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Journal articles on the topic 'Porous anodic aluminium oxide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Voon, Chun Hong, Mohd Nazree Derman, U. Hashim, Bee Ying Lim, and Sung Ting Sam. "Oxide Dissolution Treatment of Porous Anodic Alumina." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.73.

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In this study, oxide dissolution treatment was used for the formation of well ordered porous anodic alumina. Porous anodic alumina was formed on mechanically polished high purity aluminium by anodizing at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid of 15°C for 60 minutes. It is observed that the pore arrangement of as anodized porous anodic alumina was randomly distributed and showed no ordered hexagonal cell structure. As anodized porous anodic alumina were then subjected to oxide dissolution treatment of increasing exposure duration, up to three minutes. Micrographs were captured by using scanning electron microscope. Pore arrangement of porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment up to two minutes were similar to one another where no ordered periodic structures were formed. .When porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes, a perfect hexagonal pore arrangement was obtained.

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2

Voon, Chun Hong, Mohd Nazree Derman, Kai Loong Foo, M. Nuzaihan, and Uda Hashim. "Fast Fourier Transform Analysis of Images of Scanning Electron Microscope of Porous Anodic Alumina." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.69.

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In this study, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was conducted on the images of scanning electron microscope of morphology of the porous anodic alumina formed on high purity aluminium. High purity aluminium substrates were anodized at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid of 15°C for 60 minutes. As anodized porous anodic alumina were then subjected to oxide dissolution treatment of increasing exposure duration, up to three minutes. Micrographs were captured by using scanning electron microscope and the images were analyzed using FFT. It was found that the FFT images of as anodized porous anodic alumina and porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment up to two minutes were similar, which were disc shaped white forms, indicating no ordered periodic structures were formed. When porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes, FFT image showed six distinct spots at the edges of a hexagon, indicating a perfect hexagonal pore arrangement was obtained for porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes.

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3

Rozhdestvenska, Liudmyla, Kateryna Kudelko, Volodymyr Ogenko, and Menglei Chang. "MEMBRANE MATERIALS BASED ON POROUS ANODIC ALUMINIUM OXIDE." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, no. 12 (January 15, 2021): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.86.12.2020.67-102.

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Anodized aluminum oxide (AOA) is applied in many technological areas such as formation of decorative or anticorrosive coating, hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, development of functional micro- and nanomaterials. Due to unique properties of porous structure (most direct, regular and through pores with size in a narrow range) AOA films can be used for membrane separation. The morphological features of such films mainly depend on synthesis conditions. This review consists of the models of pore formation on the aluminum surface and the correlation parameters of films with anodizing conditions. Particular attention is paid to the influence of synthesis factors (electrolyte composition, voltage, temperature conditions, etc) on the porous structure of AOA and the film thickness that determines the mechanical strength of membranes. The optimal voltage values for the porous structure arraingment of anodized aluminum oxide were indicated for each electrolyte. It is noted formation of cylindrical shaped pores with controllable pore diameters, periodicity and density distribution can be produced during two-stage anodizing. The pre-treatment of the metal surface and stage of separation of the formed film from its surface are also considered. Modern research are mainly aimed to synthesis of porous AOA membranes in new anodizing electrolytes and determining pore formation factors on the aluminum surface. The new anodizing conditions in most popular electrolytes (oxalic, sulfuric, phosphoric acids) for obtaining of porous AOA with the required morphological features is also under investigation. Such conditions include, for example, a lower voltage or higher temperature in case for a particular electrolyte. To avoid of local heating the electrolytes with additional components, for example, organic additives is also studied. Some practical aspects of AOA membrane utilization obtained under certain conditions are considered.

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4

Wada, K., T. Shimohira, M. Yamada, and N. Baba. "Microstructure of porous anodic oxide films on aluminium." Journal of Materials Science 21, no. 11 (November 1986): 3810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02431615.

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5

Hu, Naiping, Xuecheng Dong, Xueying He, Sandip Argekar, Yan Zhang, James F. Browning, and Dale W. Schaefer. "Interfacial morphology of low-voltage anodic aluminium oxide." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 5 (August 24, 2013): 1386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813018219.

