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Journal articles on the topic 'Porcine kidney'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

de Souza, Fernanda Rocha, Maria Aparecida Dalboni, Andreas Kaasi, José Osmar Medina de Abreu Pestana, Adalberto Ramón Vieyra, and Nádia Karina Guimarães de Souza. "Rapid Protocol of Porcine Kidney Decellularization." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 38 (August 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.38.67.

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Chronic kidney disease is a problem that has grown in recent decades worldwide. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) estimates that the number of patients will double in the next 10 years. Dialysis and kidney transplantation are the treatments used for chronic kidney disease. There is hope in slowing down chronic kidney disease or even stopping its progression. Bioengineering and cell therapy are the main fields in kidney regeneration research using three-dimensional matrices in which cells are cultured, an ideal solution for scarcity organs for kidney transplantation. The difficulty in re-creating a functional kidney due to the complexity of its three-dimensional structure and its composition of different cell types and that can be incorporated in vivo with low immunogenicity is a very difficult task. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to meet the enormous demand for new treatments, developing strategies of tissue engineering on the basis of the decellularization of the porcine kidney performed through a new cell removal protocol. We determined the effective removal of cells by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses, showing the preservation of type IV collagen and fibronectin. Therefore, this method is a quick way to obtain decellularized porcine kidneys for future recellularization studies.

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2

Johnson, Blake, Scott Campbell, and Naira Campbell-Kyureghyan. "Characterizing the Material Properties of the Kidney and Liver in Unconfined Compression and Probing Protocols with Special Reference to Varying Strain Rate." Biomechanics 1, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics1020022.

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The liver and kidneys are the most commonly injured organs due to traumatic impact forces applied to the abdomen and pose a challenge to physicians due to a hard-to-diagnose risk of internal bleeding. A better understanding of the mechanism of injury will improve diagnosis, treatment, forensics, and other fields. Finite element modelling is a tool that can aid in this understanding, but accurate material properties are required including the strain rate dependency and the feasibility of using animal tissue properties instead of human. The elastic modulus in a probing protocol and the elastic modulus, failure stress, and failure strain in a compression protocol were found for both liver and kidney tissue from human and porcine specimens at varying strain rates. Increases in the elastic modulus were seen for both the human kidney and liver, but only for the porcine kidney, when comparing the unconfined compression and probing protocols. A strain rate dependency was found for both the liver and kidney properties and was observed to have a larger saturation effect at higher rates for the failure stress than for the elastic modulus. Overall, the material properties of intact liver and kidney were characterized, and the strain rate dependency was numerically modelled. The study findings suggest that some kidney and liver material properties vary from human to porcine tissue. Therefore, it is not always appropriate to use material properties of porcine tissue in computational or physical models of the human liver and kidney.

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Abolbashari, Mehran, Sigrid M. Agcaoili, Mi-Kyung Lee, In Kap Ko, Tamer Aboushwareb, John D. Jackson, James J. Yoo, and Anthony Atala. "Repopulation of porcine kidney scaffold using porcine primary renal cells." Acta Biomaterialia 29 (January 2016): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.026.

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4

Huang, Jianni, George Bayliss, and Shougang Zhuang. "Porcine models of acute kidney injury." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 320, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): F1030—F1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00022.2021.

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Pigs represent a potentially attractive model for medical research. Similar body size and physiological patterns of kidney injury that more closely mimic those described in humans make larger animals attractive for experimentation. Using larger animals, including pigs, to investigate the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) also serves as an experimental bridge, narrowing the gap between clinical disease and preclinical discoveries. This article compares the advantages and disadvantages of large versus small AKI animal models and provides a comprehensive overview of the development and application of porcine models of AKI induced by clinically relevant insults, including ischemia-reperfusion, sepsis, and nephrotoxin exposure. The primary focus of this review is to evaluate the use of pigs for AKI studies by current investigators, including areas where more information is needed.

