Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Populations stellaires'
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OJHA, DEVENDRA. "Etude de la structure galactique et des populations stellaires. Cinematique des populations stellaires de la galaxie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13204.
Full textPierre, Marguerite. "Etude de populations stellaires jeunes extragalactiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600409k.
Full textKoleva, Mina V. "Les populations stellaires des galaxies naines elliptiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10020.
Full textThe past of the galaxies is imprinted in their stellar populations. The most numerous galaxies in the Universe are the dwarf ellipticals (dEs), left-over of the hierarchical mass-assembly. Consequently, the evolution of the Universe can be read from the stellar populations of the dwarf elliptical galaxies. In this thesis I present and validate an accurate and efficient method to study the age and metallicity evolution in stellar systems using spectra integrated along the line-ofsight. It was extensively tested and validated on a library of 40 Galactic globular clusters and applied to a sample of 16 dwarf elliptical galaxies in cluster and group environments and to NGC 205. The comparison between the integrated light measurement and CMD estimates of the clusters age and metallicity shows that : (1) The metallicity estimations of the old stellar populations are accurate up to 0.15 dex ; (2) the models have to be improved to account for the blue-horizontal branchs and the blue stragglers stars, but this problem can be presently solved by adding ad’hoc blue stars to the models ; (3) the different synthesis models give similar results providing large libraries are used for the synthesis. Further, encouraged by the good results, I applied the full spectrum fitting to dwarf elliptical galaxies observed with FORS at the VLT. The most striking results are : (1) The small galaxies start to form stars in the early Universe (at similar ages like the ages of Galactic globular clusters) and their star formation history is in agreement with the down-sizing scenario of galaxy evolution. 40% of the stellar mass of dEs was formed before z=1 ; (2) The dwarf ellipticals have in general decreasing metallicity from the centre by typically 0.5 dex in one halflight radius. These gradients are already present in the old population. The numerical simulations predict them, but need a longer time to construct them. The new observations will allow to improve the models. The study of NGC 205, galaxy of the Local Group of a similar mass, indicate similar characteristics, suggesting that they do not depend on the environment
De, Assis Peralta Raphaël. "Caractériser les populations stellaires à l'aide d'indices sismiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066106/document.
Full textLike terrestrial seismology, asteroseismology is the study of star quakes. These internal vibrations are detected by observing the luminosity (or velocity) variations at the stellar surfaces. From these time series, one computes power spectra which contain a wealth of information. In particular, for solar-like pulsators, we are able to observe the signal of granulation as well as the eigenmodes of stellar oscillations, both of which are a direct consequence of the convection in the star's envelope. Asteroseismology allows us to probe the interior of stars much like an ultrasound. Furthermore, with the large spatial photometric surveys CoRoT and Kepler, a new scope for seismology appeared. Indeed, it is possible to characterise to first order the oscillation spectra of solar-like pulsators with few indices or parameters, called seismic indices. Using simple relations, they allow us to estimate fundamental parameters of these stars. Asteroseismology is by consequence a very powerful tool for the study of stellar populations.In the perspective of the development of the Stellar Seismic Indices (SSI - The opening of the SSI database is planned for the summer of 2016, see http://ssi.lesia.obspm.fr/).) database, the purpose of my thesis was to develop an automatic method able to extract simultaneously the seismic indices and the parameters characterizing the granulation signature of solar-like pulsators. This method, called MLEUP, was optimized for red giants because for the few hundred main-sequence solar-like pulsators observed by CoRoT and Kepler, several tens of thousands of red giants have been observed by these same missions. MLEUP has a major advantage over most existing methods: it relies on the use red-giant stellar oscillation universal pattern (UP) to fit the oscillation spectra. This allows us to analyse the unsmoothed spectrum and fit simultaneously both granulation and oscillations with the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE).As a first step, MLEUP was tested on Monte Carlo simulations in order to quantify its performances. These simulations have revealed that MLEUP achieves very good performances, with low biases and dispersions. As a second step, we applied MLEUP to more than 36,500 stars observed by CoRoT and Kepler, thereby yielding seismic indices and granulation parameters for more than 13,500 stars. Those results have already been used in several works and are expected to be used in many more
Thévenin, Frédéric. "Contribution a l'etude des abondances des populations stellaires." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077294.
