Academic literature on the topic 'Population – Rwanda'
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Journal articles on the topic "Population – Rwanda"
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Robson, Julia, James Bao, Alissa Wang, et al. "Making sense of Rwanda’s remarkable vaccine coverage success." International Journal of Healthcare 6, no. 1 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v6n1p56.
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After the Rwandan genocide in 1994, vaccine coverage was close to zero. Several factors, including extreme poverty, rural populations and mountainous geography affect Rwandans’ access to immunizations. Post-conflict, various other factors were identified, including the lack of immunization program infrastructure, and lack of population-level knowledge and demand. In recent years, Rwanda is one of few countries that has demonstrated a sustained increase to near universal vaccination coverage, with a current rate of 98%. Our aim was to ask why and how Rwanda achieved this success so that it could potentially be replicated in other countries.Literature searches of scientific and grey literature, as well as other background research, was conducted from September 2016 through August 2017, including primary fieldwork in Rwanda. We determined that four factors have had a major influence on the Rwandan vaccine program, including strong central government leadership (political will), a culture of accountability, local ownership and a strong health value chain. Rwanda’s national immunization program is rooted in a political landscape shaped by unique aspects of Rwandan history and culture. Rwanda has a strong central government and a hierarchical chain of command supported by decentralized implementation bodies. A culture of accountability transcends the entire health system and there is local-level ownership of the immunization program, including the role of engaged community health workers and a strong health information system. Together, these four factors likely account for Rwanda’s vaccination coverage success.
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Jessee, Erin, and Sarah E. Watkins. "Good Kings, Bloody Tyrants, and Everything In Between: Representations of the Monarchy in Post-Genocide Rwanda." History in Africa 41 (April 23, 2014): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.7.
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AbstractSince assuming power after the 1994 genocide, President Paul Kagame and his political party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, have struggled to unite Rwanda’s citizens using, among other initiatives, a simplified version of Rwandan history to diminish the ethnic tensions that made the 1994 genocide possible. As a result, Rwanda’s history has become highly politicized, with vastly divergent versions of the nation’s past narrated in private settings, where it is more politically appropriate for Rwandans to share their experiences. This paper focuses on divergent representations of Rwandan monarchical figures – often unnamed – whom the narrators imbue with values according to their individual political affiliations, lived experiences, and identity. These narratives are indicative of the broader ways that modern Rwandans narrate their experiences of history in response to Rwanda’s current official history, as well as previous official histories. Careful analysis reveals much about the current political climate in post-genocide Rwanda: most notably, that Rwandans continue to see their nation’s past through vastly different lenses, demonstrating the enormous challenges facing the Rwandan government as it seeks to reconcile its population using current methods. It also highlights the ongoing need on the part of historians to approach contemporary sources critically, informed by sources produced and debated in the pre-genocide period.
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Gubic, Ilija, and Oana Baloi. "Implementing the New Urban Agenda in Rwanda: Nation-Wide Public Space Initiatives." Urban Planning 4, no. 2 (2019): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.2005.
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Rwanda, with its population of 12,600,000, growing 2.8% yearly, and significant investments in infrastructure and construction in its capital Kigali and six secondary cities identified as economic poles of growth, aims to achieve a 35% urbanisation rate by 2024. Kigali and Rwanda’s secondary cities are currently revising their master plans in response to the pressure of rapid urban growth in infrastructure and services. To address the lack of public spaces in its cities, the Ministry of Infrastructure, the Rwanda Housing Authority, local authorities, the Global Green Growth Institute, and other stakeholders have committed to deliver a range of activities in this area. Their commitments include the assessment of public spaces, which will be used as a baseline for the purpose of reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals public space indicators (11.7) and further revision of the master plans of Rwanda’s secondary cities. This article firstly builds on the existing knowledge and understanding of public spaces in Rwanda’s planning documents, followed by an examination of how multiple actors in Rwanda interact in order to promote a nation-wide public space agenda. The main findings indicate emerging forms of innovative collaboration and partnerships for public spaces involving all levels of the Rwandan government, development partners, the civil society sector, and other stakeholders. The article concludes that, as planning documents and strategies on public spaces are in place and in line with the recommendations of the New Urban Agenda, given the limited budget for its development, Rwanda needs access to innovative funding sources in order to effectively implement public space initiatives across the country.