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Guan, Yong, Shuangde Liu, Yuqiang Liu, Chao Sun, Guanghui Cheng, Yun Luan, Kailin Li, Jue Wang, Xiaoshuai Xie, and Shengtian Zhao. "Porcine kidneys as a source of ECM scaffold for kidney regeneration." Materials Science and Engineering: C 56 (November 2015): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.007.

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6

Milicevic, Dragan, Zlatan Sinovec, Snezana Saicic, and Dubravka Vukovic. "Occurrence of ochratoxin A in feed and residue in porcine liver and kidney." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 108 (2005): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0508085m.

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The effect of ochratoxin A in feed for pigs, and the incidence of its residue in liver and kidney were investigated. The samples were taken from farms and corresponding slaughterhouse in different areas of Serbia. The criteria for OTA residue examination in the mentioned tissues were macroscopic alterations in kidneys, that is a marked kidney ischemia. 14 feed samples, 12 kidney samples and 12 liver samples in total were examined. The average OTA concentration in feed was 25,24 g/kg (0,0-85 g/kg). The presence of the OTA residue was found in all of examined tissues samples. The average OTA concentration in kidneys was 2,37 g/kg (1,0-8,2 g/kg), in liver was 2,66 g/kg (1,2-5,5 g/kg). The experiment showed that the average OTA concentration in feed of farm A in contrast to farm B was significantly low (p < 0,05), in liver was significantly lower (p < 0,01), while in kidneys was not significantly low (p < 0,05). The correlation between these three findings was postulated and discussed.

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7

Kumar Kuna, Vijay, Sanchari Paul, Bo Xu, Robert Sjöback, and Suchitra Sumitran-Holgersson. "Human fetal kidney cells regenerate acellular porcine kidneys via upregulation of key transcription factors involved in kidney developmentRunning title: Regeneration of porcine kidneys." AIMS Cell and Tissue Engineering 3, no. 1 (2019): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/celltissue.2019.1.26.

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8

Milicevic, Dragan, Verica Juric, Aleksandra Dakovic, Miljan Jovanovic, Srdjan Stefanovic, and Zoran Petrovic. "Mycotoxic porcine nephropathy and spontaneous occurrence of ochratoxin A residues in kidneys of slaughtered swine." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 116 (2009): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0916081m.

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In order to find information on the occurrence of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Serbia, during a six month period (2006/2007) samples of kidney from individual healthy slaughtered pigs were collected (n=90) and analyzed by HPLC for ochratoxin A. In addition, histological examinations were carried out. The incidence of OTA in kidney was 33,3% and varied between 0.17-52.5 ng/g. Histopathological examination of kidneys confirmed tubulopathies with oedema and cell vacuolization. In addition, hemorrhages and necrosis of proximal kidney tubules cells were found. These findings indicate that it is likely that most of the kidney injury is related to ochratoxin A and other nephrotoxic compounds which enhance the toxicity of OTA.

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9

Gulik, Thomas M. van. "Appraisal of the porcine kidney autotransplantation model." Frontiers in Bioscience E4, no. 4 (2012): 1345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/e464.

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10

Bäcker, A., D. Bokemeyer, and H. J. Kramer. "Endothelin synthesis and receptors in porcine kidney." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 171, no. 1 (January 2001): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00789.x.

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11

Backer, A., D. Bokemeyer, and H. J. Kramer. "Endothelin synthesis and receptors in porcine kidney." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 171, no. 1 (January 2001): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.171001105.x.

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12

Monserrat, J. Juan, and John T. Dingle. "A catabolin-like factor from porcine kidney." Cell Biochemistry and Function 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290030110.

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13

KASHIWAKURA, IKUO, YUKITOSHI HAYASE, and YOSHINARI TAKAGI. "Colony Promoting Activity in Porcine Kidney Extract." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 108, no. 10 (1988): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.108.10_984.

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14

Greenaway, Frederick T., Zuwen He, John J. Hahn, Ning Xi, and Yue Zou. "The copper of porcine kidney diamine oxidase." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 47, no. 3-4 (July 1992): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(92)84130-f.

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15

Salisbury, Craig D. C. "Evaluation of the Swab Test On Premises for Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Bovine and Porcine Kidneys." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 5 (December 1, 2004): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.5.1109.

