Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Populations locales'
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Fotsa, Jean Claude. "Caractérisation des populations de poules locales (Gallus gallus) au Cameroun." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004904.
Full textFotsa, Jean-Claude. "Caractérisation des populations de poules locales (Gallus gallus) au Cameroun." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4904/01/THESE_FOTSA_[18_DEC_2008]_Agro_Paris_Tech.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Martin. "L'implantation des aires protégées au Vietnam : quels impacts pour les populations locales?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24979/24979.pdf.
Full textLompo, Minkiéba Kevin. "Impact de la responsabilité sociétale des compagnies pétrolières sur les populations locales du Delta du Niger." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS042S.
Full textIn developing countries, the main challenge is to succeed in human development. Private actors are also concerned by the challenge of human development in developing countries. Could the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) be a tool for extractive companies to contribute to local development in host communities? My argumentation is based on the CSR projects that have been implemented in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, mainly by Total and Agip oil companies. Our work shows that the impact of CSR projects differs according to the strategy of implementation: non-participatory approaches to CSR extend the access to basic capabilities for some privileged socio-economic groups, while participatory approaches positively impact collective capabilities of the whole community, but little effect on the expansion of basic capabilities
Lauvie, Anne. "Gérer les populations animales locales à petits effectifs : Approche de la diversité des dispositifs mis en oeuvre." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003464.
Full textAzinheira, José. "Caractéristiques locales dans des écoulements réactifs, détermination des masses volumiques et populations rotationnelles par des techniques laser." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595619b.
Full textAzinheira, José. "Caractéristiques locales dans des écoulements réactifs : détermination des masses volumiques et populations rotationnelles par des techniques laser." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0002.
Full textOtt, Cécile Chantal. "Exploitation forestière et droits des populations locales et autochtones en Afrique centrale (Cameroun, Congo, Congo RDC et Gabon)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30047.
Full textThe forests of Cameroon, Congo, CongoRCD and Gabon are full of enormous resources. Several possibilities are available to these countries by the richness and diversity of fauna, flora, exploitation of resources underground resources, wood and non wood forest products. Logging of these resources could be an effective means of improving the living conditions of local and indigenous people who depend on these forests. However, despite the legal, political and economic setup by different governments, people's participation in forest management is very relative. The promotion and protection of their social and economic rights also remain problematic
Chopelet, Julien. "Variations clonales de la croissance et adaptations locales du métabolisme chez des populations de daphnies originaires d'environnements thermiques différents." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
Find full textTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 26 avril 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en gestion de la faune et de ses habitats. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 49-53. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Touré, Aboubacar. "L'impact des rivalités franco-britanniques dans la Mellacorée sur les populations locales dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10026.
Full textEngland replies an offensive mercantilism against the strict regime of the exclusive commended by france. Signed on 10 february to put an end to the anglo-french war, the treaty of paris gave the england the senegalese coast, where a few french trading posts and establishments were settled. The territory also entailed the south rivers and the mellacoree. From that former colonial territory, the island of goree was the only thing left for france. The expedition of egypt under the directorate and the breach of the peace of amiens, could not conceal the perverse effects of the abolition of slavery. Nevertheless, the 1814 and 1815's treaties allowed france to get back her former possessions : senegal and the south rivers (including the mellacoree). Then, the political leaders of the mellacoree had been invited to sign treaties of protectorate, that england and france proposed to them without worrying about each other's presence. During the succession war of moria, the protagonists took the opportunity to get involved in the clans' war which turned into a colonial war where french and english proponents and opponents fought against each other. This long war ended in 1890. The rivalties came to an end in favour of different arrangements that solved the litigious issue of the boundaries' demarcation. As a result, a policy to demantle the former principalities followed, whereas a new body of chiefs submitted to the colonial rule was being promoted
Diop, Omar. "Etat, décentralisation et populations : analyse des capacités développantes des collectivités locales au Sénégal : exemple de la commune de Thiès." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/171348818#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textSenegal, like many other African countries, engaged to the way of political and administrative decentralization to enhance development process. The new local collectivities are in very sluggish conditions, compromising their viability, and efforts of cooperation between NGOs, associations and local populations, are not well articulated. This research demonstrates the leaders’ error of prospect consisting first in imitating France decentralization model, and then, creating artificially entities that are unable to sustain popular dynamics. The research also questions concepts of development, local development or any other qualification applied to the concept of development. It shows, through concrete examples, the emergence of the District as the most effective entity for powering popular dynamics and helping populations meet their basics needs
Ricroch, Agnès. "Evaluation des ressources genetiques de populations locales d'allium cepa l. Et analyses de la bulbification en conditions naturelles et controlees." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112348.
Full textNdong, Ngoua Pascal. "La politique de décentralisation au Gabon (1996-2007) : entre conflits de compétences, manœuvres politiques et des populations urbaines non urbanisées : les cas de Libreville et de Médouneu." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083989.
