently available from salmonid population modeling efforts and spatial analyses, especially of habitat data. We employed a case history approach using information developed during recovery planning for the Chinook salmon <em>O. tshawytscha </em>Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) in Puget Sound. Multiple metrics of spatial structure and diversity were developed from outputs of fish population models and spatial habitat data for different land use scenario. We included analyses at several spatial scales. At the population level, we evaluated spatial structure and diversity of two Chinook salmon populations associated with the Snohomish River Basin, the Skykomish and Snoqualmie. We found that changes in spatial structure and diversity varied between the two populations when historical (baseline) and current conditions (a future condition expected if no significant changes occurred in the present rate and type of land use actions) were compared. Changes were more pronounced for the Skykomish population than for the Snoqualmie population. At the watershed scale, we analyzed changes in ecological diversity in six watersheds. Of the six watersheds considered, there was little evidence of a change in ecological diversity between historical and current habitat conditions (as reflected by changes in adult spawner and juvenile rearing capacities) in three watersheds (Dungeness, Snohomish, and Stillaguamish) while a more significant change in diversity was indicated in three other watersheds (Green, Puyallup, and Elwha). Changes in spatial structure of the Puget Sound ESU were indicated between historical and current conditions when comparing the proportion of spawners associated with each of the five biogeographical planning units. We recommend future work is needed to evaluate the effects of hatcheries and harvest on spatial structure and diversity, develop and test other metrics, and include other life stages such as those associated with estuarine and Puget Sound habitats.
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Penman, Alan D., Kimberly W. Crowder, and William M. Watkins. "Prevalence of Age-Related Lens Opacities in a Population." In 50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know, 27–32. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190050726.003.0005.
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The Beaver Dam Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional survey designed to estimate the prevalence and severity of lens opacities in a rural community in the United States. Prior to this survey there were no reliable estimates of the prevalence and severity of lens opacities. The survey found that lens opacities were common in adults, and the numbers were increasing as the population aged. Overall, 17.3% of the study population had nuclear sclerosis more severe than level 3 in a 5-step scale of severity; cortical opacities were found in 16.3%; and posterior subcapsular opacities occurred in 6.0% of the population. The study emphasized the importance of such data for providing for social and healthcare needs and planning for future services.
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Manfredini, Fabio, Paola Pucci, and Paolo Tagliolato. "Mobile Phone Network Data." In Geographic Information Analysis for Sustainable Development and Economic Planning, 115–28. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1924-1.ch008.
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The chapter presents some applications of mobile phone network data analysis to urban studies. At the beginning, through examples on mobility, temporary population, and scale, the reasons are discussed for why urban analysis traditional data sources no longer appear to be adequate to describe contemporary city dynamics. Afterwards, mobile phone network data is introduced as a potential new source for urban studies, providing evidences and arguments on issues such as large events monitoring, the need of integration of mobile phone traffic data with statistical data and temporary population definition and analysis. Because of its spatial and temporal resolution, mobile phone data represent an interesting and unique source of information on urban uses variability over time. Telephone traffic can become a valid alternative/complement to traditional methods, being it able to resolve both traditional survey’s limitations of latency (cellular network information can be easily retrieved in real time) and pervasivity (huge diffusion of cell-phones) at once.
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"Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Joshuah S. Perkin, Juju C. Wellemeyer, and Jeffrey D. Fore. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874561.ch19.
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<i>Abstract.</i>—Scale influences the detection of relationships between landscape alterations and stream fishes and therefore has strong implications for conservation planning and implementation. This is especially true in riverscapes because terrestrial landscapes drain into riverscapes in a manner that can be measured at multiple scales. Two commonly employed scales in riverscape ecology and conservation include local catchment (i.e., the area of land draining directly into a segment of stream between two confluences) and network catchment (i.e., the total area of upstream land). We used a multispecies extension of species distribution modeling (i.e., gradient forest) to describe relationships between landscape alterations (measured at local catchment and network catchment scales) and stream fish occurrence patterns in portions of the Mississippi and Tennessee River basins in western Tennessee, USA. Landscape alterations included seven urban or agricultural classes, and densities of roads, road crossings, dams, human population, mines, and confined animal feeding operations. At the network catchment scale, the most influential landscape alterations affecting fish distributions were cultivated crops and pasture/hay land uses, but at the local catchment scale, open-space development, human population density, and road density were most important for describing multispecies fish distributions. Despite these differences, gradient forest model performance measured as explained variation at the species level was consistent between local catchment and network catchment scales. Furthermore, when predictions for unsampled stream segments were mapped across the region, both scales produced consistent patterns in fish assemblages affected by low, medium, and high development or cultivated crops. Our results provide direction to conservation practitioners by identifying regions where limited resources might be allocated to increase efficiencies within two highly altered and taxonomically diverse riverscapes. The framework described here provides a case study for application of new statistical innovations to address conservation challenges and can be used in other landscapes and riverscapes to identify locations where management efforts might be best allocated.