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Moss, Sigrun Marie. "Beyond Conflict and Spoilt Identities: How Rwandan Leaders Justify a Single Recategorization Model for Post-Conflict Reconciliation." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (2014): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.291.
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Since 1994, the Rwandan government has attempted to remove the division of the population into the ‘ethnic’ identities Hutu, Tutsi and Twa and instead make the shared Rwandan identity salient. This paper explores how leaders justify the single recategorization model, based on nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with Rwandan national leaders (politicians and bureaucrats tasked with leading unity implementation) conducted in Rwanda over three months in 2011/2012. Thematic analysis revealed this was done through a meta-narrative focusing on the shared Rwandan identity. Three frames were found in use to “sell” this narrative where ethnic identities are presented as a) an alien construction; b) which was used to the disadvantage of the people; and c) non-essential social constructs. The material demonstrates the identity entrepreneurship behind the single recategorization approach: the definition of the category boundaries, the category content, and the strategies for controlling and overcoming alternative narratives. Rwandan identity is presented as essential and legitimate, and as offering a potential way for people to escape spoilt subordinate identities. The interviewed leaders insist Rwandans are all one, and that the single recategorization is the right path for Rwanda, but this approach has been criticised for increasing rather than decreasing intergroup conflict due to social identity threat. The Rwandan case offers a rare opportunity to explore leaders’ own narratives and framing of these ‘ethnic’ identities to justify the single recategorization approach.
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Desrosiers, Marie-Eve, and Susan Thomson. "Rhetorical legacies of leadership: projections of ‘benevolent leadership’ in pre- and post-genocide Rwanda." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 3 (2011): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000279.
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ABSTRACTComparing pre- and post-genocide Rwanda, this article argues that clear continuities exist between the regimes of Juvénal Habyarimana and Paul Kagame. Both have projected a remarkably similar image of ‘benevolent leadership’. Presenting themselves as harbingers of an ‘improved’ or ‘new’ Rwanda, both leaderships have claimed to be best able and willing to guide Rwanda along the right path to peace, security, ethnic unity and development. ‘Benevolent leadership’ in both periods has also served as a tool to try and shape regime relationships with international and domestic audiences. Internationally, each government has worked to promote Rwanda and its authorities as a good development partner. Domestically, these projections have served to establish norms of order and obedience. We argue that projections of ‘benevolent leadership’ have been a tool designed to win over the international community and discipline the Rwandan population.
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Banatvala, Nicholas, Alison J. Roger, Ailsa Denny, and John P. Howarth. "Mortality and Morbidity Among Rwandan Refugees Repatriated from Zaire, November, 1996." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 13, no. 2-4 (1998): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030107.
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AbstractIntroduction:Following renewed ethnic violence at the end of September 1996, conflict between Tutsi rebels and the Zairian army spread to North Kivu, Zaire where approximately 700,000 Rwandan Hutu refugees resided following the 1994 genocide. After a major rebel offensive against the camps' militia groups on 15 November, a massive movement of refugees towards Rwanda through Goma town, the capital of North Kivu, began. Massive population movements such as this are likely to be associated with substantial mortality and morbidity.Objective:To study patterns of mortality, morbidity, and health care associated with the Rwandan refugee population repatriation during November 1996.Methods:This study observed the functioning of the health-care facilities in the Gisenyi District in Rwanda and the Goma District in Zaire, and surveyed mortality and morbidity among Rwandan refugees returning from Zaire to Rwanda. Patterns of mortality, morbidity, and health care were measured mainly by mortality and health centre consultation rates.Results:Between 15 and 21 November 1996, 553,000 refugees returned to Rwanda and 4,530 (8.2/1,000 refugees) consultations took place at the border dispensary (watery diarrhea, 63%; bloody diarrhea, 1%). There were 129 (0.2/1,000) surgical admissions (72% soft tissue trauma) to the Gisenyi hospital in the subsequent two weeks. The average number of consultations from the 13 health centres during the same period was 500/day. Overall, the recorded death rate was 0.5/10,000 (all associated with diarrhea). A total of 3,586 bodies were identified in the refugee camps and surrounding areas of Goma, almost all the result of trauma. Many had died in the weeks before the exodus. Health centres were overwhelmed and many of the deficiencies in provision of health care identified in 1994 again were evident.Results:Non-violent death rates were low, a reflection of the population's health status prior to migration and immunity acquired from the 1994 cholera out-break. Health facilities were over stretched, principally because of depleted numbers of local, health-care workers associated with the 1994 genocide. Health-care facilities running parallel to the existing health-care system functioned most effectively.
