Academic literature on the topic 'Population – Syrie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Population – Syrie"
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Baker, O., H. Duday, and O. Dutour. "Marqueurs osseux d’activités physiques : étude du squelette appendiculaire d’une population nabatéo-romaine (Syrie du Sud)." Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris 24, no. 3-4 (November 16, 2011): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-011-0048-9.
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Cornac, Sylvain. "Une collaboration de circonstances: la population d'Antioche sous l'occupation égyptienne (1832-1840)." Chronos 23 (April 4, 2019): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v23i0.441.
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La présence des Égyptiens dans la ville entre 1832 et 1840 a laissé quelques traces dans la ville d'Antioche. Un palais servant de quartier général et de résidence secondaire au commandant en chef de l'armée, Ibrahim Pacha, est un des rares vestiges de cette période de huit années d'occupation (Tekin 2000 : 96). L'armée égyptienne, envoyée par le séditieux gouverneur Mehmed Ali Pacha, prit possession de la ville le Ier Août 1832 après une campagne de plusieurs mois en Syrie. La progression de ces troupes, formées à l'européenne, ne fut stoppée qu'après avoir traversé une grande partie de l'Anatolie. Le traité de Kütahya en mai 1833 marquait le retrait des forces égyptiennes des dernières zones conquises, mais consacrait la mainmise de Mehmed Ali sur les territoires syriens. Antioche se trouvait presque directement sur la nouvelle frontière qui s'était dessinée à travers le traité. L'occupation se prolongea quelque sept années pendant lesquelles le nouveau régime en place bouleversa certaines des réalités d'une petite ville de province ottomane qui avaient cours jusqu'alors.
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Bouzo, M. "P266 - Redéfinition des valeurs normales de la tsh chez une population de diabétiques de type 2 en syrie." Annales d'Endocrinologie 66, no. 5 (October 2005): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4266(05)82107-9.
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Asal, Houda. "Expressions identitaires et mobilisations des premiers migrants arabes au Canada, à travers leurs journaux (1930-1950)1." Diversité urbaine 7, no. 2 (March 28, 2008): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017816ar.
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Résumé Cette étude s’insère dans le cadre d’une recherche plus large qui s’intéresse à l’histoire de la présence arabe au Canada, à l’évolution des constructions identitaires et des mobilisations politiques de ce groupe. Durant la première période d’implantation des immigrants arabes au Canada, que sait-on d’une possible identité commune et des mobilisations réelles de cette population originaire d’une même région (Syrie, Liban, Palestine) et parlant une même langue (l’arabe)? Comment ces immigrants ont-ils choisi de faire entendre leurs voix? La lecture des journaux ethniques de la période des années 1930 aux années 1950 apporte un éclairage sur l’identité collective en construction, les activités des associations, les dynamiques de regroupement, les rapports avec la société et les mobilisations sur des questions politiques.
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Karray, Amira, Jude Mary Cénat, Daniel Derivois, Marie Anaut, and Maria-Cécilia Jacome. "SOIGNER AUX FRONTIÈRES : REGARD PSYCHODYNAMIQUE SUR LE QUOTIDIEN TRAUMATIQUE DES SOIGNANTS/RÉFUGIÉS." Revue québécoise de psychologie 38, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041839ar.
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Les soignants d’hôpitaux habitant et travaillant aux frontières turco-syriennes sont aussi des migrants ou des réfugiés syriens. Comme la population sinistrée, ils exercent leur activité professionnelle au rythme de la guerre et nécessitent également un accompagnement. Dans le cadre de l’Unité psychosociale d’une ONG internationale, un soutien psychologique en visio-conférence est proposé aux soignants en Syrie et en Turquie. Cet article propose un commentaire et une réflexion clinique sur le quotidien de ces soignants, leur santé mentale, ainsi que sur leurs mécanismes de survie psychiques, groupaux et culturels. Quatre vignettes cliniques sont commentées et discutées pour comprendre la complexité des expériences à caractère traumatique et les processus de résilience en situation de guerre, afin d’identifier des pistes d’interventions adaptées.
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Taha, Zakaria. "La population rurale et le Baath sous le régime autoritaire de Hafez et Bachar al-Assad en Syrie. Clientélisation et marginalisation." Les Cahiers d’EMAM, no. 22 (January 30, 2014): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/emam.624.
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Jomier, Augustin. "« Des perles dans leur coquillage » ? Les femmes et la réinvention du patriarcat dans l’Algérie coloniale (1882–1962)." Hawwa 17, no. 2-3 (October 23, 2019): 318–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341361.
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Résumé L’anthropologie des années 1960–1970 et l’apologétique musulmane véhiculent des visions fixistes des femmes au Maghreb. Combinées à la rareté des sources, ces idées font obstacle à la connaissance historique. À partir du cas du Mzab, une région du nord du Sahara algérien à la population majoritairement berbérophone et ibadite, cet article propose des pistes pour historiciser la condition des Algériennes durant la période coloniale. Là où Elizabeth Thompson a montré que le patriarcat a été réinventé et renforcé dans la Syrie mandataire par l’alliance des élites locales et de l’administration, cet article montre que la médiation de maîtresses femmes au Mzab a été indispensable au renforcement de la domination masculine. Un groupe de femmes savantes et pieuses, nommées les laveuses des mortes, y enseignaient la religion aux femmes et secondaient les lettrés ibadites dans leur mission. Elles furent les indispensables agents de la domination masculine, et virent leur agency accrue.
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Baier, Kristina, and Raywat Deonandan. "The Community Health Worker Model: A Grass-Roots Approach for Measles Prevention in Refugee Camps." University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v6i2.1804.
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ABSTRACTSyria’s protracted civil war has resulted in massive population movements into refugee camps. Such movements, in conjunction with lower vaccination rates, potentiate infectious disease outbreaks. Measles transmission is a continuous threat in refugee camps, and a sustainable approach to providing preventative medicine in camps is warranted. The community health worker model can be used to identify unvaccinated persons, detect probable cases and refer individuals to health clinics within the camps for prophylaxis and medical care, respectively. Through this grass-roots approach, community health workers become an on-the-ground surveillance system that can determine demographic trends and facilitate public health responses to potential outbreaks. RÉSUMÉL’interminable guerre civile en Syrie a entraîné des déplacements massifs de population vers des camps de réfugiés. De tels mouvements de population, en concomitance avec de plus faibles taux de vaccination, accroissent les risques de flambées épidémiques. La transmission de la rougeole est une menace continue dans les camps de réfugiés, et une solution durable dans l’administration de médecine préventive dans ces camps est justifiée. Le modèle des agents de santé communautaires peut être adopté pour identifier les personnes non vaccinées, détecter les cas probables et adresser ces individus aux cliniques de santé des camps pour qu’ils puissent y recevoir de la prophylaxie et des soins médicaux, respectivement. Grâce à cette approche locale, les agents de santé communautaires forment un système de surveillance sur le terrain qui permet de déterminer les tendances démographiques et de faciliter les interventions de santé publique contre les épidémies potentielles.
