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Roux, Caroline. "Portails romans de Haute-Auvergne : études de sites /." [Aurillac] (rue Arsène-Vermenouze, 15000) : Société des lettres, sceinces et arts La Haute-Auvergne, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399210584.
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Roux, Caroline. "La pierre et le seuil : portails romans en Haute-Auvergne /." [Clermont-Ferrand] : Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392953167.
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Roux, Caroline. "Les portails romans des églises de Haute-Auvergne : Architecture, sculpture et orientations." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20010.
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Les portails historiés les plus riches de l'Auvergne romane se situent dans sa partie méridionale montagneuse, appelée la Haute-Auvergne, avec le chantier templier de Saint Georges d'Ydes et l'église paroissiale Notre-Dame-des-Miracles de Mauriac. Si l'historiographie a, depuis le XIXe siècle, mis en valeur ces deux programmes iconographiques et leur style en les inscrivant dans une mouvance aquitaine, l'ensemble des portails romans, comme, plus largement, les églises romanes de cette zone, restent méconnus. A travers des partis architecturaux divers et monumentaux, l'étude des dispositions que présentent les entrées des édifices religieux met en lumière un terrain d'échanges variés et complexes qui ne font que circonscrire et nuancer le poids des relations avec les territoires de l'ouest. L'inventaire typologique des portails romans montre, comme, plus largement, l'étude des méthodes de construction employées au XIIe siècle, une division interne au sein de la Haute-Auvergne, qui distingue le quart nord-ouest, correspondant à l'archiprêtré de Mauriac, du reste du pays. Aux axes traditionnels de recherches qui concernent, dans l'étude des portails romans, l'architecture et l'ornementation, cette étude en ajoute un troisième relatif à l'orientation des entrées des édifices religieux en Haute-Auvergne. Depuis le XIIe jusqu'au XVIe siècle, se sont imposés deux schémas différents d'implantation de la porte, solidaire ou non de la façade occidentale. L'un ou l'autre parti, marquant fortement l'élévation d'ensemble des édifices, fut adopté selon une répartition géographique très nette qui confirme l'existence d'une scission interne au pays, déjà mise en lumière par la typologie. Au-delà des facteurs déterminants de ces choix (topographie, liturgie, climat), les modes d'orientation des entrées des églises de Haute-Auvergne révèlent un paysage monumental de l'Auvergne divisé entre deux entités méridionale et septentrionale
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Genest, Renée. "Les formes circulaires sculptées : Étude de cas : la frise à médaillons du portail roman de l'église abbatiale de Cluny au XIIe et XIIIe siècles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28813/28813.pdf.
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Parada, López de Corselas Manuel. "Arquitectura e iconografía en el Alto Imperio Romano: portadas monumentales y otros motivos de prestigio de la conjunción de los sistemas arquitrabado y arcuado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454740.
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Aquesta investigació presenta una anàlisi crítica de les combinacions del sistema arquitravat i el sistema arcuado en l'Imperi Romà, que abordem específicament a través de la "serliana", les seves variants i els motius a aquesta estructura vinculats, aprofundint en les seves cronologies i àmbits geogràfics, evolució tècnica i formal (filiacions, precedents i conseqüents), funcions, contextos i simbolisme dins de l'anomenada "arquitectura del poder". Tot això amb atenció a les fonts disponibles (arquitectura, iconografia, fonts escrites) i acarant l'ocupació d'aquests motius en l'arquitectura i la iconografia de l'Imperi Romà. A l'apèndix ens aturem a la reinterpretació medieval i renaixentista d'aquests motius arquitectònics a través del cas d'estudi de la koiné cultural del palau de Carles V a Granada.
En suma, s'ofereix una lectura iconològica de conjunt innovadora per a la temàtica proposada, atenent un fil conductor transversal a cavall entre l'Arqueologia, la Història de l'Art i la Història de l'Arquitectura.
[traducción automática]Esta investigación presenta un análisis crítico de las combinaciones del sistema arquitrabado y el sistema arcuado en el Imperio Romano, que abordamos específicamente a través de la “serliana”, sus variantes y los motivos a dicha estructura vinculados, profundizando en sus cronologías y ámbitos geográficos, evolución técnica y formal (filiaciones, precedentes y consecuentes), funciones, contextos y simbolismo dentro de la llamada “arquitectura del poder”. Todo ello con atención a las fuentes disponibles (arquitectura, iconografía, fuentes escritas) y cotejando el empleo de tales motivos en la arquitectura y la iconografía del Imperio Romano. En el apéndice nos detenemos en la reinterpretación medieval y renacentista de estos motivos arquitectónicos a través del caso de estudio de la koiné cultural del palacio de Carlos V en Granada. En suma, se ofrece una lectura iconológica de conjunto novedosa para la temática propuesta, atendiendo a un hilo conductor transversal a caballo entre la Arqueología, la Historia del Arte y la Historia de la Arquitectura.
This research presents a critical analysis of the architectural combinations of trabeated system and arcuated system used throughout the Roman Empire. We specifically focus on the "serlian motif", its variants and related motifs, detailing its chronology and geographical areas of occurrence as well as its technical and formal evolution (affiliations, precedents and consequents), functions, contexts and symbolism in the "architecture of power" sphere. Special attention is paid to available sources in the fields of architecture, iconography and literature by comparing the use of such motifs in the architecture and iconography of the Roman Empire. The appendix is the case study of cultural koiné of the palace of Charles V in Granada, which exemplifies the Medieval and Renaissance reinterpretation of this motif. This thesis provides a new iconological reading for the proposed theme, across the fields of archeology, art history and history of architecture.
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Walton, P. J. "Rethinking Roman Britain : an applied numismatic analysis of the Roman coin data recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318144/.