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X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and neutron reflectivity (NR), as well as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), are used to examine the in-plane and surface-normal structure of anodic films formed on aluminium alloy AA2024 and pure aluminium. Aluminium and alloy films up to 3500 Å thick were deposited on Si wafers by electron beam evaporation of ingots. Porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films are formed by polarizing at constant voltage up to 20 V noble to the open circuit potential. The voltage sweet spot (5 V) appropriate for constant-voltage anodization of such thin films was determined for both alloy and pure Al. In addition, a new concurrent voltage- and current-control protocol was developed to prepare films with larger pores (voltages higher than 5 V), but formed at a controlled current so that pore growth is slow enough to avoid stripping the aluminium substrate layer. USAXS shows that the pore size and interpore spacing are fixed in the first 10 s after initiation of anodization. Pores then grow linearly in time, at constant radius and interpore spacing. Using a combination of XRR and NR, the film density and degree of hydration of the films were determined from the ratio of scattering length densities. Assuming a chemical formula Al2O3·xH2O, it was found thatxvaries from 0.29 for the native oxide to 1.29 for AAO grown at 20 V under concurrent voltage and current control. The average AAO film density of the porous film at the air surface is 2.45 (20) g cm−3. The density of the `barrier' layer at the metal interface is 2.9 (4) g cm−3, which indicates that this layer is also quite porous.

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6

Cheng, Tsung-Chieh, and Chu-Chiang Chou. "The Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Porous Anodic 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Oxide Film." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/371405.

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The properties of the growth of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy oxide were studied using sulfuric acid anodization. The parameters for the manufacturing process include electrolyte categories, electrolyte concentration, and operating voltages. The results showed that the aluminum oxides obtained by anodization process are mainly amorphous structure and the anodic current density is an important factor affecting the rate of response for oxygen and aluminum ions in barrier. In this experiment, polish process is very important to stable the anodic aluminum oxide film and then it will get the better properties of anodic film. Besides, when using sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, the increase of anodic voltage also increases the rate of reaction which increases the mechanical and electrical properties of anodic oxide film, but too large applied anodic voltage will reduce the mechanical and electrical properties of film because of the crack of the anodic oxide film.

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7

Li, Yi, Yuyan Qin, Zhiyuan Ling, Xing Hu, and Yanhua Shen. "Unique AAO films with adjustable hierarchical microstructures." RSC Advances 5, no. 1 (2015): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13076f.

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8

Boytsova, Olga, Alexey Klimenko, Vasiliy Lebedev, Alexey Lukashin, and Andrey Eliseev. "Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (June 16, 2015): 1332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.137.

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We present here the behavior of the resonance frequency of porous anodic alumina cantilever arrays during water vapor adsorption and emphasize their possible use in the micromechanical sensing of humidity levels at least in the range of 10–22%. The sensitivity of porous anodic aluminium oxide cantilevers (Δf/Δm) and the humidity sensitivity equal about 56 Hz/pg and about 100 Hz/%, respectively. The approach presented here for the design of anodic alumina cantilever arrays by the combination of anodic oxidation and photolithography enables easy control over porosity, surface area, geometric and mechanical characteristics of the cantilever arrays for micromechanical sensing.

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9

Xamidov, Anvar, Farhodjon Hoshimov, Shavkat Mamatkulov, Khakimjan Butanov, Mirakhmat Yunusov, and Olim Ruzimuradov. "Catalytic Activity of Ni, Co, Mo Supported Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanocomposites." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8480.845-852.

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Nanostructured catalysts based on porous aluminum oxide (PAO) and some 3d metals, such as: nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum, have been obtained by anodic oxidation and impregnation. The synthesis of porous aluminum oxide with a highly ordered pore structure with pore sizes of 50 nm and a thickness of 50 µm is carried out by the method of two-stage anodic oxidation. The catalysts are obtained by impregnation of 3d metals into nanosized pores of aluminum oxide. The obtained catalysts based on nickel and porous Al2O3 are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). The results of SEM-EDX analysis shows that a spongy structure with filament sizes of 100 nanometers containing particles of 3d metals formed on the surface of the aluminum oxide matrix. The results are presented on the activity of nickel and heterogenic cobalt and molybdenum nanoparticles in the reaction of hydrogenation of hexene to hexane. The results show that the yield temperature of the hexane is decreased and the yield of hexane is observed at 200 °C with Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, and a similar yield of hexane mass is achieved at temperatures higher than 250 °C with Co-Mo/Al2O3 and traditional nickel catalysts on kieselguhr. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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10

Juyana, A. Wahab, and Mohd Nazree Derman. "Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Film on Aluminium Templates Formed in Anodizing Process." Advanced Materials Research 173 (December 2010): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.173.55.