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Nishimwe, Grace, Didier Milindi Rugema, Claudine Uwera, et al. "Natural Capital Accounting for Land in Rwanda." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125070.
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Land, as a valuable natural resource, is an important pillar of Rwanda’s sustainable development. The majority of Rwanda’s 80% rural population rely on agriculture for their livelihood, and land is crucial for agriculture. However, since a high population density has made land a scarce commodity, growth in the agricultural sector and plans for rapid urbanisation are being constrained, and cross-sectoral trade-offs are becoming increasingly important, with a risk that long-term sustainability may be threatened if these trade-offs are not considered. To help track land value trends and assess trade-offs, and to help assess the sustainability of trends in land use and land cover, Rwanda has begun developing natural capital accounts for land in keeping with the United Nations’ System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. This paper reports on Rwanda’s progress with these accounts. The accounting approach adopted in our study measures changes in land use and land cover and quantifies stocks for the period under study (2014–2015). Rwanda is one of the first developing countries to develop natural capital accounts for land, but the wide range of possible uses in policy analysis suggests that such accounts could be useful for other countries as well.
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Reed, Wm Cyrus. "Exile, Reform, and the Rise of the Rwandan Patriotic Front." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 3 (1996): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055567.
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In July 1994, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and its armed wing, the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA),1 entered Kigali after routing the former régime and putting an end to months of genocide in which upwards of 500,000 had lost their lives. By August, another one to two million had fled from Rwanda. All in all, nearly half of the population had been killed, displaced inside the country, or was in exile.
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Musanabaganwa, Clarisse, Vincent Cubaka, Etienne Mpabuka, et al. "One hundred thirty-three observed COVID-19 deaths in 10 months: unpacking lower than predicted mortality in Rwanda." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 2 (2021): e004547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004547.
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The African region was predicted to have worse COVID-19 infection and death rates due to challenging health systems and social determinants of health. However, in the 10 months after its first case, Rwanda recorded 10316 cases and 133 COVID-19-related deaths translating to a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.3%, which raised the question: why does Rwanda have a low COVID-19 CFR? Here we analysed COVID-19 data and explored possible explanations to better understand the disease burden in the context of Rwanda’s infection control strategies.We investigated whether the age distribution plays a role in the observed low CFR in Rwanda by comparing the expected number of deaths for 10-year age bands based on the CFR reported in other countries with the observed number of deaths for each age group. We found that the age-specific CFRs in Rwanda are similar to or, in some older age groups, slightly higher than those in other countries, suggesting that the lower population level CFR reflects the younger age structure in Rwanda, rather than a lower risk of death conditional on age. We also accounted for Rwanda’s comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies and reliable documentation of COVID-19-related deaths and deduced that these measures may have allowed them to likely identify more asymptomatic or mild cases than other countries and reduced their reported CFR.Overall, the observed low COVID-19 deaths in Rwanda is likely influenced by the combination of effective infection control strategies, reliable identification of cases and reporting of deaths, and the population’s young age structure.
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Arsenault, Joanne E., and Deanna K. Olney. "Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 1 (2021): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120975298.
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Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population – Rwanda"
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May, John. "Urgence et négligences : pression démographique et réponses politiques au Rwanda (1962-1994)." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H022.