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Winter, Stefan. "Le rôle du kafīl (garant) dans la gouvernance locale selon les contrats d’affermage fiscal à Tripoli au XVIIe–XVIIIe siècle." Islamic Law and Society 23, no. 4 (November 17, 2016): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00234p03.
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This article explores the legal institution of kafāla/kefalet (bondsmanship; surety) and its role in shaping local communal government in Syria in the Ottoman period. Drawing on the shar‘īya court registers of Tripoli (in addition to those of Sayda and Antioch as well as the Başbakanlık archives), it shows how iltizām tax-farming contracts in the 18th century increasingly required a pecuniary guarantee for their discharge to be posted by a third party, an act specific to Ḥanafī jurisprudence but not practised uniformly throughout the region. Whereas in some places the kafāla amounted to little more than a pledge of mutual accountability, or was imposed on a community against its will, it could also be used by foreign merchants or local notables to secure the rights to a given district’s commercial produce in advance. By “investing” in revenue collection concessions, the article concludes, both the southern Lebanese Shihābī emirs and the Maronite village population used the kafāla to acquire a direct financial and ultimately political stake in the rural hinterland of Tripoli, before dispensing once more with the idea of mutual or corporative responsibility once all of the province’s tax farms passed under complete Shihābī control in 1763. Cet article traite de l'institution juridique de kafāla / kefalet (cautionnement) et de son rôle dans la gouvernance communautaire locale en Syrie à l’époque ottomane. S'appuyant sur les registres de tribunal shar‘īya de Tripoli (en plus de ceux de Sayda et d'Antioche, ainsi que sur des documents d’archives Başbakanlık), il tâche à montrer comment les contrats de ferme fiscale iltizām du XVIIIe siècle exigèrent de plus en plus qu’une tierce personne se porte garant pour leur acquittement, un acte spécifique à l’école de jurisprudence ḥanafī mais pas appliqué de façon uniforme à travers la région. Alors que la kafāla ne constitua guère plus qu’une promesse de responsabilité collective dans certains cas, ou qu’elle fut imposée à une communauté particulière contre son gré dans d’autres, elle pouvait également servir à des marchands étrangers ou à des notables locaux pour s’assurer les droits sur la production agricole d’un certain district à l’avance. En « investissant » dans de contrats de perception d’impôt d’autrui, cet article propose en conclusion, les émirs Shihābī du Liban-Sud tout comme la population villageoise maronite ont pu utiliser la kafāla pour acquérir une participation financière directe ainsi qu’un droit de regard politique sur l’hinterland rural de Tripoli, avant d’abandonner de nouveau le principe de responsabilité mutuelle ou corporative une fois que toutes les fermes fiscales de la province furent passé sous le contrôle complet des Shihābī en 1763.
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Conde, Gilberto. "Framed between change and stability Syria between people's revolution and regime survival Atrapados entre el cambio y la estabilidad: Siria entre la revolución popular y la supervivencia del régimen Entre changement et stabilité : La Syrie entre révolution populaire et survie du régime." Regions and Cohesion 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2012.020307.
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The ideological struggle deployed between the Syrian opposition groups and the government during the first year of the Syrian popular uprising is examined in this paper. Force alone was not enough for the regime to crush the revolt, at least during its first twelve months, while protesters were unable to bring down the government. The battle for cultural hegemony had to be won by one of the two sides. Protesters and the regime alike had to deploy their discourses along frames that resonated with the values, hopes and fears of Syrians. The effectiveness of the regime in securing the support of large sections of urban dwellers and its systematic violent repression led to frustration on the part of demonstrators, who ended up supporting at least morally the armed struggle. A stalemate was reached. This led to divergent framing activity within the opposition, which in turn led to its division.Spanish El artículo examina la lucha ideológica que se dio entre los grupos sirios de oposición y el gobierno durante el primer año del levantamiento popular en Siria. Durante los primeros 12 meses a partir de marzo de 2011, al régimen no le bastó con la fuerza bruta para aplastar la revuelta, aunque los manifestantes tampoco lograron tumbar al gobierno. Se dio un combate por la hegemonía cultural y uno de los bandos necesitaba ganarla. Tanto los opositores como el régimen frasearon sus discursos alrededor de aristas conceptuales (frames) en armonía con los valores, esperanzas y temores de la población siria. La e ficacia del régimen en obtener el apoyo de amplios sectores de los habitantes de las principales ciudades y la represión violenta sistemática condujeron a un sentimiento de frustración entre los manifestantes, que terminaron ofreciendo un apoyo al menos moral a la lucha armada. Se llegó a un impasse. Esto a su vez llevó a que diferentes grupos de oposición reconstruyeran su discurso en torno de aristas distintas, lo que generó división.French L'article étudie la lu e idéologique menée entre les groupes d'opposition et le gouvernement pendant la première année du soulèvement populaire en Syrie. Pendant les douze premiers mois, à dater du mois de mars de 2011, la force brute n'a pas suffiau régime pour écraser le mouvement, bien que les manifestants à leur tour n'aient pas réussi à faire tomber le gouvernement. Une lu e pour l'hégémonie culturelle s'est développée et un des deux côtés devait la gagner. L'opposition ainsi que le régime ont encadré (frame) leurs discours de sorte à qu'ils parlent aux valeurs, espoirs et peurs des syriens. Le succès du régime à gagner l'appui (ou le recul) de grands secteurs de la population des villes principales et la répression violente systématique ont produit un sentiment de frustration parmi les manifestants, qui ont fini par soutenir la lu e armée au moins moralement. La situation est arrivée à une impasse. Dans cet état, différents groupes d'opposition ont reformulé leurs discours au tour d'encadrements divergents, ce qui a mené à leur division.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population – Syrie"
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Bakfalouni, Tarek. "L'évolution de la population syrienne, 1960-1981." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H009.
