Journal articles on the topic 'Port Alfred'

The Saguenay fjord contains ten port agglomerations, among which that of Port-Alfred-Bagotville is the most important. The port of Port-Alfred started to expand in earnest in 1929, when the Aluminum Company of Canada Limited decided to improve and enlarge its facilities to meet the needs of its new Arvida plant. Today some 2,500 ships call at Port-Alfred yearly and over 3,500,000 tons of cargo are handled annually over its wharves. Imports of industrial commodities, notably aluminum ore from Guiana, make up the greater part of its traffic. The hinterland includes some ten important industrial establishments, distributed among the main centres of the Saguenay - Lake St. John area. Among these, ALCAN is the most important. Port-Alfred plays an important role in this industrial complex. In spite of certain handicaps, traffic pertaining to the aluminum and newsprint industries assures the harbour of con-tinuing prosperity in the years to come. One may even hope that further develop-ments in the hinterland will contribute to future growth of port activity. Located half a mile northeast of Port-Alfred, Bagotville seems more like an appendix of its powerful neighbour than an autonomous port. Its facilities and traffic are quite limited. The main port traffic up until 1965, but now discontinued, consisted of the calls of the Canada Steamship Lines' passenger vessels during the summer season.

The Saguenay - Lake Saint-Jean region was only settled during the past one hundred years but now contains a population of approximately 260,000 (1961). This rapid growth of population is explained in great measure by an exceptionally high rate of natural increase. Much urbanisation bas recently occurred, particularly in the upper Saguenay area where the conurbation consisting of Chicoutimi, Jonquiere, Kénogami, Arvida, Bagotville and Port-Alfred now bas a population of over 110,000. The regional economy is based to a certain extent upon agriculture, with a specialisation in dairy farming. However, the principal emphasis is upon the aluminium and paper industries, which are supported by the great local hydro-electric power resources. The local economy is, however, dangerously subject to fluctuations of the international market.

Les villes de Chicoutimi, Jonquière-Kénogami, Arvida et Port-Alfred-Bagotville sont de plus en plus envisagées en tant qu'ensemble urbain et constituent ce qu'on appelle, depuis une douzaine d'années, la Conurbation du Saguenay. Sans être totalement contiguës, elles sont, en effet, suffisamment rapprochées pour entretenir entre elles des relations de complémentarité et chacune n'en demeure pas moins bien individualisée. Dans le présent article, cette individualité est démontrée par l'examen de leurs structures spatiales respectives, dont l'arrangement présente peu de points communs avec celles des quartiers d'une même ville ou des dépendances d'une « ville-centrale ». Quant à leur complémentarité, elle est exprimée au moyen d'un « taux de dépendance » dont le calcul s'effectue en s'inspirant du concept du « Minimum requirement », de Ullman et Dacey.

Purpose This scholarly work aims to investigate the business career of Alfred J. Kohlberg, an American importer of hand-embroidered handkerchiefs in 1922-1957. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses archival resources from the National Archives, the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, the Hoover Institution Archives, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Custom Courts records, Japanese Government records and other government documents. Findings Scholars have focused on how Kohlberg’s political activities paved the way for McCarthyism. The sources of his vast wealth have not received attention. Kohlberg parlayed a 1922 trip to Asia into a highly lucrative importing business specializing in Chinese napery. By 1930, he mostly imported hand-embroidered handkerchiefs for sale in upscale American department stores. He employed as many 12,000 people in his Shantou godown and contracted for the employment of at least 100,000 embroiderers and perhaps many hundreds of thousands more. Despite American Government policy and the wishes of other importers, Japanese occupation authority documents show that Kohlberg negotiated a bribe to keep the port open. This paper concludes that Kohlberg’s business reflected traditional Chinese business organization. While he stressed his patriotic activities during the Second World War, Kohlberg promoted his business interest over the national interest. Finally, the Chaoshan Region prospered by providing the modern world with traditional hand-produced goods. Research limitations/implications This work explains how the Chaoshan Region functioned in the global economy. It calls for a deeper examination of this entire industry in China and around the world. Originality/value This work uses documents from multiple archives, including Japan and the USA. It also includes declassified documents from the Federal Bureau Investigation. This work constitutes a template for international business history.