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Jenne, Christian. "Increase of Transportation Efficiencies and Emission Reduction within a City." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 91–125. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0302-6.ch004.
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On a worldwide scale population is increasing, necessitating efficiencies in transportation essential for a modern and healthy environment. Most cities have already reached their limitations on population and vehicle movement. Street layouts and cycling lanes, which were initially planned for a certain number of inhabitants, are now not able to cope with increasing demand. The same applies for fresh water supply and effluent treatment which have limitations also. With an increasing population in urban areas, restriction levels in these regions can be reached very quickly, creating a problem which needs to be addressed. A smarter city can only be developed when there is pre-planning on all of these issues, when there is an understanding of newly developed human behaviours, and when new inventions and technologies in urban areas can adapt to these changes.
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Jenne, Christian. "Increase of Transportation Efficiencies and Emission Reduction within a City." In Waste Management, 1559–86. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch072.
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On a worldwide scale population is increasing, necessitating efficiencies in transportation essential for a modern and healthy environment. Most cities have already reached their limitations on population and vehicle movement. Street layouts and cycling lanes, which were initially planned for a certain number of inhabitants, are now not able to cope with increasing demand. The same applies for fresh water supply and effluent treatment which have limitations also. With an increasing population in urban areas, restriction levels in these regions can be reached very quickly, creating a problem which needs to be addressed. A smarter city can only be developed when there is pre-planning on all of these issues, when there is an understanding of newly developed human behaviours, and when new inventions and technologies in urban areas can adapt to these changes.
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Jenne, Christian. "Increase of Transportation Efficiencies and Emission Reduction within a City." In Sustainable Infrastructure, 884–910. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0948-7.ch042.
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On a worldwide scale population is increasing, necessitating efficiencies in transportation essential for a modern and healthy environment. Most cities have already reached their limitations on population and vehicle movement. Street layouts and cycling lanes, which were initially planned for a certain number of inhabitants, are now not able to cope with increasing demand. The same applies for fresh water supply and effluent treatment which have limitations also. With an increasing population in urban areas, restriction levels in these regions can be reached very quickly, creating a problem which needs to be addressed. A smarter city can only be developed when there is pre-planning on all of these issues, when there is an understanding of newly developed human behaviours, and when new inventions and technologies in urban areas can adapt to these changes.
Conference papers on the topic "Population planning scale"
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Hernandez-Moral, Gema, Víctor Iván Serna-Gonzalez, Francisco Javier Miguel Herrero, and César Valmaseda-Tranque. "Urban energy performance calculation based on EPBD standards. GIS4ENER tool." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rkym5201.
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Climate change will have a strong impact on urban settings, which will also represent one of the major challenges (world’s urban population is expected to double by 2050, EU buildings consume 40% final energy and generate 36% CO2 emissions). A plethora of initiatives address this challenge by stressing the underlying necessity of thinking globally but acting locally. This entails the inclusion of a varied set of decision-makers acting at different scales and needing robust, comprehensive and comparable information that can support them in their energy planning process. To this end, this paper presents the GIS4ENER tool to support energy planners at different scales by proposing a bottom-up approach towards the calculation of energy demand and consumption at local scale that can be aggregated to support other decision-making scales. It is based on three main pillars: the exploitation of publicly available data (such as Open Street Maps, Building Stock Observatory or TABULA), the implementation of standardised methods to calculate energy (in particular the ISO52000 family) and the use of Geographic Information Systems to represent and facilitate the understanding of results, and their aggregation. The paper presents the context, main differences with other approaches and results of the tool in Osimo (IT).
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Major, Mark David, Heba O. Tannous, Sarah Al-Thani, Mahnoor Hasan, Adiba Khan, and Adele Salaheldin. "Macro and micro scale modelling of multi-modal transportation spatial networks in the city-state of Doha, Qatar." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/piqu7255.