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This thesis explores the potential of Roman coin data, particularly that recorded by the PAS, as a tool for understanding the development of the Roman province of Britannia. Using a range of Applied Numismatic techniques, it surveys patterns of coin loss to evaluate when, where, by whom and for what purpose Roman coins were employed. In doing so, it provides an insight not only into the economy of Roman Britain, but also a range of themes such as regionality and Romanisation. Five case-studies involve analysis of the coin data at a national or regional level. The first, outlined in Chapter 4, explores mean values for coin loss and presents a new method for investigating denominational variation. This provides fundamental context for all research undertaken in this thesis. It is followed by four chapters that offer a snapshot of patterns of coin loss at key moments during the history of Roman Britain. These include analyses of Republican and Claudian issues, Carausian and Allectan coinage, and mid fourth to early fifth century coinage. Two further case studies focus on patterns of coin loss at a regional and site-specific level. Chapter 9 integrates site find and hoard evidence from the Isle of Wight, in order to investigate its development within a provincial context. The usefulness of coin assemblages for identifying settlement foci and tracing their chronologies is also assessed. Chapter 10 explores the character and date of a votive deposit from Piercebridge, County Durham. It compares and contrasts the coin profile for the site with other votive assemblages from Roman Britain, in order to test the theory that particular types of site exhibit particular types of coin loss. The treatment of coins is also assessed as are non-numismatic finds’ data. Chapter 11 summarises the conclusions reached in individual chapters and explores how they lead to an enhanced understanding of Roman Britain. Recommendations for further work are also made.
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Le, Luel Nathalie Barral i. Altet Xavier. "Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges recherches sur l'iconographie profane en façade des églises romanes /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://theses.scdbases.uhb.fr:8000/theseLeLueldiffusable.pdf.
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Le, Luel Nathalie. "Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges : recherches sur l'iconographie profane en façade des églises romanes." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseLeLueldiffusable.pdf.
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Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges constitue l’unique vestige monumental de l’ancienne collégiale éponyme détruite pendant la Révolution. Célèbre pour son tympan historié, il fait l’objet dans ce travail d’une longue étude monographique qui sert de point de départ à une réflexion élargie sur l’iconographie profane à l’époque romane. La première partie replace le portail – originellement situé au centre de la façade occidentale – dans son contexte historique et monumental ; l’étude stylistique et épigraphique plaide pour une réalisation au cours du premier quart du XIIe siècle. Dans la deuxième partie, sont analysés les trois thèmes iconographiques profanes qui composent le décor historié du tympan : le calendrier des mois, la chasse et les fables. L’examen des images montre une convergence symbolique des trois registres où se lisent des préoccupations à la fois séculières et eschatologiques propres à l’Eglise du XIIe siècle. L’interprétation des registres est confrontée dans la troisième partie à l’ensemble du programme iconographique du portail qui dévoile un message pluriel : les interactions symboliques, liturgiques, sociales, nouées par le portail au seuil de l’église soulignent la cohérence visuelle et intellectuelle du programme sculpté. Les images profanes du tympan témoignent d’un réel souci du clergé quant à la réception d’une partie du décor par les fidèles laïques : cette observation est confirmée par l’étude d’une série d’autres façades d’églises de l’Occident roman. Elle démontre une utilisation réfléchie de l’iconographie profane par l’Eglise comme stratégie de communication visuelle efficace à destination de l’espace séculier et, avant tout, des fidèles non lettrésThe portal of Saint-Ursin at Bourges constitutes the only monumental vestige of the old eponymous collegial church destroyed during the Revolution. Famous for its historiated tympanum, it is here the subject of a long monographic study used as the starting point of a reflection encompassing the profane iconography at the Romanesque period. The first part situates the portal – originally located in the entre of the western façade – in its historical and monumental context; the stylistic and epigraphic study suggests that it was made during the first quarter of the XIIth century. The second part focuses on the three profane iconographic themes which compose the historiated scenery of the tympanum: the calendar of months, hunting and fables. The study of images shows that there is a symbolic convergence of the three registers which reflect both secular and eschatological preoccupations typical of the Church in the XIIth century. In the third part, the interpretations of the registers are compared to the whole iconographic program of the portal, revealing a polysemous message: the symbolic, liturgical and social interactions formed by the portal on the threshold of the church underline the visual and intellectual coherence of the sculpted program. The profane images of the tympanum testify to a real concern of the clergy about the reception of a part of the scenery by the secular believers: this observation is confirmed by the study of a series of other church façades in the Romanesque West. Its shows a well-thought-out use of profane iconography by the Church, serving a strategy of efficient visual communication aimed at the laity and, above all, at the illiterate believers
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Williams, Guy. "Defining a Roman identity in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus : the dialogue between "Roman" and "foreign"." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-a-roman-identity-in-the-res-gestae-of-ammianus-marcellinus-the-dialogue-between-roman-and-foreign(19007b12-4129-41ed-a2c1-cd57af27b542).html.
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This thesis argues that Ammianus is interested in, and attempts to define, a Roman identity applicable to his own multifarious world. It argues that Ammianus and some of his peers discern a clear increase in the number of foreigners and outsiders in the empire. While some of his peers lament this perception and adopt a hard-line approach, Ammianus has a much more nuanced view. It is argued that the model of Roman identity which he devises not only accounts for foreigners, but actually, in some cases, makes them exemplars of a flexible Roman identity based chiefly on the notion of appropriate behaviour. In this sense, his identity scheme is ultimately integrative and inclusive. As part of his definition of identity, Ammianus utilises an "outsider" perspective. This perspective is shown to dictate not only how he portrays his characters and their deeds, but even how he reflects on the substance of Romanness as a continual dialogue between "Roman" and "foreign", broadly conceived. It is finally argued that the historian's purpose in defining such an identity is to ensure that the eternity of the empire, in which he firmly believes, is safeguarded by future "Romans" who perhaps may never even see the City itself, but nevertheless remain committed to its protection.
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Calik, Ayse. "Roman Imperial sculpture from Cilicia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/roman-imperial-sculpture-from-cilicia(52fdf4d0-393f-42f3-8373-470393fac704).html.
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Dixon, Jessica Elizabeth. "The language of Roman adultery." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-language-of-roman-adultery(c85e2315-14ca-4c86-a5ea-23d7bcbb219a).html.