Abstract Roberts, M. J., Downey, N. J., and Sauer, W. H. 2012. The relative importance of shallow and deep shelf spawning habitats for the South African chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 563–571. It is well known that the spawning grounds of chokka squid Loligo reynaudii lie along the shallow inshore regions of South Africa's south coast. However, egg masses have been found in deeper water on the Agulhas Bank, and hydroacoustic targets deemed to be large aggregations of spawning squid have been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent, depth range, and importance of deep spawning. Trawl data collected during demersal research surveys between Port Nolloth on the west and Port Alfred on the south coast were examined for egg capsules. No spawning was found on the west coast. Data showed that chokka squid preferred the eastern Agulhas Bank for spawning. Spawning occurred not only inshore but also on the mid-shelf extending to depths of 270 m near the shelf edge. Squid egg biomass markedly decreased beyond 70 m, suggesting delineation between the inshore and offshore spawning grounds. Total egg biomass calculations for depths shallower and deeper than 70 m indicated the coastal area to be strongly favoured, i.e. 82 vs. 18%. These results contest the commonly accepted notion that L. reynaudii is an inshore spawner and redefine the spawning grounds to extend across the shelf.

Learning outcomes This case study provides students with the challenge of advising a small restaurant reeling under the impact of the Covid-19 crisis in South Africa. In the process, they must use their analytical skills combined with tools derived from value-based management theory to develop a revised business strategy for the owner. Case overview / synopsis Agility in any business in modern times is essential to survival – and this is particularly so for small, entrepreneurial enterprises that lack the history and resources to survive dramatic changes in the operating environment. A small restaurant in the coastal holiday village of Port Alfred, South Africa is managing to deliver a reasonable return for its owner, a former corporate financier from Johannesburg. The Covid-19 crisis requires a fundamental rethink of business strategy to ensure a future for the business. Complexity academic level This case study is ideal for a module in entrepreneurship for delegates in a diploma, undergraduate or postgraduate degree. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 3 Entrepreneurship.

Russian Army Headquarters and Maritime Fleet planned to build a sea and land fortress, and Major General Ivan Alfred McDonald developed a project on August 30, 1892. Near Naval Port and the Lake Tosmare Apparent Heir’s Grove and residential buildings with streets were built. Residential buildings were built in “New World” – land between Romny Railway and Grobin Highway. In Liepaja 1922 administrative border plan development was started to include the Lake Liepaja’s northern part into the urban territory. Low-rise residential buildings of Aspazija’s (former Apparent Heir’s) Grove were supplemented. Research issue – building structure and development of residential buildings of Libava Maritime fortress territory has been studied insufficiently. Novelty characteristics – low-rise residential buildings’ construction and street network of Apparent Heir’s Grove has been analysed. Research goal – analyse “New World” and low-rise residential building and planning of the Lake Tosmare surroundings till World War II. Principal research methods – planning and construction observation in nature, archive and cartographic material analysis. Brief description of research outcomes: fortress built on the Baltic Seacoast affected further development of the territory. Nowadays development of qualitative architectonic space without historical development analysis is impossible.

Summary This is the translation of the Mizar article containing readable Mizar proofs of some axiomatic geometry theorems formulated by the great Polish mathematician Alfred Tarski [8], and we hope to continue this work. The article is an extension and upgrading of the source code written by the first author with the help of miz3 tool; his primary goal was to use proof checkers to help teach rigorous axiomatic geometry in high school using Hilbert’s axioms. This is largely a Mizar port of Julien Narboux’s Coq pseudo-code [6]. We partially prove the theorem of [7] that Tarski’s (extremely weak!) plane geometry axioms imply Hilbert’s axioms. Specifically, we obtain Gupta’s amazing proof which implies Hilbert’s axiom I1 that two points determine a line. The primary Mizar coding was heavily influenced by [9] on axioms of incidence geometry. The original development was much improved using Mizar adjectives instead of predicates only, and to use this machinery in full extent, we have to construct some models of Tarski geometry. These are listed in the second section, together with appropriate registrations of clusters. Also models of Tarski’s geometry related to real planes were constructed.

