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Journal articles on the topic 'Portable photogrammetry'
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1
Filion, Alexandre, Ahmed Joubair, Antoine S. Tahan, and Ilian A. Bonev. "Robot calibration using a portable photogrammetry system." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 49 (February 2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2017.05.004.
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Menna, F., R. Battisti, E. Nocerino, and F. Remondino. "FROG: A PORTABLE UNDERWATER MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W1-2023 (May 25, 2023): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w1-2023-295-2023.
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Abstract. Browsing the scientific and professional literature it appears that the concept of mobile mapping underwater is not as common as in ‘terrestrial’ applications. Nevertheless, exploring and mapping the ocean’s depths is a priority challenge for humankind, today more than ever. Radio waves, such as the GNSS or UWB signal, have a very limited transmission underwater, resulting in the absence of an underwater global positioning system. Consequently, the main sounding methods (i.e., depth measuring systems) are based on the fusion of inertial and acoustic sensors, which allow for systematic mapping of vast seafloor areas. However, photogrammetric surveying methods are preferred when high resolution and reliable colour information are essential aspects in the project economy. This class of approaches include visual odometry and visual SLAM (vSLAM), which represent a valid tool for navigation and positioning in GNSS-denied environments, such as underwater. In this paper, we present a portable underwater mobile mapping system, named FROG, which implements a vSLAM based solution to guide the survey according to photogrammetric principles. FROG is built upon the Guided Photogrammetry - GuPho concept and, thanks to its modular design, can be used by a diver or installed on a micro ROV and controlled remotely from a support vessel. In the paper, FROG characteristics will be detailed, and its potentialities demonstrated in real case applications at sea and in lakes.
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Torresani, Alessandro, Fabio Menna, Roberto Battisti, and Fabio Remondino. "A V-SLAM Guided and Portable System for Photogrammetric Applications." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (2021): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122351.
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Mobile and handheld mapping systems are becoming widely used nowadays as fast and cost-effective data acquisition systems for 3D reconstruction purposes. While most of the research and commercial systems are based on active sensors, solutions employing only cameras and photogrammetry are attracting more and more interest due to their significantly minor costs, size and power consumption. In this work we propose an ARM-based, low-cost and lightweight stereo vision mobile mapping system based on a Visual Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (V-SLAM) algorithm. The prototype system, named GuPho (Guided Photogrammetric System), also integrates an in-house guidance system which enables optimized image acquisitions, robust management of the cameras and feedback on positioning and acquisition speed. The presented results show the effectiveness of the developed prototype in mapping large scenarios, enabling motion blur prevention, robust camera exposure control and achieving accurate 3D results.
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Zeng, Wei, Si Dong Zhong, Yuan Yao, and Zhen Feng Shao. "3D Model Reconstruction Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 2393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2393.
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Close-range photogrammetry is a technique of calculating the location, size and shape of measured object by photography whose object distance is generally not greater than 300 meters. Three-dimensional (3D) model reconstruction based on close-range photogrammetry has higher efficiency than that based on Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technique since acquiring texture data simultaneously. This technology reduces the consuming time of 3D model reconstruction, while ensuring high precision. In this paper, processes and key technologies of 3D model reconstruction based on portable close-range photogrammetry are provided, and it feasibility of the technology is verified via taking Taizhou TV Tower as an example.
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Dąbrowski, R., and A. Jenerowicz. "PORTABLE IMAGERY QUALITY ASSESSMENT TEST FIELD FOR UAV SENSORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 26, 2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-117-2015.
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Nowadays the imagery data acquired from UAV sensors are the main source of all data used in various remote sensing applications, photogrammetry projects and in imagery intelligence (IMINT) as well as in other tasks as decision support. Therefore quality assessment of such imagery is an important task. The research team from Military University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Geodesy Institute, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry has designed and prepared special test field- The Portable Imagery Quality Assessment Test Field (PIQuAT) that provides quality assessment in field conditions of images obtained with sensors mounted on UAVs. The PIQuAT consists of 6 individual segments, when combined allow for determine radiometric, spectral and spatial resolution of images acquired from UAVs. All segments of the PIQuAT can be used together in various configurations or independently. All elements of The Portable Imagery Quality Assessment Test Field were tested in laboratory conditions in terms of their radiometry and spectral reflectance characteristics.
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Bagnolo, V., and N. Paba. "UAV-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITE SURVEY AND 3D MODELING OF THE SARDUS PATER TEMPLE (ITALY)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-45-2019.
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Abstract. Despite the high standard guaranteed by 3D scanning technology, image based modeling establishes the most widely used technique for surface reconstruction, being a cheaper and more portable approach. The strong increase in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), is increasingly affirming and consolidating over the years. Being more cheap and portable than the active sensors approach, the combination of photogrammetry and drones is widely used for different applications both for large scale mapping and for documentation of architecture and archaeological heritage. UAV based photogrammetry allows for rapid accurate mapping and three-dimensional modelling. Over the last two decades, the study of archaeological sites have benefited from the constant evolution of sensor-based surveying techniques, finding effective application for purely visualization purposes or for the extraction of metric data. The Punic-Roman temple "Sardus Pater Babai" in southern Sardinia (Italy), has been the subject of a massive anastylosis. The close-range photogrammetry technique, exploiting the images produced by a UAV consumer and the GNSS system data, has allowed the creation of metrically correct 2D and 3D models useful also for an effective visualization of the information. A series of ortho-images has been extracted in order to represent plan, elevations and cross-sections of the monument.
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Thomas, Adrian Savari, Mohd Fahrul Hassan, Al Emran Ismail, Reazul Haq Abdul Haq, Ahmad Mubarak Tajul Arifin, and Md Fauzi Ahmad. "Portable Mini Turntable for Close-Range Photogrammetry: A Preliminary Study." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 607 (August 30, 2019): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/607/1/012011.
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Cabrelles, Miriam, José Luis Lerma, and Valentín Villaverde. "Macro Photogrammetry & Surface Features Extraction for Paleolithic Portable Art Documentation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196908.
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In this article, we propose a methodology for the archaeological documentation of limestone plaquettes decorated with faint paintings and fine engravings. The plaquette number 16330 is presented, belonging to the portable art collection in Cova del Parpalló (Gandía, Spain), one of the most important Paleolithic sites in the UNESCO’s Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula. Macro photogrammetry is used to generate a 3D model and basic treatments on raster images. The resulting 3D model has a spatial resolution of tens of microns and was used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) and orthorectified macro photographs for documenting the engravings and paintings. All stages of the workflow are detailed in-depth, specifying the data collection parameters and the configuration used in the subsequent processing with HyperCube and DStretch software. The resulting documentation is accurate, reproducible, and objective and allows the reinterpretation of the available graphic documentation started in the 1990s.
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Puerto, Pablo, Daniel Heißelmann, Simon Müller, and Alberto Mendikute. "Methodology to Evaluate the Performance of Portable Photogrammetry for Large-Volume Metrology." Metrology 2, no. 3 (2022): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metrology2030020.