Full textGazzano, Jean-christophe. "Populations stellaires et systèmes planétaires observés par CoRoT." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10031/document.
Full textDuring my Ph.D., I performed the spectral analysis of a massive sample of stellar spectra in the context of the CoRoT /Exoplanet mission. We took advantage of the Flames/GIRAFFE multi-fibre instrument to observe almost 2 000 stars with the aim of understanding the stellar populations in the CoRoT fields. To these purposes, I implemented, calibrated, tested and applied an automatic pipeline to reduce and analyse automatically (using the parameterization algorithm MATISSE, Gazzano et al. 2010) a large sample of stellar spectra. I derived the barycentric radial velocity, an estimate of the rotational velocity projected on the line of sight, the effective temperature, the surface gravity, the overall metallicity and the -enhancement for 1227 stars in three of the CoRoT fields. Hence, I built one of the first unbiased samples for any study regarding planet metallicity relationship in the CoRoT fields and demonstrated that the amount of dwarf stars was generally underestimated by the photometric classification (in Exo-Dat, Deleuil et al. 2009). I applied the relationship linking the number of planets as a function of the metallicity of the host star (Udry & Santos 2007), totally in agreement with the current number of planetary detection in the corresponding CoRoT fields (Gazzano et al. 2010). Using MATISSE atmospheric parameters, we determined distances and combining them with kinematics information (proper motions from PPMXL catalogue - Roeser et al. (2010) and astrometry), we derived Galactic kinematics components : position, velocities and orbits. This allowed me to study the stellar populations in the CoRoT /Exoplanet fields and quantify the metallicity gradient in the Galaxy (Gazzano et al. in preparation). I also participated to the spectroscopic follow-up observations of CoRoT planetary candidates with high resolution spectroscopy, to the spectroscopic analysis, with the VWA software (Bruntt et al. 2010b,a), of planet hosting stars for the CoRoT space mission and to their characterisation and publication. Indeed, the determination of the fundamental parameters of the star is a mandatory step for the complete characterisation of the planet
Robin, Annie. "Synthese de population : un modele de la galaxie et de ses populations stellaires." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2049.
Full textCantin, Simon. "Populations stellaires dans le coeur de galaxies spirales barrées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27223/27223.pdf.
Full textFremaux, Julien. "Populations stellaires dans les galaxies hôtes de noyaux actifs." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077102.
Full textThe stellar population of the galaxies hosting an active nuclei seems to have a strong relationship with the activity level of the nucleus. As these galaxies are too far to be resolved in individual stars, we have to use a population synthesis method to be able to determine which kind of stars we can find inside. The comparison between these stellar populations and those of the non-active galaxies of the same morphological type will bring us a better knowledge on the relationship between the stellar population and the active nucleus. In this thesis, we have developed a new method for the stellar population synthesis using the flux received from the galaxy as observable quantity to fit and taking into account the non stellar diluting continua that contaminate the galactic spectrum. We have applied this method to the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15. The wavelength range chosen, in the near infrared, is particularly well adapted for the stud'y of the internal region of the Seyfert 1 galaxies because, on the contrary of the visible range, there are almost none of the emission lines coming from the active nucleus. However, it is difficult to build a complete stellar spectra library in the near infrared, because of a lack of observations. Now, this library is an essential ingredient for the stellar population synthesis. It should be possible to complete it with theoretical spectra, computed thanks to stellar atmospheres models, but comparing these spectra to observed ones in the near infrared shows the lack of reliability of the computed absorption lines
Joguet, Benoît. "Populations stellaires des galaxies actives de type Seyfert 2." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077205.
Full textPellerin, Anne. "Coexistence de populations stellaires dand la galaxie IRAS 0833+652." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/MQ47228.pdf.