Gelidium pristoides dominates the lower and mid-eulittoral zones of rocky shores in the eastern Cape, South Africa. A disproportionately high percentage of the plants is attached to barnacle and limpet shells, or restricted to rock crevices. Our experiments at Port Alfred indicate that this distribution is caused by grazing by the limpet Patella oculus and/or strength of attachment of the plants to the different substrata. Exclusion of limpets caused an approximately four-fold increase in the cover of G. pristoides on rock, and an increase from almost 0 to 80% cover on sterilised (dead) limpet shells. Measurements showed G. pristoides to be more than 50% more strongly attached to barnacle and limpet shells than to rock. The distribution of G. pristoides on the various substrata is largely determined by limpet grazing and possibly the different strengths of attachment to the different substrata. The upper distribution limit of G. pristoides is set by physical effects of emersion and was largely unaffected by limpet exclusion. Competition with other algae is important in setting the lower limit: in the sublittoral fringe, although limpet exclusion enhanced recruitment, juveniles were later displaced by articulated corallines, and adult transplants senesced because of encrusting coralline epiphytes.

AbstractThe poet, traveller, Arabist and campaigning anti-imperialist Wilfrid Blunt, who visited Gobineau in 1871, described him in his diary as follows: “Gobineau is a man of about 55, with grey hair and moustache, dark rather prominent eyes, sallow complexion, and tall figure with brisk almost jerky gait. In temperament he is nervous, energetic in manner, observant, but distrait, passing rapidly from thought to thought, a good talker but a bad listener. He is a savant, novelist, poet, sculptor, archaeologist, a man of taste, a man of the world”.1On December 16 1904, Marcel Proust wrote to an old friend from schooldays, “Me voici gobinien. Je ne pense qu’à lui”.2That old friend was Robert Dreyfus, the brother of the Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus, and, together with Proust, one of the leading campaigners for Alfred's release from Devil's Island. (Alfred was only fully exonerated in 1906.) Proust, of course, skilfully worked the scandals and passions of the Dreyfus Affair into his great sequence of novels,À la recherche du temps perdu. As for Robert, he was to publish his Souvenirs sur Marcel Proust in 1926. But he had also published an admiring monograph entitledLa vie et prophéties du Comte de Gobineauin 1909. All this may suggest that, though Count Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau (1816-82) was a racist, he may not have been a conventional one.

Résumé Dans le cadre de travaux sur le comportement des composés des butylétains dans les milieux côtiers froids, des échantillons d’eau, de matière particulaire en suspension et de seston (phyto- et zooplancton) ont été prélevés à huit (8) stations le long du fjord du Saguenay (Canada) et dans la baie des Ha! Ha! en mai 2001. Les concentrations en butylétains totaux (MBT + DBT + TBT) étaient significativement plus élevées en surface (26 à 206 ng Sn L-1) que dans les échantillons de fond (7 à 30 ng Sn L-1). Les niveaux trouvés à l’embouchure du fjord étaient deux fois plus élevés que ceux observés dans son axe principal et cinq fois plus élevés que ceux dans la baie des Ha! Ha! dont les concentrations variaient de 40 à 55 ng Sn L-1 avec les plus élevées à proximité de Port‑Alfred. Le tributylétain (TBT) est toujours le composé minoritaire, que ce soit dans les eaux de surface (de 1 à 5 %) ou dans la couche d’eau profonde (5 à 24 %). Le dibutylétain (DBT) domine dans les deux masses d’eau avec des proportions d’environ 85 % pour la surface et de 34 à 90 % au fond. Le monobutylétain (MBT) est présent dans toute la colonne d’eau avec des pourcentages fluctuant de 4 à 15 % dans les eaux de surface et de 2 à 46 % dans les eaux profondes. Les butylétains sont également présents dans tous les échantillons de seston. En surface, les concentrations des métabolites (DBT + MBT) sont plus élevées (25 à 59 ng Sn g-1) que celles du TBT (10 et 20 ng Sn g-1). Dans la couche de fond, le TBT est majoritaire dans le seston avec des concentrations similaires entre les stations d’environ 30 ng Sn g-1. Les facteurs de bioconcentration obtenus à partir des données du seston confirment que les niveaux de TBT dans l’eau sont suffisants pour induire une bioaccumulation par étape au sein de la chaîne alimentaire. Enfin, les concentrations en TBT dans la colonne d’eau semblent bien au-dessus du niveau susceptible de perturber l’écosystème en causant des effets chroniques sur la reproduction de plusieurs organismes ou en affaiblissant leurs systèmes immunitaires.

