Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Port Shepstone'

A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Communication Science, University of Zululand, 2003.
In this study I looked at the attitudes of matriculants towards isiZulu as school subject. The study was conducted in six schools in the Scottburgh and Sayidi area. isiZulu is one of the eleven official languages and was compared to other languages offered in schools. The Language policy needs to be improved in order to cater for the development of indigenous languages. The Questionnaire survey used as the research instrument in this study, and discussions with educators in this study, which enabled the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of attitudes of pupils towards isiZulu as a school subject. .Furthermore, the findings of the study indicated that libraries are often not well equipped with reading material in isiZulu, that at Times educators which are not properly qualified for the purpose teach isiZulu, and that the subject content often do not reflect the relevancy of everyday life. It was recommended that these aspects be addressed and more importantly, that the Language policy needs to be improved in order to cater for the development of indigenous languages.

Includes bibliographical references.
This study was carried out between March and November 2002 at Port Shepstone Regional Hospital, KwaZulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. In early 2002, the KZN Provincial Department of Health (DOH) requested that physicians at state hospitals complete an AIDS Anonymous Report Form (AARF) for all patients testing HIV postive. This form aimed to allow monitoring of the demographic profile and AIDS-indicator diseases of patients throughout the province.

Les conflits environnementaux sont un outil à la fois conceptuel et méthodologique d'étude des acteurs et des territoires. Ils révèlent des réalités problématiques dépassant le simple champ environnemental, analysées à travers le double prisme des héritages (de la colonisation et de l'apartheid) et du processus de démocratisation post-apartheid. Les attitudes des acteurs par rapport à l'environnement masquent parfois d'autres motivations. Les cas de Port Shepstone, et surtout de Richards Bay, deux petites villes industrielles, illustrent des conflits d'usages entre les territoires des industriels, de la municipalité, et les lieux de vie et de récréation des riverains défendus par quelques environnementalistes parfois extrémistes. Les cas de Kosi Bay et de St Lucia, mettent en perspective la compétition entre les territoires d'un parc national (Greater St Lucia Wetland Park) reconnu Patrimoine Mondial de l'Humanité, de plusieurs municipalités, d'autorités tribales et de groupes de résidents, Blancs ou Noirs, aux diverses stratégies de vie ou de survie. Outil méthodologique, les conflits environnementaux permettent d'affiner des typologies d'acteurs par rapport à l'environnement et au territoire. Outil conceptuel, ils revisitent les principes de gouvernance, de décentralisation et de développement durable à travers l'étude des jeux politiques, des rivalités entre niveaux national et local, de l'influence des réseaux, de la participation citoyenne et des dynamiques socio-économiques de « profit versus solidarité ».

The aim of this investigation was threefold : to determine origins and perceptions of the street child problem nationally and internationally ; to explore the way in which children experience life in the streets ; and to devise strategies to enable these children to develop optimally. Literature indicates that the street child phenomenon is a global issue that presents many challenges. It is a socio-educational problem precipitated by multi-factorial events in the home, community and by children's personality attributes. Street children experience rejection, suffering, shame and anxiety. Deprivation of an environment conducive to positive development leads to maladjustment, anti-social behaviour and marginalisation. The empirical research was undertaken by means of semi-structured interviews conducted among fourteen children of the Khayalethu shelter and by administering questionnaires in the community of Port Shepstone. The findings culminate in recommendations for suitable assistance programmes and strategies to handle the problem in South Africa.
Educational Studies
M.Ed.(Socio-Education)

This study explores the utilisation of the identification parade as a technique for the identification of suspects. The intention of the study is to empower the investigators with knowledge they can use during their investigations. An identification parade is the most common police identification procedure. When conducted properly, it is considered more accurate than other methods. Crime in South Africa is a serious concern and it impacts negatively on many lives. The fear of crime, the loss of life and the socioeconomic impact of crime, etc., create the impression that the battle against crime has been lost. The limited knowledge among the police investigators contributes to making the reduction of crime more difficult to achieve. This study aims to develop good practice by recommending new ideas on how identification parades should be conducted with the view to enhancing the performance of police investigators.
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation))

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017.