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A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.

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11

DANIŞMAN, M., M. KOCABAŞ, M. CURIONI, and N. CANSEVER. "INVESTIGATION OF POROUS ANODIC FILM FORMATION ON AA1050 BY ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 08 (December 9, 2019): 1950186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501865.

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In this study, the formation of porous Al2O3 on commercial 1050 aluminium alloy (AA1050) in 2[Formula: see text]M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolyte was investigated. Anodization was performed at 12[Formula: see text]V and 15[Formula: see text]V specimens for a charge density of 757[Formula: see text]mC/cm2 and 3231[Formula: see text]mC/cm2. The resulting oxides were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to analysis, a hexagonal oxide formation containing more than one nano pore was observed on the surface of the specimen. The structural properties of the porous oxide film were analyzed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis and film-related features such as thickness of the porous and the barrier layer were obtained.

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12

Deng, Shan, Lei Xu, Qiu Ze Li, Xing Min Huang, Shu Lin Liang, and Guang Ze Dai. "Corrosion Behavior of Anodic Films Formed on Aluminium 7A04 Alloy in Boric/Sulphuric Mixed Acid and in Chromic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.95.

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The corrosion behavior of the anodic oxide film on aluminium 7A04 alloy is investigated in current paper, where the different anodic oxide films are prepared. Morphology observation on different anodic films is carried out by using laser confocal microscopy (LCM) and copper sulfate test. Meanwhile, the electrochemical properties are evaluated through using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The LCM observation shows that the anodic oxide film formed in boric/sulphuric mixed acid is uniform with porous appearance, while the anodic oxide film formed in chromic aid is nonporous one but defective. The copper sulfate test results show that the corrosion regions almost developed from micropores in strong corrosive media. The evaluation of EIS in NaCl solution demonstrates that the corrosion resistance of specimen with anodic oxide film is much better than that without film. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of anodic film formed in boric/sulphuric mixed acid is better than that formed in chromic acid.

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13

KIKUCHI, Tatsuya, Mana IWAI, Daiki NAKAJIMA, Shungo NATSUI, and Ryosuke O. SUZUKI. "Porous Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.69.554.

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14

Lyutich, A. A., I. S. Molchan, and N. V. Gaponenko. "Birefringence in porous anodic aluminum oxide." Optics and Spectroscopy 97, no. 5 (November 2004): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1828634.

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15

Qin, Xue, and Fang Li. "Synthesis of the Novel Porous Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 96 (January 2010): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.96.241.

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Synthesis of porous carbon nanotubes using the anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template method, by decomposing sucrose on AAO, was reported. The surface area of the porous carbon nanotubes calculated by the BET method was 375 m2•g-1. The porous carbon nanotubes would be expected to have a potential application in the field of catalyst supports, hydrogen storage material and new nano-devices.

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16

Park, S. J., B. K. Ahn, Prashant Sudhir Alegaonkar, H. J. Shin, and Ji Beom Yoo. "Fabrication of Porous Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ Thin Film Hybrid Composite Using Atomic Layer Deposition and Properties Study." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1273.

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been used in advanced applications where thin layers of materials with precise thickness down to the nanometer scale are needed. Using anodic oxidation, we prepared the porous alumina. Anodic oxidation was carried out in 5C 0.3M oxalic acid with anodizing voltages (~ 40 V) and two step anodization method. SEM shows that, these porous anodic oxides are well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. Afterward, titanium dioxide thin films were coated by ALD on the porous anodic aluminum oxide. ALD films were influenced by the deposited interface morphology between Al2O3 and TiO2 and narrow channel of ~ 10 nm was obtained by controlling ALD cycle.

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17

Konno, H., Y. Baba, and R. Furuichi. "Formation of Porous Anodic Oxide Films Containing Chromium Ions on Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 192-194 (August 1995): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.192-194.379.

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18

Jha, Himendra, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Masatoshi Sakairi, and Hideaki Takahashi. "Area-selective microscale metallization on porous anodic oxide film of aluminium." Electrochemistry Communications 9, no. 7 (July 2007): 1596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.03.003.

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19

Sarkar, Jaya, Gobinda Gopal Khan, and A. Basumallick. "Nanowires: properties, applications and synthesis via porous anodic aluminium oxide template." Bulletin of Materials Science 30, no. 3 (June 2007): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-007-0047-0.