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The increased relevance of large-volume metrology (LVM) in industrial applications entails certain challenges: measurements must be cost-efficient and the technologies must be easy to use while ensuring accuracy and reliability. Portable photogrammetry shows great potential to overcome such challenges, but industrial users do not yet rely on its accuracy for large scenarios (3 to 64 m), especially when mass-market cameras are not conceived of as industrial metrology instruments. Furthermore, the measurement results might also depend on the operator’s skills and knowledge of the key process variables. In this work, a methodology was designed so that the measurement uncertainty of portable photogrammetry can be evaluated under controlled conditions for LVM. To do so, PTB’s reference wall, which was designed to assess laser-based methods applied to large volumes, was used as a reference artefact to study the measurement performance under different conditions, enabling an analysis of the relative influence of two process variables: the spatial arrangement of the optical instruments on the scene, and the relative camera poses for an accurate triangulation. According to these variables, different measuring conditions were designed (Monte Carlo analysis), and experimentally evaluated and reported (LME, length measuring errors), analysing the performance figures expected from both unskilled and expert users.
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Maset, E., S. Cucchiaro, F. Cazorzi, F. Crosilla, A. Fusiello, and A. Beinat. "INVESTIGATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A HANDHELD MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT OUTDOOR SCENARIOS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-103-2021.
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Abstract. In recent years, portable Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) are emerging as valuable survey instruments for fast and efficient mapping of both internal and external environments. The aim of this work is to assess the performance of a commercial handheld MMS, Gexcel HERON Lite, in two different outdoor applications. The first is the mapping of a large building, which represents a standard use-case scenario of this technology. Through the second case study, that consists in the survey of a torrent reach, we investigate instead the applicability of the handheld MMS for natural environment monitoring, a field in which portable systems are not yet widely employed. Quantitative and qualitative assessment is presented, comparing the point clouds obtained from the HERON Lite system against reference models provided by traditional techniques (i.e., Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry).
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Chen, Yung-Chuan, and Yi-Hsing Tseng. "Advancement of close range photogrammetry with a portable panoramic image mapping system (PPIMS)." Photogrammetric Record 33, no. 162 (2018): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phor.12236.
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Previti, Giulia, Beatrice Luci, and Cristina Lemorini. "Micro-photogrammetry and traceology: new on-site documentation approaches using portable digital microscopes." Journal of Archaeological Science 168 (August 2024): 106004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2024.106004.
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Camison, L., M. Bykowski, W. W. Lee, et al. "Validation of the Vectra H1 portable three-dimensional photogrammetry system for facial imaging." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 47, no. 3 (2018): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.08.008.
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Verma, Ankit Kumar, and Mary Carol Bourke. "A method based on structure-from-motion photogrammetry to generate sub-millimetre-resolution digital elevation models for investigating rock breakdown features." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 1 (2019): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-45-2019.
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Abstract. We have generated sub-millimetre-resolution DEMs of weathered rock surfaces using SfM photogrammetry techniques. We apply a close-range method based on structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry in the field and use it to generate high-resolution topographic data for weathered boulders and bedrock. The method was pilot tested on extensively weathered Triassic Moenkopi sandstone outcrops near Meteor Crater in Arizona. Images were taken in the field using a consumer-grade DSLR camera and were processed in commercially available software to build dense point clouds. The point clouds were registered to a local 3-D coordinate system (x, y, z), which was developed using a specially designed triangle-coded control target and then exported as digital elevation models (DEMs). The accuracy of the DEMs was validated under controlled experimental conditions. A number of checkpoints were used to calculate errors. We also evaluated the effects of image and camera parameters on the accuracy of our DEMs. We report a horizontal error of 0.5 mm and vertical error of 0.3 mm in our experiments. Our approach provides a low-cost method for obtaining very high-resolution topographic data on weathered rock surfaces (area < 10 m2). The results from our case study confirm the efficacy of the method at this scale and show that the data acquisition equipment is sufficiently robust and portable. This is particularly important for field conditions in remote locations or steep terrain where portable and efficient methods are required.
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Menna, F., E. Nocerino, B. Chemisky, F. Remondino, and P. Drap. "ACCURATE SCALING AND LEVELLING IN UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY WITH A PRESSURE SENSOR." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-667-2021.
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Abstract. Photogrammetry needs known geometric elements to provide metric traceable measurements. These known elements can be a distance between two three-dimensional object points or two camera stations, or a combination of known coordinates and/or angles to solve the seven degrees of freedom that lead to rank deficiency of the normal-equation matrix. In this paper we present a novel approach for scaling and levelling to the local vertical direction an underwater photogrammetric survey. The developed methodology is based on a portable low-cost device designed and realized by the authors that uses depth measurements from a high resolution pressure sensor. The prototype consists of a data logger featuring a pressure sensor synchronized with a digital camera in its underwater pressure housing. The modular design, with optical communication and synchronization, provides great flexibility not requiring the camera housing to undergo any hardware modifications. The proposed methodology allows for a full 3D levelling transformation comprising two angles, a vertical translation and a scale factor and can work for surveying scenes extending horizontally, vertically or both. The paper presents the theoretical principles, an overview of the developed system together with preliminary calibration results. Tests in a lake and at sea are reported. An accuracy better than 1:5000 on the length measurement was achieved in calm water conditions.
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Maqueda García-Morales, Raúl, and Manuel Luque Cortina. "Paleocatálogo 3D: Photogrammetry for the realization of a high quality, accessible and free 3D Virtual Catalog." Virtual Archaeology Review 6, no. 13 (2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2015.4369.
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To develop quality tools for dissemination and outreach today is no longer a problem. The access to archaeological collections, to have at our disposal a repertoire of portable art, tools, etc. of European Prehistory, neither will be. In these lines we will see the project in which we combine technology, information and accessibility to that information, as a tool for the study and dissemination of prehistory for all educational levels.
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Khrustaleva, Irina, Andres Uueni, Mait Metspalu, and Aivar Kriiska. "A Birch Bark Tar Figurine from the Pulli Settlement Site in Estonia." Baltic Journal of Art History 28 (May 21, 2025): 9–30. https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2025.28.02.
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The oldest art objects in the Eastern Baltic region date back to theMesolithic period, while portable figurines are only known from thesecond half of the 7th millennium BC. These figurines, made of bone orantler, are rare. Our article focuses on a unique zoomorphic birch barktar figurine discovered at the Pulli settlement site (8950–8300 BC). Acomprehensive analysis was conducted, complementing previouslypublished chemical analyses. The methods included microscopicexamination of surface treatment traces, direct radiocarbon dating,3D scanning, photogrammetry, and computed tomography. Theresults indicate that the figurine’s shape was deliberately formedthrough intentional scraping or planing, particularly in the neck andhead areas. Preservatives used on the figurine penetrated throughdeep cracks, influencing the outcomes of chemical and radiocarbonanalyses. This artefact, probably representing a seal, has no knownanalogues among the hunter-fisher-gatherer art of the Mesolithicperiod (9000–6000/2800 BC) in the European forest zone. It is probablythe oldest portable figurine from the Eastern Baltic region.
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Casella, Elisa, Giovanni Scicchitano, and Alessio Rovere. "Accuracy and Precision of Shallow-Water Photogrammetry from the Sea Surface." Remote Sensing 16, no. 22 (2024): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16224321.