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La thèse examine les réponses politiques à la pression démographique au Rwanda entre 1962 (indépendance) et 1994, année du génocide. Les réponses politiques sont les décisions conscientes des pouvoirs publics de prendre des mesures explicites ou implicites pour s'adapter aux effets de l'accroissement démographique ou pour le réduire. Les hypothèses de départ sont que ces réponses politiques ont été adoptées au Rwanda en réaction, et non en anticipation, à l'évolution démographique et que, prises une à une, elles sont toutes nécessaires mais pas suffisantes pour résoudre les difficultés causées par cette évolution. La thèse démontre ces hypothèses à travers l'analyse des quatre réponses mises en place : le programme d'émigration et de redistribution spatiale ("paysannats") ainsi que l'intensification agricole (réponses d'adaptation à la croissance démographique) et le lancement d'un programme national de planification familiale (1981) suivi de l'adoption d'une politique nationale de population en 1990 (réponses de maitrise de la croissance démographique)<br>The dissertation examines the policy responses to demographic pressure in Rwanda between 1962 (independence) and 1994, the year of the genocide. The policy responses are the conscious decisions of the public authorities to take explicit or implicit measures to adapt to the effects of demographic growth or reduce the growth itself. The hypotheses are that these policy responses were adopted in Rwanda in reaction to, and not in anticipation of, demographic trends and that, taken one by one, they are all necessary to avert the population growth dilemma but not sufficient to solve the demographic difficulties. The thesis demonstrates these hypotheses through the analysis of the four responses put into place : policies of emigration, population redistribution ("paysannats") and agricultural intensification (responses to cope with the population growth) and the launch of a national family planning program (1981) followed by the adoption of a national population policy in 1990 (policies to control population growth)
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Bart, François. "La paysannerie rwandaise : étude géographique d'une haute terre tropicale densement peuplée." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30033.
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La population rurale est tres largement majoritaire au rwanda : dans ce petit pays de hautes terres tres densement occupees, elle a valorise les atouts du milieu en elaborant un systeme agro-pastoral complexe, dans un paysage agraire ou l'homme est partout, disperse a travers montagnes et collines. Une tradition originale de culture de la bananeraie, qui a su s'adapter aux exigences du present, une mosaique vivriere saisonniere ou coexistent legumineuses, cereales, tubercules, une multitude de petites plantations familiales de cafeiers, un elevage diversifie assurent a la plupart des familles une alimentation decente et quelques revenus monetaires. L'evolution de la condition paysanne est aujourd'hui fortement marquee par le poids de la pression demographique. Face aux difficultes qu'elle engendre, les hommes ont procede a un amenagement minutieux des terroirs, y compris sur les pentes raides et dans les marais, et ont acheve la conquete des dernieres regions vierges. Ils sont aussi amenes a modifier certains choix culturaux, en privilegiant les tubercules aux depens d'autres plantes moins adaptees aux structures microfundiaires. Ils recherchent enfin de nouvelles ressources, pour completer celles qu'ils tirent d'exploitations devenues trop exigues. Ces initiatives ne suffisent cependant plus, des symptomes de crise apparaissent. L'etat met en oeuvre une strategie alimentaire pour doubler la production vivriere. Si on peut esperer, a condition de disposer de moyens adequats et de ne pas briser la dynamique paysanne, obtenir un accroissement sensible des rendements et une relative autosuffisance alimentaire, le probleme de l'insertion dans l'espace et dans l'economie de dix millions de rwandais suscite de vives inquietudes. La strategie alimentaire n'es<br>A rural population dominates in rwanda : in this small highland country densely occupied the most has been made of the surroundings by the use of a complex agro-pastoral system in a landscape where manking is everywhere, scattered over mountains and hills. An unusual traditional way of growing bananas, which has been adapted to today's needs, a seasonal mosaic of food crops where side by side are found legumes, root vegetables and cereals, a multitude of family small holdings of coffee trees and a varied cattle rearing give the possibility to most families to have a decent alimentation and a small source of income. The evolution of the peasant condition is today strongly marked by the demographic pressure. To face the difficulties which rise from this situation, the people have undertaken a detailed utilisation of the land, even on steep parts and in marshes, and have undertaken the conquest of the remaining virgin regions. They also had to change certain of their cultural choices, preferring root vegetables, which are better adapted to the small holding structures. They are also looking for new sources to complete those which come from holdings which have become too small. These initiatives however are not enough, symptoms of the crisis are obvious. The state is organizing an alimentary strategy to double the food production. If one may hope, as long as sufficient means are put to their disposition so as not to break the efforts of the peasantry, to get a real growth of production and achieve a certain alimentary self sufficiency, the problem of the insertion of
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Mbayiha, Patrick Manzi. "The role of Ecotourism in the Reconstruction of postwar Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7764.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)<br>The study examines the role of ecotourism in the reconstruction of post-war Rwanda. This is in the context of widespread poverty throughout Rwanda, and the government's efforts to improve the population's welfare, following years of civil war .. The study is based on secondary data review, including government's policies on poverty alleviation, literature on the role of ecotourism in development
and a case study of a national park where ecotourism is seen as bringing in much needed revenue. The study concludes that ecotourism in Rwanda has potential to contribute to economic growth, and this is in part due to the country's unique flora and fauna. However, the study also points out that several challenges to this potential remain. These include the country's still shaky security and the widespread poverty itself.