Access to clean and adequate water is a universal and basic human right that feeds into the 6th of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This goal aims at ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Clean water is referred to as potable water, which is safe for human consumption and offer low risk of immediate or long term harm. Raw water undergoes rigorous processing which consists of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and storage, to produce potable water. Each module or stage consumes chemicals and energy resources and thus incurs costs. To achieve the aim of the study, which was to synthesize an optimised potable water treatment network and a water usage analysis model, the Umzinto Water Treatment Plant (UWTP) and its distribution system was used as the study area. This treatment plant is located within Umdoni, a local municipality of the Ugu District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. This study’s objectives were fourfold and the first objective was to identify and quantify key raw water quality parameters affecting treatment at the UWTP. The second objective was to design a genetic algorithm for the potable water treatment process control. The third objective was to evaluate the Umzinto Water Distribution System’s Non-Revenue Water (NRW) while the fourth objective was to develop a model for water usage analysis. For the first objective, data for water quality parameters for the water treatment from July 2006 to June 2013 were statistically analysed. This data were collected from the UWTP’s historical records. To improve the data’s integrity it was pre-processed using cubic hermite interpolation. After the pre-processing trend lines and box plots were used to determine the parameters’ significance compared to the standard values stipulated in the South African National Standard (SANS 241). The trend lines were used to analyse the frequency of observations that were higher than the standard values according to SANS 241. The box plots were used to determine the minimum, median, maximum and mean of the data sets. The mean values for each parameter were compared to the SANS 241 value to determine their significance. The raw water quality parameters were then correlated to the chemical dosages for lime, polymer, potassium permanganate and chlorine. The key parameters selected from the correlation analysis were algal count, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), Escherichia coli, total coliforms, colour, odour, conductivity, turbidity, suspended solids (SS), pH, temperature, total organic carbon (TOC,) and Hardness. A number of methods can be used to achieve such optimisation, including artificial neural networks, dynamic programming, linear and non-linear programming, and this study utilised a genetic algorithm as an optimisation tool to achieve the second objective of optimising water treatment at the UWTP. For the model development, data from the correlations obtained for objective 1 were used. The model was aimed at reducing the cost of chemical dosage and four chemical dosage prediction models were developed using genetic algorithms and these were then used to produce a combined chemical dosage cost prediction model. The programming interface utilised for these models was Matlab. In developing these models, the data were first pre-processed to remove outliers and fill in the blanks using a Microsoft Excel Add-in that was developed for this particular purpose. The next step involved a curve fitting exercise in Microsoft Excel 2013. Matlab was then used to code the genetic algorithm that combined and optimised the solutions obtained from the curve fittings. The results showed that genetic algorithms can be reliably used to predict the chemical dosages and hence reduce water treatment costs. After treatment, water is pumped into the distribution system for consumption. It is therefore important to ensure that all the pumped out treated water reaches the consumer. The third objective therefore assessed the NRW for the Umzinto Water Distribution System for the period between July 2013 and June 2014. The data used for this objective was provided by the Ugu District Municipality. The method used combined the top-down approach and the component-based approach. This combined approach was modified to enable the calculation of all the components that are required in a standard South African Water Balance. The results showed that the distribution system had a high value of NRW, which was 27.9% of the System Input Volume. The major component of NRW was Real Losses, that is, losses that can be mitigated by improving maintenance. The fourth objective was to develop a model for water usage analysis that would reduce the time taken to evaluate NRW and also improve the analysis of the NRW components using Microsoft Visual Basics 2012 and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 development interfaces. The Visual Basics enabled the development of a graphic user interface that was user-friendly and minimised the time taken to learn the software. The software platform developed was able to import the data required to construct a standard International Water Asssociation (IWA) Water Balance, calculate all the components of NRW, store historical data for the water distribution systems and report on a rolling year basis. A model for water usage analysis was developed and made available for usage by practitioners in Ugu District. The model was developed for the specific study area and further studies would be required in order to validate it in a different setting. The results obtained for the first objective led to the conclusion that, there was very high pollution emanating from communities and activities close to the raw water sources, especially the EJ Smith Dam. The results from the first objective were also used to determine parameters for the models developed in the second objective. From objective two it was concluded that genetic algorithms can be reliably used to predict chemical dosages and hence reduce water treatment costs. The third objective’s results showed that 27.9% of treated water pumped into the distribution system is NRW. Which is a concern because 65% of this are real losses which have maintenance related problems. The fourth objective’s results showed the practicality of designing model that could be used determine all the important components of NRW that would take time to evaluate manually. It would also store historical data for the water distribution system and report on a rolling year basis. Implementation of this software would help minimise the errors associated with manual calculation of NRW and improve the availability of data for research and analysis. From the research findings, it is recommended that the treatment plant should change the way it is dosing chemicals in the balancing tank. The method currently being used is prone to error. The analysis of NRW showed that Real Losses were a major challenge in the Umzinto Distribution System. There is need to develop a maintenance program to cater for leakage. Communities also need to be educated on the importance of reporting leakage in the network.