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La thèse porte sur l'évolution de la population syrienne de 1960 à 1981. Elle est composée de trois parties précédées par un chapitre préliminaire destine à donner une idée générale du pays. La première partie comprend deux chapitres, dont un consacre aux sources des connaissances statistiques, à savoir : les recensements de 1960, 1970, et 1981; les enquêtes et l'état civil. Le deuxième est réserve à l'étude de la structure de la population par sexe et âge en 1960. La deuxième partie constitue le cœur du travail est composée de trois chapitres qui traite le mouvement de la population; la mortalité, la fécondité, la nuptialité; et en fonction des indices que nous avons estimes suivant la technique d'estimation indirecte, nous avons essayé de prévoir l'évolution future des composantes du mouvement. Nous avons constaté que la mortalité est en baisse et que la fécondité restait relativement constante avec une tendance à la baisse entre 1970 et 1980 et que le calendrier de la nuptialité s'allongeait, exprimant ainsi un âge au mariage en hausse. La troisième partie est destinée a l'étude comparative de la structure, par sexe et âge, entre 1960 et 1981, et a ressortir l'incidence de l'évolution du mouvement de la population sur la structure, la pyramide des âges, en fin de la période, 1981The thesis addresses itself to the evolution of the population of Syria from 1960 to 1981. It is divided into three sections preceded by an introductory chapter aimed at giving a general picture of Syria. The first section consists of two chapters; one discusses the data sources (three censuses 1960, 1970 and 1981, surveys and civil registration), while the second analyses the age and sex structure of the population in 1960. The second section is the main core of the thesis. Here the population dynamic is studied in three chapters dedicated to mortality, fertility and nuptiality, as well as their futur evolution. We found that mortality is on the decline and fertility is relatively stable with a slight tendency to decline and that age at marriage is increasing for women. The third section is a comparative study of the population structure between 1960 and 1980 and the effect of the population movement on the structure at the end of their study period
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Harzelli, Faïza. "L'évolution du patrimoine architectural résidentiel dans la vieille ville de Damas." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10064.
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Devant les contradictions de l'ambivalence du duo tradition-modernité, ce qui nous intéresse dans cette étude ce sont les manifestations spatiales et les implications socioculturelles, entre la fidélité à l'ancien et le désir de nouveau. Notre problématique de recherche s'articule autour d'un axe principal : comment se fait le passage de la vie traditionnelle à la vie moderne dans l'habitat traditionnel intra muros à Damas. Notre investigation nous a permis un large éventail de connaissance sur le monde oriental avec son patrimoine et la population qui l'occupe. Elle a été composée de trois grandes parties. Chaque partie a sa spécificité et sa propre échelle d'analyse va du macro au micro. Un premier résultat sur notre travail consiste l'image urbaine de la ville de Damas et de sa vieille ville intra muros. Ainsi, nous [sommes] arrivés à savoir [ce] qu'est une maison damascène avec toutes ses spécificités et tous ses éléments architecturaux. Ensuite, nous avons approfondi notre analyse pour connaître la population damascène. À une échelle plus fine une analyse socioarchitecturale d'un sous quartier dans la vieille ville de Damas, était le résultat d'un travail de terrain et d'une enquête. L'héritage ne constitue pas seulement un témoignage culturel et esthétique du passé, mais il doit être un élément constructif et une composante réelle du cadre de vie contemporain.
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Najem, Mohamed. "Les populations syriennes en mutation : étude géo-démographique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20000.
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L'étude géo-démographique de la Syrie nous a permis d'approfondir notre connaissance sur les difficultés majeures de ce pays du tiers-monde. Les efforts de développement se heurtent à certains obstacles, tels que l'explosion démographique de la génération présente, la mauvaise répartition de la population sur le territoire et l’émigration d'un nombre de syriens notamment les plus instruits, ce qui a porté préjudice au pays. Il est remarquable de noter que 4 millions 700 mille syriens vivent en dehors de la Syrie. Notre étude montre que la Syrie a réalisé des progrès dans les domaines de la santé et de l’éducation. Mais le pays doit fournir encore plus d'efforts dans ces secteurs pour mener à bien la transition démographique qui est en cours. Un grand nombre de défis doivent être relevés, si la Syrie souhaite rejoindre la voie des pays développés, la paix dans le Proche-Orient sera un soutien important pour le développement de la nationThe geo-demography study of Syria has allowed us to have a better knowledge of the major difficulties of this third-world country. The efforts of development have met some obstacles such as the demography explosion of the present generation, the bad repartition of the population, the emigration of a large number of Syrians particularly the better educated ones. It is worth noticing that more than four million seven hundred thousand Syrians live outside of Syria. Our study suggests that Syria needs to undertake programs of greater reforms in the fields of education and national health. The Syria of today is a country which is entering a period of demographic transition a large number of challenges with have to be faced and delt with if Syria wants to belong to the developed countries in the future. Peace in the Middle-East would be of tremendous help towards the development of the Syrian nation
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Fadel, Tamman. "La construction d'une métropole dominante - Le problème de l'étalement urbain dans la région Damascène (Syrie)." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1017/document.
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De nos jours, l’étalement urbain est devenu une préoccupation grandissante tant pour les institutions concernées (surtout les collectivités territoriales) que pour les chercheurs qui sont en quête d’analyser les facteurs favorisants ce type d’urbanisation, ainsi que les effets qui en découlent. Ce travail de doctorat s’intéresse à l’étalement urbain dans la région Damascène (en Syrie), un phénomène qui s’accélère au fil des années en menaçant les espaces agricoles de la Ghouta (l’osais de Damas). En tenant compte de la situation de Damas et le rôle qu’elle joue au niveau de la Syrie (comme la capitale d’un pays très centralisé), notre travail vise à comprendre : comment les espaces agricoles de son oasis (la Ghouta) se trouvent menacés par l’étalement urbain, alors que l’Etat semble prendre en considération l’importance vitale de ces espaces ? En s’appuyant sur plusieurs études réalisées en Syrie et en France, des données récoltées à partir des institutions syriennes, ce travail repose sur l’hypothèse suivante : la région damascène, comme le reste des métropoles nationales, est soumise aux conditions générales de l’étalement urbain, ce phénomène s'explique aussi et principalement par d'autres éléments, qualifiés de « spécificités Damascènes ». Donc, au delà d’une simple approche qui s’appuie sur les deux facteurs (démographique et économique), la particularité de cette étude se réside dans d’autres facteurs importants liés au contexte politico-administratif, mais aussi au contexte socioculturel (confessionnel)Nowdays, Urban sprawl is gaining larger attentions by institutions and researchers who are seeking to analyze its effects and the corresponding contributing factors. This PhD thesis focuses on the urban sprawl phenomenon in the region of Damascus (Syria) that is accelerating with time, and threatening the agricultural spaces of Ghouta (the oasis of Damascus). Taking into account the fact of Damascus being the capital of Syria, a very centralized country, we show in this work how the Ghouta agricultural spaces (that are of great importance as declared by the state) are threatened by this urban sprawl. Based on several studies and on data collected from Syrian local institutions, we show that the Damascus region, like the other national metropolis, is subject to the urban spreading general conditions. Finally, this phenomenon can be also mainly explained by other factors termed "specific Damascenes". Therefore, rather considering a simple approach based only on two factors (demographic and economic), the peculiarity of this PhD lies in considering some additional important factors into consideration when analyzing the urban sprawl phenomenon. Those important factors are those related to the political, administrative and sociocultural context (confessional)
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Chamel, Berenice. "Bioanthropologie et pratiques funéraires des populations néolithiques du Proche-Orient : l’impact de la Néolithisation : étude de sept sites syriens – 9820-6000 cal. BC." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22009/document.