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Abstract The effect of sample matrix on the sensitivity of the Swab Test On Premises (STOP) was evaluated for selected antimicrobials. Fluid was extracted from bovine and porcine kidneys, and fortified with known levels of drugs. Aqueous standards were also prepared at the same levels. An aliquot of the fortified fluid or water was pipeted onto a dry swab which was placed onto the surface of a STOP plate, and the plate was incubated as outlined in the test kit manual. Zones of bacterial growth inhibition were measured and recorded, and additional testing was performed with decreasing levels of drug until a minimum detectable level was determined. The effect of temperature on the sensitivity of the test was also evaluated by running samples in duplicate, one set at a nominal temperature of 28°C, and the second set at a nominal temperature of 32°C. Fortified bovine kidney fluid produced significantly larger zones than did porcine kidney fluid at both temperatures, but the mean zone sizes for fortified water were not significantly different from those of bovine or porcine kidney fluid at either temperature. For all 3 matrixes, than 32zones of inhibition were significantly larger at 28°C than 32°C.

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16

Bleilevens, Christian, Benedict M. Doorschodt, Tamara Fechter, Tim Grzanna, Alexander Theißen, Elisa A. Liehn, Thomas Breuer, et al. "Influence of Vitamin C on Antioxidant Capacity of In Vitro Perfused Porcine Kidneys." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081774.

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Systemic and localized ischemia and reperfusion injury remain clinically relevant issues after organ transplantation and contribute to organ dysfunctions, among which acute kidney injury is one of the most common. An in vitro test-circuit for normothermic perfusion of porcine kidneys after warm ischemia was used to investigate the antioxidant properties of vitamin C during reperfusion. Vitamin C is known to enhance microcirculation, reduce endothelial permeability, prevent apoptosis, and reduce inflammatory reactions. Based on current evidence about the pleiotropic effects of vitamin C, we hypothesize that the antioxidant properties of vitamin C might provide organ-protection and improve the kidney graft function in this model of ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: 10 porcine kidneys from 5 Landrace pigs were perfused in vitro for 6 h. For each experiment, both kidneys of one animal were perfused simultaneously with a 1:1 mixture of autologous blood and modified Ringer’s solution at 38 °C and 75 mmHg continuous perfusion pressure. One kidney was treated with a 500 mg bolus injection of vitamin C into the perfusate, followed by continuous infusion of 60 mg/h vitamin C. In the control test circuit, an equal volume of Ringer’s solution was administered as a placebo. Perfusate samples were withdrawn at distinct points in time during 6 h of perfusion for blood gas analyses as well as measurement of serum chemistry, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Hemodynamic parameters and urine excretion were monitored continuously. Histological samples were analyzed to detect tubular- and glomerular-injury. Results: vitamin C administration to the perfusate significantly reduced oxidative stress (49.8 ± 16.2 vs. 118.6 ± 23.1 mV; p = 0.002) after 6 h perfusion, and increased the antioxidant capacity, leading to red blood cell protection and increased hemoglobin concentrations (5.1 ± 0.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.6 g/dL; p = 0.02) in contrast to placebo treatment. Kidney function was not different between the groups (creatinine clearance vit C: 2.5 ± 2.1 vs. placebo: 0.5 ± 0.2 mL/min/100 g; p = 0.9). Hypernatremia (187.8 ± 4.7 vs. 176.4 ± 5.7 mmol/L; p = 0.03), and a lower, but not significant decreased fractional sodium excretion (7.9 ± 2 vs. 27.7 ± 15.3%; p = 0.2) were observed in the vitamin C group. Histological analysis did not show differences in tubular- and glomerular injury between the groups. Conclusion: Vitamin C treatment increased the antioxidant capacity of in vitro perfused kidney grafts, reduced oxidative stress, preserved red blood cells as oxygen carrier in the perfusate, but did not improve clinically relevant parameters like kidney function or attenuate kidney damage. Nevertheless, due to its antioxidative properties vitamin C might be a beneficial supplement to clinical kidney graft perfusion protocols.