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20

Kokatev, A. N., S. G. Vasiliev, N. М. Yakovleva, and К. V. Stepanova. "Anisotropic membranes based on porous anodic alumina films." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 3-2020 (November 25, 2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.3.4.020.

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In the present study, we report the development of a new type of anodic aluminium oxide membranes. Nanoporous alumina films have been fabricated by galvanostatic two-step anodizing technique. For the 1stgroup of samples at both stages was used water solution of oxalic acid as an electrolyte; and for the 2ndgroup at the 2ndstage was used a special multicomponent electrolyte. Using atomic force microscopy, it was found that a method of barrier layer thinning “from above” in combination with chemical removal of metal enables permeable anisotropic alumina membranes fabrication.

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21

Voon, C. H., M. N. Derman, and U. Hashim. "Effect of Manganese Content on the Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/752926.

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The influence of manganese content on the formation of well-ordered porous anodic alumina was studied. Porous anodic alumina has been produced on aluminium substrate of different manganese content by single-step anodizing at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid at 15°C for 60 minutes. The well-ordered pore and cell structure was revealed by subjecting the porous anodic alumina to oxide dissolution treatment in a mixture of chromic acid and phosphoric acid. It was found that the manganese content above 1 wt% impaired the regularity of the cell and pore structure significantly, which can be attributed to the presence of secondary phases in the starting material with manganese content above 1 wt%. The pore diameter and interpore distance decreased with the addition of manganese into the substrates. The time variation of current density and the thickness of porous anodic alumina also decreased as a function of the manganese content in the substrates.

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22

Thein Kyaw, Thein, Kyaw Myo Naing, and Nyunt Win. "Study on Anodizing Processes for Formation of Nano Porous Aluminum Oxide Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 3061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.3061.

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In this paper aluminum oxide thin film was prepared by anodic oxidation in various acid baths such as sulphuric acid, chromic acid and phosphoric acid with different concentrations. The thickness and appearance of the anodized films formed has been compared. The thicknesses of anodic oxide film, coating weight per unit area and coating ratio of anodic oxide film variation were determined with respect to the different electrolyte concentrations by using the thickness determination formula. Sulphuric acid gives the highest thickness aluminum oxide films, in the operation condition of 15% H2SO4solution composition, 15V, 30±2°C, 100 mA, 60 mins.

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23

Cui, Miao Miao, Xiu Chun Yang, and Jun Wei Hou. "Preparation of AgBr Nanowire Arrays in Porous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Template by Paired Cell Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 539 (January 2013): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.255.

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Firstly, porous anodic aluminum oxide template was prepared by a two-step anodization process, then AgBr nanowire arrays were successfully synthesized by paired cell deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the as-synthesized samples are composed of face-centered AgBr. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows that the average diameter of the nanowire arrays is about 70nm.

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24

Silina, Yuliya E., Tatiana A. Kychmenko, and Marcus Koch. "Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide films for UV/vis detection of noble and non-noble metals." Analytical Methods 8, no. 1 (2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02498f.

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In this study, a simple, rapid and inexpensive approach for the screening of heavy metals with photometric reagents was developed based on porous, anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films, with detection limits of 0.45 mg L⁻¹ (Co²⁺), 0.25 mg L⁻¹ (Pb²⁺) and 0.59 mg L⁻¹ (Ni²⁺).

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25

Balde, Mamadou, Arnaud Vena, and Brice Sorli. "Fabrication of porous anodic aluminium oxide layers on paper for humidity sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 220 (December 2015): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.05.053.

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26

Zhang, Weiwei, Liqing Huang, Chunyan Zi, Yakun Cai, Yu Zhang, Xueyuan Zhou, Fuqiang Shang, Lihua Zhao, You Liu, and Gang Li. "Wettability of porous anodic aluminium oxide membranes with three-dimensional, layered nanostructures." Journal of Porous Materials 25, no. 6 (February 21, 2018): 1707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-018-0584-5.

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27

Свербиль, П. П., В. С. Горелик, Dongxue Bi, Guang Tao Fei, Shao Hui Xu, and Xu Dong Gao. "Угловые зависимости спектров пропускания фотонно-кристаллических пленок на основе оксида алюминия." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 10 (2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.10.48355.176-19.