Full textSEROTE, NUNES ROOS MARIA MARGARIDA GIL. "Etude des populations stellaires dans les noyaux actifs de galaxies." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077332.
Full textJablonka, Pascale. "Vers l'analyse des populations stellaires des galaxies a grand redshifts." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077282.
Full textKarera, Prime. "Structure morphologique et populations stellaires d'un échantillon de galaxies spirales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27105.
Full textTo characterize the morphological structure and the stellar populations of a sample of thirteen spiral galaxies, we analyzed WISE and GALEX images, and constructed pixel magnitude-magnitude and color-magnitude diagrams. The diagrams reveal groups of pixels which spatially trace the structural components of the galaxies. The diagrams and radial surface brightness profiles indicate that variations in the surface mass densities of the old stellar populations play a major role in the differentiation of structures. We estimate the ages of the young stellar complexes and the dust extinction in these galaxies by means of comparison to models of simple stellar populations born from an instantaneous burst. The study of these properties is possible through the combination of ultraviolet and infrared data and to the high sensitivity of the ultraviolet colour to variations in age. We observe an extinction gradient whose slope depend on the presence of a bar or a nuclear activity : the exctinction decreases with respect to the galactocentric distance and the slope is smaller for galaxies with a bar or with a nuclear activity. There is an age gradient as well, with the external regions being less evolved than the central ones, except for the late-type galaxies.
Jasniewicz, Gérard. "Sur quelques aspects de la binarite dans les populations stellaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13046.
Full textJasniewicz, Gérard. "Sur quelques aspects de la binarité dans les populations stellaires." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376061979.
Full textMohan, Vijay. "Utilisation de la photométrie photographique pour l'étude des populations stellaires galactiques." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4125.
Full textFouesneau, Morgan. "Étude des populations d'amas stellaires dans les galaxies : une approche bayésienne." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6277.
Full textGuiglion, Guillaume. "Étude du disque galactique par marquage chimique de ses populations stellaires." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4114/document.
Full textStudying both the chemical composition and kinematics of Milky Way stars is essential to understand how big structures of our Galaxy are formed. Indeed, low-mass stars retain in their photosphere the chemical composition of the interstellar medium is which they were born. Additionally, the kinematics are essential to characterize stellar populations. In this thesis, we focus on the galactic disc, a major component of the Milky Way. In the context of the Gaia mission, we have developed an automatic procedure GAUGUIN, devoted to deriving chemical abundances. We first applied our method to the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) data to derive alpha and iron-peak chemical abundances for 10000 stars. We then derived lithium abundances for 7300 stars from the AMBRE project. GAUGUIN is well adapted to massive spectroscopic surveys, both in terms of computation time and accuracy. GAUGUIN will be soon integrated into the RVS DPAC analysis pipeline of the Gaia mission. We studied the velocity dispersions in the galactic disc as a function of the [Mg/Fe] ratio, used as an age proxy. Thanks to 6800 GES stars, we detected thick disc stars with cool kinematics and high [Mg/Fe] ratio, so presumably old. In the generally turbulent context of the primitive galactic disc, this thesis places these results in the framework of the different disc formation and evolution scenarios. We also showed that the lithium abundance in the galactic disc increases as a function of the metallicity in the domain -1<[M/H]+0 dex and decreases at super-solar metallicities. Finally, the thin and the thick discs could be characterized by different lithium abundance evolutions
Mohan, Vijay. "Utilisation de la photométrie photographique pour l'étude des populations stellaires galactiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608076j.
