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Books on the topic 'Population – Syrie'
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1
Al-Dbiyat, Mohamed. Homs et Hama en Syrie centrale: Concurrence urbaine et développement régional. Damas: Institut français de Damas, 1995.
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2
Tomczyk, Jacek. Odontologiczne wyznaczniki stresu a czynniki środowiskowe kształtujące populacje z doliny środkowego Eufratu (Syria): Odontological stress indicators and factors affecting the population of the Middle Euphrates Valley. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, 2012.
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3
Sophie, Berthier, and Institut français de Damas, eds. Peuplement rural et aménagements hydroagricoles dans la moyenne vallée de l'Euphrate, fin VIIe-XIXe siècle: Région de Deir ez Zōr-Abu Kemāl, Syrie : Mission Mésopotamie syrienne, archéologie islamique, 1986-1989. Damas: Institut français d'études arabes de Damas (IFEAD), 2001.
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4
Winckler, Onn. Demographic Developments and Population Policies in Baathist Syria (Studies in Demographic Developments and Socioeconomic Policies). Sussex Academic Press, 1999.
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5
Babar, Zahra, ed. Mobility and Forced Displacement in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531365.001.0001.
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The Middle East is currently facing one of its most critical migration challenges, as the region has become the simultaneous producer of and host to the world’s largest population of displaced people. As a result of ongoing conflicts, particularly in Syria, Libya, Iraq, and Yemen, there have been sharp increases in the numbers of the internally displaced, forced migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers. Despite the burgeoning degree of policy interest and heated public discourse on the impact of these refugees on European states, most of these dislocated populations are living within the borders of the Middle East.This volume is the outcome of a grants-based project to support in-depth, empirically based examinations of mobility and displacement within the Middle East and to gain a fuller understanding of the forms, causes, dimensions, patterns, and effects of migration, both voluntary and forced. As the following chapters in this volume will demonstrate, through this series of case studies we are seeking to broaden our understanding of the population movements that are seen in the Middle East and hope to emphasize that regional migration is a complex, widespread, and persistent phenomenon in the region, best studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. This volume explores the conditions, causes, and consequences of ongoing population displacements in the Middle East. In doing so, it also serves as a lens to better understand some of the profound social, economic, and political dynamics at work across the region.
6
James, Simon. The Roman Military Base at Dura-Europos, Syria. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743569.001.0001.
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Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture. Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world.
7
García, María Cristina. Refuge in the National Security State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655303.003.0004.
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In response to the terrorist attacks of 1993 and 2001, the Clinton and Bush administrations restructured the immigration bureaucracy, placed it within the new Department of Homeland Security, and tried to convey to Americans a greater sense of safety. Refugees, especially those from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, suffered the consequences of the new national security state policies, and found it increasingly difficult to find refuge in the United States. In the post-9/11 era, refugee advocates became even more important to the admission of refugees, reminding Americans of their humanitarian obligations, especially to those refugees who came from areas of the world where US foreign policy had played a role in displacing populations.
8
Bseiso, Jehan, Michiel Hofman, and Jonathan Whittall, eds. Everybody's War. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514641.001.0001.
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This book explores the history of health care in postcolonial state-making and the fragmentation of the health system in Syria during the conflict. It analyzes the role of international humanitarian law (IHL) in enabling attacks on health facilities and distinguishes the differences between humanitarian solutions and refugee populations’ expectations. It also describes the way in which humanitarian actors have fed the war economy. The book highlights the lived experience of siege in all its layers. It examines how humanitarian actors have become part of the information wars that have raged throughout the past ten years and how they have chosen to position themselves in the face of grave violations of IHL.
9
Jones, Richard J. Anglican Schools in Muslim-Majority Societies, 1910–2010. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199643011.003.0016.
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When the Christian movement inserts itself into a culture, indigenous institutions serving to inculcate values and to teach both a world-view and religious rites are necessarily affected. In societies where Islam was dominant or was reviving in the period 1910–2010, Christian schools had to win acceptance from local parents as well as from political authorities. Anglican missionaries in northern India; in greater Syria, Egypt, and Sudan; and in East and West Africa engaged their host societies at differing levels. Some proffered literacy in local languages, aiming to equip Bible readers and Church leaders. Others aimed to prepare elites to become social leaders using Western logic and techniques. Some Anglican schools retained their Christian ethos by confining their work to underserved populations, or by good service to elites; others were absorbed into state-run school systems.
10
Christine, Gray. 1 Law and force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808411.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides a background to the renewed debate about the legal constraints on the use of force imposed by the UN Charter after the Second World War. The increasing conflicts within states have raised legal questions, first, as to whether there can be a right of unilateral humanitarian intervention to protect citizens from their own governments, second, as to the content of the more recent doctrine of Responsibility to Protect (R2P)—the responsibility of the ‘international community’ to protect a population from war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity by the government, and third as to the existence of a right to intervene to overthrow a repressive regime. Even more controversially, the conflict in Syria has brought renewed debate about the scope of the right to self defence in counter terrorism operations. This chapter discusses the problems with the identification of international law on the use of force, the role of international law in this area, and the complexities of any inquiry into its effectiveness.
11
Gelvin, James L. The New Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190653996.001.0001.