Full textLocal communities are now presented as a guarantee for better “governance” and economic, social and cultural development. With the support of international donors and the democratic revival of the 1990s, these local communities embody a new approach to the organization of local territories, benefit from new credits, and most of the governments of sub-Saharan Africa are committed to ambitious reforms in this direction. Both structural and functional in their nature, these reforms have involved so-called decentralisation policies, i. E. “the transfer or the delegation of different levels of power, by the central Government to various State institutions at the lowest level”. In Gabon, this process was started on June 6, 1996, with the promulgation of the organic law n° 15/96 relative to decentralisation. This step towards reform attempts to break with a strong tendency towards the centralisation of management devices. It thus creates the conditions for a repositioning of political actors [or not], both on the local and national levels, mobilising old and new opinion leaders, creating alliances and competitions, even when the transfers of power, in fact, amount to zero. An analysis of the text seeks to understand how the devices of the organic law n° 15/96 are apprehended, and sometimes manipulated by the various authorities involved in the ongoing process. Also, it is important to identify important points of contradiction which prevent the efficient application of the Law and to analyse the relationship between policy development and socio-political and cultural factors. Moreover, grasping the impact of the reform requires us measure the level of social and economic development it stimulated and to grasp how people participate in public spaces. Reflection on local government reform also involves an assessment of the impact of the Gabonese National Commemoration celebrations on August 17, which, since their resumption in 2002, are every year held in a different province of the country. Finally, the discussion of decentralization in Gabon leads us to ask, to what extent decentralised development cooperation could contribute to the improvement of the socio-economic structures of local Gabonese municipalities, in particular those of Libreville and Medouneu
Gnamien, Yao. "L'Industrie minière face aux évolutions sociétales : quels impacts des attentes des populations et des collectivités locales sur le développement des projets miniers ?" Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0086/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 1990s, almost throughout the world, bordering communities of mining projects oppose the proceedings of mining exploitation works. This phenomenon occurs in developed countries as well as in developing countries. It is also present both in democratic and in non democratic countries.To justify the determination to offer solutions to this problem, the first part of this work proves that the mining industry is the catalyst and the base of the modern economic growth and that, consequently, any disturbance in the safety of mining product supplying deserves a mobilization of the international community.In the second part, the conclusion shows that these mistrust actions are far from being ideological claims. They are simply the expression of a contemporary request which consists in integrating into mining resource development decisions the principles globalization is based on : the respect for the right to collective and individual development, the respect for human rights, including the right to the environment and the participation of communities or individuals in any decision-making that may affect their lives.In the third part, it is proved that the African continent has turned to be the new mining development pole since the end of the cold war. In these conditions, the study of the issue of the community mobilizations against mining exploitation, in four African countries with strong mining traditions such as Guinea and Morocco and in the process of mining development such as Mali and Ivory Coast, allows us to understand that mobilizations against mining projects do really exist in Africa.In these conditions and as a conclusion, it is first of all necessary to wish that the international community be concerned by this issue to organize a world summit on the future of the mining industry in the 20th century, and that a World Fund in the service of the Development of Communities Concerned by Mining Projects (FMDCAPM) be created.Secondly, one must consider, at the scale of the producing States, that the national mining policies be the reflection of a real consensus between the States, the mining companies and the local authorities by insisting on the necessity of giving the latter ones Investment funds fed by each project.Finally, and always at the scale of States, it is to wish that the search for solutions to be brought to both social and economic concerns of the zones affected by the mining projects be entrusted to an Autonomous National Authority (ANA) which will know how to negotiate at best, independently from governmental authorities, the interests of communities and local populations
Gil, Marie-Ève. "Analyse d'équations intégro-différentielles et d'EDP non locales issues de la modélisation de dynamiques adaptatives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0346.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the mathematical analysis of integro-differential models from population genetics. Both models are reaction-dispersion equations of the form ∂tp(t,m) = UD[p](t,m)+ f[p](t,m). They describe the dynamics of fitness distribution in an asexual population under the effect of mutation and selection. These two processes are represented by the nonlocal terms UD[p](t,m) and by f[p](t,m) respectively. The difference between the models rests on the mutation term. Indeed, in the first model, the mutation effects on fitness do not depend on the fitness of the parent. Thus, the mutation term is a standard convolution product: D[p](t,m) =RR J(m−y)p(t,y)dy −p(t,m). When a mutation occurs, the function J(m − y) represents the density of probability for an individual with fitness y to have an offspring with fitness m. The mutation rate is given by the constant U. In the second model, the mutation effects on fitness depend on the fitness of the parent. In this case, an individual with fitness y has an offspring with fitness m with a probability density Jy(m−y). This type of dependence naturally arises when the existence of an optimal fitness (or a phenotypic optimum) is assumed. For both models, we first establish existence and uniqueness results as well as decay properties of the solution. The decay property allows us to define the cumulant generating function (CGF). The CGF obeys a nonlocal transport equation. In the first model, we compute the analytical solution of this transport equation and thus, we obtain a complete description of the distribution p(t,m) through its moments. Then, we study the stationary states for both models, and establish sufficient conditions for the existence and non-existence of a concentration phenomenon corresponding to an accumulation of individuals with best possible phenotype. The results are compared to the results of stochastic individual based models which represent the same kind of evolutionary dynamics
Grandcolas, Delphine. "Pêcheurs, Etat et mondialisation : stratégies des populations locales et gestion des ressources naturelles : le cas du delta de la Godavari, Inde du sud." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100026.
Full textThe region of the Godavari delta's mangrove and fishermen villages surrounding experimented great changes since 40 years. Indian government first introduced mechanised fishing in 1965 and then prawn culture in 1985, in order to dynamise fisheries sector and to improve the level of life of coastal population. But the fishery crisis and the impossibility for fishermen to access to prawn culture have caused a degradation of the fishers economic situation. In the same time, the indian state classified the Godavari mangrove into a Wildlife Sanctuary. Traditional management of natural resources, based on a perennial and collective exploitation, have disappeared and gave place to a liberal and individual exploitation of mangrove resources, threatening the existence of the mangrove and leading to the pauperization of fishermen
Rejo-Fienena, Félicitée, and Yves Monnier. "Etude phytosociologique de la végétation de la région de Tulear (Madagascar) et gestion des ressources végétales par les populations locales (cas du P. K. 32)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0027.
Full textGenay, Lucie. "La conquête scientifique du Nouveau-Mexique : héritage local du Projet Manhattan 1942-2015." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL017/document.
Full textOn November 16, 1942, in the New Mexican desert, J. Robert Oppenheimer suggested to his military counterpart, General Leslie Groves, that Ashley Pond's Los Alamos Ranch School would be an ideal location for the establishment of a secret laboratory to pursue research on the design and construction of the atomic bomb. This event sealed the fate of New Mexico, dubbed the “Land of Enchantment,” which acquired a new identity as the cradle of the nuclear age. The Los Alamos Laboratory paved the way to a third colonization of the area; a scientific conquest funded by the Federal Government and maintained by the arms race with the Soviet Union. Along the Rio Grande, the derivative installations of the Manhattan Project revolutionized the social, economic, and demographic order in the state while introducing environmental and cultural disruptions. And yet, seventy years later, New Mexico was still among the five poorest states in the nation despite its nuclear Eldorado. This thesis assesses the double-edged quality and the multiple facets of the Manhattan Project's legacy in New Mexico. By evaluating the durability and distribution of the benefits entailed by the nuclear industry in terms of jobs, education, and standards of living, this dissertation focuses on the question of the extent to which local populations actually gained from this high-technology revolution, and of the environmental, socio-economic price, which has been and will have to be paid for the nuclear bonanza. Since the settlement of the first atomic pioneers in Los Alamos, the native populations of New Mexico—be they Indian Pueblo dwellers, Hispanic villagers, or Anglo ranchers—have had to adapt to the ups and downs of the new order based on a dependence on federal funds that were, in turn, determined by global politics, and to face an increasingly harsh competition with outsiders, i.e. nuclear immigrants to the state. A combination of military and government power with secrecy built up the mechanism of a local military-industrial and scientific complex, which maintained the region's status as an internal colony of the United States. Since the 1980s, growing public awareness of environmental and health consequences of radioactivity have prompted antinuclear reactions in New Mexico. Thereupon, many previously unheard voices have spoken up to shed a new light on the nuclear heritage in the state. This local perspective of the humblest, forgotten participants in the advent of the nuclear age lacks historical recognition; therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to address the relations between New Mexicans and the local nuclear industry
Worliczek, Elisabeth. "La vision de l’espace littoral sur l’île Wallis et l’atoll Rangiroa dans le contexte du changement climatique : Une analyse anthropologique de la perception des populations locales." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NCAL0049/document.