Full textBergond, Gilles. "Amas stellaires galactiques et extragalactiques : effets dynamiques de la galaxie hôte." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2002. https://hal.science/tel-02071403.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the structure and dynamics of open and globular clusters in the Galaxy, as well as extragalactic star cluster systems. The aim is to better understand the processes controlling the evolution of stellar clusters, in particular when one takes into account tidal effects which disturb the spatial structure of individual star clusters and the overall distribution of the objects around their host galaxy. For resolved clusters, the detection of tidal tails requires multi-band, wide-field observations. Nearby open clusters were studied on digitized Schmidt plates. Once selected the probable cluster members in the colour-magnitude diagrams, a wavelet transform was used to reveal the shape of the clusters. The tidal extensions detected have been compared to the results of numerical simulations (Bulge attraction and Disk shocking). For the study of more distant objects, deeper images obtained from large format CCDs were needed. They allowed us to discover tidal tails around several binary but also isolated star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Finally, we have started to extend this work to the study of star cluster systems beyond the Local Group. In particular, we observed the Fornax cluster of galaxies and the compact group HCG 90 in order to detect wanderer globular clusters, ejected into the intergalactic space by strong dynamical phenomena occurring between galaxies. These new observations will be compared to numerical simulations of star cluster systems within groups of galaxies. This will bring interesting clues on the formation and evolution galaxies, as well as give new insights in the origin of various stellar populations
Bica, Eduardo Luiz Damiani. "Une nouvelle approche pour la synthese de populations stellaires dans les galaxies." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150180.
Full textA new approach for population synthesis in galaxy nuclei is developed. It makes use exclusively of a library .of star cluster integrated spectra. This method presents the advantage, over those traditionally using libraries of stellar spectra or a mixture of stars and star clusters of being a two parameter analysis: age and metallicity.The initial mass function is implicit in the case of star clusters and the s tellar evolution is also automatically taken into account in the present method.
Bica, Eduardo. "Une nouvelle approche pour la synthese de populations stellaires dans les galaxies." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077092.
Full textMoultaka, Jihane. "Synthèse des populations stellaires dans les galaxies proches : aspect théorique et applications." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066463.
Full textBica, Eduardo. "Une Nouvelle approche pour la synthèse de populations stellaires dans les galaxies." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602989x.
Full textRettura, Alessandro. "Evolution des propriétés structurelles et des populations stellaires de galaxies massives et lointaines." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112108.
Full textThe scope of this thesis is to study the morphology, the cinematics and the stellar populations of massive distant early type galaxies. To constrain the star formation and assembly history of the early type galaxy population one needs to explore the evolution of scaling relations such as the fundamental plane, the luminosity-size and the mass-size relation. This thesis aims at exploring the evolution of the stellar mass and luminosity as a function of the size, the morphological type and of the environment since z = 2. 5. To understand whether an accelerated evolution is present between 1. 0 < z < 1. 3, we study the galaxy mass and ages distribution as well as the morphological parameters both in the field and in the cluster environment. The galaxy host of powerful radio sources represent unique beacons for the most massive systems in the universe. The high redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) form a straight sequence in redshift which traces the radio-quiet ones and which is well modeled by the evolution of an old stellar population formed at very high redshift from a reservoir of 1012 solar masses. A second part of this thesis is devoted to the study, at any cosmic epoch, of the most massive galaxies by studying observations of 70 HzRGs a 1 < z < 5. 2. The main goal is to completely cover the SED of HzRGs in order to constrain galaxy ages and masses
Mouhcine, Mustapha. "Rôle des étoiles de la branche asymptotique des géantes dans les populations stellaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13174.
Full textDelisle, Sonya. "Synthèse spectrale de populations stellaires des galaxies, séparation des effets d'âge et de métallicité." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/NQ36258.pdf.
Full textCabral, Nahuel. "Modèles de synthèses de populations planétaires avec cavité magnétique et effets de marées stellaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY088.
Full textIn this thesis, we have been interested on the effects of the magnetic cavity and the stellar tides in synthetic planet population. The magnetic cavity is thought be important at the formation phase since it can truncates the gaseous disk and potentially stops the inward migration of planets (Lin et al. 1995). In this work we modified the standard radial viscous equation in order to take into account the effect of the magnetic torque on the gaseous disk (Armitage et al. 1999). Moreover, the stellar tides have been included in an analytical way as in (Bénitez-Llambay et al. 2011). For this work, we used the planetary model of Bern (Mordasini et al. 2012) at which we included both effects. The end of the thesis compare the synthetic orbital distribution with the orbital distribution observed by Kepler (Howard et al. 2012).Finally, a last chapter treats a topic different than the rest of the thesis. We tested the so called pebble mechanism (Ormel&Klahr2010) in the planetary formation model of Bern. So far, this chapter is a first step to a more complete model. However, we show that the numerical implementation is working well
Haywood, Misha. "L'évolution de disque de la Voie Lactée : comptages d’étoiles et synthèse de populations stellaires." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1994. https://hal.science/tel-02095272.