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Since Muhammad Bouazizi set himself on fire in Tunisia on December 17, 2010, galvanizing the Arab uprisings that continue today, the entire Middle East landscape has changed in ways that were unimaginable years before. In spite of the early hype about a so-called "Arab Spring" and the prominence observers gave to calls for the downfall of regimes and an end to their abuses, most of the protests and uprisings born of Bouazizi's self-immolation have had disastrous results across the whole Middle East. While the old powers reasserted their control with violence in Egypt and Bahrain, Libya, Yemen, and Syria have virtually ceased to exist as states, torn apart by civil wars. In other states, namely Morocco and Algeria, the forces of reaction were able to maintain their hold on power, while in the "hybrid democracies" of Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq, protests against government inefficiency, corruption, and arrogance have done little to bring about the sort of changes protesters have demanded. Simultaneously, ISIS, along with other jihadi groups (al-Qaeda, al-Qaeda affiliates, Ansar al-Shariahs, etc.) has thrived in an environment marked by state breakdown. This book explains these changes, outlining the social, political, and economic contours of what some have termed "the new Middle East." One of the leading scholars of modern Middle Eastern history, James L. Gelvin lucidly distills the political and economic reasons behind the dramatic news arriving each day from Syria and the rest of the Middle East. He shows how and why bad governance, stagnant economies, poor healthcare, climate change, population growth, refugee crises, food and water insecurity, and war increasingly threaten human security in the region.
12
Azzam, Fateh, and Coralie Hindawi. The Arab Region. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.24.
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This chapter looks at Arab perspectives on the responsibility to protect, both at a conventional, state-focused level, and at the level of civil society. The study shows that the Arab region’s views on R2P are varied, nuanced, and subject to change, varying not only between governments and citizens, but also among citizens themselves. The positions expose a widespread tension between a strong attachment to sovereignty, and a willingness to provide support to populations facing danger, in particular fellow Arabs and Muslims. At the same time, the region is united over the perception of an international double standard, which, from an Arab perspective, is symbolized at its worst by the Security Council’s inaction on Palestine. Arab reactions to other conflicts, such as Libya or Syria, however, indicate that although explicit references to the concept are rare, a lively debate on the very idea of R2P is going on in the region.
13
Winter, Stefan. Introduction. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167787.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter begins with a brief description of the ʻAlawis, considered one of the most conspicuous, talked-about confessional groups in the Middle East today. The ʻAlawis represent perhaps 11 percent of the population in Syria, with important regional concentrations in the province of Antioch (Hatay) as well as in Adana and Mersin in southern Turkey, and in the ʻAkkar district and the city of Tripoli in northern Lebanon. The discussion then turns to classical perceptions of ʻAlawism, nomenclaturism, and dissimulation. Almost all previous studies of the ʻAlawi past either have been too concerned with theology or have provided only histoiré événementielle, emplotting a handful of references to seemingly ubiquitous, but in fact very rare, instances of sectarian strife, discrimination, and violence of the sort favored in the narrative chronicles, to produce a story of apparently unremitting conflict. In contrast, this book focuses on the less conspicuous—but ultimately more typical—historical evidence of mundane, uneventful, everyday interaction between the ʻAlawis, their neighbors, and the state authorities. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
14
Sahner, Christian C. Christian Martyrs under Islam. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691179100.001.0001.
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How did the medieval Middle East transform from a majority-Christian world to a majority-Muslim world, and what role did violence play in this process? This book explains how Christians across the early Islamic caliphate slowly converted to the faith of the Arab conquerors and how small groups of individuals rejected this faith through dramatic acts of resistance, including apostasy and blasphemy. Using previously untapped sources in a range of Middle Eastern languages, the book introduces an unknown group of martyrs who were executed at the hands of Muslim officials between the seventh and ninth centuries CE. Found in places as diverse as Syria, Spain, Egypt, and Armenia, they include an alleged descendant of Muhammad who converted to Christianity; high-ranking Christian secretaries of the Muslim state who viciously insulted the Prophet; and the children of mixed marriages between Muslims and Christians. The book argues that Christians never experienced systematic persecution under the early caliphs, and indeed, they remained the largest portion of the population in the greater Middle East for centuries after the Arab conquest. Still, episodes of ferocious violence contributed to the spread of Islam within Christian societies, and memories of this bloodshed played a key role in shaping Christian identity in the new Islamic empire. The book examines how violence against Christians ended the age of porous religious boundaries and laid the foundations for more antagonistic Muslim–Christian relations in the centuries to come.
15
Ozavci, Ozan. Dangerous Gifts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852964.001.0001.
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From Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 to the foreign interventions in the ongoing civil wars in Syria, Yemen, and Libya today, global empires or the so-called Great Powers have long assumed the responsibility of bringing security to the Middle East. The past two centuries have witnessed their numerous military occupations to ‘liberate’, ‘secure’, and ‘educate’ local populations. Consulting fresh primary sources collected from some thirty archives in the Middle East, Russia, the United States, and Western Europe, Dangerous Gifts revisits the late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century origins of these imperial security practices. It questions how it all began. Why did Great Power interventions in the Ottoman Levant tend to result in further turmoil and civil wars? Why has the region been embroiled in a paradox—an ever-increasing demand for security despite the increasing supply—ever since? It embeds this highly pertinent genealogical history into an innovative and captivating narrative around the Eastern Question, freeing the latter from the monopoly of Great Power politics, and also foregrounding the experience and agency of the Levantine actors: the gradual yet still forceful opening up of the latter’s economies to global free trade, the asymmetrical implementation of international law from their perspective, and the secondary importance attached to their threat perceptions in a world where political and economic decisions were ultimately made through the filter of global imperial interests.