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AbstractThe angular dependences of the transmission of a one-dimensional photonic crystal based on porous anodic aluminum oxide are studied in the wavelength range of 320–1200 nm. The possibility of using porous one-dimensional photonic crystals based on aluminum oxide as selective narrowband optical filters and mirrors is studied.

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28

Park, B. H., and In Soo Kim. "Electrodeposited Nickel Nanowire Arrey." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.585.

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The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates were prepared by a two step anodization process in a mixture phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and chromic acid and oxalic acid. The pore of anodic aluminum oxide templates were hexagonal arranged pore domains. Oredred Nickel nanowires were prepared in this porous anodic aluminum oxide templates from Watt solution and additives by an electrodeposition. The diameter of Nickel nanowires in the array were about 80 nm and the length is about 800 nm with the aspect ratio of about 10. The ordered Nickel nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and magnetometer.

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29

Su, Zixue, and Wuzong Zhou. "Formation Mechanism of Porous Anodic Aluminium and Titanium Oxides." Advanced Materials 20, no. 19 (October 2, 2008): 3663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200800845.

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30

Suchitra, S. M., P. Ramana Reddy, and N. K. Udayashankar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanotubes Using Porous Anodic Alumina Templates." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12174.

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In the present paper, we reported the preparation of Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanotubes using porous anodic aluminium oxide membranes as templates through thermal condensation of cynamide at 500 °C. Structural analysis of synthesized nanotubes was systematically carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and results confirmed the growth of GCN inside the nanochannels of anodic alumina templates. Optical features of GCN were carried out using UV visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence. PL analysis showed that a strong emission peak occurs in the wavelength range of 350–600 nm in blue region. Thermal behaviour of GCN was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

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31

Franco, M., S. Anoop, R. Uma Rani, and A. K. Sharma. "Porous Layer Characterization of Anodized and Black-Anodized Aluminium by Electrochemical Studies." ISRN Corrosion 2012 (December 4, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/323676.

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Three types of black anodic coatings, namely, black dyeing (BD), inorganic colouring (IC), and electrolytic colouring (EC) were prepared by conventional type II sulphuric acid anodizing on Al6061 alloys. Electrochemical behaviour of these coatings was studied by exposure to 3.5% wt sodium chloride solution for prolonged immersion periods up to 360 hours. The porous layer characteristics of all sealed, fresh and autosealed coatings were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An equivalent circuit that reproduces the a.c. impedance results of porous aluminium oxide films is proposed. The breakpoint frequency and damage function analysis were carried out to analyse the coating's electrochemical behaviour. Corrosion morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that BD and IC behaved in a very similar manner to sulphuric acid anodising (SAA). However EC was behaving in an entirely different manner. Among all colouring methods BD was showing very less values. All these findings were further confirmed by linear polarisation studies. No major evidence of localised corrosion or pitting of the black anodic coatings was observed in SEM micrographs.

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32

Bruera, Florencia A., Gustavo R. Kramer, María L. Vera, and Alicia E. Ares. "Low-Cost Nanostructured Coating of Anodic Aluminium Oxide Synthesized in Sulphuric Acid as Electrolyte." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030309.

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The anodic oxidation of aluminium is an electrochemical technique that allows obtaining nanostructures with easily adjustable morphology depending on the synthesis variables, for its application in medicine, engineering, biotechnology, electronics, etc. In this work, low-cost aluminium oxide nanostructured films were synthesized and morphologically characterized using two anodization steps in sulphuric acid, varying the concentration and temperature of the electrolyte and anodization voltage. The order of the porous matrix, pore diameter, interpore distance, pore density, thickness, and porosity were measured and statistically analyzed. The results showed that under the proposed conditions it is possible to synthesize low-cost nanoporous aluminium oxide films, with a short-range ordering, being the best ordering conditions 10 °C and 0.3 M sulphuric acid at 20 V and 5 °C and 2 M sulphuric acid at 15 V. Furthermore, it was determined that the pore diameter and the interpore distance vary proportionally with the voltage, that the pore density decreases with the voltage and increases with the concentration of the electrolyte, and that the thickness of the oxide film increases with electrolyte concentration, temperature, and anodization voltage.

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33

Chiba, Makoto, Chinami Yamada, Haruka Okuyama, Minori Sugiura, Sven Pletincx, Hilke Verbruggen, Atsushi Hyono, Iris De Graeve, Herman Terryn, and Hideaki Takahashi. "Development of novel surface treatments for corrosion protection of aluminum: self-repairing coatings." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0056.