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17

Milićević, D., V. Jurić, S. Stefanović, M. Jovanović, Z. Petrović, and D. Vuković. "Occurrence of ochratoxin A and heavy metals in tissues associated with porcine nephropathy in Serbia." World Mycotoxin Journal 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1074.

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In order to find information on the occurrence of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Serbia, during a six month period (2006/2007) samples of blood, kidney and liver from individual animals were collected from healthy slaughtered pigs (n=90) and analysed by HPLC for ochratoxin A (OTA). In addition, the presence of nephrotoxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic were measured and the kidneys pathohistologically examined. Of the 90 liver samples, 26.6% contained OTA in the range of 0.22-14.5 ng/g. The incidence of OTA in serum and kidney were very similar (30 and 31.1%), but varied between 0.24-220.8 ng/ml and 0.17-52.5 ng/g, respectively. The presence of mercury was confirmed in 33.3% of kidney samples and concentrations ranged between 0.005-0.055 mg/kg, while cadmium was found less frequently (27.7% positive samples) but at higher levels (0.05-1.23 mg/kg). The presence of arsenic was found in only one sample, while lead was not detected in any sample. Histopathological examination of kidneys confirmed tubulopathies with oedema and cell vacuolisation. In addition, haemorrhages and necrosis of proximal kidney tubules' cells were found. These findings indicate that it is likely that most of the kidney injury is related to OTA and other nephrotoxic compounds which enhance the toxicity of OTA.

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18

Posma, Rene A., Leonie H. Venema, Tobias M. Huijink, Andrie C. Westerkamp, A. Mireille A. Wessels, Nynke J. De Vries, Frank Doesburg, et al. "Increasing metformin concentrations and its excretion in both rat and porcine ex vivo normothermic kidney perfusion model." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (August 2020): e000816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000816.

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IntroductionMetformin can accumulate and cause lactic acidosis in patients with renal insufficiency. Metformin is known to inhibit mitochondria, while renal secretion of the drug by proximal tubules indirectly requires energy. We investigated whether addition of metformin before or during ex vivo isolated normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of porcine and rat kidneys affects its elimination.Research design and methodsFirst, Lewis rats were pretreated with metformin or saline the day before nephrectomy. Subsequently, NMP of the kidney was performed for 90 min. Metformin was added to the perfusion fluid in one of three different concentrations (none, 30 mg/L or 300 mg/L). Second, metformin was added in increasing doses to the perfusion fluid during 4 hours of NMP of porcine kidneys. Metformin concentration was determined in the perfusion fluid and urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsMetformin clearance was approximately 4–5 times higher than creatinine clearance in both models, underscoring secretion of the drug. Metformin clearance at the end of NMP in rat kidneys perfused with 30 mg/L was lower than in metformin pretreated rats without the addition of metformin during perfusion (both p≤0.05), but kidneys perfused with 300 mg/L trended toward lower metformin clearance (p=0.06). Creatinine clearance was not different between treatment groups. During NMP of porcine kidneys, metformin clearance peaked at 90 min of NMP (18.2±13.7 mL/min/100 g). Thereafter, metformin clearance declined, while creatinine clearance remained stable. This observation can be explained by saturation of metformin transporters with a Michaelis-Menten constant (95% CI) of 23.0 (10.0 to 52.3) mg/L.ConclusionsMetformin was secreted during NMP of both rat and porcine kidneys. Excretion of metformin decreased under increasing concentrations of metformin, which might be explained by saturation of metformin transporters rather than a self-inhibitory effect. It remains unknown whether a self-inhibitory effect contributes to metformin accumulation in humans with longer exposure times.

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Boner, Pamela L., David W. Gottschall, and Heasook Kim-Kang. "Determination and Confirmation of Tulathromycin Residues in Bovine Liver and Porcine Kidney via Their Common Hydrolytic Fragment Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.2.436.

