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Journal articles on the topic 'Porous European mix (PEM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Xie, Zhaoxing, and Junan Shen. "Performance of porous European mix (PEM) pavements added with crumb rubbers in dry process." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 17, no. 7 (2015): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1011783.

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2

Utsch, Nikolai, Florian Berg, Fabian Scheepers, et al. "Quantifying Sheet Resistance and in-Plane Electrical Resistivity of PEM Water Electrolyzer Components." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371756mtgabs.

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PEM water electrolysis is a promising technology for renewable hydrogen production. However, improving the performance and efficiency of PEM water electrolyzers requires a thorough understanding of the properties and behavior of their components. Here we present a robust and effective method for determining the sheet resistance of porous electrodes commonly used in technologies such as PEM water electrolyzers. For this, a new analysis method was developed that relies on industrial printed circuit boards, allowing resistance measurements at ten different length scales ranging from 250 µm to 250

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3

Praticò, Filippo Giammaria, Rosolino Vaiana, Marinella Giunta, Teresa Iuele, and Antonino Moro. "Recycling PEMs back to TLPAs: Is that Possible Notwithstanding RAP Variability?" Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.376.

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Porous European mixes, PEMs, are porous asphalts which when compacted have an air void content usually in excess of 20%. PEMs points of strength are reduction of splash and spray, mitigation of outdoor noise, optimization of skid resistance at high speeds in wet conditions. Conversely, PEMs have quite low bearing properties, clogging, variation of volumetrics over the time, variation of noise, texture, friction, and permeability performance over the time. Furthermore, at the end of their lifecycle many issues arise: RAP variability, uncertainties on the potential for high percentage recycling,

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4

Katzer, Jacek, Janusz Kobaka, and Tomasz Ponikiewski. "Influence of Crimped Steel Fibre on Properties of Concrete Based on an Aggregate Mix of Waste and Natural Aggregates." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081906.

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This research was inspired by the growing global shortage of natural aggregates. Different types of waste ceramics (apart from recycled concrete) are the most popular materials for the production of waste aggregates as possible substitutes for natural ones. The aim of this research was to analyse the efficiency of different aggregate mixes composed of waste and natural materials focusing on two waste ceramic aggregates, which were prepared concrete mixes based on specifically composed aggregates (blend of natural aggregate, porous and iron oxide-rich (red) waste ceramic aggregate, and dense, k

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5

Prokop, Martin, Miroslav Hala, Martin Vesely, et al. "The Impact of Catalyst Layer Fabrication Procedure on Layer Morphology, Transport Properties and Performance in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362013mtgabs.

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Hydrogen mobility represents a progressive, low carbon imprint option for the replacement of internal combustion engines. A core of this technology is low-temperature fuel cell with proton-exchange membrane (LTPEMFC), using hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen as fuel and oxidant, respectively. The membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) which makes up a cell consists of polymer electrolyte membrane, cathodic and anodic catalyst layers and carbon-based porous gas-diffusion layers. LTPEMFC require Pt catalyst on both the anode and the cathode in non-negligible total amount, increasing investing costs for

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6

Hnat, Jaromir, Karel Denk, Roman Kodým, Martin Paidar, and Karel Bouzek. "Characterisation of the Operational Parameters of the Laboratory-Scale Membrane Alkaline Water Electrolysis Stack." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 26 (2022): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01261227mtgabs.

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Alkaline water electrolysis utilising porous diaphragm type separator of the electrode compartments represents industrially well-established technology of hydrogen production. This is due to the durable and stable operation utilizing abundant materials as iron, nickel, or stainless steel. However, many of the designs, construction solutions and approaches originate in the historical demands on the process (like mentioned durability rather than flexibility) and do not reflect up to date demands. Current demands on water electrolysis are given by the expected connection of water electrolysis tec

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7

Lee, Ming Gin, Wen Cheng Wang, Yung Chih Wang, Yao Tung Hsieh, and Tuz Yuan Huang. "Preliminary Study of Fire Damage on Pervious Concrete with Silica Fume and Steel Fiber." Key Engineering Materials 880 (March 2021): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.880.155.

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Pervious concrete pavement is a porous urban surface. It could reduce runoff capacity, decrease a storm-water detention, reduce the amount of requiring rain drainage pipes, and let rainwater filter into ground and allow groundwater resources to renew in time. Fire damage, could be one of important factors since European countries have been used pervious concrete in buildings construction. This study was conducted to assess the fire damage on pervious concrete with silica fume and steel fiber. The test results find that pervious concrete with 10% silica fume and 2% steel fibers showed the maxim

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8

Bouzek, Karel, Martin Prokop, and Monika Drakselova. "Methodology of the PEM FC Gas Diffusion Layer Permeability Determination and Its Description Related to the Fuel Cell Flow Field Design." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 27 (2022): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01272402mtgabs.