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Ndungutse, Jean-Claude. "Évolution de la population, modes de production et reproduction, rapports sociaux et développement rural : une approche des dynamiques démographiques dans leur contexte historique, économique, social, politique et culturel et leur interaction sur l'évolution des forces productrices, leurs rapports sociaux et modes de production dans le milieu rural agricole au Rwanda de l'époque pré-coloniale à 1994." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0159.
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La plupart des chercheurs (historiens, démographes, sociologues, anthropologues et autres experts qu'ils soient nationaux ou internationaux) qui ont travaillé sur le Rwanda affirment que l'accroissement rapide et la forte densité qui caractérisent sa population sont les signes d'un surpeuplement qui serait à l'origine de la pauvreté et une entrave au décollage économique de ce petit pays de l'Afrique centrale. D'autres avancent l'idée selon laquelle la guerre de 1990 et son point culminant qu'est le génocide de 1994 prendraient leur origine dans cette croissance démographique galopante et non maîtrisée qui aurait provoqué une promiscuité sociale étouffante où chaque groupe social aurait tenté de se trouver une place et un statut social. Tout en acceptant l'idée que l'équilibre entre population et ressources peut présenter structurellement des moments malthusiens, Jean-Claude Ndungutse montre que, tout au long de l'évolution de la société rwandaise, d'autres facteurs ont joué notamment les aléas climatiques, les modes de productions déséquilibrés, les ravageurs des plantes comme des criquets pèlerins et autres facteurs sociaux (violences, inégalités sociales, mauvaise gouvernance et crimes politiques, maladies et autres. . . ) qui tous, ont contribué à la dégradation du potentiel productif dans le milieu rural agricole au Rwanda. Jean-Claude Ndungutse s'inscrit dans la vision d'Esther Boserup et aborde le sujet dans une approche historique, sociologique et anthropologique<br>The main part of local and international researchers (historians, demographers, sociologists, anthropologists and other experts) who have worked on Rwanda say that the speedy increase and the high density characterizing its population are signs of underdevelopment which is a source of poverty and a hamper of the economic take off of that small country located in the central Africa. Other people believe that the 1990 war which led to 1994 genocide have their main origin in the galloping and non controlIed increase of population which provoked a tough social promiscuity where each social group tries its best to get a room and a social status. If we do accept the idea that the equilibrium between a population and its resources may structurally conduct to Malthusian moments, Jean-Claude Ndungutse shows that during the changes of the Rwandese society, some other factors such as climatic ales the inadequate production system, the plantations invaders such as insects and other social factors (violence, social inequity, bad governance and political crimes, illness, etc. . . ) should be taken into account to explain the situation. AlI of them had contributed to deteriorate the production potentials in the Rwandese agricultural rural area. Jean-Claude Ndungutse has the same point of view as Esther Boserup and treats the subject in a historical, sociological and anthropological approach
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Harebamungu, Mathias. "La gestion de l'eau dans le sud-est du Rwanda : dynamiques spatiales, mutations, acteurs, enjeux." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30021.