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Mapping shallow-water bathymetry and morphology represents a technical challenge. In fact, acoustic surveys are limited by water depths reachable by boat, and airborne surveys have high costs. Photogrammetric approaches (either via drone or from the sea surface) have opened up the possibility to perform shallow-water surveys easily and at accessible costs. This work presents a simple, low-cost, and highly portable platform that allows gathering sequential photos and echosounder depth values of shallow-water sites (up to 5 m depth). The photos are then analysed in conjunction with photogrammetric techniques to obtain digital bathymetric models and orthomosaics of the seafloor. The workflow was tested on four repeated surveys of the same area in the Western Mediterranean and allowed obtaining digital bathymetric models with centimetric average accuracy and precision and root mean square errors within a few decimetres. The platform presented in this work can be employed to obtain first-order bathymetric products, enabling the contextual establishment of the depth accuracy of the final products.
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Sheshtar, Fatemah M., Wajd M. Alhatlani, Michael Moulden, and Jong Hyuk Kim. "Comparative Analysis of LiDAR and Photogrammetry for 3D Crime Scene Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031085.
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Accurate and fast 3D mapping of crime scenes is crucial in law enforcement, and first responders often need to document scenes in detail under challenging conditions and within a limited time. Traditional methods often fail to capture the details required to understand these scenes comprehensively. This study investigates the effectiveness of recent mobile phone-based mapping technologies equipped with a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor. The performance of LiDAR and pure photogrammetry is evaluated under different illumination (day and night) and scanning conditions (slow and fast scanning) in a mock-up crime scene. The results reveal that the mapping using an iPhone LIDAR in daylight conditions with 5 min of fast scanning shows the best results, yielding 0.1084 m of error. Also, the cloud-to-cloud distance showed that 90% of the point clouds exhibited under 0.1224 m of error, demonstrating the utility of these tools for rapid and portable scanning in crime scenes.
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Giacomini, Giada, Dino Scaravelli, Anthony Herrel, et al. "3D Photogrammetry of Bat Skulls: Perspectives for Macro-evolutionary Analyses." Evolutionary Biology 46, no. 3 (2019): 249–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13470195.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photogrammetry (PH) is relatively cheap, easy to use, flexible and portable but its power and limitations have not been fully explored for studies of small animals. Here we assessed the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of 3D digital models of bat skulls by evaluating its potential for evolutionary morphology studies at interspecific (19 species) level. Its reliability was assessed against the performance of micro CT scan (µCT) and laser scan techniques (LS). We used 3D geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to quantify the amount of size and shape variation due to the scanning technique and assess the strength of the biological signal in relation to both the technique error and phylogenetic uncertainty. We found only minor variation among techniques. Levels of random error (repeatability and procrustes variance) were similar in all techniques and no systematic error was observed (as evidenced from principal component analysis). Similar levels of phylogenetic signal, allometries and correlations with ecological variables (frequency of maximum energy and bite force) were detected among techniques. Phylogenetic uncertainty interacted with technique error but without affecting the biological conclusions driven by the evolutionary analyses. Our study confirms the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of challenging specimens. These results encourage the use of PH as a reliable and highly accessible tool for the study of macro evolutionary processes of small mammals.
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Giacomini, Giada, Dino Scaravelli, Anthony Herrel, et al. "3D Photogrammetry of Bat Skulls: Perspectives for Macro-evolutionary Analyses." Evolutionary Biology 46, no. 3 (2019): 249–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13470195.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photogrammetry (PH) is relatively cheap, easy to use, flexible and portable but its power and limitations have not been fully explored for studies of small animals. Here we assessed the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of 3D digital models of bat skulls by evaluating its potential for evolutionary morphology studies at interspecific (19 species) level. Its reliability was assessed against the performance of micro CT scan (µCT) and laser scan techniques (LS). We used 3D geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to quantify the amount of size and shape variation due to the scanning technique and assess the strength of the biological signal in relation to both the technique error and phylogenetic uncertainty. We found only minor variation among techniques. Levels of random error (repeatability and procrustes variance) were similar in all techniques and no systematic error was observed (as evidenced from principal component analysis). Similar levels of phylogenetic signal, allometries and correlations with ecological variables (frequency of maximum energy and bite force) were detected among techniques. Phylogenetic uncertainty interacted with technique error but without affecting the biological conclusions driven by the evolutionary analyses. Our study confirms the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of challenging specimens. These results encourage the use of PH as a reliable and highly accessible tool for the study of macro evolutionary processes of small mammals.
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Giacomini, Giada, Dino Scaravelli, Anthony Herrel, et al. "3D Photogrammetry of Bat Skulls: Perspectives for Macro-evolutionary Analyses." Evolutionary Biology 46, no. 3 (2019): 249–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13470195.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photogrammetry (PH) is relatively cheap, easy to use, flexible and portable but its power and limitations have not been fully explored for studies of small animals. Here we assessed the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of 3D digital models of bat skulls by evaluating its potential for evolutionary morphology studies at interspecific (19 species) level. Its reliability was assessed against the performance of micro CT scan (µCT) and laser scan techniques (LS). We used 3D geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to quantify the amount of size and shape variation due to the scanning technique and assess the strength of the biological signal in relation to both the technique error and phylogenetic uncertainty. We found only minor variation among techniques. Levels of random error (repeatability and procrustes variance) were similar in all techniques and no systematic error was observed (as evidenced from principal component analysis). Similar levels of phylogenetic signal, allometries and correlations with ecological variables (frequency of maximum energy and bite force) were detected among techniques. Phylogenetic uncertainty interacted with technique error but without affecting the biological conclusions driven by the evolutionary analyses. Our study confirms the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of challenging specimens. These results encourage the use of PH as a reliable and highly accessible tool for the study of macro evolutionary processes of small mammals.
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Giacomini, Giada, Dino Scaravelli, Anthony Herrel, et al. "3D Photogrammetry of Bat Skulls: Perspectives for Macro-evolutionary Analyses." Evolutionary Biology 46, no. 3 (2019): 249–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13470195.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photogrammetry (PH) is relatively cheap, easy to use, flexible and portable but its power and limitations have not been fully explored for studies of small animals. Here we assessed the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of 3D digital models of bat skulls by evaluating its potential for evolutionary morphology studies at interspecific (19 species) level. Its reliability was assessed against the performance of micro CT scan (µCT) and laser scan techniques (LS). We used 3D geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to quantify the amount of size and shape variation due to the scanning technique and assess the strength of the biological signal in relation to both the technique error and phylogenetic uncertainty. We found only minor variation among techniques. Levels of random error (repeatability and procrustes variance) were similar in all techniques and no systematic error was observed (as evidenced from principal component analysis). Similar levels of phylogenetic signal, allometries and correlations with ecological variables (frequency of maximum energy and bite force) were detected among techniques. Phylogenetic uncertainty interacted with technique error but without affecting the biological conclusions driven by the evolutionary analyses. Our study confirms the accuracy of PH for the reconstruction of challenging specimens. These results encourage the use of PH as a reliable and highly accessible tool for the study of macro evolutionary processes of small mammals.