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This thesis uses the language of adultery to examine the relationship between law and society in ancient Rome. In particular, questions will be asked about the ways in which this exchange functioned – do social norms determine law or vice versa? To begin, the lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis will be contextualised within Augustus’ wider programme of moral reform, and definitions will be given for adulterium and stuprum, the terms which the law used to classify the actions it penalised. The thesis will use these two terms as a lens through which to investigate changes in attitudes to adultery following the introduction of the lex Iulia. A survey of the use of adulterium and stuprum, including their derivatives and the borrowed Greek form moechus, will be made within Latin literature from the 2nd century BC until the 2nd century AD. It will be argued that changes in the use and meaning of the terms following the introduction of the lex Iulia are indicative of changes in attitudes to adultery within the Roman male elite. This in turn will show that law can and does impact on society and it can be used as a positive force to change society’s conception of a given behaviour. Chapter two looks closely at the punishment of adultery in the republic in order to provide a framework through which to understand the lex Iulia as an innovative piece of legislation. The provisions of the law will then be recreated using the juristic texts of the sixth century legal compilations and the chapter will conclude by looking at the attempts to revive the lex Iulia by later emperors and the changes that were made to the law. The focus of chapters three and four is the use of the terms adulterium and stuprum in prose and verse literature. A selection of authors has been chosen to provide a sample that covers the chronological period in question and to include a wide range of genres. It will be shown that in the republic stuprum was the more frequent term as it could be used to refer to sexual transgression in general, including adultery. However, following the introduction of the adultery law, adulterium is found with much greater frequency and its use reflects the new legal definition of adultery and the need to qualify accusations in terms of the law. Moreover, whereas previously stuprum had been conceived of as the more damaging and disgraceful concept, adulterium became to be of greater concern. The legal significance which the lex Iulia gave to adultery and the terms used to describe it are also evident. Overall, it is the aim of this thesis to show how the introduction of the lex Iulia de adulteriis coercendis shaped and altered attitudes to adultery within Roman society. Nevertheless, the validity of using law to control morality continued to be questioned by some of the authors studied and there were negative effects on ideas of marital fidelity and sexual morality as a result of the law.
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Aydin, Mahmut. "Authenticity Of Roman Imperial Age Silver Coins Using Non-destructive Archaeometric Techniques." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615717/index.pdf.
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Imitation of archeological artifacts or replacing the authentic ones with fake replicates is a universal
problemit is particularly important in Turkey for historical metal objects. Traditionally used visual inspection methods alone are not sufficient for the solution of contemporary problems. In this study, chemical characterization has been used to determine the differences between the authentic and fake objects. The non-destructive analyses were carried out by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (P-XRF). Silver Roman Coins (27 B.C. to 244 A.D.) were the objects handled in this research. In particular the concentrations of Zr, Pt, Pb and Bi were used for differentiation
it has been observed that the concentrations have different trends in the authentic and fake silver coins. In authentic coins the average Pb concentration was found to be 0.77%, while this value was 0.055% for the fake ones. Bi could be determined in 86% of the authentic coins while it could not be detected in any fake coin. It has been generally observed that the silver and copper concentrations could not be utilized in authenticity tests. Another approach was the use of Line Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (LSEM-EDX). Using LSEM-EDX technique, it was observed that the concentration changes near the interface between the matrix and the copper-rich locations exhibits difference behaviors for the authentic and fake objects. This difference is originated by the fact that a newly formed copper amalgam contains copper-rich phases while with extended time concentration changes at interfaces become more gradual or not detectable. Pearson correlation was used in order to elucidate the relations between the element concentrations determined by P-XRF. In order to see whether the authentic and silver fake coins can form separate groups, dendograms have been constructed utilizing SPSS 16.0 software and Euclidian Square Distance method. It has been observed that the authentic and fake coins can be successfully grouped when the proper statistical choices are used. It has been observed that these groups have significant differences using t-test. The selected and used technology is proposed for use by museums and entities keeping archaeological collections in order to prevent forgeries.
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Stevenson, Andrew John. "Aulus Gellius and Roman antiquarian writing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1993. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aulus-gellius-and-roman-antiquarian-writing(dde8a7ce-728c-4dce-bbb5-736f3269872a).html.
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Drakeman, Cynthia Leigh. "Portable goddesses: The use and significance of pipeclay figurines of Venus in the Northern Roman Provinces from the First-Third Centuries CE." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491552.
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This thesis presents an iconographic and archaeological analysis of figurines of Venus produced in pipeclay in the Northern Roman Provinces from the first through third centuries CE and seeks to examine what uses and significance they may have had.
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Kim, Yoonjong. "The divine-human relationship in Romans 1-8 in the light of interdependence theory." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-divinehuman-relationship-in-romans-18-in-the-light-of-interdependence-theory(e1c30726-139c-4f8e-be72-edfd890452c1).html.
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The present thesis aims to analyse the divine-human relationship in Paul's theology, focusing on Paul's portrayal of the relationship in Romans 1-8. The issue of the divine-human relationship has been treated by multiple Pauline studies with various foci, for instance, the issues of agency, the apocalyptic character of Paul's gospel, the concept of charis, and the covenantal relationship. Nevertheless, these approaches often do not pay sufficient attention to the fact that the divine-human relationship in Romans is not static but exhibits progression and development towards a goal. As a result of this, such studies cannot effectively address the significance of the human agent's role in the relationship, a role which changes at each stage of the relationship's development. In order to offer a different perspective, the present thesis utilises a social psychological theory, namely, interdependence theory (IT). IT offers a consistent analytic framework for diagnosing the interactions in a dyadic relationship in terms of the dependency created by each partner's expectations of outcomes. By deploying IT, we explore several key stages of the divine-human relationship and the direction in which the relationship develops throughout Romans 1-8 in order to highlight the significance of the human partners in the course of the development. The key stages include: betrayal (1.18-3.20), restoration (3.21-26; 5.1-11), the oppressive relationship with Sin (5.12-8.11), and the investment for the future (8.12-39). From our investigation, we conclude that although the foundation of the relationship rests on God's initiative, the divine outworking guides the relationship so that it facilitates mutual participation of the human partners in the restoration and development of the relationship toward the ultimate goal. Another contribution of the present study can be found in our attempt to introduce IT to the field of NT studies through our methodological considerations.
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Gyori, Victoria. "From republic to principate : change and continuity in Roman coinage." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/from-republic-to-principate(79056ebd-faf5-4f69-a4f5-0d75a57ca875).html.