Full textThe focus of this thesis is environmental change or, more precisely, climate change. The two study areas are Wallis Island (Wallis and Futuna) and the Rangiroa Atoll (French Polynesia). They have a different geomorphology and social organisationeven though both of them are part of the francophone islands in the Pacific and the cultural region of Polynesia.The study aims to gain an understanding of the local view of current change and future changes expected by scientists. This work is based on four indicators and was developed with the methods of anthropology. The indicator ‘space’ reveals a great deal about the real perception of space on these islands, about residence, land tenure and migration. The indicator ‘resources’ was used to analyse the dynamics of beach sand mining, beach erosion and the construction of protective sea walls. The indicator ‘disasters’ covers cyclones and tsunamis and the perception of potential dangers linked to natural hazards. The last indicator, ‘social conditions’, describes the local understanding of climate change and its scientific discourse, the role of media and politics. The thesis also analyses the locals’ observations of the environment and theirinterpretation, which is strongly linked to the different representations of the subject. It ends with a description of scenarios of a future sea level rise. Work on the thesis started from issues raised by specialists of coastal development planning. They needed a deeper understanding of the local population’s perception of the coastal area and they were looking for indications of what would make the locals accept the proposals of the planners. In the context of Oceania, the integratedmanagement of the coast is complex and very different from the Western world. The aim of this anthropological analysis was to improve communication between the affected parties and to avoid further destruction of this sensitive environment which is crucial to the islands’ populations
Diese Dissertation analysiert die Wahrnehmung von lokalem Wandel, und im Speziellen des Klimawandels. Die beiden untersuchten Felder sind die Insel Wallis (Wallis und Futuna) und das Atoll Rangiroa (Französisch Polynesien). Dieseunterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Geomorphologie und ihrer Sozialorganisation, jedoch sind sie beide Teil der französischen Überseegebiete im Südpazifik und der Kulturregion Polynesien.Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Sichtweise der lokalen Bevölkerung betreffend aktueller und zukünftiger Veränderungen zu verstehen. Die Analyse, basierend auf den Methoden der Anthropologie, definiert vier Indikatoren: Der Indikator „Raum“ steht für die örtliche Raumwahrnehmung, den Residenzmodus, Landverwaltung und Migration.Der Indikator „Ressourcen“ identifiziert wichtige Dynamiken im Zusammenhang mit dem Sandabbau an den Küsten, der Stranderosion und der Errichtung von Ufermauern. Der Indikator „Katastrophen“ behandelt Zyklone und Tsunamis, welche Hinweise geben können auf die lokale Wahrnehmung von potentiellen Gefahren auf Grund von Naturkatastrophen. Der letzte Indikator, „soziale Gegebenheiten“, beschreibt die lokale Auffassung des Konzepts „Klimawandel“ und dessen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs, die Rolle der Medien und der Politik, sowie lokale Umweltbeobachtungen und derenInterpretation. Außerdem werden Zukunftsszenarien im Zusammenhang mit einem ansteigenden Meeresspiegel gezeichnet.Am Beginn dieser Arbeit standen Fragestellungen von Spezialisten der Küstenraumplanung, die einerseits ein besseres Verständnis der lokalen Konzeptionen des Küstenraumes wünschten, und andererseits Mittel und Wege suchten, um die lokale Akzeptanz ihrer Ideen und Aktionen betreffend der Raumplanung zu erhöhen. Im Kontext Ozeaniens ist die Verwaltung des Küstenraumes sehr komplex und unterschiedlich verglichen mit westlichen Verwaltungskonzepten. Das Ziel dieser Analysen war also eine verbesserte Kommunikation aller Beteiligten, um weitere Zerstörungen dieses Lebensraumes, welcher lebenswichtig für die betroffenen Bevölkerungen ist, zu verhindern
Figueroa, Iglesias Susely. "Integro-differential models for evolutionary dynamics of populations in time-heterogeneous environments." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30098.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the qualitative study of several parabolic equations of the Lotka-Volterra type from evolutionary biology and ecology taking into account a time-periodic growth rate and a non-local competition term. In the initial part we first study the dynamics of phenotypically structured populations under the effect of mutations and selection in environments that vary periodically in time and then the impact of a climate change on such population considering environmental conditions which vary according to a linear trend, but in an oscillatory manner. In both problems we first study the long-time behaviour of the solutions. Then we use an approach based on Hamilton-Jacobi equations to study these long-time solutions asymptotically when the effect of mutations is small. We prove that when the effect of mutations vanishes, the phenotypic density of the population is concentrated on a single trait (which varies linearly over time in the second model), while the population size oscillates periodically. For the climate change model we also provide an asymptotic expansion of the mean population size and of the critical speed leading to the extinction of the population, which is closely related to the derivation of an asymptotic expansion of the Floquet eigenvalue in terms of the diffusion rate. In the second part we study some particular examples of growth rates by providing explicit and semi-explicit solutions to the problem and present some numerical illustrations for the periodic model. In addition, being motivated by a biological experiment, we compare two populations evolved in different environments (constant or periodic). In addition, we present a numerical comparison between stochastic and deterministic models modelling the horizontal gene transfer phenomenon. In a Hamilton-Jacobi context, we are able to numerically reproduce the evolutionary rescue of a small population that we observe in the stochastic model
Taing, Cécile. "Dynamique de concentration dans des équations aux dérivées partielles non locales issues de la biologie." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS077.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the dynamics of Dirac mass concentrations in non-local partial differential and integro-differential equations motivated by evolutionary biology. We consider population models structured in phenotypical traits and, taking into account adaptation and mutation phenomena, we aim to describe the selection of the fittest traits in a given environment. The mathematical modeling of these biological problems leads to nonlinear and nonlocal equations, with a small parameter that induces two time-scales. The asymptotic solutions to these equations are population distributions on the traits space and concentrate in Dirac masses located on the dominant traits. In the first part, we study the Dirac mass dynamics in a chemostat model, using a Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. The chemostat model is a system of equations describing the dynamics of consumers and nutrients in a bioreactor. In a second part, we investigate a competition model structured in age and phenotypical traits. By means of an appropriate factorization, we obtain the asymptotic limit of the solution as a decomposition into two profiles, one in age, the other in traits. When mutations are introduced, a Hamilton-Jacobi equation arises and we prove a uniqueness result of the solution to this equation in the framework of viscosity solutions. The last part is devoted to sexual population models. These models under investigation include asymmetric trait heredity or asymmetric trait-dependent fecundity between the parents: each individual inherits mostly its traits from the female
Shang, Peipei. "Analyse mathématique et contrôle optimal de lois de conservation multi-échelles : application à des populations cellulaires structurées." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847756.