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Sammartano, G., A. Spanò, and L. Teppati Losè. "A FUSION-BASED WORKFLOW FOR TURNING SLAM POINT CLOUDS AND FISHEYE DATA INTO TEXTURE-ENHANCED 3D MODELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-295-2019.
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Abstract. Mobile mapping systems are increasingly developing ad hoc solution and integrated approaches for rapid and accurate 3D digitization in different operating environments belonging to built heritage assets. The use of emerging compact, portable and low-cost solution for imaging and ranging well fits in the purposes of mapping complex indoor spaces especially for narrow and underground ones (tunnels, mines, caves and ancient spaces), that are very challenging contexts in which to experiment integrated technological solutions and tailored workflows. In these cases, the main key issues are generally the difficulty in the seamless positioning and the complete and successful metric-radiometric content association in metric surface, due to the reduced manoeuvring space and complex lighting conditions. The prevalent goals for which the 3D digitization could be conceived are, beyond the accurate metric documentation, the analysis of mutual relations of volumes in complex structures, the virtual reconstruction and navigation of spaces with reduced accessibility for dissemination aims. The new SLAM-based positioning solutions implemented in some recent portable systems for indoor/outdoor mapping are increasingly developing and favoured by geometric features extraction algorithms even in traveling through complex and irregular environments. In parallel, the possibility to exploit the advances in digital photogrammetry algorithms for image matching and dense reconstruction using action-cam, compact and fisheye cameras allows to deploy investigation solutions even in complex environments at first sight impossible to map by photogrammetric approach. Here within the F.I.N.E. benchmark in the site of the San Vigilio Castle (Bergamo) and the “nottole” tunnels, a fusion-based workflow is proposed. It is focused on the purposes of providing radiometrically enriched 3D data from the possibility to colourized ZEB point cloud and a textured mesh surfaces with an oriented image block, taking care of the time processing steps optimization.
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Crispel, Pierre, and Gregory Roberts. "All-sky photogrammetry techniques to georeference a cloud field." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 1 (2018): 593–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-593-2018.
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Abstract. In this study, we present a novel method of identifying and geolocalizing cloud field elements from a portable all-sky camera stereo network based on the ground and oriented towards zenith. The methodology is mainly based on stereophotogrammetry which is a 3-D reconstruction technique based on triangulation from corresponding stereo pixels in rectified images. In cases where clouds are horizontally separated, identifying individual positions is performed with segmentation techniques based on hue filtering and contour detection algorithms. Macroscopic cloud field characteristics such as cloud layer base heights and velocity fields are also deduced. In addition, the methodology is fitted to the context of measurement campaigns which impose simplicity of implementation, auto-calibration, and portability. Camera internal geometry models are achieved a priori in the laboratory and validated to ensure a certain accuracy in the peripheral parts of the all-sky image. Then, stereophotogrammetry with dense 3-D reconstruction is applied with cameras spaced 150 m apart for two validation cases. The first validation case is carried out with cumulus clouds having a cloud base height at 1500 m a.g.l. The second validation case is carried out with two cloud layers: a cumulus fractus layer with a base height at 1000 m a.g.l. and an altocumulus stratiformis layer with a base height of 2300 m a.g.l. Velocity fields at cloud base are computed by tracking image rectangular patterns through successive shots. The height uncertainty is estimated by comparison with a Vaisala CL31 ceilometer located on the site. The uncertainty on the horizontal coordinates and on the velocity field are theoretically quantified by using the experimental uncertainties of the cloud base height and camera orientation. In the first cumulus case, segmentation of the image is performed to identify individuals clouds in the cloud field and determine the horizontal positions of the cloud centers.
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Pohanka, Miroslav, and Jitka Zakova. "A Butyrylcholinesterase Camera Biosensor Tested for Carbofuran and Paraoxon Assay." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (April 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2623155.
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Biosensors containing cholinesterase are analytical devices suitable for the assay of neurotoxic compounds. In the research on biosensors, a new platform has appeared some years ago. It is the digital photography and scoring of coloration (photogrammetry). In this paper, a colorimetric biosensor is constructed using 3D-printed multiwell pads treated with indoxylacetate as a chromogenic substrate and gold nanoparticles with the immobilized enzyme butyrylcholinesterase. A smartphone camera served for photogrammetry. The biosensor was tested for the assay of carbofuran and paraoxon ethyl as two types of covalently binding inhibitors: irreversible and pseudoirreversible. The biosensor exerted good sensitivity to the inhibitors and was able to detect carbofuran with a limit of detection for carbofuran 7.7 nmol/l and 17.6 nmol/l for paraoxon ethyl. A sample sized 25 μl was suitable for the assay lasting approximately 70 minutes. Up to 121 samples can be measured contemporary using one multiwell pad. The received data fully correlated with the standard spectrophotometry. The colorimetric biosensor exerts promising specifications and appears to be competitive to the other analytical procedures working on the principle of cholinesterase inhibition. Low-cost, simple, and portable design represent an advantage of the assay of the biosensor. Despite the overall simplicity, the biosensor can fully replace the standard spectroscopic methods.
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Deng, Wen Yi, Ming Li Dong, Nai Guang Lu, and Y. Q. Wang. "Photogrammetric Method with Distance Constraint for Profile of Inflatable Space Antenna." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.313.
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The inflatable space antenna is gradually used in various spacecrafts because it is portable and foldaway. It is usually made of thin-film materials and has a flexible surface, so that measuring force is not tolerable in measurement process. Close-range photogrammetry is considered as an optimal solution because of its advantages of non-contact operation and fast data acquisition. To improve measuring precision, a method combining bundle adjustment algorithm and the distance constraint is presented in the paper. Two experiments under different conditions are accomplished and experiment results are compared. One experiment is completed with the distance constraint and another without. The experiment results are compared by two parameters: tightness and residuals. The measured object is an inflatable antenna with a 3.5-m diameter.
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Maset, E., R. Valente, M. Iamoni, M. Haider, and A. Fusiello. "INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND PORTABLE MOBILE MAPPING TECHNOLOGY FOR 3D MODELING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES: THE CASE STUDY OF THE BZIZA TEMPLE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-831-2022.
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Abstract. In this paper, we present a multi-sensor approach employed to obtain the 3D model of the Roman temple of Bziza (Lebanon) and its surroundings, a work carried out as part of the archaeological Northern Lebanon Project (NoLeP). The integration of photogrammetry and portable mobile mapping technology was tested to overcome the weaknesses of each individual surveying method, with the aim of producing a complete and realistic 3D reconstruction of the whole site, as well as capturing at high-resolution the architectural features of the main structure. Moreover, this case study serves to further investigate the accuracy that can be reached with mobile laser scanners, highlighting benefits and limitations of this rapid and efficient mapping technique also in the field of Cultural Heritage documentation.
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Tavani, Stefano, Amerigo Corradetti, Pablo Granado, Marco Snidero, Thomas D. Seers, and Stefano Mazzoli. "Smartphone: An alternative to ground control points for orienting virtual outcrop models and assessing their quality." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (2019): 2043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02167.1.