Full textJamet, Luc. "La région HII géante NGC 588 : Un laboratoire pour l'étude des populations stellaires et des nébuleuses ionisées." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077214.
Full textKhorrami, Zeinab. "Imagerie à haute résolution des amas R136 et NGC3603 dévoilent la nature de leurs populations stellaires." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4030/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying 2 massive clusters NGC3603 and R136, and the mechanisms that govern their physics, These clusters host the most massive stars known in the local universe so far and are important clues to understand the formation and fate of very massive star clusters. The manuscript outlines the photometric analysis of the core of R136 and NGC3603 on the basis of HST data in the visible and the VLT high dynamic imaging that I obtained in the infrared thanks to the SPHERE focal instrument operated since 2015 and its extreme Adaptive Optics, In an extensive photometric study of these data I discovered a significantly larger number of faint low-mass stars in the core of both these clusters compared to previous works. These stars are often detected in the vicinity of known massive bright objects. By comparing HST and SPHERE measures, NGC3603 does not show any signature of mass segregation in its core since the MF slope of the very core and the next radial bin are similarly flat and agree well with the MF found in previous works of the outer regions. On the other hand R136 is partially resolved using the SPHERE/IRDIS mode with most of the massive stars having visual companions. Considering the spectroscopic and photometric errors on the extinction and the age of cluster members, I estimate a mass range for each detected star. The MF is plotted at different ages with given errors on stellar masses. Finally I demonstrate that we need more resolution to go further on studying R136 which is 7-8 times further than NGC3603
Ocvirk, Pierre. "Contraintes spectroscopiques sur les populations stellaires : Comparaison de modèles et application aux amas nucléaires de galaxies sans bulbe." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13096.
Full textJean-Baptiste, Ingrid. "Reconstruire l'histoire d'accrétion de la Voie Lactée par l'étude de son système d'amas globulaires et de ses étoiles de champ." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO004/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to contribute to understand the formation history of our Galaxy, the Milky Way, using as tracers some among the oldest objects in the universe, the globular clusters, and field stars.In the LambdaCDM paradigm, one of the main mechanisms of galaxy growth is by means of satellite accretion. The Milky Way is no exception and the history of its accretions can be read also in its population of globular clusters, containing both in-situ and accreted members. While for clusters at large distances from the Galactic centre an extragalactic origin is often proposed, in the inner regions, where most of the stellar mass of our Galaxy lies, the link between globular clusters and stellar populations is still very widely debated.In this work, we use the close link between globular clusters and field stars, as well as numerical simulations, to try to remove the ambiguity on the in-situ or accreted origin of these objects and to reconstruct the accretion history of the Milky Way. As a first step, we study the spatial distribution, kinematics and chemical abundances of metal-rich ([Fe/H] > -1) globular clusters. We show that their spatial, kinematic and chemical properties are in good agreement with those of the stellar population of the thick disk of the Galaxy. We then suggest that metal-rich globular clusters and Galactic thick disk share the same epoch of formation and evolution. Secondly, we analyze the overall efficiency of kinematic diagnostics that have been proposed to identify merger debris among the field stars and discuss their application to the galactic globular cluster system. To do this, we use self-consistent numerical simulations that model the accretion of one or more satellite galaxies in a Milky Way-like potential. On the one hand, we show that the integrals of motion are not conserved during the accretion process. As a result, after the merger, accreted stars and globular clusters do not retain the initial information about the orbital properties of their progenitor satellites. On the other hand, mergers of small galaxies and tidal interactions may cause the heating of the in-situ populations (stars and globular clusters) which, in response, populate the galactic halo and the regions in the kinematic spaces preferentially occupied by objects with an extragalactic origin.In the context of the arrival of Gaia data, this work shows that the identification of debris of past accretion events experienced by the Milky Way using only kinematic diagnostics will be extremely challenging. Detailed chemical abundances and/or ages will be fundamental to disentangle the accreted or in-situ nature of the Galactic stellar populations
VERGELY, JEAN-LUC. "Utilisation d'une methode inverse pour la cartographie du milieu interstellaire et la determination des populations stellaires du diagramme hr." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13230.