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AbstractTwo types of self-repairing coatings for the protection of Al and its alloys are reviewed: (1) organic coatings with capsules containing repairing agent and (2) porous anodic oxide films with inhibitor solution stored in the pores of the oxide film. First, polyurethane microcapsules containing liquid surface-repairing agents were synthesized and polyurethane coating with the capsules was painted on Al alloy specimens. After mechanical damage to the coating, self-repairing occurred by the reaction of water vapor in the air with the repairing agents released from the capsules. Second, porous-type anodic oxide films were formed on Al alloys, and the pores of the anodic oxide films were filled with inhibitor solutions, followed by application of a covering polyurethane layer. Inhibitors released from the pores efficiently protected the Al alloy substrate from corrosion arising from induced mechanical damage.

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Zhang, Shu-Hong, Zhao-Xiong Xie, Zhi-Yuan Jiang, Xin Xu, Juan Xiang, Rong-Bin Huang, and Lan-Sun Zheng. "Synthesis of silver nanotubes by electroless deposition in porous anodic aluminium oxide templates." Chemical Communications, no. 9 (2004): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b315931k.

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Le Coz, François, Laurent Arurault, and Lucien Datas. "Chemical analysis of a single basic cell of porous anodic aluminium oxide templates." Materials Characterization 61, no. 3 (March 2010): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2009.12.008.

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36

Patermarakis, G., and K. Moussoutzanis. "Electrochemical kinetic study on the growth of porous anodic oxide films on aluminium." Electrochimica Acta 40, no. 6 (April 1995): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(94)00347-4.

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37

Nurrudin, Ahmad, Brian Yuliarto, Suyatman, and Agung Sriwongo. "Formation of Porous Anodic Alumina from Impure Aluminum Foil in Inorganic Acids." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.89.

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The morphology of porous anodic alumina (PAA) formed by anodizing in inorganic electrolytes is reported. An impure aluminum was anodized in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and chromic acidat room temperature with a constant applied potential 2 – 30 V. The formation of porous anodic alumina was carried out by one and two steps anodization. It is clearly noted that anodizing impure aluminum at room temperature provide higher kinetic of oxide dissolution compared to oxide growth. Two steps anodizing aluminum in sulfate electrolyte always resulted in random porous alumina, while phosphate electrolyte provided strong anodization producing irregular porous alumina with average diameter of 61.6 nm. Two steps anodizing aluminum in chromate electrolyte produce better pore ordering with relatively large size pore distributions. The average pore diameter of alumina increases linearly with applied voltage, with proportionality factor lp 0.83 nmV-1. Annealing the sample increased the interpore distance, removed stresses providing lower activation energy for pore formation.

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Ma, Di, Shu Bai Li, Long Gui Xu, Xin Yan Dong, and Xiu Ying Hu. "Fabrication of Self-Organized Porous Anodic Alumina Film in Malonic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1271.

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The surface of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film anodizing in malonic acid, which is characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and ImageJ software. There are disorderly tiny pores or stripes on the first once anodizing surface. Pore diameter, pore density and porosity are decided by the first anodizing process. With anodizing step increased, pore diameter of the membrane decreased. Two-step anodization improves the order of PAA membrane greatly, which is processed on the basic of the ordered array pits at the aluminum that is observed after removing membrane of the one-step anodization. According to the experiments, porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAA) was prepared in 1.0 mol/L malonic acid, its pore diameter increased and porosity decreased with anodizing voltage increased.

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39

Weng, Yung Jin, J. C. Huang, Yung Chun Weng, Y. C. Wong, Hsu Kang Liu, and Sen Yeu Yang. "A Study on Application of Making Porous Micro-Structural Aluminum Oxide Template by Anodic Aluminum Oxide Processing Technology in Cell Reproduction." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.356.

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This study employed the Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) method twice for AAO processing to prepare neatly-arranged aluminum oxide film micro nano porous structure, and conducted experiments by adjusting different condition parameters (current, voltage, and temperature). The experimental results showed that voltage would directly affect the pore space and surface roughness of the aluminum oxide film. In addition, after anodic treatment, the positive and negative surfaces demonstrated varying degrees of roughness under the same conditions. In this study, the experiment of surface roughness impact on cell proliferation demonstrated that cell proliferation was better when surface roughness was in the range of 0.4 nm < Ra < 1.2 nm.