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After the death of their parents many youth resume full parental responsibility in taking care of their orphaned siblings. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and challenges of youth fostering their siblings and heading households in Port Shepstone. This study was guided by the ecological systems theory and used a qualitative research approach to undertake the study. A sample of ten participants was used with whom face to face interviews were conducted. The study revealed that the youth heading households resumed parental responsibilities at a young age. They shoulder new responsibilities such as domestic chores and child care duties. In addition, the youth heading households experience financial challenges due to lack of employment. As a result, the foster care grant was the only source of income which was not enough to meet all the needs of their siblings. The participants further indicated that they and their siblings are still dealing with the death of their parent(s). Both the participants and their siblings had never received counseling after the deaths of their parents. In addition, the participants revealed that they were experiencing challenges regarding disciplining their siblings who were presenting with behavioral problems. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the social workers spend more time on foster care placement (statutory work) rather than focusing on early prevention programmes. Lastly, the youth heading households wanted more social work support, as social workers rarely visited the youth headed households to check on the progress of the placements. To overcome all these challenges, I support the recommendation made by the Department of Social Development as it recently announced an intention to create a kinship grant (Jamieson et al., 2012). This will decrease the workload of social workers so that they can attend to other therapeutic services.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Architecture and political power have long been interrelated throughout history and weaved into the fabric of the built environment. Politics in the past was preoccupied with the expression of power; however, there has been a paradigm shift in favour of the expression of identity, particularly national identity. Local as well as international precedents reveal the extent to which past regimes have manipulated architecture and urban design in the service of politics. Exemplary to this is South Africa, a nation in transition emerging from Western colonization and more recently, the Apartheid regime. It is a country still haunted by ghosts of the past and the spatial organisation of the ‘Apartheid city’. However, South Africa post 1994 is not without examples of contemporary architecture which is a reflection of an “open democracy” in efforts to facilitate renewed interaction and hope in politics and civic architecture. Germany, also emerging from an unsavoury past has embraced the concept of democracy in its political systems and architecture. As a result, the built environment is a record of past together with the present thinking existing in unison, creating rich and meaningful places and spaces rooted in the history of place and time.
Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Heritage and culture are invaluable assets whereby human beings can define themselves. Through the careful preservation of past and heritage, people have a reference point in which to define their belonging; a lineage that traces their being. However, heritage and the elements that make up a place's identity are often not preserved. The question posed in this dissertation asks what becomes of a space when it's particular heritage and history falls into a state of decay? Why is it necessary to try to preserve the elements that define the very foundations of a place? Furthermore, it is asked what can be done, in terms of an architectural intervention, to rectify this issue. Architecture has a role far beyond the necessity of basic shelter. It defines a framework in which human activity occurs. It encompasses something greater than the functional and its vast impact on the physical, emotional and psychological aspects of its users should not be overlooked; especially when the architecture has a way of harking back to a past memory and time. This dissertation looks into an appropriate response to architectural design that merges the significance of the past, the inherent culture of a collective society, the defining characteristics of place, setting and climatic elements and built form that captures the essence in an architectural celebration. The research culminates in an analysis of a revival and rejuvenation approach to architecture in the local context of KwaZulu-Natal. Conclusions are drawn from the research carried out through conducting interviews, a review of literature and analysis of case studies and precedent studies. The outcome of this dissertation is a set of recommendations, principles and an understanding of the criteria necessary to inform the design of A Proposed New Museum in Port Shepstone. There is nothing better than that a man should rejoice in his own works, for that is his heritage - Ecclesiastes 3:22
Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2014.