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La Néolithisation au Proche-Orient est une période phare de l’histoire de l’humanité : c’est en effet à ce moment qu’interviennent de grands changements dans l’économie de subsistance, apportés par l’invention de l’agriculture et de l’élevage. D’autres changements dans le mode de vie sont également engendrés par la sédentarisation et, en dernier lieu, par l’invention de la céramique en tant que récipient. Ces bouleversements que connaissent les populations néolithiques s’observent aussi bien dans l’état sanitaire que dans les pratiques funéraires. Le travail entrepris a donc consisté à étudier les sépultures et les restes humains provenant de sept sites syriens répartis sur toute la période de la Néolithisation. Les pratiques funéraires se complexifient tout au long de la période, bien que les sépultures primaires et individuelles, avec un dépôt des corps en position fléchie sur le côté, soient longtemps restées la norme. Dès le PPNA, des sépultures sont directement associées à certains bâtiments, avant que des lieux d’inhumations spécifiques apparaissent à la fin du PPNB. L’étude anthropologique s’est concentrée sur les pathologies infectieuses osseuses et dentaires ainsi que sur les indicateurs de stress, selectionnés parmi les marqueurs les plus pertinents. Ainsi la tuberculose, la périostite, les caries, les abcès, la perte de dents ante-mortem, la maladie parodontale, les hypoplasies de l’émail dentaire, la Cribra orbitalia et l’hyperostose poreuse ont été systématiquement recherchés sur les squelettes. Après une étude des changements dans l’état de santé des populations site par site, les individus ont été regroupés par périodes afin de mettre en évidence l’impact de la Néolithisation dans une étude diachronique. L’avènement de l’agriculture semble avoir entrainé une augmentation des pathologies dentaires et des indicateurs de stress à la période du PPNB ancien, tandis qu’un pic de stress, enregistré au PPNB moyen, pourrait être relié à l’introduction de l’élevage, qui a pu entrainer des carences alimentaires et peut-être l’apparition de nouvelles maladies infectieuses. De même, la plupart des indicateurs laissent entrevoir une certaine dégradation de l’état sanitaire lors de la dernière période étudiée, le Néolithique céramique. Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence que les changements intervenus dans l’état de santé sont loin d’être linéaires ; des fluctuations se produisent entre les périodes selon les différents indicateurs, et c’est au PPNB qu’apparaissent les bouleversements les plus importants. Il semblerait en outre que le degré de gravité des pathologies évolue de façon non linéaire tout au long de la NéolithisationThe Neolithisation of the Near-East is a key period in the history of humanity, when huge changes occur in subsistence economy, triggered by agriculture and animal husbandry. Other changes in lifestyle are generated by sedentarization and eventually by the invention of pottery as container. The disruptions known by the Neolithic populations are to be found both in their health status and funerary practices. The sepultures and human remains from seven Syrian archaeological sites are studied in this work over the entire period of Neolithisation. The funerary practices become more complex over time, although the primary individual sepultures, with the corpse laid in a flexed position on one side, remain the standard for a long time. From the PPNA, some sepultures are directly associated with particular buildings, until specific burial areas appear towards the end of the PPNB. The bioanthropological study focuses on infectious diseases affecting bones and teeth and on stress indicators, with a selection of the most relevant features. The skeletons were thus systematically examined for signs of tuberculosis, periostitis, dental caries and abcesses, ante-mortem tooth loss, periodontal disease, dental hypoplasia, Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. A site by site study of health status changes was carried out first, then the individuals were gathered by period in order to bring to light the impact of the Neolithisation processes in a diachronic study. The advent of agriculture seems to have entailed an increase in dental pathologies and stress indicators in the early PPNB, and a peak of stress registered in the middle PPNB could be related to the introduction of animal husbandry, creating dietary deficiency and new infectious diseases. Most of the markers indicate a deterioration in health status during the last studied period, the Pottery Neolithic. This work establishes that changes in health status were far from linear; the different indicators pointing to fluctuations between the periods, with the most important changes featuring in the PPNB. Furthermore, it suggests that the severity of the pathologies evolved in a non linear way throughout the Neolithisation
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Maswada, Tayseer Abdel-Hafez. "The demographic characteristics of Palestinian refugees in Syria, 1949-1992." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300476.
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Rezk, Ayham. "Population changes and labour market accounts in Syria, 1994-2004." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4136.
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Population growth in Syria 1994-2004 varied regionally, as did economic growth, and it was at the regional scale of Syrian labour market where the effects of these changes were seen. The contribution of this thesis is to empirically examine how the processes in the regional labour markets were influenced by demographic changes and varying economic opportunities. It examines these variations and determines how the regions responded to imbalances of growth in labour supply and demand. The methodology of labour market accounts distinguishes the role of demographic and economic components in each regional labour market, and identifies how far natural growth of the economically active population was absorbed by adequate employment growth in the period 1994-2004. Most regions saw substantial job shortfalls, largely due to increasing numbers of young people seeking work at a time of slow economic growth. This thesis shows the regional variations in this problem, which in some regions was highlighted by the extent to which female economic participation increased from traditionally very low levels. The combination of job shortfalls and changing economic activity rates led to an increasing labour supply imbalance, and consequently increasing unemployment or net out-migration. This research shows that the labour market accounts method can be applied to the regions of Syria. The insights gained from the analysis suggest that similar analyses may be worth pursuing in countries with similar socio-economic challenges arising from stalling economic growth when labour supply was still growing due to previously rapid demographic growth and a 'catching up' in female economic participation. These circumstances have led this thesis to introduce the supply imbalance measure to labour market accounts: presenting the data in this way highlights economic and social challenges emerging in each region. The research also highlights limitations to applying this method in a situation where the datasets present some difficulties and the populations captured by each are variable. The implications gained from this research have to be seen rather hypothetical now that Syira's population is radically changing due to ongoing conflict which began in 2011.