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Abstract The application of structure from motion–multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry to map metric- to hectometric-scale exposures facilitates the production of three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions with centimeter resolution and range error. In order to be useful for geospatial data interrogation, models must be correctly located, scaled, and oriented, which typically requires the geolocation of manually positioned ground control points with survey-grade accuracy. The cost and operational complexity of portable tools capable of achieving such positional accuracy and precision is a major obstacle in the routine deployment of SfM-MVS photogrammetry in many fields, including geological fieldwork. Here, we propose a procedure to overcome this limitation and to produce satisfactorily oriented models, which involves the use of photo orientation information recorded by smartphones. Photos captured with smartphones are used to: (1) build test models for evaluating the accuracy of the method, and (2) build smartphone-derived models of outcrops, used to reference higher-resolution models reconstructed from image data collected using digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) and mirrorless cameras. Our results are encouraging and indicate that the proposed workflow can produce registrations with high relative accuracies using consumer-grade smartphones. We also find that comparison between measured and estimated photo orientation can be successfully used to detect errors and distortions within the 3-D models.
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King, Peter, Christopher Sansom, and Paul Comley. "Photogrammetry for Concentrating Solar Collector Form Measurement, Validated Using a Coordinate Measuring Machine." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010196.
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Concentrating solar power systems currently have a high capital cost when compared with other energy generating systems. The solar energy is captured in the form of thermal energy rather than direct electrical, which is attractive as thermal energy is more straightforward and currently more cost-effective to store in the amounts required for extended plant operation. It is also used directly as industrial process heat, including desalination and water purification. For the technology to compete against other generating systems, it is crucial to reduce the electrical energy cost to less than $0.10 per kilowatt-hour. One of the significant capital costs is the solar field, which contains the concentrators. Novel constructions and improvements to the durability and lifetime of the concentrators are required to reduce the cost of this field. This paper describes the development and validation of an inexpensive, highly portable photogrammetry technique, which has been used to measure the shape of large mirror facets for solar collectors. The accuracy of the technique has been validated to show a whole surface measurement capability of better than 100 m using a large coordinate measuring machine. Qualification of facets of the MATS plant was performed during its installation phase, giving results of the shape, slope and intercept errors over each facet.
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Matellon, Antonio, Eleonora Maset, Alberto Beinat, and Domenico Visintini. "Surface Reconstruction from SLAM-Based Point Clouds: Results from the Datasets of the 2023 SIFET Benchmark." Remote Sensing 16, no. 18 (2024): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16183439.
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The rapid technological development that geomatics has been experiencing in recent years is leading to increasing ease, productivity and reliability of three-dimensional surveys, with portable laser scanner systems based on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology, gradually replacing traditional techniques in certain applications. Although the performance of such systems in terms of point cloud accuracy and noise level has been deeply investigated in the literature, there are fewer works about the evaluation of their use for surface reconstruction, cartographic production, and as-built Building Information Model (BIM) creation. The objective of this study is to assess the suitability of SLAM devices for surface modeling in an urban/architectural environment. To this end, analyses are carried out on the datasets acquired by three commercial portable laser scanners in the context of a benchmark organized in 2023 by the Italian Society of Photogrammetry and Topography (SIFET). In addition to the conventional point cloud assessment, we propose a comparison between the reconstructed mesh and a ground-truth model, employing a model-to-model methodology. The outcomes are promising, with the average distance between models ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 cm. However, the surfaces modeled from the terrestrial laser scanning point cloud show a level of detail that is still unmatched by SLAM systems.
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Hu, Xiang Chao, Bao Liang Zhu, Jian Wei Zhao, Xiao Fei Huang, and De Meng Yang. "A Novel Portable DCRP System for Tunnel-Wall Deformation Measurement Based on Non-Metric Digital Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.998.
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Compared to traditional manual-operation method for tunnel-wall deformation measurement, DCRP (Digital Close Range Photogrammetry) technique based on non-metric digital camera is a new emerging and more effective non-contact measurement method. In practical applications, the deformation parameter measurement jobs are throughout the entire process of the tunnel construction to ensure the safety of the project. There are urgent requirements for portability and miniaturization performances of the measurement system to reduce the interaction of measurement job and project construction. A configurable 3D control field equipment was presented, the control points of which could be freely configured according to the practical work conditions and do not need to be re-calibrated. A novel portable tunnel-wall deformation measurement system based on the non-metric digital camera and DLT algorithm was set up. Experimental results showed that the precision of the system for a large section tunnel-wall deformation measurement is better than 0.1‰. The system presented in the paper has the advantages of portability and miniaturization, as easy to implement fast and in-situ tunnel-wall deformation measurements.
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Perfetti, L., G. P. M. Vassena, and F. Fassi. "PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS WITH WEARABLE MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEMS AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (June 26, 2023): 1217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-1217-2023.
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Abstract. In cultural heritage, three-dimensional documentation of historic buildings is fundamental for conservation and valorisation projects. In recent years, the consolidated tools and methods: Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry, have been joined by portable Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs), which can offer significant advantages in terms of speed of survey operations at the price of reduced accuracy. The reduction of survey times and, therefore, costs makes the application of MMS techniques ideal for the preliminary stages of analysis of historical artifacts, when a rapid survey is indispensable for estimating the costs of conservation interventions.In this paper, we present a methodology for the expeditious survey of historic buildings and the surrounding urban fabric that is based on the use of an MMS and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The MMS is the Gexcel Heron MS Twin color. It was used to survey two architecture of interest and the urban context surrounding them from the ground level. The UAV is the DJI Mini 2, used to integrate the terrestrial survey by acquiring the buildings' roofs. The case study presented in the paper is the survey of San Clemente and San Zeno al Foro churches, two historic churches in the city centre of Brescia (Italy).The result are a complete point cloud of the two buildings and a metric virtual tour of all spaces. These results were made available to the architects through the Cintoo web platform to plan future activities.
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Liu, Jincheng, Zhongke Feng, Liyan Yang, et al. "Extraction of Sample Plot Parameters from 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Based on Combined RTK and CCD Continuous Photography." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (2018): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081299.
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Enriching forest resource inventory is important to ensure the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Obtaining forest inventory data from the field has always been difficult, laborious, time consuming, and expensive. Advances in integrating photogrammetry and computer vision have helped researchers develop some numeric algorithms and methods that can turn 2D (images) into 3D (point clouds) and are highly applicable to forestry. This paper aimed to develop a new, highly accurate methodology that extracts sample plot parameters based on continuous terrestrial photogrammetry. For this purpose, we designed and implemented a terrestrial observation instrument combining real-time kinematic (RTK) and charge-coupled device (CCD) continuous photography. Then, according to the set observation plan, three independent experimental plots were continuously photographed and the 3D point cloud of the plot was generated. From this 3D point cloud, the tree position coordinates, tree DBHs, tree heights, and other plot characteristics of the forest were extracted. The plot characteristics obtained from the 3D point cloud were compared with the measurement data obtained from the field to check the accuracy of our methodology. We obtained the position coordinates of the trees with the positioning accuracy (RMSE) of 0.162 m to 0.201 m. The relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of the trunk diameter measurements was 3.07% to 4.51%, which met the accuracy requirements of traditional forestry surveys. The hypsometrical measurements were due to the occlusion of the forest canopy and the estimated rRMSE was 11.26% to 11.91%, which is still good reference data. Furthermore, these image-based point cloud data also have portable observation instruments, low data collection costs, high field measurement efficiency, automatic data processing, and they can directly extract tree geographic location information, which may be interesting and important for certain applications such as the protection of registered famous trees. For forest inventory, continuous terrestrial photogrammetry with its unique advantages is a solution that deserves future attention in the field of tree detection and ecological construction.