Full textMartins, Helena. "Méthodes statistiques pour identifier l'adaptation locale dans les populations continues et mélangées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS022/document.
Full textFinding genetic signatures of local adaptation is of great interest for many population genetic studies. Common approaches to sorting selective loci from their genomic background focus on the extreme values of the fixation index, FST, across loci. However, the computation of the fixation index becomes challenging when the population is genetically continuous, when predefining subpopulations is a difficult task, and in the presence of admixed individuals in the sample. In this thesis, we present a new method to identify loci under selection based on an extension of the FST statistic to samples with admixed individuals. Considering our goal of exploring statistical methods to identify local adaptation in admixed population, we included spatial data to compute ancestry coefficients and allele frequencies. To enrich our work, we investigated the effects of linkage disequilibrium and LD-pruning methods in genome scans for selection
Nguyen, Thi Nhu Thao. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation de la dynamique spatiale de populations de campagnols dans l’est de la France." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD031.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis is to propose and analyze mathematical models based on partial differential equations (PDE) to describe the spatial dynamics of two species of voles (Microtus arvalis and Arvicola terrestris), which are particularly monitored in Eastern France. The models that we have proposed are based on PDE which describe the evolution of the density of the population of voles as a function of time, age and position in space. We have two complementary approaches to represent the dynamics. In the first approach, we propose a first model that consists of a scalar PDE depending on time, age, and space supplemented with a non-local boundary condition. The flux is linear with constant coefficient in the direction of age but contains a non-local term in the directions of space. Moreover, the equation contains a second order term in the spatial variables only. We have demonstrated the existence and stability of weak entropy solutions for the model by using, respectively, the Panov's theorem of the multidimensional compensated and a doubling of the variables type argument. In the second approach we were inspired by a Multi Agent model proposed by Marilleau-Lang-Giraudoux, where the spatial dynamics of juveniles is decoupled from local evolution in each plot. To apply this model, we have introduced a directed graph whose nodes are the plots. In each node, the evolution of the colony is described by a transport equation with two variables, time and age, and the movements of dispersion, in space, are represented by the passages from one node to the other. We have proposed a discretization of the model, by finite volume methods, and noticed that this approach manages to reproduce the qualitative characteristics of the spatial dynamics observed in nature. We also proposed to consider a predator-prey system consisting of a hyperbolic equation for predators and a parabolic-hyperbolic equation for preys, where the prey's equation is analogous to the first model of the vole populations. The drift term in the predators' equation depends nonlocally on the density of prey and the two equations are also coupled via classical source terms of Lotka-Volterra type. We establish existence of solutions by applying the vanishing viscosity method, and we prove stability by a doubling of variables type argument. Moreover, concerning the numerical simulation of the first model in one-dimensional space, we obtain a finite volume discretization by using the upwind scheme and then validate the numerical scheme.The last part of my thesis work is a project in which I participated during a Summer school CEMRACS. The project was on a subject of biomathematics different from that of the thesis (an epidemiological model for salmonellosis). A new generic multi-scale modeling framework for heterogeneous transmission of pathogens in an animal population is suggested. At the intra-host level, the model describes the interaction between the commensal microbiota, the pathogen and the inflammatory response. Random fluctuations in the ecological dynamics of the individual microbiota and transmission at the inter-host scale are added to obtain a PDE model of drift-diffusion of pathogen distribution at the population level. The model is also extended to represent transmission between several populations. Asymptotic behavior as well as the impact of control strategies, including cleaning and administration of antimicrobials, are studied by numerical simulation
Duran, Saltuk. "La vapeur des Français dans la Méditerranée ottomane des Tanzimat : les Messageries maritimes françaises face à l’évolution des politiques protectionnistes ottomanes de 1851 à 1875." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE068.
Full textAs they established their first line to Constantinople in 1851, the French Messageries found themselves within various political and economical dynamics of the Tanzimat era in the Ottoman Empire. These dynamics were especially visible on different attitudes of the Ottoman State and Ottoman populations towards the transport services of the French company in the framework of local steamship market during the period between 1851 and 1876. Within this chronological framework, the French Messageries were exposed to several barriers put up by the Ottoman government and its provincial administration in front their postal and commercial activities in the ports of the Ottoman Empire. However, despite these barriers, the French Messageries continued to carry the mails, the goods and passengers of the Ottoman state and Ottoman populations. The different responses given by these actors, to the penetration of the services of French Messageries in the Ottoman Empire were indicating two major facts: the Ottoman government and it’s provincial administration were facing financial problems, but despite these problems, transportation and communications within the empire were developing. In this thesis, our aim is to analyse the evolution of these economical facts around the question of the reception of the French Messageries services in the Ottoman Empire, through different political and economic processes of the Tanzimat era, between 1851 and 1875
Nono, Njepang Luidor. "Les radios communautaires au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020051.