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My thesis analyses the changes which occurred in the coinage of Rome from the mid-first century BC to the succession of Tiberius in AD 14 and investigates how they can contribute to our understanding of the nature and chronology of the formation of the Principate. The first chapter discusses methodological problems. I argue that the current organization and classification of Roman coinage - especially the treatment of all post-31/27 BC coins as "imperial" - have prejudged and obscured the value of coinage as evidence for this transition. The second chapter examines the Octavianic CAESAR DIVI F(ilius) and IMP(erator) CAESAR series of c. 32-27 BC. I argue these coins should be seen in a "Hellenistic monarchic" tradition following the Late Republican debt to Hellenistic artistic media. The third chapter and the fourth chapter focus on coins minted at Rome and in Spain from 23 BC to 16 BC. I argue that while many of these coins still employ numerous Late Republican Hellenising motifs, they also introduce novel elements into the typological inventory of Roman coinage, such as "honorific" and "anticipatory" issues, as well as a boom in the use of explanatory legends. The fifth chapter explores the dramatic shift in "familial" coin typology from the "ancestral" references in the Republic to portrayal of living members of the domus Augusti. The domus Augusti is the one numismatic theme that is found both on Augustan "mainstream" and "provincial" coins, and it seems that these types were first developed on the "provincial" coins. Overall, I conclude that these developments were not unilinear: there had been a general trend starting in the late Republic to adopt "Hellenistic monarchic" elements on Roman coins, while Tiberian coins of the end of Augustus’ reign still have strong "Republican" elements. I argue, however, that, after a ’false start’ before 27 BC, the decisive shift towards "monarchic" typology occurred after 19 BC.
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Wilkins, James. "An evaluation of portable X-ray fluorescence on applied blue faience glazes : a study using replicate glazes of the Late, Ptolemaic and Roman period in Egypt." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2019. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/118081/.
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This thesis presents a systematic evaluation of energy dispersive hand-held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) on the semi-quantitative net peak analysis (NPA) of Late, Ptolemaic and Roman Period (644 BC to AD 395) faience from Egypt. The study develops a non-destructive protocol in the analysis of faience glazes using HH-XRF, a relatively recent technological innovation in cultural heritage. The benefits (e.g. portable, non-destructive, non-radiological source (i.e. X-ray tube)) and limitations (e.g. depth of analysis, layered analytes (i.e. glaze on body)) of HH-XRF are examined. Replicated faience glazes were produced as a part of the HH-XRF evaluation. Glaze recipes were derived from the literature involving experimental archaeology and instrumental analysis. One body and three glaze batches were produced that were aesthetically and structurally similar to the archaeological material. The glaze batches were fired on raw and bisque-fired bodies in a raw and prefritted state to produce 30 replicated glaze samples. The HH-XRF parameters (e.g. voltage, current, acquisition time) were evaluated using Corning Glass B as the known analyte. Optimum results were based on a compromise (bivariate coefficient) between high precision (Cv) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Multivariate statistics were explored providing the optimal methods for data preparation and analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis, principle component analysis and K-means analysis. The HH-XRF (NPA) measurements for high (40 kV) and low (15 kV) voltages combined with multivariate statistics successfully discerned the three replicated faience glaze sets. A small case study of faience glazed sherds from Saqqara were examined and analysed using the optimally determined settings to illustrate HH-XRF use on archaeological material. The results categorized the faience into 5 groupings (with subgroups) based on composition. The project was designed to help field archaeologist and others responsible for the study and care of faience objects by providing steps that can be utilized in the field or in a laboratory setting using materials and tools that are readily accessible. This is especially useful in places like Egypt where there are on-going excavations but exportation of artefacts is difficult to impossible and importation of radiological sources is highly regulated.
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Pearson, Elizabeth Hazel. "The development of army administration in the Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-army-administration-in-the-roman-republic(5ad7587e-18e8-4dcd-8fc6-52a32717213b).html.
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The study of Roman military administration has largely been limited to the Prinicipate following the discovery of documents at Vindolanda and Dura-Europos. The origin of this administration is either attributed to Augustus’ military reforms or considered older but irrecoverable based on a perceived lack of evidence. This thesis aims to demonstrate that, far from irrecoverable, it is possible to reconstruct the development of a relatively complex and well-structured bureaucratic system supporting the army during the Middle Republic. This bureaucracy developed in parallel with the military as the scale and scope of Rome’s wars increased during the period, and is reflected in the evolution of an administrative complex on the south-eastern slope of the Capitol. It is argued that in Rome and within the legion detailed records were kept and, within reason, every effort was made to keep them as accurate as possible. The Capitol functioned as the administrative hub, where census declarations and the census list, stored in the atrium Libertatis, served as the central authority for military records. Other military documents kept in the aerarium Saturni provided support. Lists such as the tabulae iuniorum were created from the census records, with exemptions and served terms noted. From these, legion lists with the same details could be created by military tribunes or scribae at the dilectus, the military recruitment levy, in the area Capitolina. One copy of this list was taken with the legion, and from 204 BC another was left in Rome. These parallel documents enabled a degree of cooperation between the administrative authorities within the legions and at Rome. The legion lists allowed commanders (or their subordinates) to act as devolved satellite bureaucracies, with more exact information from being on the spot. Frequent letters and embassies from the legions to the senate meant that these satellites could communicate not only their tactical position but also administrative information. In the field, legion lists provided commanders with a record of their men. Additional information on rank was added once the legion was organised. Using this list the quaestor calculated the pay for each individual, marking the separate deductions to be made from each soldier. Commanders took care to keep the record of their numbers accurate, noting casualties in as much detail as time and injuries allowed. This information was transmitted to the senate in order to keep the legions up to strength, not only by replacing casualties but also those who had served the ideal maximum term of six years. Overly long service was for the most part thus avoided. It appears that every effort was made to keep the records as up-to-date as possible, but it was recognised that errors could occur. The lustra conducted by new generals provided the opportunity to correct any omissions or mistakes as well as ritually purifying the army under a new commander. The emergency levy circumvented any errors in the census so that Rome could mobilise effectively in a crisis. It was not Augustan invention but these Mid-Republican developments which presaged the bureaucratic system known under the Principate.
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Fan, Chiang Shih-Cong. "Urban civilians' experiences in the Romano-Persian wars, 502-591 CE." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/urban-civilians-experiences-in-the-romanopersian-wars-502591-ce(61c22265-4311-4679-9d94-f39f40417cf3).html.