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Le Sud-Est du Rwanda est une région en proie à de profondes mutations depuis une quarantaine d’années. Les grandes turbulences socio-démographiques qu’a connues ce terroir ont imposé la réorganisation de l’espace rural et une profonde remise en cause des modes de gestion des ressources environnementales, notamment celle de l’eau. Avec son fort taux de croissance démographique, la population vit au quotidien des problèmes de disponibilité et d’accessibilité de la ressource, de l’amont à l’aval. L’abondance et la pénurie d’eau coexistent, les potentialités de desserte par zone sont limitées, l’intéraction homme-milieu pose la question de l’eau, de ses enjeux. L’absence d’une législation adéquate, le contrôle, les niveaux de perception par la population diversifiés, les usages de la ressource,… sont les grands défis. Ils concernent tous les acteurs de cette gestion à tous les niveaux ; en ville comme à la campagne. En même temps, les risques liés à l’eau se multiplient partout<br>The South-East region of Rwanda has been a victim of acute transformations for about forty years. The major socio-demographic unrest that characterised this land imposed the reorganisation of the rural space and calling into question modes of managing environmental resources, notably the management of water. With its high demographic growth rate, the population faces day after day problems of water availability and accessibility from upstream to downstream. Water abundance and shortage coexist, dessert possibilities are limited, and the man-environment interaction raises the issue of water and its stakes. The major challenges are the lack of appropriate legislation, control, different perception levels of the population, water uses, etc. . . The latter concern all actors of this management at all levels, in the city as well as in the countryside. At the same time, risks related to water more and more increase everywhere
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Musafili, Aimable. "Child survival in Rwanda: Challenges and potential for improvement : Population- and hospital-based studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259476.
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After the 1994 genocide and collapse of the health system, Rwanda initiated major social and health reforms in order to reduce child mortality and health inequities in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of this thesis was to assess trends in under-five mortality (U5M) and equity in child survival, to study social barriers for improved perinatal and neonatal survival, and to evaluate Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a newborn resuscitation program. In paper I we analysed trends and social inequities in child mortality 1990−2010, using data from national Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2000, 2005, and 2010. The following papers were based on hospital studies in the capital of Rwanda. In paper II we explored social inequities in perinatal mortality. Using a perinatal audit approach, paper III assessed factors related to the three delays, which preceded perinatal deaths, and estimates were made of potentially avoidable deaths. Paper IV evaluated knowledge and skills gained and retained by health workers after training in HBB. Under-five mortality declined from the peak of 238 deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI 226 to 251) in 1994 to 65 deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI 61 to 70) in 2010 and concurred with decreased social gaps in child and neonatal survival between rural and urban areas and household wealth groups. Children born to women with no education still had significantly higher under-five mortality. Neonatal mortality also decreased but at a slower rate as compared to infant and U5M. Maternal rural residence or having no health insurance were linked to increased risk of perinatal death. Neither maternal education nor household wealth was associated with perinatal mortality risks. Lack of recognition of pregnancy danger signs and intrapartum-related suboptimal care were major contributors to perinatal deaths, whereof one half was estimated to be potentially avoidable. Knowledge significantly improved after training in HBB. This knowledge was sustained for at least 3 months following training whereas practical skills had declined. These results highlight the need for strengthening coverage of lifesaving interventions giving priority to underserved groups for improved child survival at community as well as at hospital levels.
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Mulinda, Charles Kabwete. "A space for genocide: local authorities, local population and local histories in Gishamvu and Kibayi (Rwanda)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3491_1363784144.
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De, Groote Sophie. "La Stratification sociale à Kanama, Rwanda une population rurale et ses comportements économiques face au changement /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376056069.
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De, Groote Sophie. "La Stratification sociale à Kanama, Rwanda : une population rurale et ses comportements économiques face au changement." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0044.
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Si la hierarchisation de la societe etait, dans le regime precolonial, fondee sur la place que chacun occupait dans le systeme politico-economique, ou dominaient des relations de clientele, elle est, de nos jours, fonction de la possibilite pour un individu de devenir proprietaire de ses moyens de production ou salarie agricole ou urbain. Apres un rappel de l'histoire du pays et apres la presentation generale de la commune de kanama et l'expose des monographies familiales, j'ai etabli une classification sociale construite : dans cette societe, jadis rigidement hierarchisee, apparaissent cinq groupes sociaux entre lesquels existe une certaine mobilite sociale<br>While in the precolonial regime one's place in society was determined by the status one enjoyed in the political-economic system, where clientele relashionships ruled, it is today function of an individual's ownership of his means of production or existence as an agricultural or urban worker. After summarizing rwandan history, presenting kanama county in general and the results of the family study, i elaborated a social stratification model : this formerly rigidly stratified society now witnesses the emergence of five social groups which allow for a degree of social mobility between themselves
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Guichaoua, André. "Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010686.