Full textThe opening of the Cameroonian audiovisual sector dedicated the overhang of the process of acquisition and the granting of the personal freedoms begun around 1990s. The application decree of April, 2003 confirmed a decade later, the plan engaged by the law 90/052 of December 19th, 1990 relative to the freedom of social communication. Since then, newspapers and broadcasting mix and come up against gravities susceptible to limit their efficiency, as tools and means of communication of nearness. Their youth, the endogenous and exogenous problems in the Cameroonian media landscape justify a study on the existence and the way the organs of social communication produce and broadcast information and news in the direction of the targeted populations. For this subject, the community radio, while trying to imply them and to make them participate in this objective of social communication, promotes by its programs, the own image of the populations for which is intended. It remains only to guarantee the practical methods, the necessary conditions for a transparent participation of the various actors in the management and in the functioning of the radio. Mostly, the populations are ready of supporting the projects of community radios which settle down in villages. The various techniques of appropriation and uses of the media allow dreading from the outside the various stakes which weave. They allow observing the organized practices and the conditions of commitment of the civil society to guarantee, a long life on the radio
Sjöstrand, Agnès. "Origins and adaptation in humans : a case study of taste and lifestyle." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066724/document.
Full textThis thesis uses population genetics and statistical approaches to investigate early human demography, infer local adaptation in diverse sets of populations, and study the genetic basis for taste perception. Using a Bayesian approach, I evaluate the genetic evidence of a bottleneck between 190,000 and 130,000 years ago and find that the data is in favor of a model without bottleneck at this time point. I further develop a method to detect local adaptation based on frequencies of private haplotypes. Applied to large-scale human genotype data, this method detects known signals of positive selection but also permits to improve knowledge on potential adaptation events in humans. I further investigate patterns of adaptation in whole genome data based on a diverse set of African populations. The results from the regions potentially selected show that diet and pathogens are the common driving forces of adaptation in all studied populations. I last study taste perception in populations differing on lifestyle (hunter-gatherers, farmers and nomad herders). I present taste perception phenotypes for all tastes (sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami) and relate them to high density genotype data. I show that taste and taste-involved genes have evolved with lifestyle. By performing an association study, I also show that variation in taste perception involves more genes than only the taste receptors genes.I covered several topics of human ancient demography and adaptation and show the utility of using large-scale genetic data to better understand human history
Fischer, Stephan. "Modélisation de l'évolution de la taille des génomes et de leur densité en gènes par mutations locales et grands réarrangements chromosomiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924831.
Full textSierra, Jimenez Mara Johanna. "Parcs nationaux en transition vers des parcs nationaux naturels anthropisés (PNNa) ? Étude comparative de trois parcs nationaux naturels habités du Continent américain (Colombie, Guyane française, Québec)." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1010/document.
Full textThe evolution of international environmental policies and national and local conservation contexts gives increasing importance to the anthropic dimension within the national parks (category II UICN). Not only does this dimension takes into account the local population that lives permanently in these various natural areas, but also the economic actors who, legally or illegally, benefit from those protected areas (tourism, gold-washing, wood, etc.) or participate directly or indirectly in the process of the territorial elaboration of a national park. The integration of the anthropic aspect definitely help the emergence of new dynamics and strategies of collaborative management and policies. Building on political geography, socio-cultural geography and political ecology, this thesis aims to shed light how that anthropic dimension (sociocultural as well as economical) entails the transition of some protected areas from a classical type to a new category we identify as the “Nature and Anthropic National Park” (PNNa). We focus on three specific study cases in the American continent: the Amazonian park of the French Guiana, the Sea Park of Saguenay-Saint-Laurent of Québec, Canada, and the Amazonian Amacayacu National Park of Colombia. The systemic analysis of their structure and their functioning, as far as macrostructure of policies and microstructures of management are concerned, has allowed us to bring out that transition in the territorial management of these category II protected natural areas and the deriving conflicts for power
La evolución de las políticas de gobernanza medioambiental internacional y la transición de los contextos nacionales y locales de conservación, favorecen cada vez más la integración de la dimensión antrópica al interior de los parques nacionales (categoría II-UICN). Esta dimensión corresponde de una parte, a las poblaciones locales que habitan de manera permanente las diversas zonas de protección dentro del parque nacional, y de otra parte, a los actores económicos (legales e ilegales) que explotan el territorio protegido (Turismo, explotación minera, explotación de madera, etc), o que participan de manera directa o indirecta en los procesos de construcción territorial del parque nacional. La integración de la dimensión antrópica dentro de estos territorios naturales de protección favorece en consecuencia la emergencia de nuevas dinámicas y estrategias participativas de gestión y de gobernanza. A través de un triple enfoque científico construido mediante el cruce de diversos puntos de vista de la geografía política, de la geografía sociocultural y de la political ecology, esta tesis se interesa en el análisis de tres casos de estudio particulares del Continente americano. El objetivo de esta contribución es el de intentar mostrar, cómo la integración de la dimensión antrópica (sociocultural y económica) influencia la transición de algunos espacios naturales protegidos hacia una nueva configuración que nosotros proponemos identificar aquí bajo el nombre de “parques nacionales naturales antropizados – PNNa”.El análisis sistémico de la estructura y del funcionamiento de las macroestructuras de gobernanza y de las microestructuras de gestión participativa del Parque amazónico de la Guayana, en Francia, del Parque marino del Saguenay-Saint-Laurent en Quebec, Canadá, y del Parque nacional natural Amacayacu en Amazonia colombiana, nos permitieron poner en evidencia este tipo de transición en la gestión territorial de los espacios naturales protegidos de categoría II, así que los conflictos de poder que resultan de esta transformación
Trabelsi, Salma. "Développement local et valorisation du patrimoine culturel fragile : le rôle médiateur des ONG : cas du Sud-tunisien." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2030/document.
Full textThis research in the field of information communication Sciences connects the promotion and protection of cultural heritage with the notion of territorial management. From a local development perspective, a region's natural and cultural heritage provides the basis for advancing the economy and tourism. Our thesis focuses on promoting and protecting cultural heritage in rural regions of Southern Tunisia. This research addresses an important problem for many rural Tunisian communities preserving their cultural heritage in the face of marginalization and poverty because of The financial and institutional difficulties needed to support their professional activities. The problems of under development continue as local partners are frequently confronted with disaccord related to responsibility and the actions necessary for promoting cultural heritage. These problems are often due to a lack of communication between communities and local authorities that is essential for promoting cultural heritage in times when identity loss due to globalization is a serious concern. Our research underlines the fundamental aspect of institutional support for mediating dialogue between local actors. It implicates the participation of non-governmental organizations as actors in strengthening and mediating collaborations between local institutions and populations in the process of promoting cultural heritage. Our research action project was developed in order to explore new grounds of investigation and to gain a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of actors collaborating in the region
Bouteiller, Xavier. "Une histoire écologique et évolutive du robinier faux-acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) depuis son introduction en Europe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0162/document.