The 1890s was a decade of remarkable progress in Whanganui. The depression of the 1880s was over. The town became an important port and distribution centre with railway connections to Wellington and New Plymouth as well as wharves at Castlecliff and in town. Alexander Hatrick began his riverboat service on the river enabling tourists from all over the world to travel the "Rhine of New Zealand." The colonial town developed culturally. The Technical School of Design was established in 1892, the public museum opened a few years later and the library was extended. The local MP, John Ballance, was Premier until his death in 1893; his state funeral and that in 1898 of the Māori chief, Te Keepa Rangihiwinui, were defining moments in Whanganui's history. A 40-year building boom began, starting with the replacement of old town centre premises dating from the 1860s and earlier. In 1890 there were two architects in town, but only one with recognized qualifications: Alfred Atkins, FRIBA. Having been in practice with Frederick de Jersey Clere in the 1880s, Atkins' practice blossomed in the 1890s. He was architect to both the Education and Hospital Boards at a time of major commissions and advisor to the Borough Council. He designed the museum and a large warehouse and bond store for Sclanders of Nelson and organized the architectural competition for what is now known as The Royal Whanganui Opera House. This paper examines these and other buildings together with some "gentlemen's residences" as examples of the Victorian architecture which characterizes Whanganui today. During the 1890s the Borough Council continued to grapple with the problem of fires in town. The arguments raged over the merits of building in wood versus brick. This paper looks at the evolution of the Council's eventual designation in 1898 of a downtown "brick area" with bylaws requiring at least brick side walls on all new buildings. The era of building permits began and the erection of new brick walls heralded the end of the wooden shop. The brick buildings that followed changed the character of Whanganui's townscape.

AbstractAn interest in Danish legend first appears at the West Saxon court in the 890s when King Alfred traced his father's lineage to Scyld. Alfred traced his mother's ancestry through the Jutish kings of Wight to Goths and Geats, suggesting a motive for the particular view of the ethnic past we find in Beowulf, especially the friendship the poet constructs between a Geatish ætheling and a Danish monarch. A modification of Michael Lapidge's paleographical dating of the archetype of Beowulf (2000) indicates a West Saxon exemplar before c. 900, confirming the mature king's court as a plausible context for Beowulf's composition.

This paper focuses on the phonological poetic devices found in the poetry of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson. It investigates five patterns of phonological poetic devices. The study is based on randomly selected poems from each poet to obtain a representative sample of the particular poetic devices and tabulates the frequency their usage. The poetic devices under investigation are onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, alliteration, and rhyme. The paper quantitatively analyzes the occurrence of these phonological poetic devices in randomly selected poems from the works of the two poets to a clear picture of the sound patterns found in the poetry of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson.

This article addresses the challenge to professionalised practices of reading represented by the oeuvre of Alfred Starr Hamilton (1914–2005), with broader implications for the contested category of Outsider Writing. Drawing on the author's experience, three types of early life encounter with poetry are specified, guided to its objects by cultural and parental authority and later reaction against them: a fetish of the book and representations of the poet, oral pleasure, and the magic of the word as an illimitably productive and plastic material. These are linked to encounter with Hamilton's poetry, at once unrelentingly repetitive, and sponsored and structured by a small seedbank of magic words, occasioning the sudden florescence of beauty. To read Hamilton requires a feline practice of submitting to reverie while registering disturbance and aesthetic shock precisely.

Abstract Against the backdrop of Victorian celebrity culture, Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson conjure the literary trope of the magician in order to convey their poetic choices and to examine the relationship between the poet and his audience. Whereas Browning’s magician, “Pietro of Abano” of Dramatic Idyls (1880), is subversive, odd and persecuted, the Poet Laureate’s Merlin of the Idylls of the King (1859–1875) is acknowledged and well admired. This essay will explore Browning’s Pietro as a critical response to Tennyson’s Merlin, reflecting the complex personal relationship between the two poets, their stylistic differences and their dissimilar reception by their contemporaries.

The power of imperialism ascended during the Victorian age, when both the sense of nationalism and industrial revolution concurrently took place. Imperialism in its kind is the sense of domination of one group of people over another, or to a great point, it’s the domination of one country to other countries to confiscate its properties and belongings. Here in the poem written by Alfred Lord Tennyson, the poet tries to ironize the situation by showing and focusing on such an old king (may be the king of England), who has recently come back home from his travels and has complained about his “idleness.” This “idleness” for the king is equal to ceasing the kind of power, namely, if he does not move and battle, he has nothing for his country, and even he does not record a name for himself in the history of England. Thus the aim of the present paper is not only limitedto the relation between power and the sense of imperialism, a relation that leads to malicious and destructive behavior but it also condemns that kind of relation. However, it is done implicitly, as once the poet did in his poem, by showing the negative use of power in hands of some, like the king of England, who has done his best even at his death’s door to continue again and conquer wherever he sees that brings benefits to him. Not surprisingly; the poem also implies to the battle of Troy in the sense of imperial actions.