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Researchers and practitioners have been modeling the street networks of metropolitan and geographical regions using space syntax or configurational analysis since the late 1990s and early 2000s. Some models even extend to a national scale. A few examples include the island of Great Britain, within the national boundaries of England, over half of the Combined Statistical Area of Metropolitan Chicago and the entirety of Chatham County, Georgia and the City of Savannah in the USA, and the Chiang-rai Special Economic Zone in northern Thailand bordering Myanmar and Laos. Researchers at Qatar University constructed a space syntax model of Metropolitan Doha in 2018. It covered a land area of 650 km2 , encompassing over 24,000 streets, and approximately eighty-five percent (~85%) of the total population (~2.8 million) in Qatar. In a short time, this model led to a deeper understanding of spatial structure at the metropolitan and neighborhood level in Doha compared to other cities of the world, especially in the Gulf Cooperation Council region. The paper presents the initial results of expanding this model to the State of Qatar, which provides ideal conditions for this type of large-scale modeling using space syntax. It occupies the Qatari Peninsula on the Arabian Peninsula adjacent to the Arabian/Persian Gulf, offering natural boundaries on three sides. Qatar also shares only a single border with another country to the southwest, which Saudi Arabia closed due to the current diplomatic blockade. The expanded model includes all settlements and outlying regions such as Al Ruwais and Fuwayriţ in the far north, Al Khor and the Industrial City of Ras Laffan in the northeast, and Durkan and Zekreet in the west. Space syntax is serving as the analytical basis for research into the effect of the newly opened rail transportation systems on Doha's urban street network. Researchers are also utilizing space syntax to study micro-scale spatial networks for pedestrians in Souq Waqif, Souq Wakra, and other Doha neighborhoods. The paper gives a brief overview of this research's current state with an emphasis on urban studies.
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Zang, Wei, Xue Mei Yang, and Ying Jie Zhao. "Thoughts on epidemic preventuon and control. Impact of population migration on epidemic preventon and control in labour-intensive cities and towns during spring festival." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sxgm9037.
Full textAbstract:
Novel coronavirus pneumonia strikes the city in 2020, making this year special. It also brings us to the attention of the city's public safety and health problem, which directly affects the city's healthy and sustainable development. During the Spring Festival, a large number of migrant workers in labour-intensive cities and towns returned to their places of residence, forming a large-scale population migration across the country, increasing the difficulty of controlling the epidemic. This paper analyzes the labour migration, medical support, government measures and residents of labour-intensive cities and towns, understands the underlying logic of the epidemic situation, puts forward some solutions for urban disaster prevention and control, and increases urban resilience. It mainly includes: 1) building a population mobility information platform, using big data and network to accurately locate, to guide the later epidemic prevention and control and to prevent secondary infection; 2)To solve the problem of insufficient implementation of urban medical supporting facilities and avoid infection on the way to medical treatment, we should set up a temporary medical treatment point according to the "cell neighbourhood" approach in the city; 3)Make good use of online official channels to shorten the time lag between governments in transmitting information and taking measures; 4) It is significant to encourage residents to join in the epidemic prevention and control, to improve the residents' awareness of prevention and control and the ability to distinguish the authenticity of information.
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Zhang, Shuo. "Research on the Spatial Effect of Urban Construction on Heat Island Effect in Shanghai Based on Remote Sensing Data." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/kary4605.
Full textAbstract:
Since the twentieth Century,global urbanization process is constantly accelerating,while the landscape pattern dominated by vegetation was gradually replaced by the landscape pattern dominated by artificial buildings.The change of climate and temperature caused by the expansion of urban construction land and the population aggregation,has aroused widespread concern.Under the background of national new type urbanization,improving the urban environment is the inevitable path to the new type urbanization. Urban heat island effect is the most prominent feature of human activities impact on temperature,and it has many effects on environment,economy,society,health and so on. Among the existing researches related to urban heat island effect,the influence of urbanization on it has not been paid enough attention.Therefore, the research on the effect of urban construction on the heat island effect is incompletable,and the method is limited to the quantitative analysis as the spatial analysis is insufficient. Based on the existing research,while under the background of urban planning major,taking Shanghai as a typical case, this paper concentrates on the urban heat island effect under the influence of Shanghai urban construction. First of all,this paper takes the Landsat-7 ETM+ remote sensing image data of Shanghai in 01/08/2000,28/07/2010 and 28/07/2016 as the basic research data.ENVI software is used to retrieve land surface temperature on the thermal infrared band.Then this paper divides the heat island effect level,analyses the spatiotemporal distribution of land surface temperature in different years in Shanghai,and summarizes the evolution characteristics of urban heat island effect, analyzing the spatial impact of urban construction related factors such as urban scale, spatial structure and land use. Analysis shows that city construction land expansion will aggravate the urban heat island effect.The increment of built construction in the city,the size of the resident population,as well as the population density have significant correlation with urban heat island effect,but the spatial distribution of population density and spatial distribution of heat island effect has no significant correlation.In various types of landuse,residential,industrial and mining,warehousing, commercial services,and transportation land can significantly aggravate the heat island effect, land types like green land, water area and farmland,etc can produce urban cold island effect in some individual area.At the same time,the location, area and shape of the green space and water area have an effect on the distance of reducing the heat island effect.