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Morales, Edith Obregón, Jose de Jesus Perez Bueno, Juan Carlos Moctezuma Esparza, et al. "Portable Hybrid Refrigerator Prototype for Agribusiness With Its 3D Real Physical Geometry Scanned and Transferred for Simulation Software." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 5, no. 1 (2021): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2021010105.
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A methodology that starts from the acquisition of real prototype geometries up to simulations to evaluate parameters, improvements, or performance under various conditions is proposed. The authors show a case study of a refrigerator with storage capacity for 50 kg of fruit solar-powered by photovoltaic panels, which reach a temperature of about 4°C. The refrigerator comprises two systems, vapor-compression, and Peltier. The methodology consisted of acquiring by a 3D laser scanner or coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and in some small complex items using 3D photogrammetry scanner. These data were transferred first as a CAD or solid works geometry and subsequently transferred to domains geometry useful for ANSYS or COMSOL simulation software. These models with high-resolution bring the simulations closer to real prototypes. Wireless sensors were installed for temperature and humidity monitoring. The analyses of the energy efficiencies of the prototype were performed. The photovoltaic system was for use in crop areas where there was no access to the urban electric network.
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Duffy, James, Jamie Shutler, Matthew Witt, Leon DeBell, and Karen Anderson. "Tracking Fine-Scale Structural Changes in Coastal Dune Morphology Using Kite Aerial Photography and Uncertainty-Assessed Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (2018): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091494.
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Coastal dunes are globally-distributed dynamic ecosystems that occur at the land-sea interface. They are sensitive to disturbance both from natural forces and anthropogenic stressors, and therefore require regular monitoring to track changes in their form and function ultimately informing management decisions. Existing techniques employing satellite or airborne data lack the temporal or spatial resolution to resolve fine-scale changes in these environments, both temporally and spatially whilst fine-scale in-situ monitoring (e.g., terrestrial laser scanning) can be costly and is therefore confined to relatively small areas. The rise of proximal sensing-based Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetric techniques for land surface surveying offers an alternative, scale-appropriate method for spatially distributed surveying of dune systems. Here we present the results of an inter- and intra-annual experiment which utilised a low-cost and highly portable kite aerial photography (KAP) and SfM-MVS workflow to track sub-decimetre spatial scale changes in dune morphology over timescales of between 3 and 12 months. We also compare KAP and drone surveys undertaken at near-coincident times of the same dune system to test the KAP reproducibility. Using a Monte Carlo based change detection approach (Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2)) which quantifies and accounts for survey uncertainty, we show that the KAP-based survey technique, whilst exhibiting higher x, y, z uncertainties than the equivalent drone methodology, is capable of delivering data describing dune system topographical change. Significant change (according to M3C2); both positive (accretion) and negative (erosion) was detected across 3, 6 and 12 months timescales with the majority of change detected below 500 mm. Significant topographic changes as small as ~20 mm were detected between surveys. We demonstrate that portable, low-cost consumer-grade KAP survey techniques, which have been employed for decades for hobbyist aerial photography, can now deliver science-grade data, and we argue that kites are well-suited to coastal survey where winds and sediment might otherwise impede surveys by other proximal sensing platforms, such as drones.
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Marra, Elena, Andrea Laschi, Fabio Fabiano, et al. "Impacts of wood extraction on soil: assessing rutting and soil compaction caused by skidding and forwarding by means of traditional and innovative methods." European Journal of Forest Research 141, no. 1 (2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01420-w.
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AbstractIntensive forestry operations may cause soil compaction, plastic soil disturbances and rutting, which are responsible for undesirable effects on soils, vegetation and water bodies. Despite the numerous studies aimed to identify the main factors affecting soil damages, it still remains unclear whether wood extraction methods and driving direction (uphill or downhill) may affect the impacts of forest machines. This research analyses soil compaction and soil penetration resistance as well as rutting from forwarding and skidding using the same farm tractor in up- and downhill wood extraction. Rutting was estimated by 3D soil reconstruction derived by portable laser scanning (PLS) and close-range photogrammetry using structure for motion (SfM). Our findings showed that the direction of extraction did not affect soil damage severity during forwarding on a 25% slope. On the contrary, in order to reduce soil compaction, downhill skidding is preferable to uphill skidding. The results showed that the pressure on the ground caused by vehicles can be distributed horizontally, thus affecting also the soil between the wheel tracks. The soil bulk density inside the tracks after 10 forwarding passes increased by 40% and with 23% between the wheel tracks. The soil displacement in skidding trails (7.36 m3 per 100 m of trail) was significantly higher than in forwarding (1.68 m3 per 100 m of trail). The rutting estimation showed no significant difference between the PLS and SfM methods, even comparing the two digital surface models (DSMs) obtained, even if photogrammetry was preferred for technical and practical reasons.
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McAvoy, S., J. Ristevski, D. Rissolo, and F. Kuester. "OPENHERITAGE3D: BUILDING AN OPEN VISUAL ARCHIVE FOR SITE SCALE GIGA-RESOLUTION LIDAR AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY DATA." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-M-1-2023 (June 23, 2023): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-m-1-2023-215-2023.
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Abstract. LiDAR and photogrammetry are common mechanisms for the documentation of cultural heritage sites. Their outputs provide foundational primary sources for research and important engineering decisions contributing to the on-going conservation of sites and structures. Unfortunately, due to the complex nature of these data, they are rarely shared with stakeholders in their full forms. Raw data is routinely transferred to portable hard drives and forgotten at a project’s end. Digital heritage documentation, often acquired with great effort and cost, is at risk of loss (UNESCO 2003). When these data are shared, they are rarely presented or formatted in ways which enable their widespread re-use. As processing tools improve at a rapid pace, and offer new pipelines for improved reconstruction and fusion with additional data sources, it is important to preserve the data in a way which maintains all functionality and interoperability between processing platforms. It's not enough to share data or to simply make them "available." Data must be technologically and intellectually intelligible (and useful). A new system framework is required to ensure their integrity and wide-spread utility, and to democratize these data for re-use by the diverse communities of stakeholders with whose purposes fall outside the narrow scopes of a 3D documentation project’s original goals. In this paper we present OpenHeritage3D.org as a platform and framework for an open visual archive seeking to provide authoritative and democratized access to site-scale lidar and photogrammetry through data curation, file-sharing, and web-visualization systems with granular segmentation and data conversion capabilities.