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Hydrogen fuel cells represent an important part of the new energy scheme for low emission society. Development of the more efficient, durable and energy dense systems requires precise information on the numerous aspects, especially on the local distribution of physio-chemical quantities inside the fuel cells stacks. It is extremely difficult to obtain such information experimentally. Therefore, the mathematical modelling represents a feasible alternative. It offers an efficient and versatile way for the acquisition of required information. Accuracy of mathematical model, however, is primarily

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9

Della Bella, Roberta Karla Francesca, Alexander Gunnarson, Hannaneh Hosseini, et al. "Understanding the Increase in H₂/Air PEM Fuel Cell Performance of Pt Based Cathode Catalysts with the Tailored Pore Structure of Mesoporous Graphitic Spheres." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371746mtgabs.

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To reach its climate neutrality goal by 2050, the European Union has agreed on ceasing the sale of new petrol and diesel-driven vehicles by the end of 2035. Therefore, interest in carbon-neutral transport options, such as battery-electric vehicles (BEV) or fuel-cell-electric vehicles (FCEV) has tremendously increased. Especially for heavy-duty applications, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can be a viable solution, as they exhibit a higher gravimetric power density compared to BEVs.[1] However, cost and supply constraints of the catalyst active material, i.e. platinum, are still a

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10

Farras Costa, Pau, Praveen S. Kumar, Muhammad Sohail Riaz, Ariana Serban, and Xile Hu. "(Invited) Development of PGM-Free Electrolysers Operating in Low-Grade Water Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 38 (2025): 1926. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01381926mtgabs.

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Green hydrogen is gaining traction amid the global energy transition, but current production methods relying on fossil fuels are environmentally unfriendly. Water electrolysis using renewable energy is a promising alternative, yet the use of fresh water is unsustainable. Urgent development is needed to enable the use of low-grade water sources or seawater with minimal treatment.1 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, dominant in water electrolysis, use expensive and scarce materials like platinum and iridium. The Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is a bottleneck, requiring urgent develop

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11

Harzer, Carla Sophie, Franziska Carmen Hnyk, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Comparing Voltage Cycling–Induced Performance Losses of a Porous Carbon Supported Pt Catalyst Under H₂/N₂ and H₂/Air at Different Relative Humidities." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 41 (2024): 2635. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02412635mtgabs.

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Accelerated stress tests (ASTs) mimic the dynamic operation of a PEM fuel cell stack by inducing degradation in different parts of the system. Voltage cycling–based ASTs are performed to specifically induce degradation in the cathode catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). During voltage cycling, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the catalyst is reduced by Pt particle growth via Ostwald ripening and by loss of the Pt into the ionomer/membrane phase.[1] However, the degradation rate during such tests can be significantly affected by different voltage cycling AST conditio

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12

Buehre, Lena Viviane, Boris Bensmann, and Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach. "Exploring Reference Electrodes in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis: Analysis of Design Challenges and Review of Characterization Results for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 45 (2024): 3116. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02453116mtgabs.

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Clean hydrogen from renewable energy sources via proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) has great potential to decarbonize various sectors and integrate intermittent renewables into the energy mix (1). However, its large-scale deployment faces significant hurdles, mainly due to the high cost of materials like platinum and iridium used as electrocatalysts (2). Improving the characterization of catalyst layers in PEMWE helps to address this, as a better understanding of the efficiency and durability of the catalyst layers drives research advancements and facilitates cost-reduction

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13

Britton, Benjamin, Andrew M. Baker, and Santiago Rojas-Carbonell. "(Invited) Mechanical Properties in the Design of Hydrocarbon Catalyst Layers for Electrolyzer, Fuel Cell, and Other Electrochemical Applications with Pemion® and Aemion®." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 7 (2025): 759. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-017759mtgabs.

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Water electrolysis for the production of green hydrogen is a critical technology for the renewable energy transition, representing the most economic and scalable technology for multi-day energy and inter-regional energy storage, and in pure or in derivative forms is essential to the decarbonization of ammonia, steel, ‘heavy duty’ transportation such as commercial trucking, aviation, shipping, remote operations, the replacement of diesel generators, and other ‘difficult to abate’ sectors. Where practical, hydrogen fuel cells represent the most efficient use of hydrogen. Commercial electrochemic

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14

Hnyk, Franziska Carmen, Timon Lazaridis, Leonardo Isaias Astudillo, Markus Achim Schilling, Markus Ruben Pietsch, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "(Invited) The Impact ofin-Situ Activation of a C-Coated Catalyst on the Performance and Durability in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362018mtgabs.

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Zero-emission electricity production for stationary or mobile applications can be realized by PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), making it an important constituent for a renewable energy transition. Especially relevant in heavy-duty applications, a high power output at low current densities (related to a high mass activity, MA) under dry conditions is necessary to meet the efficiency targets.[1] In general, mass activity of a Pt/C catalyst can be negatively affected by ionomer poisoning, which describes the adsorption of ionomer endgroups onto the active Pt surface. This effect is especially pronounced

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15

zhaoxing, xie Junan shen. "Effect of Weathering on Rubberized Porous European Mixture." July 9, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.824767.

