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Journal articles on the topic 'Population response'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Kollathodi, Dr Nasha. "Hepatitis B Vaccine Response in Selected Immunocompromised Population." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 06 (June 22, 2017): 23724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.152.

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2

Hultman, Martin, and Paul Pulé. "Ecological masculinities: a response to societal crisises of our time." POPULATION 23, no. 2 (2020): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.6.

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The present article is concerned with the nexus of masculinities and environment. The authors present their critical analyses of two configurations of masculinities the authors refer to as ‘industrial/breadwinner’ and ‘ecomodern’ masculinities that dominate politics worldwide. The authors stated their opinion on the fact that the first two configurations of masculinities are acutely but distinctly in conflict with the wellbeing of the planet. The paper presents an empirical and theoretical analysis of ‘ecological masculinities’, which considers the insights and limitations of masculinities studies, deep ecology, ecological feminism and feminist care theory. In this article, the authors focus their attention on the necessity of ecologisation of masculinities as well as on the need for men and masculinities to ‘ecologise’ relationally and create more caring encounters with self and others. In support of the need in a transition from hegemonisation to ecologisation, necessary configurations beyond the constraints of industrial/breadwinner and ecomodern masculinities are presented. The authors also argue that the potential to expose and resolve the anthropocentric discord between Earth, others and human beings is possible within the very constructs of manhood. The notion of ecological masculinities suggested in the article is a constructive response to the roles of men and masculine identities in the Anthropocene. The exit politics central to the notion of ecological masculinities represent a theoretical framework and plurality of practices reflective of a masculine ecologisation process. The authors encourage scholarly masculinities inquiries and practices towards broader, deeper and wider care for the ‘glocal’ (global and local) commons.

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3

Patsiorkovsky, Valery V. "Self-employment as response of the part of economically active population to the crisis of standard labor relations." POPULATION 23, no. 1 (2020): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.8.

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The article focuses on the analysis of the specifics of self-employment. Self-employment is considered as a special economic structure in the mixed economy of modern Russia. Self-employment is characterized by two forms of labor relations. If it is practiced in the informal sector of the economy, then verbal agreement with payment after completion of work (provision of services) is prevailing. When it is practiced in the real sector of the economy, civil law contract is concluded. In any case, self-employment does not know wage labor and wages. The wide use of self-employment in our country, which has become widespread in recent years, is due to a group of factors. The decisive role among them is played by the state's rejection of universal employment and tight control of labor relations, as well as by the technological changes that are characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution. First of all, this refers to the mass introduction of cyber-physical systems in the production and everyday life of people. These changes, firstly, have a huge impact on the labor market. Secondly, they open up new opportunities for households and, in fact, for self-employment. The article considers the structure and features of separate sectors of self-employment, including individual entrepreneurship, personal subsidiary farming and individual self-employment. Each sector of self-employment is described taking into account its specifics and characteristic features in terms of its nature, functions, motivation, legal regulation, income, etc. A close relationship between self-employment and household is shown. There is given criticism of simplified ideas about self-employment, which consider it as an integral part of precarious employment, as well as in terms of transition from wage labor to entrepreneurship or residual manifestation of entrepreneurship.

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4

Guotao, Yang, Wang Xuechun, Peng Youlin, Rasul Fahd, Zou Ting, and Hu Yungao. "Different micro-climate response of indica rice population to nitrogen fertilizer." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 9 (September 13, 2018): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/422/2018-pse.

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Field experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2016 to clarify the micro-climate response of indica rice population to nitrogen fertilizer. R498, R816 and R499 were used as representatives of drooping panicle, semi-erect panicle and erect panicle indica rice, respectively and 3 nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0 – 0 kg N/ha; N1 – 150 kg N/ha; N2 –150 kg/ha) were set for each panicle of indica rice. Results showed that the erect panicle indica rice (R499) improved the environment of temperature, relative humidity and light of rice population under heavy nitrogen fertilizer, and built a healthier micro-climate environment for rice population, especially at the middle position of rice population. Comparing with drooping panicle indica rice (R498), erect panicle indica rice performed better under heavy nitrogen fertilizer, with a higher micro-climate response index to nitrogen fertilizer at middle and lower position in rice population. In comparison of R498, the yield of R499 increased by 0.10–0.11 t/ha under N1 treatment, while it increased by 0.93–0.96 t/ha under N2 treatment; thus, the suggestion for farmers is to plant erect panicle indica rice in heavy fertilizer area or to use more fertilizer in moderate fertilizer area.