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Fernández Álvarez, Humberto, Guillermo Álvarez-Narciandi, María García-Fernández, Jaime Laviada, Yuri Álvarez López, and Fernando Las-Heras Andrés. "A Portable Electromagnetic System Based on mm-Wave Radars and GNSS-RTK Solutions for 3D Scanning of Large Material Piles." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030757.
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In this paper, a portable three-dimensional (3D) scanning system for the accurate characterization of large raw material (e.g., cereal grain, coal, etc.) stockpiles is presented. The system comprises an array of high resolution millimeter-wave radars and a cm-level accuracy positioning system to accurately characterize large stockpiles by means of a high-resolution 3D map, making it suitable for automation purposes. A control unit manages the data received by the sensors, which are sent to a computer system for processing. As a proof of concept, the entire sensor system is evaluated in a real environment for electromagnetically scan a scaled stockpile of coal, used in the industry for handling raw materials. In addition, a highly efficient processing adaptive algorithm that may reconstruct the scanned structure in real-time has been introduced, enabling continuous dynamic updating of the information. Results are compared with those from a photogrammetry-like technique, revealing an excellent agreement.
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Adekunle, Adegbayi Adeola, Abiodun Yusuff Olowo, Moses Adetona, et al. "Variations in Facial Anthropometric Measurements among Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria: A 3-Dimentional Stereophotogrammetry Analysis." FACE 2, no. 3 (2021): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27325016211029013.
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Objectives: The aim of the study is to highlight variations in facial anthropometric measurements among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria using 3D photogrammetry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Acquisition of 3D facial photographs was done using a Vectra H1 portable 3D photogrammetry imaging system. Descriptive analysis of collected data was done and a test of associations performed using independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at <.05. Results: The total number of participants in this study was 503. The study population was made up of 302 (60%) males and 201 (40%) females. Mean upper facial height among Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and other ethnic groups were 68.93 ± 5.85, 70.18 ± 5.99, 63.79 ± 4.80, and 69.29 ± 5.95 mm respectively, while mean interpupillary distances were 66.99 ± 3.70, 67.34 ± 3.56, 66.73 ± 3.80, and 67.09 ± 3.72 mm respectively. A Tukey posthoc test revealed significant pairwise differences for upper facial height between the Yoruba and Hausa population with a mean difference of 5.15 mm ( P < .001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35) ( P < .001, 95% CI 2.94-7.35), and Hausa and Igbo population with a mean difference of 6.39 mm ( P < .001, 95% CI 3.75-9.03). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the presence of significant inter-ethnic differences between Hausa ethnic group and the Yoruba ethnic group for midfacial height ( P < .001), upper lip height ( P = .004), lower lip height ( P = .003), total face height ( P = .010), and orbital fissure width ( P < .001). Conclusion: The result of this study shows that distinct difference does exist in the facial anthropological measurements between the ethnicities included in this study especially in vertical facial measurements.
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Porter, Samantha T., Nadine Huber, Christian Hoyer, and Harald Floss. "Portable and low-cost solutions to the imaging of Paleolithic art objects: A comparison of photogrammetry and reflectance transformation imaging." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 10 (December 2016): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.07.013.
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Matsimbe, Jabulani. "Comparative application of photogrammetry, handmapping and android smartphone for geotechnical mapping and slope stability analysis." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (2021): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0213.
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Abstract With increasing awareness of geotechnical risks in civil and mining structures, taking advantage of smartphone technology to study rocky slopes can play a key role in the development of safe and economical structures for human welfare. In Malawi, there is a research gap on application of portable devices to collect geotechnical data. Geological engineers still use the unsafe tedious handmapping technique to collect geotechnical data. A road cut that experiences frequent rockfall is used as a case study to investigate if there is a role for smartphones in geotechnics by comparing set statistics of data clusters collected through photogrammetry, smartphone and clar inclinometer. Besides low cost, smartphone’ data capture speed is faster than clar inclinometer. Stereographic and kinematic analysis shows that the 75° dipping road cut is predominantly prone to wedge failure with minor planar failure. For slope stability, Q-slope suggests a new slope angle of 60–66°. An acceptable tolerance limit or error between handmapping and remote data capture systems should be less than ±15°. Set analysis on 111 comparable data points gave a maximum pole vector difference of 10.5°, with the minimum having a difference of 4.8°. For dip, the standard deviations vary from 4.9 to 9.5°, while their mean values vary from −2 to 2.75°. For dip directions, the standard deviations vary from 3.2 to 4.3°, while their mean values vary from −6 to 0.75°. Therefore, android smartphones have a role in geotechnics due to their allowable orientation errors, which show less variance in measured dip/dip direction.
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Menna, F., A. Torresani, R. Battisti, E. Nocerino, and F. Remondino. "A MODULAR AND LOW-COST PORTABLE VSLAM SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME 3D MAPPING: FROM INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES TO UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W1-2022 (December 8, 2022): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w1-2022-153-2022.
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Abstract. The bond with computer vision and robotics is revolutionizing the traditional surveying approaches. Algorithms such as visual odometry and SLAM are embedded in surveying systems to make on-site and processing operations more efficient both in terms of time and quality of the achieved results. In this paper, we present the latest developments on GuPho, a mobile mapping concept based on photogrammetry that leverages a vSLAM solution to provide innovative and unique features supporting the image acquisition and optimising the processing steps. These include visual feedback on ground sample distance and maximum allowed speed to avoid motion blur. Two efficient image acquisition strategies, based on geometric principles, are implemented to optimise the disk storage, avoiding unnecessary redundancy. Moreover, an innovative automatic exposure control that adjusts the shutter speed or gain based on the tracked object in 3D is part of the system. The paper reports the motivations behind the design choices, details the hardware and software components, discusses several case studies to showcase the potentialities of our low-cost, lightweight, and portable modular prototype system.
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Graciano, Alejandro, Lidia Ortega, Rafael J. Segura, and Francisco R. Feito. "Digitization of religious artifacts with a structured light scanner." Virtual Archaeology Review 8, no. 17 (2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.4650.
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The digitization process for religious artifacts is subject to inherent difficulties often ignored in theoretical models or pipelines. In this paper we aim to describe these problems, which are present in practical environments such as temples and churches, using white light scanners instead of other common devices or technologies such as laser scanners and photogrammetry. Our case study is based on the digitization of two religious statues belonging to a Catholic brotherhood located in a village of the Province of Jaén (Spain), one of them presenting especially several limitations. After performing the scanning process with a portable hand-held scanner, the images captured were processed until the final models were acquired. On the basis of the results obtained, we discuss the problems arising after using well-known procedures for the reconstruction of 3D models, their causes and some possible solutions to achieving a correct digitization. It should be noted that it is not the aim of this study to establish procedures for the digitization of religious artifacts, but rather to transmit the inherent constraints of these types of scenes.
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Tommaselli, A. M. G., M. B. Campos, L. F. Castanheiro, and E. Honkavaara. "A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON INCREMENTAL BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT WITH FISHEYE IMAGES AND LOW-COST SENSORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W18 (November 29, 2019): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w18-167-2019.