Full textDelmotte, Nausicaa. "Identifications croisées multi-longueurs d'ondes : Application aux populations stellaires des nuages de Magellan et aux étoiles jeunes de notre galaxie." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004238.
Full textGuérou, Adrien. "Formation et évolution des galaxies de faible masse, de l'univers local aux décalages spectraux intermédiaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30256.
Full textLow-mass galaxies form the most numerous galaxy population in the Universe at all cosmic times, and are legitimately considered as the "building-blocks" of galaxy formation in a cosmological context. In the local Universe, low-mass galaxies are preferentially found in galaxy clusters where they form through a complex chain of in-situ formation and accretion events. However, the detailed formation and evolution processes of low-mass galaxies, and their exact roles in the formation of more massive galaxies are still poorly constrained, in particular due to challenging observations. After setting the scene with an introduction on our current understanding of low-mass galaxies, I present the study of a sample of eight compact low-mass galaxies in the Virgo cluster. I derive their stellar kinematics as well as the age and metallicity of their stellar content from GMOS/Gemini Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) data, and demonstrate that the stellar population properties evolve smoothly with galaxy size, mass and environment over the full range of galaxy mass. This suggests that a similar set of physical processes is at play on both low- and high-mass galaxies, but the relative efficiency of each of these processes in shaping galaxies varies smoothly from the low- to the high-mass ends. I then derive their star formation histories as well as those of a sample of 20 more extended typical low-mass galaxies, and present a study of their dependencies on the environment and the mass of their host galaxy. As a result, I underline through this work that the environment as well as the most massive galaxies play an important role in controlling the formation and evolution of low-mass galaxies. But local galaxies only represent the end products of a complex evolution path, leaving ambiguity about the early evolution of galaxies. However, I then show with the help of IFS observations of the nearby galaxy NGC3115 obtained with MUSE/VLT, that two-dimensional maps of the kinematics and stellar populations of galaxies, with large spatial coverage and high spatial resolution, are keys to unveil their whole mass assembly history, and thus their formation and evolution through all cosmic times. Thus, to better constrain the evolution of low-mass galaxies, I use deep MUSE/VLT observations in the Hubble Deep Field South to study low-mass galaxies at intermediate redshift. I derive for the first time the spatially resolved stellar kinematics of a sample of ten galaxies at a redshift between z ~ 0.2 - 0.7, and show that the stellar rotation amplitude and velocity dispersion are in agreement with previous studies of their gas kinematics. Such information put into the light of current galaxy evolution models will help to better understand the growth of stellar mass in galaxies and the origins of today low-mass galaxies
Lima, Da Cunha Elisabete. "Modélisation des distributions spectrales d'énergie des galaxies de l'ultraviolet à l'infrarouge." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448304.
Full textGirard, Pascal. "Étude des propriétés chimiques des composantes cinématiques du disque galactique. Méthode de détermination automatique des paramètres stellaires." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165833.
Full textGrosdidier, Yves. "Le phénomène Wolf-Rayet au sein des étoiles chaudes de populations I et II, histoire des vents stellaires et impact sur la structure nébulaire circumstellaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59115.pdf.
Full textGROSDIDIER, YVES. "Le phenomene wolf-rayet au sein des etoiles chaudes de populations i et ii : histoire des vents stellaires et impact sur la structure nebulaire circumstellaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13231.
Full textMichel-Dansac, Léo. "Evolution des disques de galaxies isolées dans l'univers proche : apport de la calibration spectro-photométrique de simulations numériques par des modèles de synthèse de populations stellaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11055.