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5

Buczek, J., W. Jarecki, and D. Bobrecka-Jamro. "The response of population and hybrid wheat to selected agro-environmental factors." Plant, Soil and Environment 62, No. 2 (June 6, 2016): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/615/2015-pse.

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6

Halapi, Eva, Kari Stefansson, and Hakon Hakonarson. "Population Genomics of Drug Response." American Journal of PharmacoGenomics 4, no. 2 (2004): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00129785-200404020-00002.

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7

Karmeier, Katja, Holger G. Krapp, and Martin Egelhaaf. "Population Coding of Self-Motion: Applying Bayesian Analysis to a Population of Visual Interneurons in the Fly." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 3 (September 2005): 2182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00278.2005.

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Coding of sensory information often involves the activity of neuronal populations. We demonstrate how the accuracy of a population code depends on integration time, the size of the population, and noise correlation between the participating neurons. The population we study consists of 10 identified visual interneurons in the blowfly Calliphora vicina involved in optic flow processing. These neurons are assumed to encode the animal's head or body rotations around horizontal axes by means of graded potential changes. From electrophysiological experiments we obtain parameters for modeling the neurons' responses. From applying a Bayesian analysis on the modeled population response we draw three major conclusions. First, integration of neuronal activities over a time period of only 5 ms after response onset is sufficient to decode accurately the rotation axis. Second, noise correlation between neurons has only little impact on the population's performance. And third, although a population of only two neurons would be sufficient to encode any horizontal rotation axis, the population of 10 vertical system neurons is advantageous if the available integration time is short. For the fly, short integration times to decode neuronal responses are important when controlling rapid flight maneuvers.

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8

Gilad, A., and H. Slovin. "Population Responses in V1 Encode Different Figures by Response Amplitude." Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 16 (April 22, 2015): 6335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0971-14.2015.

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9

Chistova, Elena V. "Possibilities for Increasing the Retirement Age in Russia in Response to Population Ageing." MONTENEGRIN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 12, no. 3 (October 20, 2016): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845.2016/12-3/9.

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10

Kashiwase, Y., K. Matsumiya, I. Kuriki, and S. Shioiri. "Attention boosts neural population response via neural response synchronization." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.202.

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11

Louthan, Allison M., and William Morris. "Climate change impacts on population growth across a species’ range differ due to nonlinear responses of populations to climate and variation in rates of climate change." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0247290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247290.

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Impacts of climate change can differ substantially across species’ geographic ranges, and impacts on a given population can be difficult to predict accurately. A commonly used approximation for the impacts of climate change on the population growth rate is the product of local changes in each climate variable (which may differ among populations) and the sensitivity (the derivative of the population growth rate with respect to that climate variable), summed across climate variables. However, this approximation may not be accurate for predicting changes in population growth rate across geographic ranges, because the sensitivities to climate variables or the rate of climate change may differ among populations. In addition, while this approximation assumes a linear response of population growth rate to climate, population growth rate is typically a nonlinear function of climate variables. Here, we use climate-driven integral projection models combined with projections of future climate to predict changes in population growth rate from 2008 to 2099 for an uncommon alpine plant species, Douglasia alaskana, in a rapidly warming location, southcentral Alaska USA. We dissect the causes of among-population variation in climate change impacts, including magnitude of climate change in each population and nonlinearities in population response to climate change. We show that much of the variation in climate change impacts across D. alaskana’s range arises from nonlinearities in population response to climate. Our results highlight the critical role of nonlinear responses to climate change impacts, suggesting that current responses to increases in temperature or changes in precipitation may not continue indefinitely under continued changes in climate. Further, our results suggest the degree of nonlinearity in climate responses and the shape of responses (e.g., convex or concave) can differ substantially across populations, such that populations may differ dramatically in responses to future climate even when their current responses are quite similar.

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12

EKEBERG, ÖRJAN. "RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF A POPULATION OF NEURONS." International Journal of Neural Systems 04, no. 01 (March 1993): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012906579300002x.