AbstractThis article examines the connections between Asser's Life of King Alfred and the tenthcentury Welsh poem Armes Prydein Vawr. It studies the use of the place-name Santwic ‘Sandwich’ in Armes Prydein, and presents evidence that this form derives from a written source. An investigation of the sources containing this place-name before the late tenth century raises the distinct possibility that Asser's Life was the source drawn upon by the Welsh poet. Examination of the context in which Sandwich occurs in Asser and Armes Prydein highlights striking similarities in usage, strengthening the argument for a connection between the two texts. Further correspondences between these works are noted before discussing the potential implications of this new finding for our understanding of Asser (and his reception) and Armes Prydein more generally.

In this article, is made an approximation from the Stylistics and the Comparative Literature of religious poems of the Mexican poet Alfredo R. Placencia (1875-1930) and the Spanish poet Blas de Otero (1916-1979). Through analysis, it is identified in his works the configuration of the human and the divine being and the way they enter into dialogue. The poems studied “La caña quebrada” (1924) and “Muerte en el mar” (1951) have as their common characteristic their apostrophic character, its means, that the verses are addressed to an interlocutor who, in all cases, will be an image divine, who by silence or absence, does not respond to the questioning of the poetic subject. The interpretation of the poems through Comparative Literature, after the stylistic analysis, allows to observe common features with a type of religious poetry characteristic of the Hispanic environment, as well as more universal aspects of religious poetic production in the first-half 20th century.

Henry Mansel, writing in 1863, was confident in his prediction that the current popular vogue for sensation novels was an ephemeral phase, soon to pass into a deserved oblivion. Yet by the end of a decade marked by extensive and frequently hysterical debates over the genre, the future Poet Laureate, Alfred Austin, was still bemoaning the ubiquity of sensation fiction: “the world may congratulate itself when the last sensational novel has been written and forgotten” (424). Mansel and Austin would doubtless have been astounded (and appalled) at the current status of mid-Victorian sensation fiction in the realm of academic scholarship. Far from being a long-forgotten, inconsequential moment in literary history, the sensation novels of authors such as Wilkie Collins, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Ellen Wood, and Ouida have prompted a plethora of critical studies, which have impacted on our wider understanding of the dynamics and influences of mid-Victorian literary and publishing practices.

The First Insouciant Spell "The First Insouciant Spell" is one of the key chapters from Joan Reardon's Poet of the Appetites: The Lives and Loves of M.F.K. Fisher in which the newly-married Mary Frances Kennedy sails from California with her husband Alfred Fisher to study in France. They enroll at the University of Dijon, where she learns the language and literature of the country and is initiated into the gastronomy of Burgundy, one of the famous wine-growing regions of France. Living in a pension in the midst of family celebrations and crises gave Fisher an intimate knowledge of the closed circle of French family life, and it supplied her with a cast of characters she would introduce into her books over the years. It was in Dijon also that she developed her special fondness for waiters, shopkeepers, and taxi drivers, and the experience inspired her earliest writings about food and wine.

This paper explores Rebecca Clarke’s Viola Sonata (1919) through the experience of a lesbian relationship—a relationship that extends from the Sonata as experienced by a violist and scholar, to Clarke herself as a performer and composer. Inspired by the work of Suzanne Cusick, I examine the musical elements of the Viola Sonata that invite and enable a lesbian relationship in the music. Such elements include existence outside the phallic economy, porous ego boundaries, and a fluid positioning within the power/pleasure/intimacy triad. A central theme of Clarke’s compositional style is embodiment, which furthers the potential for a lesbian experience of the Viola Sonata through “body-aware” and performer-centric techniques. The poetic inscription for the Sonata, lines from Alfred de Musset’s “La nuit de mai,” serves to further construct a musical narrative of embodiment through the relationship of Poet and Muse. Without claiming that Clarke was a lesbian, this paper sheds light on the Viola Sonata by considering the relationships between performer, composer, and listener in a lesbian musical analysis.