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Alburaki, Mohamed. "Analyse de la diversité moléculaire et morphométrique des populations d'abeilles de Syrie Apis mellifera syriaca : application à la conservation et à la sélection des populations d'abeilles." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066199.
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Pour étudier la diversité génétique et morphométrique des populations d'abeille syrienne Apis mellifera syriaca, nous avons réalisé un échantillonnage de 1800 colonies d'abeilles couvrant trois pays différents: la Syrie, le Liban et l'Irak. Une abeille par colonie a été échantillonnée et conservée individuellement dans de l'alcool absolu. Ces abeilles ont été disséquées et les ailes conservées pour d'éventuelles analyses morphométriques. L'extraction des ADN totaux a été effectuée sur les thorax de ces abeilles. Chaque échantillon a ensuite été analysé pour deux marqueurs moléculaires: i) l'ADN mitochondrial, ii) 14 Loci microsatellites. Concernant le premier marqueur moléculaire, une CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphisms) a été effectuée dans la région intergénique non codante située entre les sous unités I et II du gène de la Cytochrome Oxydase (COI-COII). Cette analyse a permis l'identification de 18 nouveaux haplotypes spécifiques de l’abeille syrienne Apis mellifera syriaca inconnus auparavant et qui forment un sous groupe (nommé Z) de la lignée évolutive africaine (A). Ces haplotypes Z qui appartiennent à la lignée africaine et non pas à la lignée orientale comme cela a été décrit dans des études précédentes ont été ultérieurement séquencés et soumis à GenBank sous les numéros d'accès suivants: HM236202 - HM236219. D’autre part, les résultats moléculaires des populations d’abeilles de Syrie ont identifié, dans plusieurs régions syriennes, des importations d’abeilles étrangères comme mellifera, ligustica et carnica. Les populations d’abeilles de Syrie se trouvent dans une zone géographique influencée par deux lignées évolutives: la lignée orientale (O) au Nord et la lignée africaine (A) au Sud. La Syrie est située dans une zone d’introgression naturelle entre ces deux lignées expliquant l’incohérence des résultats trouvés dans la littérature. Cette influence se traduit par une forte introgression allélique de la lignée orientale dans les populations syriennes du Nord tandis que les populations du Sud, caractérisées par les haplotypes Z, appartiennent majoritairement à la lignée africaine (A). L’approche de la morphométrie géométrique confirme clairement les résultats moléculaires obtenus dans cette étude et s’avère une approche prometteuse pour la caractérisation des sous-espèces d’abeilles mellifères
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Iaria, Vanessa. "Iraqi refugees' assisted and spontaneous return from Syria and Jordan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45656/.
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The thesis investigates the causes and nature of return in the context of the Iraqis displaced to Syria and Jordan after the 2003 US-led war in Iraq. It combines critical International Relations theories with transnational approaches in Migration Studies to investigate: (1) how regional and international geopolitics have shaped asylum and migration regimes in the Middle East; (2) how Iraqi forced migrants have interacted with such regimes in order to reach safety, sustainable livelihoods and personal development opportunities and; (3) the decision-making processes and transnational migration practices of Iraqi individuals and families. It finds that Iraqis' returns result from the uneasy interaction between international and national asylum and migration regimes and the lack of agreement on a common legal framework for durable solutions to the Iraqi displacement. The presence and mobility of the Iraqis in Syria and Jordan are regulated within national immigration systems. The immigration and residency policies of the home and host governments confirm the historical importance of voluntary and involuntary population movements as a nation-building and governance tool in the Middle East. Regional governments and international agencies manage the Iraqi displaced and steer their return through the provision, or the lack thereof, of assistance and information. The Iraqis respond to the limited institutional assistance and information by developing independent coping strategies and informal information and communication systems based on the use of information and communication technologies and on their transnational mobility and social networks. Transnational mobility and livelihoods therefore constitute a precondition for Iraqis' sustainable return and reintegration in home societies undergoing political and socio-economic transition. In this context, return is a complex process that takes time and entails various degrees and modalities of transnational mobility, social networks and livelihoods connecting host and home societies.
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Parzies, Heiko Kurt. "Investigation of the population structure of barley landraces (Hordeum vulgare L.) from different eco-geographical environments in Syria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27170.
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The purpose of the present study was to identify suitable genetic markers, to use these to characterise the population structure and diversity of barley landraces, and to investigate how population structure is influenced by environmental conditions. Results were compared with those achieved for accessions of wild barley and modern cultivars in order to investigate the influence of domestication and cultivation on mating system and population structure. Implications of the results for breeding strategies in low input agriculture and for conservation strategies were investigated. Two recent accessions of wild barley and 15 recent accessions of BLRs were available from Syria, where landraces are still under cultivation. Seven earlier accessions of the same landraces from Syria were available from gene banks. Modern cultivars and progeny of known pedigree were available from barley breeders. Genetic indices of accessions were analysed using three contrasting types of genetic markers, morphological , isoenzyme and molecular markers, respectively. Standard methods of population genetics were used to analyse the population structure of accessions. Environmental conditions of the sampling sites were analysed using the geographical information system ArcView. Results showed that BLRs are predominantly inbreeding populations with a low outcrossing rate of 1.7%. The same outcrossing rate has been reported for wild barley, so that it can be assumed that domestication has not influenced the outcrossing rate. Recently collected BLRs showed a high level of diversity and a regionally localised and geographically variable population structure. Harsh environmental conditions seem to increase diversity of BLRs. Genetic diversity may have been lose through the process of domestication. More diversity was found within populations of wild barley, while BLRs showed a higher proportion of diversity between accessions, for two of the three molecular markers used. Little diversity was found between modern cultivars, and no diversity within them. This may imply that modern breeding methods have led to a loss of diversity in the current gene pool.
Books on the topic "Population – Syrie"
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Al-Dbiyat, Mohamed. Homs et Hama en Syrie centrale: Concurrence urbaine et développement régional. Damas: Institut français de Damas, 1995.