Full textRobinia pseudoacacia L. is a North American tree which has now broadly spread in Europe. In order to evaluate the evolutionary mechanisms behind its invasiveness, it is crucial to identify the population sources of the introduction and to understand which traits contributed to its success in the European range. To undertake a population genetics study, we performed a large sampling both in the invasive and native ranges; 818 individuals from 63 populations were genotyped using 113 SNPs. First, we demonstrated that European black locust was introduced from only a limited number of populations located in the Northern plateau of the Appalachians Mountains; this is in agreement with historical records. Within America, population structure reflected long time evolutionary processes whereas in Europe, it was largely impacted by human activities. In the European range, the genetic clustering may be a signal of evolution caused by artificial selection due to human oriented mass selection or tree breeding initiated in Central Europe since the 18th century. Second, we evidenced a genetic bottleneck among ranges with a decrease in allelic richness and in the total number of alleles in Europe. Lastly, we found more clonality within the European populations. Conjointly to the population genetic analysis, we conducted a quantitative genetics experiment to evaluate juvenile traits of both native and invasive black locust populations (3000 individuals from 20 populations) grown under 3 different temperature conditions. Results revealed an enhanced germination rate among European populations compared to that of the native American populations whatever the environmental condition (88% vs 60%). Thus a possible scenario may be that Man would have selected and propagated the best seeds in the new range that would have favored an evolution of germination rate through European populations. Phenotypic traits of juvenile development are extremely plastic in response to temperature (18/22/31°C), with a general tendency to increasing trait values with increasing temperature. This suggests that global warming would favor the development of the species, at least under nonlimiting water supply conditions. However, only American populations demonstrated a signal of local adaptation to the temperature at the sampling location. In any case, the human role on the reproductive potential, both sexual and asexual, within the introduced rangewould likely be a key process in the success of black locust dynamics in Europe
Blanquart, François. "Adaptation des populations en environnement variable." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20104.
Full textPopulations often experience environmental conditions that are variable both in space and in time. Understanding the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of populations in such variable environments has very practical implications for conservation biology, pest and pathogen control, management of antibiotic resistance. This thesis is an attempt to study the ecological and evolutionary implications of spatial and temporal variations of the environment.First, I study how spatially heterogeneous and temporally changing conditions influence the demographic dynamics of a genetically uniform population. The growth of the population is enhanced when individuals preferentially accumulate in high quality habitats. Migration between locations facilitates a good arrangement of individuals such that in general, an intermediate rate of migration maximizes the growth rate.Second, I develop a model where the growth rate of individuals depends on the environment but also on their genetic quality, and possibly on the interaction between the environment and the genotype. If the performance of different genotypes tradeoffs across the environments, several genotypes may be maintained locally in the environment that suit them and a pattern of local adaptation emerges. Moreover, I show that adaptation of populations to environmental fluctuations in the environment generates very dynamic changes in the genetic composition that lag behind the environmental change. Adaptation may be facilitated by the influx of migrants coming from other demes.How can we detect such patterns of adaptation in wild or experimental populations? I develop a formal analysis of several experimental and statistical techniques that are used to detect patterns of local and temporal adaptation. I provide recommendations regarding efficient experimental designs and statistical techniques to detect local adaptation. I also develop a new framework for the analysis of patterns of adaptation in time. I illustrate the potential use of this approach using a data set measuring the adaptation of HIV to the immune response of several recently infected patients
Piri, Rebecca D. "Spatial Genetic Structure and Local Adaptation within and among Foxtail Pine (Pinus balfouriana subsp. balfouriana) Populations Located in the Klamath Mountains, California." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6018.
Full textPédron, Nicolas. "Structure génétique, réponses bioénergétiques et traits de vie, de populations de flets (Platichthys flesus) soumises au réchauffement climatique, sur un gradient latitudinal." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0058/document.
Full textThe European flounder (Platichthys flesus) is a catadromous fish species distributed along the North-East Atlantic coasts, from the Arctic polar circle to the Iberian Peninsula. For several decades, the southern limit of its distribution area is shifting towards the North of the Portuguese coast. A preliminary study on the flounder population biology has detected a specific energetic metabolism for a southern peripheral population in Portugal compared to Northern populations located in the Bay of Biscay and in the Channel. In the present study, we have combined population genetics with experimental challenges in the laboratory to improve our knowledge on the genetic structure of flounder populations over Europe, and on the potentially resulting phenotypic differences among populations, mainly considering bioenergetics and life-history traits. The polymorphism of microsatellite markers and of several candidate genes highlighted a significant genetic differentiation between Iberian Peninsula populations and Northen populations. A thermal and hypoxia challenge has been conducted on flounder juveniles, considering (1) enzymatic activities linked to energetic metabolism (aerobiosis and anaerobiosis) and anabolism, and (2) a proteomic approach; this common garden experiment suggested a higher capacity of central populations (from Canche and Vilaine, France) and of one peripheral Southern population (from Lima, Portugal) to cope with respectively cold condition, warm and hypoxia condition. Finally, the analysis of thermal reaction norms in fish early life history traits, considering embryo-larval stages submitted to a thermal gradient, underlined a possible local adaptation of the flounder populations to their thermal environments
Beugin, Marie-Pauline. "The European wildcat as a model for the study of wildlife : focus on hybridization and the circulation of viruses." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1275/document.