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Abstract An accurate, reliable, and reproducible analytical method using HPLC/MS/MS for the determination of tulathromycin residues in bovine liver and porcine kidney via their common hydrolytic fragment (CP-60,300) was developed and validated. Briefly, the method involved an initial acid treatment of intact tissues, which yielded the common fragment (CP-60,300). A portion of the acid hydrolyzate was purified by SPE using a strong cation exchange cartridge. Evaporation of the purified extract was followed by reconstitution in aqueous buffer and analysis by HPLC/MS/MS under isocratic conditions. The developed method provided acceptable sensitivity for determinative surveillance of tulathromycin in porcine kidney and bovine liver with an LOQ of 7.50 and 2.75 g/g, respectively. The overall recovery and precision (CV) of 45 determinations of each tissue were 97.8 (5.3) for porcine kidney and 96.9 (7.9) for bovine liver. Accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, and ruggedness were demonstrated. An HPLC/MS/MS method was also developed for use in these tissues as a confirmatory assay following modifications to the MS detection parameters. The confirmatory method demonstrated acceptable sensitivity for confirmatory evaluation of tulathromycin in porcine kidney and bovine liver at tolerances of 15 and 5.5 g/g, respectively.

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20

Choi, Yun Sil, Young Kwan Kim, Jung Hyun Shim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyung Sik Kang, Do Young Yoon, Yoshihiro Muneta, and Pyung Keun Myung. "Immunosuppression of xenograft rejection in porcine kidney PK15 cells by porcine IL-18." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 38, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emm.2006.67.

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21

Jonker, Jacqueline T., Paul de Heer, Evelien H. van Rossenberg, Marten A. Engelse, Trea C. M. Streefland, Ton J. Rabelink, Andrew G. Webb, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Hildo J. Lamb, and Aiko P. J. de Vries. "SP113IMAGING FATTY KIDNEY USING PROTON MR SPECTROSCOPY: VALIDATION BY PORCINE KIDNEY BIOPSIES." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 30, suppl_3 (May 2015): iii414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv188.76.

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22

Ramackers, Wolf, Lars Friedrich, Wolfgang Schüttler, Sabine Bergmann, Arnold Ganser, Michael Winkler, and Andreas Tiede. "An Ex Vivo Perfusion Model To Study the Treatment of Thrombotic Microangiopathy during Pig-to-Human Xenogenic Kidney Transplantation." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3190.3190.

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Abstract Early rejection of xenogenic organs is associated with thrombotic microangiopathy and changes of coagulation resembling disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Here, we used an ex vivo perfusion circuit as a model of pig-to-human kidney transplantation to study the nature and treatment of this pathology. Porcine kidneys were obtained following in situ cold perfusion with HTK organ preservation solution and immediately connected to a perfusion circuit containing porcine (“autologous”) or human (“xenogenic”) AB blood supplemented with complement component C1 inhibitor (1 U/ml) and heparin (1 U/ml). Perfusion of porcine kidneys with autologous blood was feasible for >240 min in all experiments. In contrast, perfusion of porcine kidneys with xenogenic human blood was limited by a dramatic increase of flow resistance after 30 to 240 min. Increased concentrations of C3a as a marker for complement activation were associated with early perfusion failure. In addition, a dramatic increase of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D Dimer (DD) was observed together with consumption of platelets, fibrinogen and antithrombin (AT). Histological examination demonstrated extensive thrombotic microangiopathy. Supplementation recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC, 300 ug/l*h, n=3) or recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT, 3 U/ml, n=3) abolished the increase of flow resistance and allowed for a xenogenic kidney survival of >240 min in all experiments. Increase of DD was abolished and the consumption of fibrinogen was abrogated by both treatments as compared to control, whereas the increase of TAT was abolished only by rhAPC. Histological examination revealed no evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy for both treatments as compared to control. In conclusion, the perfusion model introduced here is a suitable tool for studying coagulopathy during early rejection in xenotransplantation. Thrombotic microangiopathy and DIC-like activation of coagulation is associated with an increased flow resistance and failure of perfusion in this model. Pharmacological intervention such as the supplementation of rhAPC or rhAT can be studied using this model and has been shown to prevent coagulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy.

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23

Guzman-Partida, Ana Maria, and Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto. "Porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase: purification and properties." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 119, no. 3 (March 1998): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(98)00009-1.