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This work is concerned with the question of how a population of neurons responds to tonic and transient synaptic input from other similar populations. Because of the methodological problems involved in measuring and manipulating the firing properties of a large set of real neurons simultaneously, another strategy is used here: the experiments are made as a series of simulations using a population of realistic model neurons. The steady state response of this particular model neuron is found to be similar to that used in abstract nonspiking models. The transient response, however, reveals that even though each individual neuron simply changes its frequency moderately, the population can respond quickly and with damped oscillations. These oscillations are due to spike synchronization caused by systematic phase shifts induced by synchronous changes in the input.

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13

CERQUEIRA, D., P. DELATTRE, B. DE SOUSA, C. GABRION, S. MORAND, and J. P. QUERE. "Numerical response of a helminth community in the course of a multi-annual abundance cycle of the Water Vole (Arvicola terrestris)." Parasitology 134, no. 5 (May 2006): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006001946.

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SUMMARYThe impact of parasitism on population dynamics is determined in part by the numerical responses of parasites during population fluctuations of their hosts. Vole populations fluctuate in multi-annual cycles allowing such responses to be studied over successive phases of population growth, abundance and decline. We investigate how a helminth community (5 nematode and 7 cestode species) evolved over a full 6-year Water Vole (Arvicola terrestris) population cycle. Brillouin and individual parasite species richness (IPSR) indices were used to measure the numerical response of the parasite community. We report a correlation between levels of parasite intensity and vole population cycle phases. Both indices were consistently higher during pre-decline and decline phases for male and female voles alike. The numerical response of the parasite community suggests that populations may be regulated by parasitism and that studies of this mechanism should allow both for the cyclic or non-cyclic character of the host populations and for the response of the broadest possible set of the local parasite community.

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14

Cochrane, Susan H., J. Mayone Stycos, Hussein Abdel Aziz Sayed, Roger Avery, and Samuel Fridman. "A Unique Response to Population Growth." International Family Planning Perspectives 16, no. 1 (March 1990): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2133579.

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15

Andow, D. A. "Vegetational Diversity and Arthropod Population Response." Annual Review of Entomology 36, no. 1 (January 1991): 561–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.003021.

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16

Stromberg, Sean P., Rustom Antia, and Ilya Nemenman. "Population-expression models of immune response." Physical Biology 10, no. 3 (June 4, 2013): 035010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/10/3/035010.

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17

David, Henry P. ""Population and health psychology": A response." American Psychologist 42, no. 3 (1987): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.42.3.270.a.

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18

Jiao, XianFa, and DanFeng Zhu. "Phase-response synchronization in neuronal population." Science China Technological Sciences 57, no. 5 (May 2014): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5532-2.

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19

Hess, Sonja Y., Janet M. Peerson, Janet C. King, and Kenneth H. Brown. "Use of Serum Zinc Concentration as an Indicator of Population Zinc Status." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 3_suppl3 (September 2007): S403—S429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265070283s303.

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Assessing the prevalence and severity of zinc deficiency in populations is critical to determine the need for and appropriate targeting of zinc intervention programs and to assess their effectiveness for improving the health and well-being of high-risk populations. However, there is very little information on the zinc status of populations worldwide due to the lack of consensus on appropriate biochemical indicators of zinc status. The objective of this review was to evaluate the use of serum zinc concentration as an indicator of population zinc status. We have reviewed the response of serum zinc concentration to dietary zinc restriction and zinc supplementation. In addition, we completed pooled analyses of nine zinc intervention trials in young children to assess the relations between serum zinc concentration of individuals before treatment and their responses to zinc supplementation. Also, in updated combined analyses of previously published data, we investigated the relation between the mean initial serum zinc concentration of a study population and their mean growth responses to zinc supplementation in randomized intervention trials among children. The results from depletion/repletion studies indicate that serum zinc concentrations respond appreciably to severe dietary zinc restriction, although there is considerable interindividual variation in these responses. There is also clear evidence that both individual and population mean serum zinc concentrations increase consistently during zinc supplementation, regardless of the initial level of serum zinc concentration. By contrast, an individual's serum zinc concentration does not reliably predict that person's response to zinc supplementation. Serum zinc concentration can be considered a useful biomarker of a population's risk of zinc deficiency and response to zinc interventions, although it may not be a reliable indicator of individual zinc status.

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20

Green, Kathy E., Judith A. Boser, and Susan R. Hutchinson. "Response-Rate Differences and Response-Enhancement Effects by Population Type." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (August 1998): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.336.

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A meta-analysis of 193 survey research studies examined differences in response rate by population type. Analysis suggests higher response rates may be expected from surveys of students and educators than from surveys of the general population. Effects of treatments intended to affect response rate differed minimally by type of population.