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This thesis studies the wartime experience of the Empire's urban civilians in the six-century Persian wars. While many researchers have been conducted to examine Romano-Persian relations, civilians' fates in the armed conflicts between these great powers were greatly neglected. This dimension deserves more attention to shed new light on the relationship between Rome and Persia and the nature of warfare in classical antiquity. This thesis is divided into three parts. In chapter 1, both a sketch of major political and military events of the Roman Near East and a brief review of the late antique intellectual backgrounds are provided. Chapter 2 aims to investigate how late antique and medieval writers presented and described civilians' wartime experiences. The results show that they not only shared the same language stock with their predecessors, but also adopted certain allusions and motifs in their works. Roman civilians' fates are examined thematically from chapter 3 onwards. Whereas many of them were killed, the blockade of a city lead to famine and cannibalism. Meanwhile, cases of sexual violence were reported by authors from different literary milieux. Also, the inhabitants' possessions and building were either destroyed or removed. Different types of population movements in wartime are investigated in chapters 4 and 5. Some Romans took refuge outside their hometown or escaped to other places, while certain notables were detained as hostages. The victorious Persians captured many survivors and transported them to different places. In the end, chapter 6 includes both a synthesis of Roman civilians' wartime experiences and an explanation for these phenomena. Whereas many cities were either besieged or threatened, it is shown that the the Romans' fates in these conflicts were variable and affected by interaction of various factors such as the Sasanids' strategies and the responses of the Empire's authorities.
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Hughes, Trystan Owain. "The Roman Catholic Church and society in Wales 1916-62." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-roman-catholic-church-and-society-in-wales-191662(43b193f0-fb93-4635-9446-d45abd9e9545).html.
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The progress of the Roman Catholic Church in Wales under a succession of able bishops between 1916 and 1962 was striking. The Church grew in strength, stature, and confidence. The expansion in the number of its adherents was largely due to continuing immigration from Ireland, England and the Continent. Although conversions from among the native population certainly occurred, they helped the Catholic cause only minimally. Furthermore, like the other Welsh denominations, the Church found itself in a constant struggle to retain its existing faithful. The growth of the Church in the Principality was one of the primary reasons why hostility and prejudice against Catholicism continued unabated down to the early 1960s. At a local level, the initial opposition to the re-emer gence of Catholicism was undramatic and soon subsided. In the wider sphere, however, animosity remained virulent. In denominational newspapers and conferences, ministers, clergymen and prominent laymen revealed deep anti-Catholic dispositions. Many reacted directly to the growth of the Church by warning fellow Welshmen of the insidious intentions of Rome and its Fascio-political threat. Others vehemently attacked Catholic belief and practice. The Catholic Church's unceasin g attempts to establish its own educational system in Wales became an ideal channel into which these prejudices were directed. While hostility remained fervent throughout the period, underlying_ it was the clear, yet gradual, acceptance of the Roman Catholic Church by the people of Wales. By 1962 the Church had achieved an accepted, and indeed revered, position among the Welsh denominations. The effect of increasing general tolerance, the wide-scale adoption of ecumenical ideals, and respect both for individual Catholics and for their promotion of social, moral and cultural issues, all helped transform the attitude of Welsh society towards the Church.
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Pirone, Frederick S. "Trade, Interaction and Change: Trace Elemental Characterization of Maltese Neolithic to Middle Bronze Age Ceramics Using a Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6930.
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The insular nature of the Maltese archipelago provides a unique opportunity to explore trade and cultural change from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ages in the central Mediterranean. I hypothesize that, during the period in which the Maltese islands were experiencing a form of isolation—owing either to their distance from Sicily and other populated regions, to the collective formation of an inwardly-focused culture, or to a combination of these factors—it is unlikely that pottery played a significant role as either an import or export in the archipelago’s exchange relationships with other communities in the central Mediterranean. I accordingly propose that ceramics were only significant in the interaction networks between Malta and its neighbors during periods when the archipelago was culturally connected to Sicily.
Except for a limited number of archaeometric studies (Barone et al. 2015; Molitor 1988; Mommsen et al. 2006), analysis of similarities among ceramic wares produced in Malta and elsewhere that allow archaeologists to draw conclusions about the nature of Malta’s connectivity to other communities has been based on macroscopic observation. The present study builds on the few archaeometric studies by determining the provenance of ceramic samples based on their trace elemental composition. Included in this study were both clay samples and ceramic artifacts representing each of Malta’s chronological phases from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ages.
Specifically, in order to address the question of the role that pottery played in the prehistoric trade of the Maltese islands, 392 Maltese ceramic sherds were analyzed using a Bruker III-V handheld portable X-ray fluorescence device, which revealed the relative abundance of six trace elements, namely thorium, rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, and niobium. The trace elemental composition of the Maltese pottery was compared with that of 18 Sicilian ceramic sherds and clay samples from both Malta and Sicily.
The results of this research support my hypothesis in part, suggesting that neither ceramics nor raw clay materials played a significant role in overseas trade during Malta’s period of cultural isolation, which extended from the Ġgantija phase to the end of the Tarxien phase. On the other hand, ceramics played a more active role in Malta’s interaction networks during periods of connectivity with Sicily, for instance in the Neolithic Age. This study also provides the first chemical evidence that Malta exported pottery to Sicily during the Bronze Age and that Malta’s contact with Mycenaeans was indirect in nature. The findings presented here thus contribute to understanding Malta’s role in trade and interaction networks from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ages and point to new approaches to exploring the cultural change that becomes apparent in the Maltese Temple Period.
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Alston, Richard. "The Roman Army in Egypt, 31 B.C. to A.D. 212." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1991. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-roman-army-in-egypt-31-bc-to-ad-212(fbbdf08d-3248-4b84-8af0-a5edce5dc2ba).html.
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Pollock, Karen. "The evolution and role of burial practice in Roman Wales." Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-evolution-and-role-of-burial-practice-in-roman-wales(e6fe3c83-ead2-4c24-912a-741892085000).html.
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This thesis is concerned with what the archaeological record can tell us about the modes of burial and attendant rituals that were carried out in Wales during the Roman period. The initial rationale for undertaking this research was to draw attention to this largely untapped area of study. Thus the principal aim was to draw together the burial evidence into a comprehensive and coherent whole, in order to show the extent and type of Romano-British burials in Wales. This objective has been met by the production of a database, a corpus of burial evidence derived from over 100 sites, which has made it possible to examine the various grave treatments, chronology and geographical distribution of different burial rites. By evaluating the evidence from pre-conquest Wales and comparing it with the Romano-British data, it has also been possible to detect rites that appear to have had their roots in indigenous practice. Collectively, the evidence from both Iron Age and post-conquest Wales has shed new light on the evolution and role of burial practice in Roman Wales.