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40

He, Zhenhua, Jieling Li, Canhui Liu, and Shifei Zhu. "Structure and optical properties of porous SiC film grown by magnetron sputtering on porous anodic aluminium oxide template." Processing and Application of Ceramics 15, no. 1 (2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2101087h.

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Porous fluorescent SiC films were deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) using porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template. In the first step AAO was carefully placed on the Si substrate and then coated with SiC film using magnetron sputtering at the deposition temperature of 873K for different times. The pore diameter, pore spacing and thickness of the double pass porous AAO template were 300, 450 and 500 nm, respectively. The SiC film deposited for 60min showed macroporous structure with the pore size of 200 to 250 nm and pore spacing of 450 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the porous SiC film ranged from 400 to 700 nm. The band gap of SiC is 2.305 eV, and the phonon energy of phonon participating in PL of SiC is estimated at 0.075 eV. The source of phonon participating in PL of SiC may be from phonon scattering of silica/SiC interface in porous SiC film. The porous AAO template assisted magnetron sputtering is a promising technical processing for the fabrication of macroporous fluorescent SiC film.

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TAKAHASHI, Hideaki. "Electrolytic Coloring of Porous Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 62, no. 10 (1989): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.62.607.

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Kikuchi, Tatsuya, Daiki Nakajima, Osamu Nishinaga, Shungo Natsui, and Ryosuke o. Suzuki. "Porous anodic oxide films on aluminum and their nanofabrication." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 64, no. 10 (2014): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.64.476.

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43

Chan, Hsiang-Yu, Zhi-Hao Zhang, Mark Bachman, and Guann-Pyng Li. "Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Interposer: Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (2019): P18—P23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0061901jss.

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Gâlcă, Aurelian C., E. Stefan Kooij, Herbert Wormeester, Cora Salm, Victor Leca, Jan H. Rector, and Bene Poelsema. "Structural and optical characterization of porous anodic aluminum oxide." Journal of Applied Physics 94, no. 7 (October 2003): 4296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1604951.

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Vorobyova, A. I., E. A. Outkina, and A. A. Khodin. "Self-organized growth mechanism for porous aluminum anodic oxide." Russian Microelectronics 36, no. 6 (November 2007): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063739707060054.

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Guo, Dong-Lai, Li-Xia Fan, Feng-Hua Wang, Sheng-You Huang, and Xian-Wu Zou. "Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Bragg Stacks as Chemical Sensors." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112, no. 46 (October 29, 2008): 17952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp806926f.

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Huang, Yen-Chun, Ju-Cheng Hsiao, I.-Yun Liu, Liang-Wei Wang, Jung-Wei Liao, and Chih-Huang Lai. "Fabrication of FePt networks by porous anodic aluminum oxide." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (April 2012): 07B923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3689446.

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Hu, Ning-ning, Shi-rong Ge, and Liang Fang. "Tribological properties of nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide template." Journal of Central South University of Technology 18, no. 4 (July 10, 2011): 1004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0794-3.

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Qu, Xiaofei, Lixin Cao, and Fanglin Du. "Fabrication of ordered arrays of CNT/TiO2 nanotubes and their photocatalytic properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 27 (2015): 20976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17002d.

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YU, YUNDAN, HONGLIANG GE, GUOYING WEI, LI JIANG, and DONG ZHANG. "2024 ALUMINUM OXIDE FILMS PREPARED BY THE INNOVATIVE AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY OXIDATION TECHNOLOGY." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 12 (August 26, 2020): 2050020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x20500201.

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A kind of environment-friendly anodic oxidation technology was used to oxidize 2024 aluminum alloys from mixed acid solutions to effectively improve the anticorrosion and mechanical performances. The influences of anode oxidation method on surface morphology, microstructure, composition, electrochemistry parameter, anticorrosion property were studied. Aluminum alloy oxidation is actually a dynamic equilibrium process of the formation and dissolution of oxide film which is composed of porous and non-porous layer. With the treatment of anodic oxidation, [Formula: see text]-Al2O3 and [Formula: see text]-Al2O3 structures were obtained on the surface of aluminum alloys, which contributed directly to the increase of anticorrosion performance. The potassium dichromate solution was used to seal the surface of oxide films to further improve the anticorrosion property. The oxide films sealed with potassium dichromate were covered with leaf-like structures resulting in larger corrosion resistance that attributed directly to the decrease of corrosion current.

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