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Tomczyk, Jacek. Odontologiczne wyznaczniki stresu a czynniki środowiskowe kształtujące populacje z doliny środkowego Eufratu (Syria): Odontological stress indicators and factors affecting the population of the Middle Euphrates Valley. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, 2012.
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Sophie, Berthier, and Institut français de Damas, eds. Peuplement rural et aménagements hydroagricoles dans la moyenne vallée de l'Euphrate, fin VIIe-XIXe siècle: Région de Deir ez Zōr-Abu Kemāl, Syrie : Mission Mésopotamie syrienne, archéologie islamique, 1986-1989. Damas: Institut français d'études arabes de Damas (IFEAD), 2001.
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Winckler, Onn. Demographic Developments and Population Policies in Baathist Syria (Studies in Demographic Developments and Socioeconomic Policies). Sussex Academic Press, 1999.
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Babar, Zahra, ed. Mobility and Forced Displacement in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531365.001.0001.
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The Middle East is currently facing one of its most critical migration challenges, as the region has become the simultaneous producer of and host to the world’s largest population of displaced people. As a result of ongoing conflicts, particularly in Syria, Libya, Iraq, and Yemen, there have been sharp increases in the numbers of the internally displaced, forced migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers. Despite the burgeoning degree of policy interest and heated public discourse on the impact of these refugees on European states, most of these dislocated populations are living within the borders of the Middle East.This volume is the outcome of a grants-based project to support in-depth, empirically based examinations of mobility and displacement within the Middle East and to gain a fuller understanding of the forms, causes, dimensions, patterns, and effects of migration, both voluntary and forced. As the following chapters in this volume will demonstrate, through this series of case studies we are seeking to broaden our understanding of the population movements that are seen in the Middle East and hope to emphasize that regional migration is a complex, widespread, and persistent phenomenon in the region, best studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. This volume explores the conditions, causes, and consequences of ongoing population displacements in the Middle East. In doing so, it also serves as a lens to better understand some of the profound social, economic, and political dynamics at work across the region.
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James, Simon. The Roman Military Base at Dura-Europos, Syria. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743569.001.0001.
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Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture. Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world.
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García, María Cristina. Refuge in the National Security State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655303.003.0004.
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In response to the terrorist attacks of 1993 and 2001, the Clinton and Bush administrations restructured the immigration bureaucracy, placed it within the new Department of Homeland Security, and tried to convey to Americans a greater sense of safety. Refugees, especially those from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, suffered the consequences of the new national security state policies, and found it increasingly difficult to find refuge in the United States. In the post-9/11 era, refugee advocates became even more important to the admission of refugees, reminding Americans of their humanitarian obligations, especially to those refugees who came from areas of the world where US foreign policy had played a role in displacing populations.
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Bseiso, Jehan, Michiel Hofman, and Jonathan Whittall, eds. Everybody's War. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514641.001.0001.
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This book explores the history of health care in postcolonial state-making and the fragmentation of the health system in Syria during the conflict. It analyzes the role of international humanitarian law (IHL) in enabling attacks on health facilities and distinguishes the differences between humanitarian solutions and refugee populations’ expectations. It also describes the way in which humanitarian actors have fed the war economy. The book highlights the lived experience of siege in all its layers. It examines how humanitarian actors have become part of the information wars that have raged throughout the past ten years and how they have chosen to position themselves in the face of grave violations of IHL.
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Jones, Richard J. Anglican Schools in Muslim-Majority Societies, 1910–2010. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199643011.003.0016.
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When the Christian movement inserts itself into a culture, indigenous institutions serving to inculcate values and to teach both a world-view and religious rites are necessarily affected. In societies where Islam was dominant or was reviving in the period 1910–2010, Christian schools had to win acceptance from local parents as well as from political authorities. Anglican missionaries in northern India; in greater Syria, Egypt, and Sudan; and in East and West Africa engaged their host societies at differing levels. Some proffered literacy in local languages, aiming to equip Bible readers and Church leaders. Others aimed to prepare elites to become social leaders using Western logic and techniques. Some Anglican schools retained their Christian ethos by confining their work to underserved populations, or by good service to elites; others were absorbed into state-run school systems.
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Christine, Gray. 1 Law and force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808411.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides a background to the renewed debate about the legal constraints on the use of force imposed by the UN Charter after the Second World War. The increasing conflicts within states have raised legal questions, first, as to whether there can be a right of unilateral humanitarian intervention to protect citizens from their own governments, second, as to the content of the more recent doctrine of Responsibility to Protect (R2P)—the responsibility of the ‘international community’ to protect a population from war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity by the government, and third as to the existence of a right to intervene to overthrow a repressive regime. Even more controversially, the conflict in Syria has brought renewed debate about the scope of the right to self defence in counter terrorism operations. This chapter discusses the problems with the identification of international law on the use of force, the role of international law in this area, and the complexities of any inquiry into its effectiveness.
Book chapters on the topic "Population – Syrie"
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Rizzolli, Helmut, and Federico Pigozzo. "Economic and Social Aspects of the Trade of Luxury Goods between Africa and Europe: Ostrich Feather." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 507–17. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.26.
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In Europe, in the Middle Ages, ostrich feathers were used for the decoration of military headgear, as a representation of the high lineage of the possessor and his military virtues. They were imported from the coasts of West Africa, from Egypt and Syria into Italian and Spanish ports and from there exported to England and continental Europe. Venice, at the end of the fourteenth century, began to color feathers and soon the new fashion was spread throughout Europe. During the fifteenth century, even women began to use ostrich feathers on their hats or in their fans. When European ships reached America, Central Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean, a huge amount of exotic bird feathers became available and ostrich feather fad spread through the population.
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Gerd, Lora. "The Palestine Society: Cultural Diplomacy and Scholarship in Late Tsarist Russia and the Soviet State." In European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918–1948, 273–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55540-5_14.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the role of Russian institutions in Palestine before, during and after WWI. The task of the first Russian mission was the control over the distribution of Russian donations, supporting Orthodoxy against Catholic and Protestant proselytisation and organising pilgrimages. Being founded with both political and philanthropic aims, the Russian organisations in Palestine supported the local Orthodox Arab population. Along with the traditional colonial modes of “soft power” in Palestine and Greater Syria (acquiring land and organising schools), on the eve and during WWI more flexible trends appear, providing a dialogue and cooperation with both the Greek Patriarchate and the Arab party. After the revolution of 1917 the Russian presence in Palestine was reduced to a few institutions of the Russian Church Abroad, and lost its political significance.