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Leggio, Daniele Viktor. "Lace avilen ko radio : Romani language and identity on the Internet." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lace-avilen-ko-radio-romani-language-and-identity-on-the-internet(c7630912-9b8e-42f5-9017-b1f0898fc2c6).html.
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The fall of the Eastern Block, the dissolution of former Yugoslavia and the subsequent enlargement of the European Union to include former socialist countries contributed to an increase in the movement of people from Eastern to Western Europe which began about a decade earlier. Among them, the Roma are probably the most clearly recognizable group and surely the ones that received, and keep receiving, more media attention. While their presence in the media as subjects of discussion is a topic worth analyzing, the present work is about their presence in a particular medium, the Internet, as actors and producers of content. As a population of Indian origin spread across Europe over the past five centuries, Roma have often been regarded as a diaspora. Ethnographic studies about diasporas and their usage of the Internet have often described diasporic websites as discoursive spaces in which new, hydrid identities are negotiated and stereotyping and marginalizing discourses about diasporic subjects are challenged. The role of languages in these websites, however, has often been neglected. On the other hand, sociolinguistic studies have highlighted how the Internet provides a space for vernacular language usage in which the relaxation of language norms and users’ creativity play a crucial role in overcoming the limitations in text transmission imposed by the medium. A partial bridge between these two trends of studies has been provided by the analysis of code-switching in diasporic websites, which has shown how meaningful language alternation is used to flag users’ hybrid identities. The study of the relationship between diasporic languages and identities on the Internet clearly appears to be in its infancy and only few case studies have looked at the interactions between each diaspora’s specific cultural and sociolinguistic settings and the usage of the Internet. Furthermore, many diasporas, including the Roma, speak unwritten languages which have not been or are just starting to be standardized. Processes of language standardization have always involved both identity and language policies and have often been pivotal in struggles for nationhood or minority rights recognition. While so far such processes tended to be mostly centralized and top-down, the Internet is offering a space for the spontaneous transition from orality to literacy. Thus, analyzing the interaction between diasporic, non-standardized languages and the identities of their speakers as manifested on the Internet can provide new insights into the relations between diasporic languages and identities and into language standardization processes. The present work investigates these issues by analyzing the on-line usage of Romani, the Indic language spoken by many Roma. The study draws on data collected through an online ethnography from Radio Romani Mahala, a website created and used by the recently dispersed community of the Mitrovica Roma. The data are analyzed both qualitatively, using discourse analytic methods, and quantitatively, using traditional sociolinguistic approaches. Combining such approaches allows drawing a nuanced picture of the phenomena under observation accounting both for micro level, individual patterns of usage and macro level trends shared by all users involved. Particular attention is also paid to the emerging Romani spelling and the role played by individual users in the establishment of shared writing norms. The interdisciplinarity of this approach will show how the interplay between diasporic identities and attitudes, non-standard language ideologies and the possibilities offered by the Internet is leading to effective language codification without the intervention of a central authority and outside the frame of any nation-state policy. Such findings call for a re-thinking of current notions on linguistic human rights. Based on the viability of the Romani model, I thus propose a theory of linguistic pluralism in trans-national contexts centred around the notion of cosmopolitan sociabilities, non-utilitarian, everyday interactions creating open and inclusive relations across and even despite perceived cultural divides.
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Garcia, Ehrenfeld Claudio. "Lucian's Hermotimus. : essays about philosophy and satire in Greek literature of the Roman Empire." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lucians-hermotimus(508a8ae4-45a7-4230-b365-dd65ecf82a59).html.
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This dissertation considers the interaction between philosophy and satire in Greek literature of the Roman Empire through a detailed study of Lucian's Hermotimus. The argument is divided into three parts. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 show that recent studies of the dialogue value it according to two distinct ethic and aesthetic scholarly traditions (developmentalist and unitarian) which find themselves in opposition when defining the value of scepticism in Lucianic literature. Chapters 4 and 5 address the form of the Hermotimus, and argue that despite its aporetic tendencies its main character, Lycinus, gives a moral message. Chapters 6 and 7 examine the ways in which the Hermotimus is a parody of protreptic literature and invites its readers not to live in any particular way, but to think about the rhetoric of other protrepic and aporetic philosophical texts of the second century AD. In the dissertation’s conclusion some guidelines to reading the Hermotimus as a destabilizing aischrologic text are presented.
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Castandet, Stephanie. "Matériaux et décors colorés dans l'abbatiale Cluny III : approche archéométrique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2015/document.
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L’étude des matériaux et des décors colorés de l’abbatiale Cluny III s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Gunzo (Arts et Métiers ParisTech – Cluny) qui avait pour but la valorisation du patrimoine clunisien par l'intermédiaire des technologies numériques en réalité virtuelle. Un des axes de ce projet était d’élaborer une restitution virtuelle de la Maior Ecclesia en recréant une architecture la plus proche possible de la réalité à l’aide de l’étude des vestiges et des sources iconographiques et historiques qui nous sont parvenus associée aux recherches archéologiques les plus récentes. Outre l’architecture, il s’agissait également de proposer une restitution des décors de l’abbatiale et de son ambiance colorée. Nous avons concentré nos recherches, dans ce travail doctoral, sur les fragments de vitraux archéologiques mis au jour sur les sites de Cluny et de Paray-le-Monial, ainsi que sur les polychromies des fragments lapidaires du portail roman de Cluny, par une approche archéométrique. Les vitraux sont des éléments filtrants qui modulent la lumière tant en quantité qu’en coloration et jouent donc un rôle important dans la création d’une ambiance lumineuse et colorée. Les décors polychromes participent également à l’amélioration et la coloration de l’éclairement. De plus la connaissance des matériaux d’origine est préalable à toute restitution virtuelle en raison de la possible altération des pigments ou des décors métalliques (modification de la couleur) et d’éventuels repeints pouvant induire des changements de parti coloré.Une grande majorité des fragments de verre ont été mis au jour dans des contextes de remblais limitant leur datation à une approche typo-chronologique. Les classifications archéologiques élaborées ont été confrontées aux résultats d’analyses physico-chimiques qui nous ont permis d’affiner la datation de certains fragments et nous ont apporté de nombreux détails techniques. En ce qui concerne le portail de la Maior