Full textHybridization and infectious diseases are two major issues for wildlife conservation worldwide. The European wildcat Felis silvestris silvestris, through its interactions with its close relative the domestic cat Felis silvestris catus, represents a valuable model for the study of these two issues and their interactions. The European wildcat is both threatened by hybridization and infectious diseases. This, combined with the high diversity of environments where it lives throughout Europe, allows to lead comparative studies and to understand which environmental determinants impact gene and pathogen flows. Here we propose two new methodological developments for the detection of hybrids based on genetic markers allowing for a better comparability between studies and leading to a fast detection of hybrids respectively. Hybrid detection and assessment of spatial relatedness pattern were carried out in two local populations of European wildcats differing mostly on the level of fragmentation of their environment. On one of this population, we led a serological survey to investigate whether domestic cats and wildcats exchange some of the most common viruses of the domestic cat (FPV, FHV, FCV, FIV). We found a higher rate of hybridization in the most fragmented environment. There, the wildcat population, in spite of the domestic cats surrounding it that were infected at high prevalence with the viruses, was not infected by any of the viruses. The presence of genetic or behavioral barriers may explain this result in an environment that is not incompatible with the persistence of generalist strains. The local sampling achieved in this work allowed us to investigate mechanisms behind hybridization and viruses’ circulation. At the time, the European wildcat does not seem threatened by domestic cats. However, preventive measures should be taken to prevent a future increase in frequency of the phenomenon both for the control of gene and virus flows
Watkins, Laura Louise. "Tracer populations in the local group." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240582.
Full textVillemereuil, Pierre de. "Méthodes pour l’étude de l’adaptation locale et application au contexte de l’adaptation aux conditions d’altitude chez la plante alpine Arabis alpina." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS003/document.
Full textLocal adaptation is a micro-evolutionary phenomenon, which arises when populations of the same species are exposed to contrasted environmental conditions.If this environment exert some natural selection pressure, if an adaptive potential exists among the populations and if the gene flow is sufficiently mild, populations are expected to tend toward a local adaptive optimum.In this thesis, I study the methodological means of the study of local adaptation on the one hand, and I investigate this phenomenon along an elevation gradient in the alpine plant Arabis alpina on the other hand.In the first, methodological part, I show that the genome scan methods to detect selection using genetic markers might suffer strong false positive rates when confronted to complex but realistic datasets.I then introduce a statistical method to detect markers under selection, which, contrary to existing methods, make use of both the concept of genetic differentiation (or Fst) and environmental information.This method has been developed in order to reduce its global false positive rate.Finally, I present some perspectives regarding the relationships between the relatively old ``common garden'' experiment and the new developments in molecular biology and statistics.In the second, empirical part, I introduce an analysis of the demographic characteristics of A. alpina in six natural populations. Besides providing interesting biological information on this species (low life expectancy, strongly contrasted reproduction and survival...), these analyses show that growth increase and survival decrease with the decrease of average temperature (hence with altitude).Since these analyses do not allow us to rule out hypotheses such as drift and phenotypic plasticity, I show the results of a common garden experiment which enable us to smooth phenotypic plasticity and, when combined with molecular data, enable us to rule out the hypothesis of drift.The results show the existence of an adaptive phenotypic syndrome, in which plants are smaller, are more compact, grow slower and reproduce less in cold temperature environments.Using the molecular data, I draw a list of 40 locus which might be involved in this adaptive process.In the end, I discuss these empirical findings as a whole to place them in a more general context of alpine ecology. I sum up the main methodological challenges when studying local adaptation and offer some methodological perspectives
Guzinski, Jaro, and guzi0002@flinders edu au. "Investigating genetic population substructure of an Australian reptile tick, Bothriocroton hydrosauri, using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers." Flinders University. School of Biological Sciences, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090324.125811.
Full textBenjelloun, Badr. "Diversité des génomes et adaptation locale des petits ruminants d’un pays méditerranéen : le Maroc." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV011/document.
Full textRecent technological developments allow an unprecedented access to the whole genome variation and would increase our knowledge on genome diversification using population and landscape genomics. This work is based on the analysis of Whole Genome Sequence data (WGS) with the purpose of characterising genetic diversity in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and exploring genetic bases of local adaptation.First, we addressed a methodological aspect by investigating the accuracy and possible bias in the widely used genotyping approaches to characterize genetic variation in comparison with WGS data. We highlighted strong bias in conventional approaches (SNP chips and exome capture) and also in low-coverage whole genome re-sequencing (1X and 2X), and we suggested effective solutions based on sampling panels of random markers over the genome depending the purpose of the study (assessing neutral diversity, linkage disequilibrium, selection signatures). The various datasets produced allowed assessing genetic resources in various domestic (Moroccan and Iranian indigenous breeds and industrials) and wild populations (bezoars and Asiatic mouflons). We identified a very high diversity in indigenous and wild populations. They constitute a reservoir of alleles allowing them to play a possible key role in the preservation of these species in the context of global changes. The deep study of Moroccan goats showed a high diversity that is weakly structured in geography and populations, and highlighted numerous genomic regions showing signatures of selection. These regions identified different putative adaptive mechanisms according to the population (e.g. panting/sweating to adapt to warm/desert environment).Then, we explored genetic bases of local adaptation to the environment in sheep and goats using a landscape genomics framework. We scanned genomes of 160 sheep and 161 goats representing the eco-climatic Moroccan-wide diversity. We identified numerous candidate variants and genes, which allowed for identifying physiological pathways possibly underlying local adaptation. Especially, it seems that respiration and cardiac process have key roles in the adaptation to altitude. Our results suggest dissimilar adaptive mechanisms for the same environment in sheep and goats. However, we highlighted several cases of common metabolic pathways in different species. Moreover, we characterized some patterns for the variation of genetic differentiation in some candidate genomic regions over environmental gradients. This allowed us to visualise different adaptive reaction depending genes. This work points the way towards a better understanding of some mechanisms underlying local adaptation
Salles, Océane. "Potentiel évolutif d'une population naturelle de poissons coralliens à fort auto-recrutement dans un environnement variable." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE3071.
Full textThe evolutionary potential of wild populations to respond to environmental change will determine their capacity to adapt and survive. However, in order to achieve evolutionary change, variation in the contribution of an individual to the next generation — its fitness — must have a genetic basis and be heritable. The study of the evolutionary potential of populations requires longitudinal and relatedness data with different environments to partition the contribution of genes, maternal effects and environment on fitness. Estimates of genetic heritability of fitness traits are extremely rare, especially for marine species, where inter-generational relationships are rarely known. Here, we present the first multi-generational pedigree for a marine fish population by repeatedly genotyping all individuals in a population of the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) at Kimbe Island (Papua New Guinea) over a 10-year period. Based on 2927 individuals, our pedigree analysis revealed that longitudinal philopatry was recurrent over five generations. We show that local reproductive success has a very low (<1%) but significant heritability. We also show that additive genetic variation and maternal effects on local fitness are both extremely low (<1%). Habitat is the major driver that explain differences in the contribution of individuals to the next generation in the local population (until 96.5%). Together these results suggest that while the environment imposes strong selection pressures on the local fitness, the low heritability indicates the orange clownfish population has little evolutionary potential to adapt to local environmental changes
Rawle, Timothy David. "Stellar populations of local cluster early-type galaxies." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2123/.