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24

Fukui, Kiyoshi, Kyoko Momoi, Fusao Watanabe, and Yoshihiro Miyake. "Biosynthesis of porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 141, no. 3 (December 1986): 1222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80175-9.

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25

Miwa, Ichitomo, Yukako Kito, and Jun Okuda. "Purification and Characterization of Triokinase from Porcine Kidney." Preparative Biochemistry 24, no. 3-4 (November 1994): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826069408010094.

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26

Figueroa-Soto, Ciria G., and Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto. "Kinetic Study of Porcine Kidney Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 269, no. 2 (March 2000): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2337.

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Figueroa-Soto, Ciria G., Guillermo Lopez-Cervantes, and Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto. "Immunolocalization of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Porcine Kidney." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 258, no. 3 (May 1999): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.0584.

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Kumar, Kaushal, M. K. Gupta, K. K. Singh, and Sanjit Kumar. "Pathomorphology of porcine polycystic kidney: A case report." Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 40, no. 2 (2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-970x.2016.00041.9.

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&NA;. "IMPROVED PRESERVATION OF PORCINE KIDNEY GRAFTS USING POLYSOL." Transplantation 82, Suppl 2 (July 2006): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200607152-02110.

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30

Calvert, Jay G., David E. Slade, Shelly L. Shields, Rika Jolie, Ramasamy M. Mannan, Robert G. Ankenbauer, and Siao-Kun W. Welch. "CD163 Expression Confers Susceptibility to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses." Journal of Virology 81, no. 14 (May 9, 2007): 7371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00513-07.

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ABSTRACT Direct functional screening of a cDNA expression library derived from primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) revealed that CD163 is capable of conferring a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-permissive phenotype when introduced into nonpermissive cells. Transient-transfection experiments showed that full-length CD163 cDNAs from PAM, human U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma), African green monkey kidney cells (MARC-145 and Vero), primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, and canine DH82 (histocytosis) cells encode functional virus receptors. In contrast, CD163 splice variants without the C-terminal transmembrane anchor domain do not provide PRRSV receptor function. We established several stable cell lines expressing CD163 cDNAs from pig, human, and monkey, using porcine kidney (PK 032495), feline kidney (NLFK), or baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) as the parental cell lines. These stable cell lines were susceptible to PRRSV infection and yielded high titers of progeny virus. Cell lines were phenotypically stable over 80 cell passages, and PRRSV could be serially passed at least 60 times, yielding in excess of 105 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml.

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Posyniak, Andrzej, Jan Zmudzki, Richard L. Ellis, Stanislaw Semeniuk, Jolanta Niedzielska, R. Andrzejak, J. Cabon, et al. "Validation Study for the Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Animal Tissues." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.4.862.

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Abstract An interlaboratory study of the liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of tetracyclines—oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC)—in animal tissues was conducted. Isolation was performed with oxalic buffer followed by dechelation and deproteination with oxalic acid–acetonitrile. The extract was cleaned with a styrene–divinylbenzene cartridge. LC analysis was performed with a PLRP-S column and 0.01 M oxalic acid–acetonitrile (75 + 25, v/v) as mobile phase. Participants analyzed 2 control and 10 fortified porcine muscle and kidney samples. Additionally, porcine muscle samples containing incurred residues of tetracyclines were analyzed. Mean recoveries of fortified residues from porcine tissue ranged from 76.00 to 86.89%. Repeatabilities varied from 2.05% for OTC to 3.61 % for TTC for muscle samples and from 6.75% for CTC to 8.74% for OTC for kidney samples. Reproducibilities ranged from 2.05 to 4.30% for muscle samples and from 15.77 to 18.81 % for kidney samples.

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Ciganek, M., and J. Neca. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 5 (March 20, 2012): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5543-vetmed.

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Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among distribution of PAH in animal bodies from several localities with various PAH exposure or between their levels in porcine and bovine organs and tissues, except for eyeballs. On the contrary, significant variations of PAH concentrations (P < 0.01) were found between species in the same tissues from the same stable. The highest total concentrations of PAH were found in porcine and bovine lenses. Analyses of porcine and/or bovine lenses for PAH content could be used for determination of animal exposure to these compounds.