Ecclesia, qui occupe une place centrale dans l’art roman, nous avons précisé l’image de ce « puzzle lapidaire » tant au niveau de l’iconographie que de la polychromie. L’analyse physico-chimique des restes colorés a permis d’identifier les différents matériaux mis en œuvre dans la décoration du portail. Nous avons pu observer quatre phases polychromes, l’utilisation de pigments coûteux et l’abondance des décors métalliques.Nous avons ainsi contribué à la compréhension des décors colorés de l’abbatiale clunisienne. Cette étude représente une étape dans la compréhension d’un patrimoine archéologique qui, tôt ou tard, sera enrichi ; rappelons en effet qu’une partie des fragments de l’abbatiale est encore enfouieThe study of materials and coloured decors of the abbey-church Cluny III is part of the Gunzo project (Arts et Métiers ParisTech – Cluny) which led the research and the promotion of the cluniac heritage thanks to digital technologies and virtual reality. This interdisciplinary team worked on the creation of a new digital model of the Maior Ecclesia, according to the latest scientific research, including the archaeological excavations and the study of the documentary and iconographic sources. Besides the architecture, it was also to propose a restoration of the decors of the abbey-church and its colourful atmosphere.The research in this doctoral work is focused on the fragments of archeological glass windows excavated in the sites of Cluny and Paray-le-Monial, as well as on the polychromies of the lapidary fragments of the Great Portal of Cluny using an archaeometric approach. The stained glass windows are filter elements that modulate the light in quantity and in colour. As such, they play a key role in creating a luminous and colourful atmosphere. The polychrome decors also contribute to the improvement and coloration of the lighting. Moreover, knowing the original materials is a prerequisite for any virtual restoration because of the possible alteration of pigments or metal decorations (color change) and possible repaints which can induce changes in colourful design.A large majority of glass fragments were excavated in the ruins of the churches, restricting their dating to a typo-chronological approach. The archaeological classifications performed from the relative chronology, typology and appearance of the vitreous material were compared with results of physicochemical analyses. These helped to refine the dating of certain fragments and identified many technical details. With regard to the portal of the Maior Ecclesia, which occupies a central place in the Romanesque art, the picture of this "lapidary puzzle" in iconography and in polychromy has been clarified. The characterization of the colourful remains has enabled identification of the different materials used in the decoration of the portal. Four polychrome phases, the use of expensive pigments and abundance of metal decorations were observed.In this way, this research has contributed to the understanding of the colourful decors of the Maior Ecclesia. This study represents a stage in the comprehension of an archaeological heritage which, sooner or later, will be further enhanced. It is important to remember that fragments of the abbey-church remain buried
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Watson, Alaric. "The presentation of Imperial authority : problems of continuity in the mid-third century AD." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-presentation-of-imperial-authority--problems-of-continuity-in-the-midthird-century-ad(f55a4fdd-a7aa-4c77-a3c9-7cd6980fcbf5).html.
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Matthew, Robert. "Frater, soror, contubernalis : greedy institutions and identity relationships in the auxiliary military communities of the northern frontier of Roman Britain in the first and second centuries A.D." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/frater-soror-contubernalis-greedy-institutions-and-identity-relationships-in-the-auxiliary-military-communities-of-the-northern-frontier-of-roman-britain-in-the-first-and-second-centuries-ad(bf8148d4-2950-4222-aaf4-9f0c5126cee7).html.
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This thesis is a reassessment of the concept of the ‘fort community’ and analysis of the people who dwelled within it, utilising archaeological evidence from the northern frontier of Roman Britain. Traditional approaches which have focused on military functions or on military-civilian dichotomies cannot provide a full account of discrepant identities (Mattingly 2011). A holistic approach which acknowledges and incorporates non-military activities can provide an important alternative perspective into how the inhabitants of Roman fort communities related to one another. The thesis utilises Lewis Coser’s concept of the ‘greedy institution’ (1974) to resituate the imbalance of power affecting identity within the Roman military. The discussion is framed within nested layers of identity and community. In the first chapter, a historical overview of Roman military scholarship is presented that contextualises the current archaeological climate and illustrates key issues of bias. Three core forms of identity are analysed in the second chapter in the context of the Roman auxilia; socio-cultural, gender, and ethnicity. This discussion positions the auxiliaries as a group both empowered and subjugated, consisting of ‘martial races’ exploited within a military role. In the third chapter, the textual evidence for identity on the northern frontier is analysed, using epigraphy and the Vindolanda tablets. Within these the discrepant identities of members of the fort communities are identified. In the fourth chapter, I analyse the architectural underpinnings of military identity through an examination of the development and ideology of the ‘standard plan’ fort. In the fifth chapter, I analyse the material evidence for the habitus of fort community life, focusing on three activity contexts; military display, craft and industry, and bodily consumption. The thesis concludes by assessing the strengths of the ‘greedy institution’ approach and outlining its significance with regards to future research.
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Plant, Irene Elizabeth. "Ancient drama : stagecraft and signcraft." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ancient-drama--stagecraft-and-signcraft(d99beb86-ebb2-4f7d-8f0d-10f923015ec9).html.
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Anemodouris, Ilias. "Declamatory ludism and Senecan characterisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/declamatory-ludism-and-senecan-characterisation(e7ae3290-3916-4e59-9b7c-f35ccec2f9af).html.
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This thesis attempts to identify and analyse the influence of the tradition of declamation on characterisation in the dramatic compositions of the Stoic philosopher Seneca. Two argumentative lines structure this thesis: the first relates to a concept of ludism, which is argued to help re-visit declamatory rhetoric, and re-appreciate its functions in Roman society. The second one is twofold: first, that the concept of ludism - in the ways in which it is argued to be applicable to declamatory rhetoric - can describe effectively the influence of declamation on Senecan characterisation; and second, that it may allow us to re-visit the issue of the place of Senecan characterisation within the whole of Seneca’s philosophical writings, by putting into relief an educative function of Senecan characterisation.
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Harker, Andrew John. "Loyalty and dissidence in Roman Egypt : the case of the Acta Alexandrinorum." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/loyalty-and-dissidence-in-roman-egypt--the-case-of-the-acta-alexandrinorum(b56e5994-684e-4acb-ad95-9c4f378848ee).html.
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Oh, Boon-Leong. "The social and religious setting of Galatians." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-social-and-religious-setting-of-galatians(66ba855d-ccf2-48b1-a9d3-108c1bce6bef).html.