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This project investigated the effect of weathering (UV light, oxidative, and water) on the performance of rubberized porous European mix (PEM) by laboratory tests and field pavement investigation. Three rubberized PEM mixes were produced by three processes: the dry process, the wet process, and the terminal blend in the laboratory. For comparison purposes, PEM mixture containing styrenebutadiene- styrene (SBS)-modified binder was also used. Weathering for 1,000 and 3,000 h on compacted PEM mixes were conducted. Dynamic modulus, rutting/moisture resistance, and Cantabro loss were measured for e

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16

zhaoxing, xie junan shen. "Performance of porous European mix (PEM) pavements added with crumb rubbers in dry process." July 9, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.824751.

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Crumb rubber modifier, made from scrap tires, has been introduced into the production of different types of hot mix asphalt in either wet or dry process. To determine if the rubberised asphalt mix performs as well as polymer-modified asphalt cement (PMAC), test sections of rubberised and control PMAC porous European mix (PEM) in Georgia were examined through a visual inspection and laboratory testing. The results indicated that the performance of rubberised PEM pavements from visual inspection was almost equal to that of PMAC PEM (as the controls) with no rutting or cracking being found, excep

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17

zhaoxing, xie junan shen. "Fatigue Performance Evaluation of Rubberized Porous European Mixture by Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Model." July 9, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.824771.

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The study investigated the fatigue performance of rubberized porous European mix (PEM) and control PEM and the influence introducing methods of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the fatigue performance of PEM. Four PEM mixtures were used: rubberized PEM in dry process, rubberized PEM in wet process, rubberized PEM with terminal blend binder, and control styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified PEM. Dynamic modulus and direct tension fatigue tests were performed with an asphalt mixture performance tester system. The fatigue test data were analyzed by the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage th

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18

Feen, Owi Siew, Roslli Noor Mohamed, and Azman Mohamed. "FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE USING COARSE PALM OIL CLINKER." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 29 (March 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v29.15694.

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The utilisation of industrial waste from the palm oil industry offers benefit to the construction industry and environment. This paper presents the experimental investigation of the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLWC) using coarse palm oil clinker (POC). In this study, POC, a waste by-product of palm oil mill, was utilised at 100 % full replacement of coarse aggregates in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). Fresh properties of the concrete mix were determined through tests of slump flow, V-funnel, J-ring, L box and sieve segregation. Mean

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19

Pittarello, Elide. "Salvador Dalí, the Hybrid Portraits of the 1920s." Body of Art, no. 1 (December 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/va/2385-2720/2019/05/006.

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The life and artworks of Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) are closely interconnected and thoroughly documented. Returning to the hybrid portraits painted by the young artist in the 1920s gives us, on the one hand, the chance to recall a phase in his maturing process which, with few exceptions, is often undervalued by art historians and curators, especially those who are not Spanish. On the other, it can allow us to reaffirm Federico García Lorca’s crucial role in their conception and iconic execution between 1925 and 1927. After the influence of the painter Rafael Barradas from Uruguay, Dalí chose th

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20

Pittarello, Elide. "Salvador Dalí, i ritratti ibridi degli anni Venti." 28 | 2019, no. 1 (December 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/va/2385-2720/2019/01/006.

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The life and artworks of Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) are closely interconnected and thoroughly documented. Returning to the hybrid portraits painted by the young artist in the 1920s gives us, on the one hand, the chance to recall a phase in his maturing process which, with few exceptions, is often undervalued by art historians and curators, especially those who are not Spanish. On the other, it can allow us to reaffirm Federico García Lorca’s crucial role in their conception and iconic execution between 1925 and 1927. After the influence of the painter Rafael Barradas from Uruguay, Dalí chose th

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21

sprotocols. "Engineering of ultra-small diagnostic nanoprobes through oriented conjugation of single-domain antibodies and quantum dots." January 7, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799.

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Authors: Alyona Sukhanova, Klervi Even-Desrumeaux, Patrick Chames, Daniel Baty, Mikhail Artemyev, Vladimir Oleinikov & Igor Nabiev ### Abstract Nanoparticle-based biodetection commonly employs monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for targeting. Although several types of conjugates have been used for biomarker labeling, the large size of mAbs limits the number of ligands per nanoparticle, impedes their intratumoral distribution, and limits intracellular penetration. Furthermore, the conditions of mAb conjugation using conventional techniques provide nanoprobes with irregular orientation of mAbs on

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22

Rogers, Ian Keith. "Without a True North: Tactical Approaches to Self-Published Fiction." M/C Journal 20, no. 6 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1320.

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IntroductionOver three days in November 2017, 400 people gathered for a conference at the Sam’s Town Hotel and Gambling Hall in Las Vegas, Nevada. The majority of attendees were fiction authors but the conference program looked like no ordinary writer’s festival; there were no in-conversation interviews with celebrity authors, no panels on the politics of the book industry and no books launched or promoted. Instead, this was a gathering called 20Books2017, a self-publishing conference about the business of fiction ebooks and there was expertise in the room.Among those attending, 50 reportedly

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