Full textLombardo, Linda. "Explorer l'histoire de la Galaxie grâce à la spectroscopie stellaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLO011.
Full textThis thesis project presents several studies that are focused on the investigation of the chemical properties of different stellar populations in the Milky Way by means of high-resolution spectroscopy.The thesis is structured as follows:The first chapter is an introduction to the thesis project, and is divided into three sections. The first section describes the structure and formation scenarios of the Milky Way, in particular by referring to the most recent discoveries. The second section introduces the basic concepts and objectives of the studies presented in this thesis work. The third section describes the methods used to analyse the spectroscopic data.The second chapter presents the studies carried out in the context of the MINCE project. The first study is devoted to the chemical analysis of a sample of young giant stars that was serendipitously discovered during the first MINCE observations. My contribution in this work was to derive the stellar parameters, analyse the spectroscopic data, measure the rotational velocities, compare the results with theoretical models and write the paper. The second study presents the results obtained from the analysis of the first sample of MINCE stars. In this work, I contributed to the analysis of some of the stars in the sample.The third chapter presents the results obtained in the context of the CERES project. The first study presents a detailed chemical analysis of the star RAVE J110842.1-715300, with the aim of understanding whether or not it originated in the Omega Centauri globular cluster. My contribution in this study was to derive the stellar parameters of the star. The second study presents the results obtained for the CERES star sample. My contribution was to derive the parameters, compute model atmospheres, measure the chemical abundances, and write the paper.The fourth chapter presents the results obtained in the context of the High-speed stars project. The first study reports the results obtained from the high-resolution follow-up of two young and metal-poor stars in the sample of Caffau et al. (2020), to check whether they are blue stragglers or not. My contribution in this study was to obtain the high-resolution observations with UVES and to analyse the data. These results have not been published yet. The second study presents a detailed analysis of two high-speed stars observed with Subaru. In this study I was involved in the C abundance determination.The fifth chapter presents the results obtained from the chemical analysis of samples of stars selected using the Pristine photometry. The first study presents the chemical analysis of a sample of metal-poor stars that may have been enriched by the explosion of pair instability supernovae. My contribution was to select promising candidates and observe them with the SOPHIE spectrographat Observatoire de le Haute Provence (OHP)in visitor mode. The second study presents the preliminary results obtained from the chemical analysis of a sample of Pristine extremely metal-poor candidates. My contribution in this study was to derive the stellar parameters and the chemical abundances. The paper is in preparation.The sixth chapter concludes the thesis and gathers final reflections and future projects
Giovannoli, Elodie. "Les galaxies observées de l'ultraviolet à l'infrarouge. Les résultats du télescope spatial Herschel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10095/document.
Full textMy PhD thesis takes part of extragalactic physics. During three years I have worked on the fit of the spectral energy distribution (SED fitting) of galaxies by doing an energetic budget between the emission at ultraviolet wavelengths and the one at infrared wavelengths. I have extensively used the code CIGALE (Burgarella et al. 2005, Noll et al. 2009) allowing to estimate the physical parameters of galaxies from their broad bands and intermediate bands emission from ultraviolet wavelengths to submillimetric wavelengths. During my thesis I have improved this code by adding output parameters and several templates of active galactic nuclei to those already available.While I have studied the SED fitting technics I have also built original mock catalogues of galaxies to determine the reliability of the output parameters of CIGALE and, more generally, the reliability of parameters estimated by SED fitting codes.I have used the SED fitting method to analyse several samples of galaxies from low redshift to high redshift, with multi wavelength detections. I have used data from the ultraviolet (GALEX) to the far infrared using data from AKARI and Herschel space observatory. I have matched the AKARI data to ancillary data at other wavelengths to study nearby galaxies and determine their dust attenuation quantity. I have used Herschel data as part of HerMES and GOODS-H consortium members. In the framework of the GOODS-H project I have worked on the determination and the study of the so-called ultraviolet bump at 2175 A for a sample of high-redshift galaxies, and on the formulation of an attenuation law for these objects. In the framework of HerMES I have worked with the SED fitting working group to study a sample of galaxies with 0
Powalka, Mathieu. "Etude multi-longueurs d’onde d'amas globulaires pour caractériser le lien entre leur environnement et leurs propriétés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE026/document.