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GREEN, KATHY E. "RESPONSE-RATE DIFFERENCES AND RESPONSE-ENHANCEMENT EFFECTS BY POPULATION TYPE." Psychological Reports 83, no. 5 (1998): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.83.5.336-338.

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22

Kohler, Eric A., Clark S. Throssell, and Zachary J. Reicher. "2,4-D Rate Response, Absorption, and Translocation of Two Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea) Populations." Weed Technology 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-089r1.

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Ground ivy is a stoloniferous, perennial weed that persists in lawn turf. With the widespread use of 2,4-D on turf sites, the development of 2,4-D–tolerant ground ivy is a possibility. Ground ivy populations showed a highly variable response to foliar 2,4-D application. Ground ivy from Nebraska (NE) was tolerant to 2,4-D, whereas Ohio (OH) ground ivy was susceptible. The 2,4-D–susceptible OH population absorbed 37% more foliar-applied14C–2,4-D than the 2,4-D–tolerant NE population. Although OH and NE populations total translocation of applied14C was similar and averaged 5%, the OH population translocated 42% more toward the apical meristem of the primary stolon than the NE population, primarily because of the OH population's higher14C–2,4-D absorption. The variation in response to 2,4-D found between these two populations occurred after exposure of roots to 2,4-D, but the effect was less pronounced. These results suggest that the difference in foliar uptake may partially contribute to differences in response to 2,4-D between these two populations. Likewise, differences in acropetal translocation may contribute to the differential sensitivity of 2,4-D–tolerant and –susceptible ground ivy populations.

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Bisley, J. W., and M. E. Goldberg. "Single neuron responses in LIP are similar to the population response." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.15.

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24

Brown, Grant E., Chris K. Elvidge, Camille J. Macnaughton, Indar Ramnarine, and Jean-Guy J. Godin. "Cross-population responses to conspecific chemical alarm cues in wild Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata: evidence for local conservation of cue production." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 2 (February 2010): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-127.

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Within freshwater fishes, closely related species produce alarm cues that are chemically similar, leading to conserved antipredator responses. Similar conservation trends are predicted for species with geographically isolated populations. Here, we tested this hypothesis with the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859) from two populations within the Aripo River, Trinidad. Free-ranging guppies in the Lower Aripo (high-predation population) exhibited more risk-aversive inspection behaviour towards a fish predator model paired with the alarm cues of guppies collected from the same population versus a river water control. In comparison, when paired with the alarm cues of guppies from the Upper Aripo (low-predation population), the response was intermediate. In the laboratory, we tested Upper and Lower Aripo guppies to the alarm cues of the same or different Aripo River donors, Quaré River guppies (a high-predation population from a different drainage), or a water control. Both Upper and Lower Aripo River guppies exhibited the highest intensity response to donors from the same population and the lowest intensity response to Quaré River donors, with the response to different Aripo donors being intermediate. Collectively, these results demonstrate a trend of intraspecific conservation of chemical alarm cue production, leading to population-specific responses to conspecific cues.

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25

Halpin, Darren, and Grant Jordan. "Interpreting Environments: Interest Group Response to Population Ecology Pressures." British Journal of Political Science 39, no. 2 (April 2009): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123408000537.

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Important articles in this Journal by Nownes in 2004 and Nownes and Lipinksi in 2005 demonstrate that ‘population ecology’ approaches are now central to interest group studies. Partly at least this move to study at population level is a consequence of the numbers of such organizations. Party scholars typically deal with far fewer cases and sui generis discussion is more defensible. Ecology seems to offer a ‘handle’ on the thousands of cases that exist in the interest group field. Nownes and Lipinski stressed the importance of environmental factors in determining group populations, and challenged group scholars to address the dynamics among interest group populations. This article argues that animal-based population ecology may be an imperfect analogy to use in making sense of group circumstances. It considers the way groups respond to opportunities and constraints.

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Kramarz, Paulina E., John E. Banks, and John D. Stark. "Density-Dependent Response of the Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Imidacloprid." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.2.200.