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Knapczyk, Katarzyna, Malgorzata Duda, Bozena Szafranska, Katarzyna Wolsza, Grzegorz Panasiewicz, Marek Koziorowski, and Maria Slomczynska. "Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.56.2008.2.10.

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The sites of oestrogen action can be shown by the localisation of their receptors in the target tissues. The aim of the present study was to show the localisation of oestrogen receptors in porcine embryos and fetuses obtained on days 18, 22, 32, 40, 50, 60, 71 and 90 post coitum (p.c.). The visualisation of proteins was conducted in embryos and various fetal organs such as gonads, uterus, lung, kidney, intestine and adrenal gland. Both ERs were observed in the blastocysts on day 18 p.c. In the male, ERβ was detected in the testis and epididymis, whereas ERα was present in the efferent ductules. In the female, ERβ was detected in the ovarian stromal cells investing the oocyte nests, while ERα protein was detected in the surface epithelium. In the uterus, ERs were present in the stromal cells, while ERβ was present in the luminal epithelium. In the non-reproductive fetal porcine tissues ERβ was localised in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands and in the umbilical cords. Both ERs were observed in the intestine. It is possible that ERβ may play important roles in the development of the adrenal gland, testis, kidney and lungs, while both ERs are involved in the development of the ovary, uterus, epididymis and intestine of the porcine fetus.

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34

Hjertner, B., T. Linné, and J. Moreno-Lόpez. "Establishment and Characterisation of a Porcine Rubulavirus (LPMV) Persistent Infection in Porcine Kidney Cells." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 38, no. 3 (September 1997): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03548484.

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35

Terrett, L. A., and L. J. Saif. "Serial propagation of porcine group C rotavirus (pararotavirus) in primary porcine kidney cell cultures." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25, no. 7 (1987): 1316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.25.7.1316-1319.1987.

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36

Flynn, W. T., and L. J. Saif. "Serial propagation of porcine enteric calicivirus-like virus in primary porcine kidney cell cultures." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, no. 2 (1988): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.26.2.206-212.1988.

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37

Choi, Yun Sil, Young Kwan Kim, Jung Hyun Shim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyung Sik Kang, Do Young Yoon, Yoshihiro Muneta, and Pyung Keun Myung. "Erratum: Immunosuppression of xenograft rejection in porcine kidney PK15 cells by porcine IL-18." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 38, no. 6 (December 2006): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emm.2006.87.

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38

Ball, Mark W., Nathaniel Readal, Phillip M. Pierorazio, and Mohamad E. Allaf. "Splitting One Kidney into Two: Robotic Partial Kidney Transplant in a Porcine Model." European Urology 69, no. 5 (May 2016): 968–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.12.014.

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39

Mancina, Elina, Julia Kalenski, Pascal Paschenda, Christian Beckers, Christian Bleilevens, Peter Boor, Benedict M. Doorschodt, and René H. Tolba. "Determination of the Preferred Conditions for the Isolated Perfusion of Porcine Kidneys." European Surgical Research 54, no. 1-2 (October 21, 2014): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000366155.