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Peng, Yixuan, Gerhard Bruyns, and Darren Nel. "Chinese megablock urbanism." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nmmk5982.
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In what way can the study of megablock typologies in the PRD deliver better insight in terms of process and scales of Chinese urbanization? In the Chinese context, the ‘collective’ has stood central to its urbanisms and processes of urbanization (Lu, 2006). As a state where ownership and territoriality are retained by a socialist system, the basic elements of this (urban) model have remained the creation of collective housing founded on publicly owned land. From the ‘neighbourhood-unit' (邻里单位) and ‘working-unit’ (单位大院), to ‘commodity housing’ (商品房) (Lu, 2006), these practices gradually shape Chinese cities in “Socialism with Chinese characteristics” into what can only be termed ‘megablock’ urban fabrics. Where, ‘Mega’ infrastructure in cities, or better yet, megablocks, embody the antithesis of open and transparent entities. Beyond its organization with the physical network (transportation or public service), they impact the urbanization process in terms of speed and scale. The Chinese urban population has risen from 18% in 1978 to 58.5% in 2017 (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2018). Between 1991 and 2000, 83% of Shanghai’s residential compounds became enclaves, with the Guangdong Province alone witnessing the formation of 54,000 closed-off compounds, covering more than 70% of the city surface and housing more than 80% of its population (Miao, 2004). Broadly speaking, former and ongoing studies of Chinese urbanization are yet to provide a clear perspective of megablock development, both in terms of the unprecedented context and its spatial impact. This paper aims to address concerns pertaining to the megablock phenomenon: its impacts on urban morphology as well as its prevalent strategies as an urban model. The argument presented here hopes to touch upon the links between planning and the eventual morphological expression of megablock development, and possibly argue for the cultivation of an urbanization practice that needs to become systematic in its sustainable focus and outcomes
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Huq, Ferdous Farhana, Nidalia Islam, Sakib Zubayer, and Nessar Uddin Ahmed. "Green Roof: An approach to repair the climate of Dhaka city." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/eabf1271.
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Dhaka the capital of Bangladesh looks no better than a piece of hardscape from aerial view which justifies the swelling concern of replacing green areas with built up areas to fulfill the demand of briskly growing urban population. Increasing air temperature, changing rainfall pattern and ‘unhealthy' air bears the proof of Dhaka city being an urban heat island created by the present development trend. Unrecoverable damage has already been done to the green spaces of this city which has turned this city as the most polluted city in the world. At the edge of the collapse of sustainability of this city new approaches such as ‘green roof' can be used to repair its lungs. Although rooftop gardening has been a traditional concept in Bangladesh, in city-wide scale a very few buildings can be seen with green space in roof or balconies. This study employs satellite image analysis and GIS technology to identify the buildings with a green roof. This study uses a questionnaire survey to explore the commonly used green roof method, motivation benefits and challenges behind the implementation of the green roof. This research presents the global scenario of green roof and explores the possibilities of developing the green roof approach in city scale in Dhaka city
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Manthapuri, Sadhana. "Rethinking the dimensions and approach of circular economy from the perspective of developing countries." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sjfn8572.
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Developing Nations represents over 60 percentage of Globe. Economic growth of these nations linearly depends on combinations of market externalities, technological progress and gross value addition. Most of these nations were mere supplier of raw materials in the industrial era and still 70% of Nation’s population is dependent on primary sector for livelihood. This new wave of development, Circular Economy is said to create a value addition and trigger the prosperity of these nations by looping the production and supply chain mechanism. Research estimates that up to 85 per cent of opportunities to improve resource productivity lie in developing countries because of existing stage of economic growth. The portrayed illustrations of circular economy will manifest variant in developing nations. This paper focus on examining the applicability of circular economy, its dimensions and approaches for developing nations. The scale of applicability, market externalities, the bygone pillar of social dimension in sustainability etc, were discussed to provide a significant way forward for the concept to be more restorative and sustainable in the context of developing nations.
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Yuan, Qing, and Ran Guo. "Impact of Urban Compactness on Carbon Emission Efficiency in Small Towns in China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/atxj1734.