The article is devoted to the book of poems, “On the margins of ‘A Shropshire lad’” (2007) by Timur Kibirov. It is marginalia to the poetic cycle of Alfred Hausman “The Shropshire lad” (1896). The metatextual elements by which Kibirov indicates the connection of his texts with the poems of the English poet are considered. We identify such characteristics of the metatext as secondary to the main work and the expression of the author’s will, aimed at demonstrating the creative process to the reader. Timur Kibirov marks his own words and forms a common intertextual field at the intersection of Hausman’s work, his own poetry and literary tradition in general. Original poems and marginalia are compared. The emphasis is placed on the graphic level of the book of poems: headings, epigraphs, notes, the use of italics, as well as cases of changing the language code. In the development of his creative input – total intertextual interplay – Kibirov writes a commentary on each of the 63 Hausman poems. Thus, the reader sees the places of coincidence and divergence of the Russian and English texts. A conclusion is made about the originality of the markers of the dialogue between the poetic cycles of Hausman and Kibirov, and about the specificity of the secondary markers, which reinforce the author’s beginning of the book of poems “On the margins of ‘A Shropshire lad’”.

The Metres of Boethiusoffer a unique opportunity to study the complex subject of Old English verse syntax. They enjoy this distinction because of the unusual way in which they were composed. The versifier did not work directly from the original Latinmetraof Boethius'sConsolation of Philosophybut from an Old English prose intermediary, freely translated from the Latin originals. King Alfred was the author of the prose translation and was probably also responsible for turning the parts of the prose corresponding to the Latinmetrainto Old English verse. Since a copy of the prose model survives, it affords us an opportunity to compare the two versions in order to judge the versifier's debt to the prose. He apparently followed it quite faithfully and without referring back to the Latin originals. In many verse passages one can find words and half-lines which are direct transcriptions from the prose. Consequently the Old EnglishMetresare generally considered nothing more than prose expanded into verse, adding only ‘poetic’ embellishments (like repetition and variation) and obvious morals drawn from the passage. The fruit of the versifier's labours may be uninspired poetry, but the way that he rearranged the words of the prose offers a rare glimpse into the more elusive conventions of verse-making. Since the many similarities make the differences quite pronounced, the poetical shortcomings of theMetresmay be a blessing. A mediocre versifier is more likely to compose mechanically and to imitate established patterns than a good poet, whose virtuosity often conceals the rudiments of his craft.

Anaked woman stands before an artist seated in front of his easel, the elegance of his hat and frock coat, his little Vandyke beard somewhat anachronistic for 1914 (Figure 1). Light molds the back of the woman's body, outlining her outstretched right arm and her bent right leg, accenting her discarded dress draped over the seat of the chair. The shadows, the dark places of her body, echo the partial covering of the representation of nature that hangs like a sign on the screen on the wall behind her. All of the conventions of the artist's studio are here, from the black-and-white tiles to the linking of woman both with nature and pet; but this is a photograph, and it documents without irony certain institutions and practices - a form of representation — that dominated “art” photography at the turn of the century. The tradition upon which this photograph, The Artist and His Model (1914) by Richard Polack, draws, and the ideology to which it subscribes, has to do with notions of power. The light that idealizes, the gaze that possesses, are not always gentle, as Foucault suggests, but sometimes as penetrating as the surgeon's knife. The context for photographs like this one would include Eadweard Muybridge's studies of “the geometry of bodies” of 1887, a series of figures in motion called Animal Locomotion (Figure 2), as well as a whole range of representations of naked human bodies, from what Martha Banta calls the “soft porn” of Clarence White's and Alfred Stieglitz's “genteel ‘art photography’” to E. J. Bellocq's photographs of Storyville prostitutes to anatomical documentary studies for ethnographic, military, and medical purposes.