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A study was conducted to determine the influence of initial population density on the effects of pesticides on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), populations. Three initial starting densities of pea aphids (147, 295 and 590 aphids per m2) were exposed to no pesticide or imidacloprid at rates of 1 or 5 g ai/ha on broad bean plants, Vicia faba L., in a greenhouse. Ten days later, population size was assessed. In general, higher initial aphid population density resulted in a higher final population density for all imidacloprid concentrations. However, population growth rates for populations started with the highest density (590 aphids per m2) were significantly lower than those with initial densities of 147 and 295 aphids per m2. This was due to a relative reduction in population number. Populations begun with 147 aphids per m2 were 50% lower after exposure to the highest concentration of imidacloprid, whereas the populations begun with 295 and 590 aphids per m2 were 42 and 25% of the starting population size, respectively. Therefore, the pesticide actually had a greater impact on the population started with the highest density. This can be explained by a synergistic effect of the pesticide and crowding. The lower growth rate observed in the population started with the highest density was probably due to crowding, whereby aphids approached the carrying capacity and were stressed. Even though these populations were reduced, final density was still sufficiently high to limit resources. These results indicate that the response of organisms to stress is influenced by population density at the start of a stressful event, such as a pesticide exposure. Therefore, different experimental designs may result in different outcomes and starting population densities must be carefully considered when designing population-level toxicological experiments.

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Wood, Hannah L., Kristina Sundell, Bethanie Carney Almroth, Helén Nilsson Sköld, and Susanne P. Eriksson. "Population-dependent effects of ocean acidification." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1828 (April 13, 2016): 20160163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0163.

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Elevated carbon dioxide levels and the resultant ocean acidification (OA) are changing the abiotic conditions of the oceans at a greater rate than ever before and placing pressure on marine species. Understanding the response of marine fauna to this change is critical for understanding the effects of OA. Population-level variation in OA tolerance is highly relevant and important in the determination of ecosystem resilience and persistence, but has received little focus to date. In this study, whether OA has the same biological consequences in high-salinity-acclimated population versus a low-salinity-acclimated population of the same species was investigated in the marine isopod Idotea balthica. The populations were found to have physiologically different responses to OA. While survival rate was similar between the two study populations at a future CO 2 level of 1000 ppm, and both populations showed increased oxidative stress, the metabolic rate and osmoregulatory activity differed significantly between the two populations. The results of this study demonstrate that the physiological response to OA of populations from different salinities can vary. Population-level variation and the environment provenance of individuals used in OA experiments should be taken into account for the evaluation and prediction of climate change effects.

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Manjarrez, Javier, Constantino Macías Garcia, and Hugh Drummond. "Congenital feeding response to a novel prey in a Mexican gartersnake." PeerJ 8 (March 5, 2020): e8718. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8718.

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In this study, we explored chemosensory, ingestive and prey-catching responses of neonate Mexican Black-bellied Gartersnakes (Thamnophis melanogaster) to crayfish (Cambarellus montezumae). By comparing snakes from a recently discovered crayfish-eating population and a typical non-crayfish-eating population, we asked which behavioral components change as a species enlarges its feeding niche. In the crayfish-eating population chemosensory responsiveness to crayfish was not enhanced but its heritability was higher. Neonates of both populations showed similar preference for freshly-molted versus unmolted crayfish, and whereas the tendency to ingest both crayfish stages remained stable between ages 15 and 90 days in the non-crayfish-eating population, in the crayfish-eating population it actually decreased. Techniques to catch and manipulate molted crayfish were similar in the two populations. We discuss the possibility that there is no increase in the behavioral response to eat crayfish by the neonates of the crayfish-eating populations, possibly due to the absence of ecological and spatial isolation between the two T. melanogaster populations. The crayfish ingestion in some population of T. melanogaster can be explained by environmental differences between populations, or by recent origin of crayfish ingestion in T. melanogaster.

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Elazary, Anat Scheiman, Hagai Bergman, Revital Attia, and Hilla Ben-Pazi. "Age-Related Accelerated Tapping Response in Healthy Population." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 1 (February 2003): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.227.

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Different types of rapid tapping responses were described in the finger-tapping test. The “Hastening phenomenon” was described as an abnormal motor response in patients with Parkinson's disease. Accelerated tapping has been shown in a healthy elderly sample. It is not clear whether accelerated tapping relates to the hastening phenomenon or characterizes normal aging. We hypothesized that this sample of 21 healthy elderly people showed increased accelerated tapping but not hastening phenomenon. To assess this hypothesis, 20 healthy young and 21 elderly subjects performed a tapping test, requiring responses from 1 to 6 Hz. The healthy elderly sample showed increased accelerated tapping but not increased “hastening phenomenon.” We conclude that Accelerated tapping may represent age-related motor processes unlike the hastening phenomenon characterizing Parkinson's disease.