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Calbimonte, Jean-Paul, Simon Martin, Davide Calvaresi, and Alexandre Cotting. "A Platform for Difficulty Assessment and Recommendation of Hiking Trails." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 109–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_9.
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AbstractIn recent years, the popularity of hiking has steadily increased across different segments of the population. Although there is considerable evidence of the benefits for hikers regarding physical and mental health, the inherent risks of these outdoor activities cannot be underestimated. Accident prevention and an increase of awareness about possible risks are necessary to minimize hiking and pedestrian tourism’s negative consequences. In most hiking information maps and interactive applications, there is usually not enough information about difficulty points or the granularity level required to provide tailored recommendations to hikers with physical or psychological limitations. In this paper, we present Syris, a geo-information system for hiking itineraries that incorporates Points-Of-Difficulty to assess the level of effort, technique, and risk of hiking trails. The system allows users to filter itineraries and obtain recommendations based on the assessment of difficulty following a well-established methodology. The system has been implemented, deployed and tested with real data in the region of Val d’Anniviers in Switzerland, and is openly available to enable further developments and refinement.
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Foy, Roman-Oliver. "« Il n’y a pas de justice ! » : stratégies et opinions de la population locale suite à la liquidation d’une ferme d’État (l’Établissement al-Assad à Meskéné)." In Développer en Syrie, 135–57. Presses de l’Ifpo, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.ifpo.6556.
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Harel, Yaron. "The Jewish Population of Syria." In Syrian Jewry in Transition, 1840-1880, 25–44. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113652.003.0003.
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This chapter compares and contrasts the large Jewish communities of Aleppo and Damascus in nineteenth-century Syria, as well as their distinctive features that affect the nature and speed of its response to the Tanzimat. It examines the Jewish population's geographical distribution and demography, the defining characteristics of Jewish social identity and stratification, and the role of Jews in the local economy during the Tanzimat era. It also explores the nature of the Jewish leadership and the communal administration, and both traditional and modern Jewish education. The chapter discusses how the Ottoman regime imposed few restrictions on the economic activity of Jews, who were neither barred from nor forced to pursue particular occupations. It talks about the reorganization and remodelling of the structure of the Syrian Jewish communities under the influence of the Ottoman reforms in the mid-nineteenth century.
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Shalev, Aryeh. "The Druze Population on the Golan Heights." In Israel and Syria: Peace and Security on the Golan, 95–98. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429039126-12.
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"THE POPULATION OF OTTOMAN SYRIA AND IRAQ, 1878-1914." In Population History of the Middle East and the Balkans, 173–210. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225605-010.
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"DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL COMPARISONS: OTTOMAN AND MANDATORY SYRIA, LEBANON, AND PALESTINE." In Population History of the Middle East and the Balkans, 211–32. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225605-011.
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Bâli, Aslı, and Aziz Rana. "The Wrong Kind of Intervention in Syria." In Land of Blue Helmets. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520286931.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the United Nations's intervention in Syria since early 2011, with particular emphasis on its efforts to address the civil war's international security dimensions, to respond to the urgent humanitarian needs of the civilian population, and to create a political framework for conflict resolution. It first considers how local and external forces have generated cyclical dynamics within Syria that not only have compromised each prong of the organization's work but also have led to increasingly disastrous results. It then discusses the UN's approach to Syria through the Security Council, along with the work of the organization's humanitarian agencies. It also describes the repeated failure of peace and humanitarian efforts in Syria, emphasizing the multiple forms of foreign intervention currently at play in the country and the extent to which such intervention—working to prolong the military character of the conflict—is fundamentally divorced from and at odds with UN initiatives.
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Harel, Yaron. "‘Ships of Fire’." In Syrian Jewry in Transition, 1840-1880, 199–234. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113652.003.0011.
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This chapter recounts how Western influences began to penetrate the Middle East in the early eighteenth century. It discusses European ideas that infiltrated the East, which were transmitted by Muslim travellers and diplomats in Europe and by western visitors to the East. It also mentions Egyptian rule that brought the official inauguration of the first foreign consulates in Syria, whose presence fostered contacts between representatives of European Christian powers and the local Damascus population. The chapter reviews the direct link between British Jewry's pre-eminent role on behalf of Middle Eastern Jewry until 1860. It discusses the alliance activity in Syria that had a direct impact on the changed attitude of the French consulates in Damascus and Aleppo towards Jewish residents.
Conference papers on the topic "Population – Syrie"
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Nagi, Karim, Ishita Gupta, Hamda A. Al-Thawadi, Ayesha Jabeen, Mohammed I. Malk, Semir Vranic, and Ala-Eddin Al-Moustafa. "Comparison of Co-Presence of Epstein-Barr Virus and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Colorectal Cancers in the Middle East Region." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0121.
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Background: Several studies have shown the presence of onco viral DNA in colorectal tumor tissues. Viral infection by onco-viruses such as Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are well-known to be involved in the onset and/or progression of numerous human carcinomas. Methods: We explored the co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in a cohort of colorectal cancer samples from Lebanon (94) and Syria (102) by PCR, immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Results: The results of the study point out that 54% of colorectal cancer cases in Syria are positive for high-risk HPVs, while 30% of the cases in Lebanon are positive for these viruses; the most frequent high-risk HPV types in these populations are 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35. Analysis of LMP1 showed similar results in both populations; 36% of Syrian and 31% of Lebanese samples. Additionally, we report that EBV and high-risk HPVs are co-present in these samples. In Syrian samples, EBV and HPVs are co-present in 16% of the population, however, in the Lebanese samples, 20% of the cases are positive for both EBV and HPVs; their co-presence is associated with high/intermediate grade invasive carcinomas. Conclusion: These data suggest that EBV and high-risk HPVs are co-present in human colorectal cancers where they can cooperate in the progression of these cancers. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of those oncoviruses in the development of human colorectal carcinomas.
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Kunhipurayil, Hasna, Muna Ahmed, and Gheyath Nasrallah. "West Nile Virus Seroprevalence among Qatari and Immigrant Populations within Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0197.