Deel 2: In de slagschaduw van Rodenbach (1897-1909)De periode 1897-1909 staat zowel voor Hugo Verriest als voor August Vermeylen in het teken van Albrecht Rodenbach. Aanleiding was biografische notitie die in het christendemocratische weekblad De Nieuwe Tijd van Verriest verschenen was (oktober 1897), en door Vermeylen overgenomen in Van Nu en Straks. Deze tekst consolideerde definitief de vriendschap tussen beide protagonisten van de Vlaamse beweging. De dood van dichter Guido Gezelle (27 november 1899) bracht hen nog dichter bij elkaar.Een klein meningsverschil omtrent het drama Starkadd van Alfred Hegenscheidt vormde geen hinderpaal. De activiteiten in de volgende jaren werden in klimmende mate gewaardeerd: de samenwerking in het nieuwe tijdschrift Vlaanderen (1903-1907) en hun gemeenschappelijk verzet tegen de Instructions van het Belgisch episcopaat (1906) met betrekking tot de taalregeling in het middelbaar en hoger onderwijs in Vlaanderen.Inmiddels was Verriest lid geworden van de Koninklijke Vlaamsche Academie voor Taal- en Letterkunde. Hij heeft daar herhaaldelijk in openbare toespraken gepleit voor de Vlaamse zaak. Naar aanleiding van 75 jaar België en de Wereldtentoonstelling in Luik in 1905 gaf Vermeylen aan de universiteit een belangrijke conferentie (in het Frans) over de betekenis van de Vlaamse letterkunde sedert 1830. Verriest kreeg daar een eminente plaats in toebedeeld.Toppunt van de samenwerking in deze tweede periode werd de Rodenbach-herdenking in Roeselare op 22 augustus 1909. Het enthousiasme van Vermeylen voor de jonge studentenleider was zo groot geworden dat hij het absoluut wou overdragen aan de vrijzinnige Brusselse studenten.________Part 2: In the shadow cast by Rodenbach (1897-1909)For both Hugo Verriest and August Vermeylen, the period of 1897-1909 was characterised by Albrecht Rodenbach. The reason was the biographical note that had appeared in Verriest’s Christian Democratic weekly De Nieuwe Tijd (The New Times) (October 1897), and which Vermeylen had reproduced in Van Nu en Straks (From now and later). This text definitively consolidated the friendship between the two protagonists of the Flemish Movement. The death of the poet Guido Gezelle (on 27 November 1899) brought them even closer together. A small difference of opinion about the tragedy Starkadd by Alfred Hegenscheidt did not constitute an obstacle. The activities in the following years received a growing appreciation: the collaboration in the new periodical Vlaanderen (Flanders) (1903-1907) and their joint opposition against the Instructions from the Belgian diocese (1906) in reference to the rules governing the use of languages in secondary and higher education in Flanders. Meanwhile Verriest had become a member of the Royal Flemish Academy for Language and Literature. He repeatedly advocated the Flemish cause there in public discourses. At the occasion of the 75 years of existence of Belgium and the World exhibition in Liège in 1905, Vermeylen gave an important conference (in French) at the university about the significance of Flemish literature since 1830. He assigned a key role to Verriest in this conference. The pinnacle of their collaboration during this second period was to be the Rodenbach memorial service in Roeselare on 22 August 1909. Vermeylen’s enthusiasm for the young student leader had grown so much, that he was determined to transfer it to the liberal Brussels’ students.

The archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann once met, in London, the poet Alfred Tennyson – who, though he saluted Mount Ida tenderly, never travelled much south of the Dolomites. In the course of conversation, Schliemann remarked: ‘Hissarlik, the ancient Troy, is no bigger than the courtyard of Burlington House’. ‘I can never believe that’, Tennyson replied. Most of us, I dare say, would understand Tennyson's disbelief – and agree, accordingly, with the sentiment that Troy the site is not a marvellous ‘visitor experience’. The location may be broadly evocative – for those imaginatively predisposed to survey a landscape of epic combat. Yet the excavated remains are rather underwhelming, and difficult to comprehend. The huge trench cut through the Bronze Age settlement by Schliemann, and the resultant spoil heap left on the northern edge of the citadel, certainly contribute to a sense of confusion. But that aside, the multiple layers of habitation, from c.3000 bc until Byzantine times, customarily represented like a pile of pancakes in archaeological diagrams, will test even those pilgrims arriving with some expertise in ancient construction methods. Choice finds from the city are lodged in remote museums; and the substantial extent of Troy in Hellenistic, Roman, and possibly earlier times, indicated mainly by geophysical prospection, is hardly discernible. So archaeologists, post-Schliemann, have to work hard to make the ‘Trojan stones speak’ – at least if they also wish to avoid the charge of being obsessed (as Schliemann notoriously was) with establishing some kind of historical reality for Homer's epic. The late Manfred Korfmann, director of the international excavations at Troy since 1988, produced an enthusiastic guidebook. Now his colleague C. B. Rose has made a one-volume synthesis of the results so far, The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Troy. This will be particularly welcome for students unable or unwilling to access the annual excavation journal, Studia Troica. But novices, I fear, may soon despair of grasping the phases of stratification and ceramic assemblage more often cited by the author than explained (e.g. ‘LH III2a/VIh’). And any reader seeking new answers for old questions about the site's relationship to ‘the Trojan War’ should prepare for disappointment. Much of the evidence for Troy in the late Bronze Age – the period of c.1250 bc, generally reckoned to correlate with events transformed into epic – remains elusive: where, for example, are graves comparable to those of Mycenae? On the other hand, the lesson of the multi-period approach is that Troy the historical city largely constructs its identity upon Troy the mythical citadel – as does the Troad region. So Rose does well to devote an entire chapter to the remarkable archaic sarcophagus recovered in 1994 from a tumulus in the Granicus valley, with scenes of the sacrifice of Polyxena, Hecuba's attendant distress, and some kind of celebration. The iconography here may not be easy to relate to the gender of the deceased (a middle-aged man, according to osteological analysis). Yet it makes a visual statement about the sort of mythical bloodline to be claimed in the region: and, in due time (for Rose's survey is chronological), we will see the epigraphic and monumental evidence for similar ancestral claims by members of the Julio-Claudian clan.