Full textThrough the study of the globular cluster (GC) properties, it is possible to unravel the history of their host galaxies and by extension the history of the universe. During this thesis, I was interested in the GC properties in different environments. First, I looked at the GCs in the Virgo cluster, a dense galaxy cluster located at 16.5 Mpc. I used data from the survey NGVS (Next Generation Virgo Survey) to define a sample of 1846 GCs. Then, I compared the colors of these GCs with those of Milky Way GCs and I noted color differences never yet observed, which are still enigmatic. In order to understand these differences, I compared the observed GCs with synthetic GCs obtained with 10 stellar population synthesis models. I also studied the age and metallicity predictions of those models. In the end, in their current status, the models do not account for the diversity highlighted in my thesis. Finally, I assessed the spatial properties of the GCs around M87 in order to find any signatures of a recent accretion
Picaud, Sébastien. "Etude des regions centrales de la Voie Lactée en infrarouge proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004293.
Full textDrouart, Guillaume. "Relation noyau actif et histoire de la formation d'étoiles dans les radio galaxies distantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923182.
Full textNandakumar, Govind. "L’archéologie galactique et son application au centre galactique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4064/document.
Full textGalactic archaeology deals with dissecting the Milky Way into its various components with the objective to disentangle processes contributing to the Milky Way formation and evolution. This relies on precise estimation of positions, velocities as well as stellar atmosphere properties of individual stars belonging to different stellar populations that make up each of these components. Thus this field relies on photometric, astrometric and spectroscopic observations to measure the above mentioned stellar properties in detail in addition to accurate models to compare the observed results with. In this thesis, I have carried out a detailed study of selection function effects on metallicity trends using larges scale spectroscopic surveys, followed by high and low resolution spectroscopic observations towards the inner Milky Way to characterise the chemical nature of the inner Galactic bulge and to measure the star formation rate in the central molecular zone (CMZ), respectively. With ongoing and upcoming large Galactic archaeology spectroscopic surveys such as APOGEE, RAVE, LAMOST, GALAH etc, it is essential to know the specific selection function which is related to the targeting strategy of each of them. By using common fields along similar lines of sight between APOGEE, LAMOST, GES and RAVE, and together with stellar population synthesis models, I investigate the selection function effect on the metallicity distribution function (MDF) and the vertical metallicitiy gradients in the solar neighborhood. My results indicate that there is negligible selection function effect on the MDF and the vertical metallicity gradients. These results suggest that different spectroscopic surveys (different resolutions and wavelength range) can be combined for such studies provided their metallicities are put on the same scale. While more and more spectroscopic observations of the outer bulge regions reveal the complex morphological, kinematic and chemical nature of the Milky Way bulge, there is a lack of detailed chemical abundances studies in the inner bulge region (400-500 pc). I will present high resolution K-band spectra of K/M giants in this highly obscured region obtained using the high resolution infrared spectrograph, CRIRES (R-50,000), on VLT. I will discuss the MDF and detailed chemical abundances of our sample in this region as well as the North-South symmetry in MDF along the bulge minor axis. A major challenge in the chemical evolution models is the lack of knowledge about the star formation history and the star formation rate in the Milky Way. The inner 200 pc of the Milky way, the so called central molecular zone, has a large reservoir of molecular gas with the evidence of star formation activity during the last 100,000 years. I used low resolution KMOS spectra (VLT) to identify and analyse massive young stellar objects (YSOs) and estimated the star formation rate in the CMZ using the YSO counting method
Le, Borgne Damien. "Evolution des galaxies dans les domaines X et optique : histoire de la formation d'étoiles et de la métallicité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455432.
Full textGirard, Pascal. "Etude des propriétés chimiques des composantes cinématiques du disque galactiqueMéthode de détermination automatique des paramètres stellaires." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13293.
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