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Silina, Alla V. "Sex change in scallop Patinopecten yessoensis: response to population composition?" PeerJ 6 (July 12, 2018): e5240. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5240.

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Sex structure is very labile between populations and specific for each population because it is a result of genetic, ontogenetic and biocenotic influences on the mollusks. In this study, the age frequency distribution, age-sex structure, and sex ratio were assessed in the wild populations of the Yeso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay) observed at fifteen sites in the northwestern Sea of Japan (=East Sea). The sex ratio varied between the populations from 0.83:1 to 1.52:1 (males/females), with the mean sex ratio being 1.03 ± 0.05:1. Within a population, the proportions of males and females in term of number differed between age classes. Males were more numerous than females in the younger age classes, and females prevailed over males in the older age classes. It was found that in different scallop populations the sex change occurred at different ages. In the populations that predominantly consisted of young (two- to four-year-old) individuals, males prevailed over females in the age class 2 yr.; the equal male/female proportion was found in the age class 3 yr.; and in older age classes, females prevailed over males. Another pattern was observed in the populations that consisted mainly of middle-aged (five- to six-year-old) individuals. Here, the age-sex ratio became equal at an age of 4–6 years. In the old populations (mainly 6–12-year-olds) the equal male/female proportion was observed at an age of 8–10 years. Thus, the age of sex change was not uniform for the scallop populations. It depended on the age structure of the population and, thus, was socially controlled. The greater number of females in the older age classes suggests a protandric sex change.

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31

van Kooten, Tobias, Jens Andersson, Pär Byström, Lennart Persson, and André M. de Roos. "Size at hatching determines population dynamics and response to harvesting in cannibalistic fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 2 (February 2010): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-157.

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We hypothesize that size at hatching strongly affects population dynamics of cannibalistic fish species and is a crucial determinant of how populations respond to selective removal of large individuals (harvesting). We use a mechanistic mathematical model to study the relation between hatching size and response to harvesting mortality, using Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis ) as a model organism. We show how hatching size determines dynamics through its effect on the relative strength of cannibalistic mortality and resource competition as mechanisms of population regulation. In populations with intermediate and large hatching size, cannibalistic mortality is an important determinant of population dynamics, and harvesting destabilizes population dynamics. When hatching size is small, population stability is less sensitive to this type of harvesting. Populations hatching at small size are regulated by competition, and harvesting large individuals affects such populations less. Harvesting can also induce the growth of very large individuals, absent in unharvested populations. Our results show that harvesting in cannibalistic lake fish populations can strongly alter population dynamics in ways that can only be anticipated on the basis of mechanistic knowledge about how populations are regulated.

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Chapel, Sunny, Yu-Yuan Chiu, Jay Hsu, Josephine Cucchiaro, and Antony Loebel. "Lurasidone Dose Response in Bipolar Depression: A Population Dose-response Analysis." Clinical Therapeutics 38, no. 1 (January 2016): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.11.013.

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Rosa, Eugene A., Thomas Dietz, and Richard York. "Population and consumption – a response to Meyerson." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8, no. 2 (March 2010): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10.wb.005.

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Pimentel, David. "Population and invasives – a response to Meyerson." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8, no. 2 (March 2010): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10.wb.006.

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Hamann, Jens C., and Michael Overholtzer. "Entosis enables a population response to starvation." Oncotarget 8, no. 35 (August 9, 2017): 57934–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20066.

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Hakkert, Ralph, and Aart de Zeeuw. "Population, development, and human natures: a response." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 1 (February 2002): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x02220112.

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GüÇlü, Burak, George A. Gescheider, Stanley J. Bolanowski, and Yorgo İstefanopulos. "Population-response model for vibrotactile spatial summation." Somatosensory & Motor Research 22, no. 4 (January 2005): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08990220500262075.

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Peioglou-Harmoussi, S., D. Howel, P. R. Fawcett, and D. D. Barwick. "F-response behaviour in a control population." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 48, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.48.11.1152.

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Tait, Andy, Jonathan M. Wastling, Huw Smith, Annette MacLeod, and Marianne E. Mallon. "Response to: population genetics of Cryptosporidium parvum." Trends in Parasitology 20, no. 1 (January 2004): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2003.10.007.