A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. References Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). 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An intense cut-off low weather system, more commonly known regionally as a ‘black southeaster’, caused severe flooding in Port Alfred and the surrounding coastal areas from 17 to 23 October 2012. Unconfirmed reports of up to 700 mm of rainfall for the period were recorded. Damage caused by the flooding was estimated at R500 million. Eight deaths were recorded. The poorly maintained and ageing infrastructure and storm water systems could not withstand the floodwaters, and as a result, damage was worse than it should have been. Many houses, particularly in the surrounding townships and informal settlements, were destroyed. Disease threats arose, including cholera, diarrhoea and influenza. The South African Weather Service issued weather warnings of severe local flooding in the coastal areas of the Eastern Cape a few days before the flood event. Unfortunately, there was a delay in communicating the severe weather warning effectively to the public, relevant authorities and role-players by local disaster management officials. In addition, there was poor and ineffective local coordination of disaster response and relief efforts. This paper examines the 2012 flood event from both meteorological and disaster management perspectives, using a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. Findings point to a critical lack of coordination amongst the various role-players before, during and after the disaster. Recommendations for improved proactive and coordinated disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction for the region are made.Keywords: Port Alfred; cut-off lows; floods; disaster management; disaster risk reduction; early warning

Dr Himson Tamur Mulas was born on the Gazelle Peninsula of East New Britain, New Guinea, on 13 March 1934. After finishing his schooling, he was selected to go to Fiji to undertake a medical course at Fiji Central Medical School in 1953, returning to New Guinea in 1958. He successfully completed residency posts and after a period of training in anaesthesia in Port Moresby, was sent to the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, in 1966–1967 to further his anaesthetic career. After returning to New Guinea he undertook several administrative posts as well as continuing his anaesthetic career before settling at Nonga Hospital in Rabaul, East New Britain Province. He was first registered as a specialist anaesthetist in 1972. He went on to complete a Diploma in Public Health in New Zealand in 1974, and in 1976 completed a Diploma in Tropical Health and Hygiene at the University of Sydney. He left public hospital anaesthetic practice in 1980. He is recognised as the first New Guinean to be a specialist anaesthetist. He died on 28 July 2000 aged 66 years.

Russian Army Headquarters and Maritime Fleet planned to build a sea and land fortress, and Major General Ivan Alfred McDonald developed a project on August 30, 1892. Near Naval Port and the Lake Tosmare Apparent Heir’s Grove and residential buildings with streets were built. Residential buildings were built in “New World” – land between Romny Railway and Grobin Highway. In Liepaja 1922 administrative border plan development was started to include the Lake Liepaja’s northern part into the urban territory. Low-rise residential buildings of Aspazija’s (former Apparent Heir’s) Grove were supplemented. Research issue – building structure and development of residential buildings of Libava Maritime fortress territory has been studied insufficiently. Novelty characteristics – low-rise residential buildings’ construction and street network of Apparent Heir’s Grove has been analysed. Research goal – analyse “New World” and low-rise residential building and planning of the Lake Tosmare surroundings till World War II. Principal research methods – planning and construction observation in nature, archive and cartographic material analysis. Brief description of research outcomes: fortress built on the Baltic Seacoast affected further development of the territory. Nowadays development of qualitative architectonic space without historical development analysis is impossible.