Aim: A paucity of information on chiropractic patients presenting in public community clinics in South Africa (SA) exists. The purpose of this study was to carry out a demographic and disease survey of the patients that presented to the Marburg Haven Clinic, so to identify the patients that presented in a rural community outreach programme. Methods: A retrospective analysis on the patient files at Marburg Haven Clinic was completed in September 2012. Data recorded included demographic data, presenting complaints, patient history and management protocols. Results: Data of 117 patients were documented. Most patients were female (76.1%), with a mean age of 53.3 years. Indian patients (50.4%) presented most often, with a quarter of the patients unemployed (26.5%) or pensioners (21.4%). Of the employed patients, 26.5% had not specified the type of occupation and 9.4% were non-manual workers. Musculoskeletal complaints (21.2%) were the most common complaints at the Marburg Haven Clinic, with the primary diagnosis of sacroiliac syndrome (16.2%), followed by general myofascitis (22.4%). Common co-morbidities reported were hypertension, diabetes and asthma. Less than half the patient population had undergone previous surgeries and/or sought previous treatment from other medical practitioners. Sixteen patients were contra-indicated for manipulation. Common treatment protocols used were spinal manipulation, spinal mobilisation and stretching. Conclusion: This is a demographic and descriptive study of a public community outreach centre in South Africa. In relation to international studies, similarities were that the majority of the patients were female, anatomical sites of complaint (lumbar and cervical pain), common usage of radiographs, co-morbidities including cardiovascular and endocrine pathologies and manipulation were used as the treatment of choice. A prospective longitudinal study with more specific criteria for patient tracking and more defined data capture requirements is recommended to more accurately gather all data within similar settings.

The study sought to investigate challenges faced by school level women managers and the extent to which they coped with such challenges. To collect data the study used a triangulation of three instruments: interviewing, observation and document analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the barriers that retard women's progress in management include the endocentric bias and patriarchal nature of the society which 'make it difficult for women to be accepted as managers, the traditional stereotypical perceptions of women's abilities and attitudes towards women's family roles. The study concluded that although women education managers still face many barriers in their job, they are working hard to try and cope with them. As managers they are more inclined towards contemporary approaches to management such as participative engagement of those they lead. The researcher recommended that the following seemed to be possible strategies to address the challenges: induction programmes, mentoring, women networks as well as training programmes.
Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2017.
This study explored humanistic management philosophy in governance with specific reference to Port Shepstone minibus taxi industry, KwaZulu-Natal. The study arose from a concern that there is no governance model which addresses the challenges of small businesses. Informal businesses like minibus taxi industry are facing a phletora of challenges, namely fatal accidents, corruption and fraud, disregard of stakeholders, taxi wars, poor service delivery and failure by the government to formalise the sector. The study discusses humanistic management philosophy in governance using Ubuntu theory as the theoretical framework. The researcher adopted the mixed method methodology which is embedded in the post- positivist research paradigm. The post-positivist research paradigm explains the way things are and views objectivity as an ideal that can never be achieved, however research should be conducted with greater awareness of subjectivity. By combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies (Triangulation mixed method approach), it assisted the study to strike a balance and avoid being subjective on issues of humanistic management leadership, humanistic management strategy, humanistic management culture and humanistic management ethics. The research methods used in this study include questionnaires, interviews and observations. The findings from qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to come up with a generalisation. The findings of the study showed that there are limitations in the implementation of humanistic management philosophy for minibus taxi industry governance. Although the minibus taxi leaders were aware of their humanistic management leadership role and responsibilities, they were not applying them. The Minibus taxi industry leadership were applying non humanistic management leadership styles. Moreover, humanistic management strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation were not being done. Humanistic management ethics were found to be a challenge within the minibus taxi industry when governing their businesses. The study revealed that the minibus taxi industry was adopting a different culture from their community which affected their humanistic management culture and the reputation of the minibus taxi industry governance. This was not inline with the Ubuntu principles practised by the society in which the minibus taxi industry operated. Possible areas for future research were highlighted and recommendations were made, for example the researcher recommends minibus taxi operators should be educated on humanistic management philosophy in governance which makes their businesses legitimate in society’s view. Minibus taxi operators should be encouraged to use stakeholder approach in the humanistic management strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. Support and monitoring systems should be in place for proper implementation of code of conducts. Whistleblowers should be protected by the taxi associations and the police force. A humanistic management culture should be developed and implemented with the incorporation of community inputs. The taxi association should develop and enforce a human resource policy to safeguard the interests of the minibus taxi industry employees. The study identified a possible alternative model for the implementation of humanistic management philosophy in governance. The model can be applied to all informal and formal sectors.