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Abstract. Low cost imaging and positioning sensors are opening new frontiers for applications in near real-time Photogrammetry. Omnidirectional cameras acquiring images with 360° coverage, when combined with information coming from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), can efficiently estimate orientation and object space structure. However, several challenges remain in the use of low-cost sensors and image observations acquired by sensors with non-perspective inner geometry. The accuracy of the measurement using low-cost sensors is affected by different sources of errors and sensor stability. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) present a large gap between predicted and actual accuracy. This work presents a study on the performance of an integrated sensor orientation approach to estimate sensor orientation and 3D sparse point cloud, using an incremental bundle adjustment strategy and data coming from a low-cost portable mobile terrestrial system composed by off-theshelf navigation systems and a poly-dioptric system (Ricoh Theta S). Experiments were performed in an outdoor area (sidewalk), achieving a trajectory positional accuracy of 0.33 m and a meter level 3D reconstruction.
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Fortuna, Santina, Antonio Lagudi, Luigi Scarfone, Barbara Davidde, Fabio Bruno, and Loris Barbieri. "Integrating 3D Reconstruction and AR for Enhancing Visitor Experience in Submerged Heritage Sites." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W10-2025 (July 7, 2025): 63–69. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w10-2025-63-2025.
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Abstract. Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) sites offer unique opportunities for archaeological exploration and cultural tourism but remain difficult to interpret due to the environmental constraints of the underwater setting. This paper introduces an integrated Underwater Augmented Reality (UWAR) system designed to support real-time, site-specific interpretation for recreational divers. The approach combines opto-acoustic 3D reconstruction with thematic annotation and portable AR delivery. A high-resolution, georeferenced 3D model of the site is generated by fusing multibeam sonar and underwater photogrammetry data. This model provides the spatial framework for distributing interpretive content through georeferenced Points of Interest (POIs), including descriptive texts, images, and 3D reconstructions. The system architecture includes a smart buoy equipped with USBL and GNSS positioning systems and an underwater mobile device for AR visualization. This setup enables real-time localization and contextual content delivery without the need for permanent infrastructure. The presented UWAR system aims to improve site readability, promote active learning and support sustainable cultural engagement, offering a scalable model for heritage interpretation in underwater environments.
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Cabral, Ricardo Pinheiro, Gilson Fernandes da Silva, André Quintão de Almeida, et al. "Mapping of the Successional Stage of a Secondary Forest Using Point Clouds Derived from UAV Photogrammetry." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (2023): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020509.
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The definition of strategies for forest restoration projects depends on information of the successional stage of the area to be restored. Usually, classification of the successional stage is carried out in the field using forest inventory campaigns. However, these campaigns are costly, time-consuming, and limited in terms of spatial coverage. Currently, forest inventories are being improved using 3D data obtained from remote sensing. The objective of this work was to estimate several parameters of interest for the classification of the successional stages of secondary vegetation areas using 3D digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A cost analysis was also carried out considering the costs of equipment and data collection, processing, and analysis. The study was carried out in southeastern Brazil in areas covered by secondary Atlantic Forest. Regression models were fit to estimate total height (h), diameter at breast height (dbh), and basal area (ba) of trees in 40 field inventory plots (0.09 ha each). The models were fit using traditional metrics based on heights derived from DAP and a portable laser scanner (PLS). The prediction models based on DAP data yielded a performance similar to models fit with LiDAR, with values of R² ranging from 88.3% to 94.0% and RMSE between 11.1% and 28.5%. Successional stage maps produced by DAP were compatible with the successional classes estimated in the 40 field plots. The results show that UAV photogrammetry metrics can be used to estimate h, dbh, and ba of secondary vegetation with an accuracy similar to that obtained from LiDAR. In addition to presenting the lowest cost, the estimates derived from DAP allowed for the classification of successional stages in the analyzed secondary forest areas.
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Maksimova, Svetlana, Anastasia Semina, Anna Shamarina, and Anna Balandina. "The digital model as a key tool for preserving architectural heritage in strategic master planning." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305014.
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The possibilities and role of a three-dimensional spatial model are considered on the example of the historical and architectural Usolye Stroganovsky museum-reserve strategic master plan (Perm region). In the context of heritage preservation, the master plan was shown not only as a strategic document, but also as a communication tool between various branches of government in order to integrate heritage protection policy into the system of general urban planning policy. The methodological approach is based on use of a digital three-dimensional model obtained by laser scanning and photogrammetry. A portable and ground-based laser scanning to create the point cloud is presented. The architectural and urban planning solutions of the strategic master plan are based on the dynamic 3D model and static visualizations of individual elements. The results of virtual reconstruction are shown. The level of detail of 3D models is LOD 200. Virtual reconstruction and visualization have shown themselves not only as a reliable communication tool for the decision-making management, but also as a way to quickly obtain a complex of urban planning and design documentation suitable for reconstruction and restoration of historical and architectural heritage.
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Puerto, Pablo, Ibai Leizea, Imanol Herrera, and Asier Barrios. "Analyses of Key Variables to Industrialize a Multi-Camera System to Guide Robotic Arms." Robotics 12, no. 1 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12010010.
Full textAbstract:
Robotic arms are widely used in sectors such as automotive or assembly logistics due to their flexibility and cost. Other manufacturing sectors would like to take advantage of this technology, however, higher accuracy is required for their purposes. This paper integrated a multi-camera system to achieve the requirements for milling and drilling tasks in aeronautic parts. A closed-loop framework allows the position of the robot’s end-effector to be corrected with respect to a static reference. This is due to the multi-camera system tracking the position of both elements due to the passive targets on their surface. The challenge is to find an auxiliary system to measure these targets with an uncertainty that allows the desired accuracy to be achieved in high volumes (>3 m3). Firstly, in a reduced scenario, a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), a laser tracker (LT), and portable photogrammetry (PP) have been compared following the guidelines from VDI/VDE 2634-part 1. The conclusions allowed us to jump into an industrial scenario and run a similar test with a higher payload than in the laboratory. The article ends with an application example demonstrating the suitability of the solution.
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Watson, C., Jeffrey Kargel, and Babulal Tiruwa. "UAV-Derived Himalayan Topography: Hazard Assessments and Comparison with Global DEM Products." Drones 3, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3010018.
Full textAbstract:
Topography derived using human-portable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure from motion photogrammetry offers an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution and uncertainty over small survey extents, compared to global digital elevation model (DEM) products, which are often the only available choice of DEMs in the high-mountain Himalaya. Access to fine-resolution topography in the high mountain Himalaya is essential to assess where flood and landslide events present a risk to populations and infrastructure. In this study, we compare the topography of UAV-derived DEMs, three open-access global DEM products, and the 8 m High Mountain Asia (HMA) DEMs (released in December 2017) and assess their suitability for landslide- and flood-related hazard assessments. We observed close similarity between UAV and HMA DEMs when comparing terrain elevation, river channel delineation, landside volume, and landslide-dammed lake area and volume. We demonstrate the use of fine-resolution topography in a flood-modelling scenario relating to landslide-dammed lakes that formed on the Marsyangdi River following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. We outline a workflow for using UAVs in hazard assessments and disaster situations to generate fine-resolution topography and facilitate real-time decision-making capabilities, such as assessing landslide-dammed lakes, mass movement volumes, and flood risk.