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Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.
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Tufek-Memisevic, Tijana, and Zina Ruzdic. "Mitigating post-oil sustainability challenges in a topographically framed transit-oriented city." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ioxj4775.
Full textAbstract:
Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.
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Goldie, Stephan E. "Two Thousand New, Million-Person Cities by 2050 – We Can Do It!" In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ysfj6819.
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In 1950 three quarters of a billion people lived in large towns and cities, or 30% of the total world population of over 2.5 billion. By 2009 this had grown to 3.42 billion, just over half of a total population of over 6.8 billion. The United Nations Secretariat currently forecasts that in 2050 6.4 billion, 67% of a total of almost 9.6 billion people will live in urban areas. Just over a third of that growth, around one billion people, is expected to be in China, India and Nigeria, but the remaining two billion will be in the countries around those countries: a massive arc stretching across the world from West Africa through the Middle East, across Asia and into the Pacific. In these other countries, an additional two billion urban residents over thirty years translates into a need to build a new city for a population of one million people, complete with hospitals, schools, workplaces, recreation and all the rest, at a rate of more than four a month: 2000 cities, in countries with little urban planning capability! In addition, the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) include goal 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, so these new cities should demonstrate a level of planning competence and city management ability that many towns and cities in the world are struggling to achieve. Notwithstanding the scale of the problem, the size and cost of the planning effort is demonstrated to be feasible, provided that action is swift and new technologies are developed and applied to the planning and approvals processes. Of course, taking these plans to construction is a much bigger effort, but the economy of cities is strongly circular, meaning that the initial cash injection generates jobs that pay wages that are spent on rent and goods within the city, which then generate profits that fund developments that generate jobs, etc. However, this requires good governance, a planning consideration that must also be addressed if the full benefits of planning, designing and building 2000 cities in the Third World are to be enjoyed by the citizens of those cities. Finally, failure is not an option, because “If we don't solve this equation, it is not that people will stop coming to cities. They will come anyhow, but they will live in slums, favelas and informal settlements” (Arevena, 2014), and we know that slums the world over produce crime, refugees and revolution, and then export these problems internationally, one way or another. The world most certainly does not want more refugees or another Syria, so planners must rescue us from that future, before it happens!
Reports on the topic "Population planning scale"
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Lundgren, Anna, Alex Cuadrado, Mari Wøien Meijer, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdottir, Eeva Turunen, Viktor Salenius, Jukka Teräs, Jens Bjørn Gefke Grelck, and Stian Lundvall Berg. Skills Policies - Building Capacities for Innovative and Resilient Nordic Regions. Nordregio, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2020:17.1403-2503.
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Long-term trends in Nordic societies (such as ageing populations), along with rapid social transformations (like those brought about by automation and digitalisation), have resulted in increased attention being paid to skills and skills enhancement – not least from policymakers looking to cope with those challenges. However, skills are complex and many actors are involved in their promotion and provision. In this study, we focus on the regional level, which is the point of scale at which the demand for, and supply of, various skills is often articulated. In order to respond to the research question concerning How regions work with skills, six case studies were conducted in 2019 and 2020. That meant one case study in each of the Nordic countries. Those selected were Pohjois-Karjala (North Karelia, Finland), Värmland (Sweden), Hovedstaden (Denmark), Hedmark and Oppland (Norway), Norðurland eystra (Northeastern Region, Iceland), and one in Greenland. This report on skills for resilient and innovative regions is part of a series of reports conducted on behalf of the Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020, within the Nordics Cooperation Program for Regional Development and Planning, and under the aegis of the Nordics Council of Ministers.
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Dominican Republic and Mexico: Promote condom use by emphasizing personal benefits. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1001.
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Consistent and correct use of the male condom is a critical measure for preventing STI-related morbidity and mortality, yet condom use remains low worldwide and researchers have made limited progress in identifying positive factors that facilitate regular condom use. From 2001 to 2003 the Population Council explored the behavior of individuals who use condoms successfully. Findings on factors that facilitate or impede successful use could be used to develop more effective condom promotion strategies in family planning and STI prevention programs. The projects used qualitative data from successful condom users within three categories: male and female factory workers; male and female high school and university students; and female sex workers and their male clients. Researchers screened successful condom users through a 75-point scale that assessed the frequency and effectiveness of condom use as well as positive and negative experiences with condoms. Studies in the Dominican Republic and Mexico showed that regular condom users obtained personal benefits, including a sense of security. As noted in this summary, condom promotion initiatives should emphasize the positive aspects of condom use and make condoms available through alternative venues.