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This study is necessitated by the emergence of the notions of a developmental approach towards the informal economy within urban governance. Using the case-study methodology to draw a comparative analysis between Msunduzi Local Municipality and Hibiscus Coast Municipality, the study highlights various key challenges facing the development of the informal economy in South Africa. The study reveals that there has been a slight shift towards a developmental approach, for instance, where some level of infrastructure investment and skills support has become a part of the intervention strategies for the informal economy. However, it is argued that local government lacks adequate institutional arrangements, and is characterized by an underdeveloped policy and legislative environment with regards to the development of the informal economy. These issues at the local government level are exacerbated by a lack of direction at the national level in terms of structuring the outcomes of policy, legislation and the institutional environments in addressing the dual objectives of poverty alleviation and economic development through the informal economy. At the local level, these factors have subsequently led to unstructured, uneven and uncoordinated interventions, which have collectively hampered the development of the informal economy. This has also been aggravated by the wider struggles of stakeholders such as urban elites, political interests and informal traders’ agencies at the local level, competing to influence urban development and policy for their preferential gains. Furthermore, the state continues to determinedly institutionalise global economic competitiveness between its cities and towns in the pursuit of reaching ‘world class’ standards. This leaves local governments ill-equipped to deal with the socio-economic issues and challenges of developing the growing informal economy as an unfunded mandate. Moreover, the political ambivalence at all levels of government is fundamentally limiting the creative assimilation of alternative urban configurations that meet and synthesize the diverse needs of both formal and informal economy actors in reimagining a hybrid economy. Finally, the study raises key recommendations around the need for a deeper democratization process which attempts to overcome the barriers to more deliberative policy making and implementation. This also includes the need for aligned national, provincial and local government policy and legislative frameworks for the development of the informal economy. These should outline clear implementation plans and mechanisms, and the coordination and integration of interventions between various stakeholders as a multi-disciplinary approach.
Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

During the 1990s, many low-income countries were committed to the United Nations Education for All (EFA) goals of ensuring universal access to primary education and learners’ completion of all primary grades (Gove & Wetterberg 2011:1). Since then some countries, including South Africa, have made impressive strides towards expanded access to schooling. Much of the progress has stemmed from additional inputs such as classrooms, educators, and textbooks and this has created the assumption that with sufficient inputs, learning will naturally flow. However, increases in enrollment rates alone have not always translated into high quality education or even basic learning. Additionally, South Africa’s unique politically burdened history has had profound effects on the education system. Due to its multifarious population and the amalgamation of various sectors, including education, the Department of Basic Education was and still is faced with the daunting challenge of providing quality education to its diverse citizens. This has resulted in the establishment of multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural schools. The corollary is that schools have become more inclusive. However, the ability of South Africa to educate its learners cannot be measured by access to schooling or enrollment rates alone, but rather by its ability to impart to learners the knowledge and skills necessary to function as literate and numerate members of the broader society. Within the context of EFA several international organisations began to conduct early grade reading assessments in many developing countries in Africa and Asia. These studies include SACMEQ, PIRLS and prePIRLS, EGRA, and ASER. The aim of these assessments is to facilitate the expansion of quality education by providing the necessary data to monitor educational quality, and by improving the research capacity and technical skills of educational planners. Within the context of major transitions throughout the world, the organisations mentioned above perspicaciously focused on countries that encounter major challenges in literacy. The extensive studies on reading and writing that were conducted by some of these organisations amplify the crisis in education and the plight of early grade learners. Nationally and internationally the situation appears to be relatively bleak, especially for L2 learners. Literacy, specifically reading literacy, forms the backbone of scholastic success at primary, secondary and tertiary levels and research consistently shows that learners who are good readers also tend to perform well academically (Pretorius & Machet 2004:129). Emanating from the above, this study focused on the factors that affect foundation phase English second language learners’ reading and writing skills. The study was conducted at five English medium primary schools in Port Shepstone. A literature study on second language acquisition and the factors that impact on the English second language learners’ reading and writing achievements was undertaken. Furthermore, the expansion of the English language, the significance of the primary language in second language acquisition, insights and issues focusing on bilingualism and multilingualism, theories on second language acquisition, reading and writing in the home language, and factors related to English second language learners’ reading and writing achievements were examined. A mixed-method research design was utilised. In order to obtain an in-depth perspective