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Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely spread arboviruses worldwide and a highly significant pathogen in humans and animals. Despite frequent outbreaks and endemic transmission being reported in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), seroprevalence studies of WNV in Qatar are highly lacking. Aim: This study aims to investigate the actual prevalence of WNV among local and expatriate communities in the Qatar using a large sample size of seemingly healthy donors. Method: A total of 1992 serum samples were collected from donors of age 18 or older and were tested for the presence of WNV antibodies. Serion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial microplate kits were used to detect the presence of the WNV IgM and IgG. The seropositivity was statistically analyzed using SPSS software with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgG and IgM in Qatar was 10.3% and 3.4%, respectively. The country-specific seroprevalence according to nationality for WNV IgG and IgM, respectively, were Sudan (37.0%, 10.0%), Egypt (31.6%, 4.4%), India (13.4%, 3.2%), Yemen(10.2%, 7.0%), Pakistan (8.6%, 2.7%), Iran (10.6%, 0.0%), Philippines (5.4%, 0.0%), Jordan(6.8%, 1.1%), Syria (2.6%, 9.6%), Palestine (2.6%, 0.6%), Qatar (1.6%, 1.7%), and Lebanon (0.9%, 0.0%). The prevalence of both IgM and IgG was significantly correlated with the nationality (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Among these tested nationalities, Qatar national has a relatively low burden of WNV disease. The highest prevalence of WNV was found in the Sub Saharan African nationalities like Sudan and Egypt. The seroprevalence of WNV is different from the previously reported arboviruses such as CHIKV and DENV, which was highest among Asian countries (India and Philippines). Further confirmatory tests such as viral neutralization assays are needed to confirm the IgM seropositivity in these samples since these samples could be a source of viral transmission through blood donation.
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Gupta, Ishita, Ayesha Jabeen, Maria K. Smatti, Hamda A. Al-Thawadi, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Ali A. Sultan, Moussa Al-Khalaf, Semir Vranic, and Ala-Eddin Al-Moustafa. "Co-Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein Barr Virus in Healthy Blood Donors in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0120.
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Introduction: Infections with human oncoviruses such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are globally prevalent in the adult population. Both viruses are strongly associated with several types of human carcinomas such as cervical, head and neck, nasopharyngeal and gastric. In the present study, we explored the prevalence of these two oncoviruses in the healthy population of Qatar. Methods: The study included 385 healthy blood donors that reflect diverse nationalities in the Qatari community (Qatar, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Pakistan, and India). DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and genotyping was done using PCR and nested-PCR targeting E6 and E7 as well as LMP1 genes of HPVs and EBV, respectively. Results: The age of participants (378 males and 7 females) ranged between 19 and 68 years (mean 37.12 ± 9.3 years). Our data indicate that 55% and 61% of the tested samples were HPVs and EBV positive, respectively. Moreover, we found that there was (40%) co-presence of both HPVs and EBV in our samples. The most common high-risk HPV types in Qatar included HPV 59 (55%), 31 (54%), 52 (49%), 51 (49%), 58 (47%) and 35 (46%). While, HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 38% and 36% of the samples, respectively. Notably, all samples showed multiple HPVs infections. Conclusion: Our study reveals for the first time a high prevalence of both EBV and HPVs among healthy individuals in Qatar. More significantly, most cases had multiple HPV types infection in addition to the co-presence of both viruses in a substantial proportion of the samples. Given the important possible cooperative role of these viruses in human carcinogenesis, preventive measures using available and upcoming vaccines are of paramount importance.
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Goldie, Stephan E. "Two Thousand New, Million-Person Cities by 2050 – We Can Do It!" In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ysfj6819.
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In 1950 three quarters of a billion people lived in large towns and cities, or 30% of the total world population of over 2.5 billion. By 2009 this had grown to 3.42 billion, just over half of a total population of over 6.8 billion. The United Nations Secretariat currently forecasts that in 2050 6.4 billion, 67% of a total of almost 9.6 billion people will live in urban areas. Just over a third of that growth, around one billion people, is expected to be in China, India and Nigeria, but the remaining two billion will be in the countries around those countries: a massive arc stretching across the world from West Africa through the Middle East, across Asia and into the Pacific. In these other countries, an additional two billion urban residents over thirty years translates into a need to build a new city for a population of one million people, complete with hospitals, schools, workplaces, recreation and all the rest, at a rate of more than four a month: 2000 cities, in countries with little urban planning capability! In addition, the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) include goal 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, so these new cities should demonstrate a level of planning competence and city management ability that many towns and cities in the world are struggling to achieve. Notwithstanding the scale of the problem, the size and cost of the planning effort is demonstrated to be feasible, provided that action is swift and new technologies are developed and applied to the planning and approvals processes. Of course, taking these plans to construction is a much bigger effort, but the economy of cities is strongly circular, meaning that the initial cash injection generates jobs that pay wages that are spent on rent and goods within the city, which then generate profits that fund developments that generate jobs, etc. However, this requires good governance, a planning consideration that must also be addressed if the full benefits of planning, designing and building 2000 cities in the Third World are to be enjoyed by the citizens of those cities. Finally, failure is not an option, because “If we don't solve this equation, it is not that people will stop coming to cities. They will come anyhow, but they will live in slums, favelas and informal settlements” (Arevena, 2014), and we know that slums the world over produce crime, refugees and revolution, and then export these problems internationally, one way or another. The world most certainly does not want more refugees or another Syria, so planners must rescue us from that future, before it happens!
Reports on the topic "Population – Syrie"
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RESEARCH PRIORITIES: Western Balkans Snapshot. RESOLVE Network, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rp2020.1.wb.
Full textAbstract:
Amidst the evolving threat of violent extremism (VE) worldwide, the Western Balkans face substantial challenges to social cohesion and stability. As elsewhere, narratives of religious, far right, and nationalist militancy resonate with vulnerable youth populations in Western Balkan countries where a history of ethnic, religious, and civil strife created a situation vulnerable to terrorist recruitment at home and abroad. Individuals who traveled to fight alongside violent extremist organizations abroad are returning to their home countries following the territorial losses of extremist groups in Syria and Iraq. At the same time, ethno-nationalist extremism continues to gain traction and expand across the region. While some of these topics have received increased attention in the current body of literature, others remain under-researched. Existing research topics also require more field research and deeper conceptual foundation. The resulting gaps in our collective understanding point to the need for further research on evolving social and VE dynamics in the Western Balkans. More rigorous and grounded research, in this regard, can help inform and improve efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE) in the region. In 2019, the RESOLVE Network convened local and international experts to discuss research gaps and develop a preliminary list of research priorities for P/CVE moving forward in the Western Balkans. The topics identified in this Research Priorities Snapshot reflect their collective expertise, in-depth understanding, and commitment to continued analysis of VE trends and dynamics in the region.