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Apparemment tout oppose les contextes régionaux de l’Afrique des hautes terres "surpeuplée" et le Congo "sous peuple" qui constituent les deux pôles extrêmes de l’Afrique dans le domaine de la répartition des populations rurales et urbaines. Il est cependant possible de dégager certaines convergences dans l'évolution des devenirs paysans et le sort réservé aux populations rurales par les bourgeoisies "directoriales" au pouvoir. L'analyse des processus d'élaboration et de mise en œuvre des politiques agraires illustre le primat indiscuté accordé aux exigences économiques et politiques urbaines aussi bien en termes d'accumulation et de concentration des richesses que de régulation des flux migratoires. Les tentatives permanentes des partis uniques au pouvoir pour contrôler ou mettre à leur service les diverses formes de solidarité et les dynamismes propres au milieu rural complètent le dessaisissement des producteurs de la terre. Mais d'une manière générale, les processus d'exclusion et de relégation dont les populations rurales sont victimes ne suffisent pas à eux seuls à expliquer les raisons de la résignation et de la démobilisation paysannes telles qu'elles s'expriment au travers de la crispation traditionnaliste des paysans des hautes terres centrales ou plus brutalement par la désagrégation de la paysannerie congolaise "inorganisée". Aux yeux des intéressés, c'est la situation paysanne elle-même qui est désormais perçue comme insupportable en terme d'identité culturelle. En effet, si la reproduction sociale suppose que soient réunies un certain nombre de conditions "objectives" favorables, elle repose avant tout sur la conviction que le groupe social auquel on appartient à un avenir; s'appuie sur un système de valeurs socialement reconnu et valorise. Au Congo, l'effondrement du "monde paysan" est certes venu de l'incapacité des notables lignagers à transmettre aux cadets sociaux des aspirations mobilisatrices, mais plus encore de l'action de l'état "révolutionnaire" qui a pris la responsabilité de définir et de sélectionner les fractions légitimes de la paysannerie appelées a bénéficier des faveurs économiques et politiques centrales en confirmant les jeunes ruraux dans le sentiment que le droit à la reproduction sociale lui-même leur était désormais matériellement et symboliquement accorde de l'extérieur. Au Burundi et au Rwanda, la soumission des populations rurales découle de l'absence d'alternatives possibles (emplois et revenus extra-agricoles) ou autorisées (l'installation en ville). Les équilibres économiques et la cohésion politique de ces véritables états-paysans perdurent du fait de leur capacité à bloquer l'émergence d'un autre système social fait de "classes" distinctes se substituant à un ordre hiérarchique ou chacun exerce des fonctions faiblement différenciées qui concourent à la cohésion de l'ensemble. Ce cas exemplaire d'attachement à la terre et aux activités agricoles apparait donc finalement comme un contre-exemple non transposable. Les vocations paysannes n'atteignent un tel degré d'adhésion contrainte que pour autant que les possibilités de comparaison des jeunes générations avec d'autres perspectives sociales demeurent réduites. L'ordre paysan sauvegarde de l’Afrique des grands lacs n'assure sa pérennité qu'en redoublant au niveau idéologique l'enclavement géographique auquel il est condamne.
Books on the topic "Population – Rwanda"
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Rwanda. Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Ibibazo biterwa n'umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage mu Rwanda. Repubulika y'u Rwanda, Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, 2007.
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Hategekimana, Grégoire. Bibliographie annotée sur la population du Rwanda. Unité de coordination, Réseau d'information en matiere de population pour l'Afrique (POPIN-Africa), Division de la population, CEA, 1991.
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Olson, Jennifer M. Migration permanente de la population agricole au Rwanda. République rwandaise, Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et des forêts, 1990.