both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect data from foundation phase educators, and the parents of isiZulu-speaking foundation phase learners. Survey questionnaires, which were the main research instruments for gathering data, were distributed to the parents of isiZulu-speaking learners and the educators. Additionally, individual interviews were conducted with educators and reading and writing observations were also conducted. Quantitative data analysis was done by means of tables, frequencies, and graphs. Qualitative data was subjected to analysis by means of an eclectic approach. This study found that cultural, psychological, social, cognitive, school, and developmental factors do indeed affect the second language learners’ reading and writing skills. It was found that the learners’ home language background significantly affected their pronunciation of words in English, their ability to use phonics to read and write, and their ability to differentiate between male and female when writing sentences. Moreover, no specific model of acculturation was found to be apparent in this study. However, the processes of integration and separation did play a role in the learners’ acculturation. On the other hand, the processes of assimilation and maginalisation were not found amongst isiZulu-speaking learners. Two prominent psychological factors, anxiety and motivation, were apparent in this study. This study revealed that isiZulu-speaking learners do experience reading and writing anxiety but do not experience writing test anxiety. It was also found that isiZulu-speaking learners do enjoy reading in English and they demonstrate relatively positive attitudes towards reading. Their attitudes towards writing in English were somewhat varied. Although integrative motivation and instrumental motivation were seen to play a dual role in the learners’ experiences, the parents’ views were strongly influenced by instrumental motivation. IsiZulu-speaking learners have good social relationships with their peers. Educators affirmed that these learners interact relatively well with both their English-speaking peers and their isiZulu-speaking peers. The amiable relationships were also observed by the researcher during the classroom reading and writing observations. None of the isiZulu-speaking learners experienced social isolation or alienation at any of the five English medium schools. IsiZulu-speaking learners’ ability to speak and understand isiZulu is relatively good. However, their ability to read and write in isiZulu is generally poor. IsiZulu-speaking learners usually cope well with conversational skills in the English language. However, their ability to read English texts fluently with understanding and to write simple stories in English ranges from fair to poor. Generally, at the five schools similar approaches were used to teach reading and writing. The dominance of the phonic approach was observed during several reading lessons. In general, educators expressed their absolute dissatisfaction with the CAPS document and the CAPS English home language workbook. They were not content with the manner in which the phonics is structured in the CAPS workbook and document. Educators asserted that CAPS is too challenging for most isiZulu-speaking learners, too much of emphasis is placed on assessments, and due to the large learner/educator ratio educators experience frustration when teaching reading and writing. Educators emphasised the significance of Grade R attendance and the Grade R curriculum. Furthermore, they asserted that learners who enter Grade 1 at the age of five are not ready for formal schooling and they generally experience reading and writing difficulties. Moreover, this study reproduced those found in literature that showed that generally girls significantly outperform boys on reading and writing tasks. There were various reasons for the parents wanting their children to learn to read and write in English. Two of the prominent reasons advanced by the parents were: parents want their children to learn more than one language and learning English at school will help their children to continue their studies at colleges or universities. Overall, this study has demonstrated that the English language has significantly impacted on all aspects of the isiZulu-speaking foundation phase learners’ lives, and more especially has considerably influenced their reading and writing achievements at English medium schools.
Inclusive Education
D. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Health Sciences: Nursing, Duban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018.
Introduction: The shortage of skilled health professionals in public health care facilities is the main reason why compulsory community service was started by the South African government. The change in the disease pattern over the past two decades coupled with the mass exodus of health care professionals to overseas countries resulted in severe staff shortages especially in rural areas. Nursing community service practitioners (NCSPs) lack experience in dealing with complex clinical problems especially at primary health care level. They need experienced health professionals to offer clinical support to them. Aim of study: The aim of the study was to establish the degree of clinical support that is offered to NCSPs who are placed for compulsory community service within the Ugu district. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted using an exploratory­ descriptive design. Purposive sampling was utilized to select eight NCSPs from a regional hospital and a community health centre. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data was recorded verbatim for accurate analysis. Content analysis of data was employed where data was analyzed into meaningful themes. Results: The study revealed gaps in the clinical support offered to NCSPs. Lack of clinical support was reported more in the hospital than at the community health centre.·organizational problems such as lack of orientation, absence of in-service education and lack of proper rotation to different departments were some of the main concerns that were reported. Conclusion: Nursing community service practitioners need clinical support from experienced health professional to guide and teach them until they develop confidence.