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Background: The isolated perfused porcine kidney (IPPK) model has been the method of choice for the early preclinical evaluation of kidney graft preservation techniques. The preferred reperfusion conditions have not yet been determined. Here, we examined the effects of pressure- or flow-controlled perfusion and oxygenation by pure oxygen or carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2) on normothermic reperfusion in the IPPK model. Methods: Porcine kidneys were cold-stored for 24 h in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution and reperfused for 1 h with normothermic whole blood/Krebs-Henseleit buffer medium (20/80%). Kidneys (n = 5/group) were flow-controlled reperfused with pure oxygen (1 ml/min/g; Flow-O2) or pressure-controlled reperfused (85 mm Hg mean arterial pressure) and oxygenated with either pure oxygen (Pressure-O2) or carbogen (Pressure-O2/CO2). Renal function and damage were assessed during reperfusion and NGAL and HIF-1α levels were analyzed using an ELISA. Results: Pressure-O2 and Pressure-O2/CO2 were associated with significantly better renal hemodynamics and acid-base homeostasis compared to Flow-O2. Urine protein concentrations and the fractional excretion of sodium were lower with both Pressure-O2 and Pressure-O2/CO2 than with Flow-O2. NGAL and HIF-1α levels were also lower with Pressure-O2 and Pressure-O2/CO2 than with Flow-O2. Only Pressure-O2/CO2 could demonstrate a significantly increased urine production compared to Flow-O2. The structural integrity was well preserved in the Pressure-O2 and Pressure-O2/CO2 groups, whereas diffuse and global glomerular destruction was observed in the Flow-O2 group. Conclusion: In the IPPK model, the application of pressure-controlled reperfusion with carbogen oxygenation, and to a lesser extent with pure oxygen, maintained physiological renal function for 1 h, thus providing a reliable and reproducible ex vivo evaluation of kidney preservation quality.

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MUNAKATA, HIROSHI, MAMORU ISEMURA, MASASHI KOSAKAI, JUNICHIRO AIKAWA, and ZENSAKU YOSIZAWA. "Evidence for the occurrence of lactosaminoglycan in porcine kidney." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 147, no. 1 (1985): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.147.107.

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41

Misra, Sanjay, Jeffery D. Gordon, Alex A. Fu, James F. Glockner, Alejandro R. Chade, Jaywant Mandrekar, Lilach Lerman, and Debabrata Mukhopadhyay. "The Porcine Remnant Kidney Model of Chronic Renal Insufficiency." Journal of Surgical Research 135, no. 2 (October 2006): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.04.001.

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42

Pope, John C., Patrick R. Showalter, Douglas E. Milam, and John W. Brock. "Intrapelvic pressure monitoring in the partially obstructed porcine kidney." Urology 44, no. 4 (October 1994): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(94)80061-8.

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43

Behrends, Matthias, Martin K. Walz, Andreas Kribben, Till Neumann, Udo Helmchen, Thomas Philipp, Rainer Schulz, and Gerd Heusch. "No Protection of the Porcine Kidney by Ischaemic Preconditioning." Experimental Physiology 85, no. 6 (November 2000): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-445x.2000.02073.x.

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Salahuddin, Saqib, Alessandra La Gioia, Atif Shahzad, Muhammad Adnan Elahi, Arun Kumar, David Kilroy, Emily Porter, and Martin O’Halloran. "An anatomically accurate dielectric profile of the porcine kidney." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 025042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aaad7b.

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Long, John P., and Garrey T. Faller. "Percutaneous Cryoablation of the Kidney in a Porcine Model." Cryobiology 38, no. 1 (February 1999): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cryo.1999.2150.

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MANDEL, NEIL S., JAMES D. HENDERSON, LINDA Y. HUNG, DAVID F. WILLE, and JOHN H. WIESSNER. "A Porcine Model of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease." Journal of Urology 171, no. 3 (March 2004): 1301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000110101.41653.bb.

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Omdahl, John L., Keith Wilson, Harold Swerdlow, and William J. Driscoll. "Molecular cloning and immunological characterization of porcine kidney ferredoxin." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 293, no. 2 (March 1992): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(92)90387-c.

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Salleh, Hamzah Mohd, and John F. Honek. "Time-dependent inhibition of porcine kidney trehalase by aminosugars." FEBS Letters 262, no. 2 (March 26, 1990): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(90)80229-c.

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Chen, Hsu-Chung Gabriel, Tsun-Yung Kuo, Ying-Chen Yang, Chung-Chin Wu, and Shiow-Suey Lai. "Highly permissive subclone of the porcine kidney cell line for porcine circovirus type 2 production." Journal of Virological Methods 187, no. 2 (February 2013): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.013.

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Oh, Taehwan, and Chanhee Chae. "First isolation and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 3 using primary porcine kidney cells." Veterinary Microbiology 241 (February 2020): 108576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108576.

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