Full textMeyer, Claire-Lise. "Évolution des populations métallicoles d’Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) : étude sur les traits et sur le génome en populations naturelles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10056/document.
Full textDue to the high concentration of heavy metals and the important environmental modifications, ecological conditions of metalliferous sites are very stressing for most organisms. A few plant species, coined “metallophyte”, have acquired the capacity to grow on heavy metal contaminated soils. Among this group, the pseudometallophyte species (able to grow on contaminated as well as on non contaminated soils) constitute highly relevant models to study local adaptation and relative influence of evolutionary forces in shaping phenotypic differentiation among populations The pseudometallophyte plant Arabidopsis halleri is a model species for tolerance and hyperaccumulation of heavy metal because it is a close relative of the pre-eminent species A. thaliana. Previous studies on heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation of A. halleri suggested evolution of metallicolous populations in response to high level of metal exposure. In order to investigate the evolutionary processes in neighboring metallicolous and non-metallicous A. halleri populations, we adopted population genomics and phenotyping approaches. First we explored the A. halleri genome to detect signatures of directional selection. We performed a genome-wide scan analysis using 820 AFLP markers. We identified some loci potentially under selection in metallicolous populations that constitute high-quality candidates for general adaptation to metalliferous sites. Interestingly, some candidates were population specifics, suggesting the possibility of convergent evolution or existence of different selection pressure in the different sites. Some of these candidates were mapped on A. thaliana genome to identify candidate genes. Our second objective was to evaluate the contribution of selection versus other forces in shaping distribution of zinc tolerance in A. halleri. We measured morphological and physiological traits to estimate zinc tolerance and role of selection was inferred using Qst/Fst approach. Our results suggest that, in the sampled populations, zinc tolerance has been increased in metallicolous populations through selection on standing variation within local non-metallicolous ancestral populations. The last part of this study focuses on looking for a link between genotype and phenotype of zinc tolerance
Morin, Benjamin R. "The Effect of Static and Dynamic Spatially Structured Disturbances on a Locally Dispersing Population Model." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MorinBR2006.pdf.
Full textHENON, NICOLAS. "Longevite familiale et sporadique (etude de 19 marqueurs polymorphes dont 14 sont localises dans le complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite, dans deux populations longevives comparees a une population temoin)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077325.
Full textJemuce, Jaime Luis. "Gentrificação e urbanização extensiva : caso do Distrito de Boane, Província de Maputo - Moçambique." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148307.
Full textThis thesis is a theoretical and conceptual debate on the issues of gentrification and extensive urbanization in Boane district, where the relationship between urban and rural areas is seen as crucial for growth and economic development in Mozambique. In this discussion, it is presented from the perspective of the use and land use, several reflections, from the idea that the land in Mozambique is public and state property, and the State assignment of social and economic functions on it. The object of study is a reflection on the problem of no prevalence of use rights and land use of the poor who inhabit certain areas (urban or rural) and have their expropriated land, going to settle in remote peripheral areas and devoid of essential services and urban facilities. The aim is to draw attention to the causes and effects in the use and enjoyment of land that has been triggered by processes designated in the country for "urban renewal" and that, according to our research, they could be identified as "gentrification" and "urbanization extensive ". The method used in the survey was the field work which gave a stranglehold on the local reality in many aspects and has allowed realize how the social function of land ownership is important for the low-income population that there lies, in spite of this right legally be recognized is not implemented in its entirety. Following makes an interpretation of the multiple effects of gentrification and extensive urbanization, as well as the multi-causality of those involved in the production. The findings, legitimate right to use and exploit land by communities in the accession process, or resistance, to the factors that drive or produce this dynamic use and land use, in Boane district.
Gross, Thilo. "Population dynamics general results from local analysis /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972885455.
Full textPurves, Drew William. "Local spatial structure and plant population dynamics." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251813.
Full textHolberg, J. B., T. D. Oswalt, E. M. Sion, and G. P. McCook. "The 25 parsec local white dwarf population." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621732.
Full textRousseau, Alain. "Archipel Bolama-Bijagos en Guinée-Bissau : population locale et développement planifié /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1990. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textSeno, Alves Daiane. "Participation et tourisme : quelle place pour la population ? Une étude exploratoire d'initiatives participatives au Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30009/document.
Full textDebates around “sustainability” focus the development on the local level. Citizen participation becomes therefore part of territorial development projects as a tool that at the same time brings closer inhabitants and projects decision-makers and allows the first ones to reappropriate their territory. Publications about participation so far worry about its definition and the necessary means. Some talk about more precised contexts and give us real concrete ideas. Nevertheless, research about participation and dialogue analyzes either cases of natural resources management (e.g. water or forests management) or city planning. There is however a less studied activity which touches all the characteristics of a territory: tourism. Few texts (mainly about solidarity or responsible tourism) are dedicated to the analysis of the importance of participatory development in the sector. We propose a general study of this kind of development in tourism in order to understand complex relations between population, decision-makers, other actors, projects, territory and tourists. Even if we get inspired by cases of participatory development in other fields, there will always be a large margin of difference between them and tourism. That is why we believe that more specific analyses of participatory development in tourism must be drawn in parallel. These analyses try firstly to understand in which ways this kind of development is important to a sustainable evolution of tourism. In this way, later on the study it is possible to determine the pertinent levels of participation and how to employ them. This work has an explorative character and seeks to develop a theoretical understanding of citizen participation role(s) in touristic decision-making and projects. Even though the study should be considered as explorative rather than comparative, our ambition is to make some comparative notes by the end of it. The initial research problem motivating this study concerns the need of involvement of inhabitants in local touristic politics and projects. Hence, one overall research question has been defined: Can people’s participation represent a factor of sustainability to the development of a tourism fitting well in a territory? From that reflection, other questions are made: What is the reality of citizen participation in touristic decision-making? Are people’s opinions taken into consideration by the responsible authorities? How can this involvement influence at the same time the tourism on a territory (images, promotion, welcome, flows, etc.) and the everyday life of inhabitants (quality, feelings, amenities, relations, etc.)?