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Submitted in partial fulfilment of a Masters Degree in the Department of Educational Planning and Administration at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2005.
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of School Management Teams (SMTs) on Learner Academic Performance (LAP). To achieve this, a literature review was conducted on relevant strategies that SMTs can adopt to enhance LAP. Furthermore, an empirical research project was launched to test the extent to which these strategies were or could be employed in local schools. The empirical study was conducted by means of a questionnaire-driven survey, administered in the Port Shepstone District. The study revealed that LAP is adversely affected in schools where learners are not part of the decision-making process and where they are not given immediate feedback after their assessment activities. In such cases, opportunities for improve performance were lost. Other key findings of the study suggest that: • Many STMs have not implemented staff development programmes. • Some SMTs have not involved parents in the formulation or implementation of LAP enhancement programmes. • Educators are not fully motivated to enhance LAP. • A general lack of communication between SMTs and the rest of the staff members compromises potential enhancement of LAP. • Some educators are not familiar with the vision of the school and consequently do not realise its goals. • LAP is negatively impacted in schools where there are indications of poor strategic planning. • A lack of non-management educator involvement in curriculum development also negatively impacts LAP. The above shortcomings were compared to recommended and best practices where suggested in research on LAP enhancement. The following suggestions were made in this regard: • The National Department of Education (NDoE) should provide resources for on-going capacity-building. • Parents should be involved in supporting the school to manage learners and learning activities effectively. • SMTs should capitalize on educator strengths, put in place educator development programmes to address areas of weakness and motivate educators to excel in teaching. • SMTs should create and maintain clear channels of communication. • SMTs and educators should develop a shared vision to enhance LAP and this should be communicated to all constituencies in the teaching and learning environment (including parents and the general community in which the school is embedded). • SMTs and educators should engage in strategic planning to enhance LAP. • SMTs should conduct staff training programmes on curriculum development. This study is deemed significant as it exposes, at grassroots level, problems experienced in enhancing LAP and makes practical recommendations on strategies to improve LAP. These recommendations are based on a review of both national and international literature and have precedents of successful implementation here and abroad.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Education (Management) at the Durban Institute of Technology, 2003.
This research investigates the induction of newly appointed educators at four selected rural secondary schools in the Port Shepstone Region KwaZulu-Natal during the period 2001 to 2003. This study explores the notion of induction as a means of allaying fear, insecurity and uncertainty and any sense of unfulfilled expectations that newly appointed educators experience. This study also intends to apprise education departments of the need to make induction a more effective professional experience for the benefit of newly appointed educators
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Much has been said about rationalization and redeployment in socio-economic and political circles in South Africa, with many of the associated problems inherited from the apartheid government. These problems included, but were not limited to, the following: lack of learner support materials (textbooks, desks), insufficient and overcrowded classrooms, libraries and laboratories and human resources (insufficient trained teachers, especially in mathematics and science in townships and rural schools of South Africa). These problems have proved detrimental to effective teaching and learning and have created almost impossible working conditions for the majority of teachers. In order to comply with the Constitution of the country and the culture of human rights, the achievement of equity in the education sector of South Africa became a central component of attempts to restructure education in post- apartheid South Africa. It remains one of the most pressing issues in the politics of educational reform. To address years of imbalance in education, a number of policies were created and implemented. One such policy was the rationalization and redeployment of teachers from advantaged schools to previously disadvantaged schools. This policy was the principal mechanism for achieving equity, both between and within provinces. The pupil- to teacher ratio is one of the key indices of unequal per capita expenditure in schools in different communities as well as an important determinant of quality in South African education. It is a good policy on paper, but the implementation thereof has not been easy. Many obstacles have been encountered in the process of implementation. These include: (i) lack of a comprehensive teacher database which clearly indicates the number of teachers to be redeployed, (ii) lack of clear and concise information for the general public - absence of effective channels of information distribution and communication, (iii) lack of motivation to co-operate for those who would be directly affected, (iv) lack of decentralised decision making- processes, (v) the financial constraints experienced by the provinces of South Africa during the process of implementation. Regardless of the support policies enjoy from authorities, many policies do not receive the support of the public, especially if they require unpopular action - a situation that applies to the redeployment of teachers in South Africa. The involvement in and acceptance of the policy by all stakeholders is crucial. Research instruments such as face-to-face interviews were used to gather the data presented in this research. Interviews were conducted to gain insight into the perceptions of teachers of the rationalization and redeployment policy in selected schools in the Port Shepstone/ Harding district. The research explored the contradictions and consequences that underpinned the rationalization and redeployment of teachers in KwaZulu- Natal.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

The preamble of the South African constitution clearly states. as one of its principles that it aims to:" lay foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people" Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996). The Department of Education, through the South African Schools Act No 84 of 1996 aim to instil the principles of democracy, equity, equality and transparency in schools, as it provide for a "uniform system for the organisation, governance and funding of schools" SASA (1996). The large responsibility of managing and governing schools is in the hands of schools with the help from the Department of Education. It is for this reason that this study aims to explore the role and effectiveness of School Governing body as it carries this amount of responsibility mentioned above. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and effectiveness of a School Governing Body of a rural high school in the KwaZulu Natal Department of Education and Culture. This investigation was done through interviews with the parent members of the School Governing Body to find out their perceptions of their roles and effectiveness in the SGB. Questionnaires were also administered to learner members, educator members of the SGB and the Staff Management Team of the school to evaluate their perceptions towards their roles, and roles of others in the SGB. The study also aimed to check on whether there are conflicting ideas amongst different member components of the SGB. The findings of this study have shown that there are differences in the understanding of roles to be played in the SGB. Learners, educators and SMT members feel that they play a positive role in the SGB whilst the parent members do not understand their roles, and this impact negatively on the effectiveness of the SGB. The study also showed that the low levels of literacy amongst parents disadvantage them in terms of their understanding of educational issues and how to perform required tasks, however good cooperation and understanding amongst member supplement the weaknesses of this SGB. The recommendations suggest the need for workshops and capacity development programmes to improve confidence amongst parents as well as to provide information to all SGB members.
Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

M.Sc. (Geology)
The Proterozoic Namaqua-Natal Mobile Belt of southern Africa represents a succession of high grade metamorphosed igneous and sedimentary rocks rimming the southern and western extents of the Kaapvaal craton. Different petrological processes associated with the onset of granulite facies metamorphism were investigated with the emphasis on the processes on anatexis and migmatitization and the influence of the fluid phase on these processes. The investigation took place in the Margate Terrane of the Southern Natal Metamorphic Province. The Umzimkulu and Louisiana Quarries near Port Shepstone formed the bulk of the field area for this investigation. The Umzimkulu and Louisiana quarries expose two s-type granitic lithologies, namely, the Glenmore Biotite Gneiss (GBGn) and the slightly younger, intrusive Margate Leucogranite (MLGn), both of which have been metamorphosed to granulite facies. Geothermobarometric calculations on the metamorphism of the Margate Terrane all indicate temperatures and pressures of peak metamorphism be 850oC+50oC at +6 kbar. The high grade metamorphic history of the lithologies is recorded by the formation of concordant, lens-shaped, prograde anatectic leucosomes. The leucosomes are concentrically surrounded by biotite selvage zones, followed by melanosomes, and lastly undisturbed host rock material. This investigation revealed that the formation of both the charnockite veins and the prograde leucosomes occurred through processes of anatexis. Field relations suggest that the charnockitic veins formed in situ, and were structurally controlled, which is evident from their linearity. Petrographic and geochemical data provide evidence for melt involvement. This is in strong contrast to theories of charnockite formation ascribed to subsolidus granulite formation by the flushing of host lithologies by a pervasive, carbonic fluid, as has been suggested to have occurred in Southern India. The so-called "incipient charnockites" of Southern India are both morphologically and geochemically similar to the charnockite veins described in the SNMP, suggesting that an anatectic origin may be common to both.