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Niyonzima, Théophile. Land use dynamics in the face of population increase: A study in the districts of Gatsibo and Nyagatare, Eastern Province, Rwanda. Dept. of Human and Economic Geography, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, 2009.
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National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Rwanda interim demographic and health survey, 2007-08: Preliminary report. Macro International Inc., 2008.
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Health, Rwanda Ministry of. Rwanda interim demographic and health survey, 2007-08. Ministry of Health of Rwanda, 2009.
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Blarel, Benoît. Sécurité foncière et production agricole dans un contexte de forte pression démographique: L'expérience du Rwanda. République rwandaise, Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et des forêts, SESA, 1989.
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Annie, Lenoble-Bart, ed. Montagnes d'Afrique, terres paysannes: Le cas du Rwanda. Centre d'études de géographie tropicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1993.
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Laurien, Uwizeyimana. Croissance démographique et production agricole au Rwanda: Impossible adéquation? CIDEP, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Population – Rwanda"
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Sebikabu, Daniel Ruturwa, Eric Ruvuna, and Martin Ruzima. "Population Growth’s Effect on Economic Development in Rwanda." In Rwandan Economy at the Crossroads of Development. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5046-1_5.
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"Rwanda." In World Population Prospects. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/41d8ac4c-en.
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Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "Rwanda." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0043.
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Found in East Africa, Rwanda borders the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Tanzania, Uganda, and Burundi. It is a hilly and fertile landlocked state of 26,338 square kilometres (km). It is one of the smallest countries on the continent but is densely populated with 12.2 million people in 2017. Kigali is the capital of and largest city in Rwanda. It is also Rwanda’s economic, cultural, and transport hub and is found in the centre of the country. Most of the population lives in rural areas. Rwanda has a forty-five-hour working week and the currency used is Rwandan franc (FRW).
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"Rwanda." In World Population Policies 2015. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/1d63fe06-en.
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"Rwanda." In World Population Policies 2017. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210049702c156.
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"Rwanda." In World Population Prospects 2019 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/7ef2d942-en.
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"Rwanda." In World Population Prospects 2017 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210001021c190.
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"Rwanda." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/7d231047-en.
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"Rwanda." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/778ad0b1-en.
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Niyonzima, Donatien, and Kriti Bhuju. "The Role of Community Radio in Promoting Gender Equality in Rwanda." In Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6686-2.ch018.
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Rwanda has become a role model for the progress it has made on gender equality and women empowerment. The credit of this transformation goes to the media such as community radio stations which have been constantly promoting gender equality through their programming by bringing out the gender issues, educating people on gender-based violence (GBV), leading dialogues, and coming up with solutions to promote gender equality. Drawing from the feminist theory and participatory communication concept, the results reflect that empowering community on issues related to gender and GBV is directly linked to understanding the audience perception and involving local audiences in community radio programming. This encourages people and helps to understand power relations existing in the community and promote gender equality. The results showed that community radio plays an important role in creating awareness to rural populations in Rwanda about gender issues including GBV and that it helps in empowering the rural population thereby contributing to promote gender equality in Rwanda.
Conference papers on the topic "Population – Rwanda"
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Rwampungu, Ivan, and Nobuo Mishima. "Evaluating the urban form of a mountainous city from the perspective of compactness characteristics: Kigali city, Rwanda." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sxtb2761.
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A better understanding of the composition and form of cities, and how land use changes throughout a city, can provide helpful insights for city sustainable planning. Many sustainable city models have been studied and the compact city concept has been adopted as one the sustainable model in city planning policies of many countries. However, due to dynamic nature of the city structures around the world, there exists a limited consensus on parameters and dimensions to measure urban compactness especially in the cities developed in unplanned manners. This study aims at analyzing and understanding the urban form in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. Two dimensions of spatial organization and spatial distribution of population were measured using GIS functions to objectively evaluate physical compactness. Findings reflected trend of decrease in compact form with absence of sustainable concepts due to lack of regularity authority control and haphazard development. Suggestive measures were provided for future consideration in sustainable urban development of the city.
Reports on the topic "Population – Rwanda"
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Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Rwanda 1992. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy21.1037.
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The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.