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Jacobson, Joan M. "Nursing??s Response to the Aging Population." Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional 8, no. 3 (May 1990): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-199005000-00006.

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Wilson, James F., Michael E. Weale, Alice C. Smith, Fiona Gratrix, Benjamin Fletcher, Mark G. Thomas, Neil Bradman, and David B. Goldstein. "Population genetic structure of variable drug response." Nature Genetics 29, no. 3 (October 29, 2001): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng761.

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Demeny, Paul, and Geoffrey McNicoll. "World Population 1950-2000: Perception and Response." Population and Development Review 32, S1 (December 2006): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.tb00002.x.

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Rehmann, Jan. "Hypercarceration: A Neoliberal Response to “Surplus Population”." Rethinking Marxism 27, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2015.1007790.

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Trame, Mirjam N., Martin Bergstrand, Mats O. Karlsson, and Georg Hempel. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Busulfan in Children–Response." Clinical Cancer Research 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2012): 2717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0425.

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Bachtiar, Maulana, and Caroline G. L. Lee. "Genetics of Population Differences in Drug Response." Current Genetic Medicine Reports 1, no. 3 (July 4, 2013): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40142-013-0017-3.

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Toscano, Benjamin J., Alexandra S. Figel, and Volker H. W. Rudolf. "Ontogenetic development underlies population response to mortality." Oikos 130, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.07796.

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Souza Jr., Cláudio Lopes de, Isaias Olívio Geraldi, and Roland Vencovsky. "Response to recurrent selection under small effective population size." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 4 (December 2000): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000400023.

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Abstract:

A formula was derived for the prediction of the response to recurrent selection when the effective population size (Ne) is small. Usually, responses to selection have been estimated by Rs = icsigma²A/sigmaPh, where i, c, sigma²A, and sigmaPh stand for standardized selection differential, parental control, additive variance, and phenotypic standard deviation, respectively. This expression, however, was derived under the assumption of infinite population size. By introducing the effects of finite population size, the expression derived was Rs = [ic(sigma²A + deltaFD1)/sigmaPh] - DFID, where deltaF, ID and D1 are the changes in the inbreeding coefficient, the inbreeding depression, and the covariance of additive and homozygous dominance effects, respectively. Thus, the predicted responses to selection based on these expressions will be smaller than those based on the standard procedures for traits with a high level of dominance such as yield. Responses to five cycles of half-sib selection were predicted for maize by both expressions, considering that 100 progenies were evaluated and 10 S1 progenies were recombined, which corresponds to Ne = 10 for each cycle. The accumulated response to selection estimated with the new expression was about 47 and 28% smaller than that based on the standard expression for yield and plant height, respectively. Thus, the expression usually used overestimates the responses to selection, which is in agreement with reported results, because it does not take into account the effective population size that is generally small in recurrent selection programs

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Downer, Joshua D., James Bigelow, Melissa J. Runfeldt, and Brian J. Malone. "Temporally precise population coding of dynamic sounds by auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 148–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00709.2020.

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Fundamental questions remain about population coding in primary auditory cortex (A1). In particular, issues of spike timing in models of neural populations have been largely ignored. We find that spike-timing in response to sound envelope fluctuations is highly similar across neuron populations in A1. This property of shared envelope phase preference allows for a simple population model involving unweighted convergence of neuronal responses to classify amplitude modulation frequencies with high accuracy.

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Sengupta, S. "Estimation Of Finite Population Proportion In Randomized Response Surveys Using Multiple Responses." Sankhya B 77, no. 1 (July 16, 2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13571-014-0084-9.

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Robertson, J. L., and M. W. Stock. "TOXICOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 1 (January 1985): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent11757-1.

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AbstractThe responses of 11 population samples of sixth-instar larvae of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, to carbaryl spray were determined. Representatives of one population each from Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Washington were included. Five response levels of progressively higher tolerance were apparent; the most tolerant population sample was ca. 18 times more tolerant than the most susceptible sample to carbaryl. Trends in relationships of site characteristics and response to carbaryl were not evident. Previous spray history of an area, however, appeared to be related to response at a site; populations from sites sprayed with DDT were significantly more tolerant than those from sites where DDT had not been used. The most tolerant groups were collected from a Montana population in an area where both DDT and carbaryl had been applied. The electrophoretic characteristics of each population sample were determined. No loci detectable by electrophoresis were correlated with response to carbaryl.

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