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Tsironis, Niki J. "The lament of the Virgin Mary from Romanos the Melode to George of Nicodemia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-lament-of-the-virgin-mary-from-romanos-the-melode-to-george-of-nicodemia(c652c3c6-3d01-41c8-be4a-a575ae733a05).html.
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Theodore, John Michael. "The decline and fall of the Roman Empire as a modern cultural myth." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-decline-and-fall-of-the-roman-empire-as-a-modern-cultural-myth(944e9717-6d73-4dbb-9c72-97504460c31b).html.
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For this study, I am investigating the “decline and fall” of Rome, as represented in British and American culture and thought, from the late nineteenth through the early twenty-first centuries. It is my argument that the “decline and fall” of Rome is no straightforward historical fact, but a “myth” in the academic sense coined by Claude Lévi-Strauss, meaning not a “falsehood” but a complex social and ideological construct. It represents the fears of European and American thinkers as they confront the perceived instability and pitfalls of the civilization to which they belonged. The material I have gathered illustrates the value of the decline and fall as a spatiotemporal concept, rather than a historical event - even when most of its popular and intellectual representations characterises it as such. I am therefore inquiring into the ways in which writers, filmmakers and the media have conceptualized this “decline”; and the parallels they have drawn, deliberately or unconsciously, with their contemporary world. My work fits into a broader collection of studies examining the continuing impact of the Greco-Roman heritage on our cultural and ideological horizons. However, though the representation of antiquity is a fast-growing field of scholarly inquiry, the theme of this project has been little examined. I am critical of the standard model of the “sociology of representation” in history, which holds that such media is almost exclusively a vehicle to articulate contemporary concerns, and which omits the recurring role of deeper, underlying historical and cultural narratives. When I consider the “decline and fall,” it instead becomes apparent how the present is adapted to fit the enduring tropes of the past.
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Ban, Kee Hyun. "Winning 'hearts and minds'? : the Roman Army in the eastern provinces under the Principate (27 BCE - 284 CE)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/winning-hearts-and-minds(a2e049d5-e147-491d-a2cb-516f5b04e597).html.
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My thesis investigates whether the Roman authorities had any policies or practices in employing and deploying their armed forces to win the hearts and minds of the population in the eastern provinces under the Principate (27 BCE - 284 CE) as kind of military strategy for exploiting their human and material resources to confront the Arsacid - Sassanid empire. Chapter 1 explains this aim with reference to previous scholarship. In chapter 2, I update and review the data for the provenance of soldiers. I argue that the hypothesis of increasing ʻlocalisation’ in the pattern of recruiting soldiers is wrong. Military units in the eastern provinces always depended largely on the recruits from Italy, Africa and the Danube, as well as from the other eastern provinces. Chapter 3 investigates the processes of recruitment and veteran settlement, and argues that the Romans had a strategic aim to strengthen social integration between soldiers and civilians. This is supported by a case study of the Roman garrison at Syene in Egypt. Chapter 4 argues that the logistics system of the Roman armed forces and their military presence within or near urban areas did not hinder the economic growth of the eastern provinces. The Roman government took action against the abuse of requisitions. As in the West, Roman military occupation brought some economic benefit. Chapter 5 shows the changing image of Roman soldiers in imperial Greek literature from invaders to guardians. Greek elites began to view themselves as part of the empire and to distinguish between insiders (Romans) and outsiders (barbarians). Provincials thought of Roman soldiers as more effective and reliable than their municipal police. Chapter 6 argues that, as part of their military strategy, the Romans used the propaganda that their emperor was a Roman Alexander who confronted the Parthian threat to protect his subjects in the East. This seems to have had some success in uniting the various eastern nations to support and serve in Rome’s military domination of their territories. All these actions would have been impossible without a strategic intention to win the hearts and minds of the population in the eastern provinces.
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Heath, Christopher Timothy. "Narrative structures in the works of Paul the Deacon." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/narrative-structures-in-the-works-of-paul-the-deacon(9c4d4231-7196-4449-a89d-ee3bb8bca1d5).html.
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Paul the Deacon wrote at a time when the Regnum Langobardorum was on the cusp of downfall and attachment to the Carolingian empire. Paul’s narratives (the Historia Langobardorum in particular) have become vital sources for Italian medieval history and a window on the world of the eighth century in the West. Recent approaches to Paul have projected modern perceptions onto his works in the quest to identify his politico-ethnic viewpoint. Consequently his personal ‘voice’ has been lost in modern treatments. The narrative structure of his work, and analysis of the kind of dramatic events that interested him, are areas that have hitherto been largely ignored by scholars. This thesis seeks to provide the context for both Paul’s Life and Works and to present an analysis of what it was that Paul actually said rather than trying to conjure an analysis from what he did not say. It will demonstrate that there is not only a ‘multi-vocality’ within the works of Paul, but links, connections, even contradictions that in themselves serve to present and show Paul’s singularity as both a writer and an individual in challenging times for both him personally and for Italy generally. Yet analysing Paul by using Paul alone is a teleological cul-de-sac and thus this thesis will seek to compare his narrative approach with that of other early medieval authors.
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McFarlane, Fiona Ann. "The decorative use of water at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli and its Ancient Roman context." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-decorative-use-of-water-at-hadrians-villa-tivoli-and-its-ancient-roman-context(21279669-21cd-4a17-9aee-3f64cc446257).html.
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Lundock, Jason Richard. "A study of the deposition and distribution of copper alloy vessels in Roman Britain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-the-deposition-and-distribution-of-copper-alloy-vessels-in-roman-britain(1293a995-dedb-4778-88e2-95fdd18281e0).html.
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The following thesis surveys the deposition and distribution of copper alloy vessels in Britain during the Roman period and then applies this data to the study of culture change and the construction of identity in the province during this time. The principal research strategy was to categorize the objects from published sources within four groups based on Depositional Context and to then examine these data-sets for patterns in geographic and temporal distribution, object form and decoration as well as patterns among the findspots where these objects were discovered. The copper alloy vessels themselves are classified using forms and typologies familiar from previous scholarship, though a new system for classifying handled pans was found necessary and is introduced in this thesis. Multiple patterns emerged within Depositional Contexts, Site Types and regional distribution relating to vessel selection and decoration which indicate a variety of practice by diverse peoples. This analysis argues that the principal function of copper alloy vessels in Roman Britain was for ablutions, whereas it has been previously proposed that most vessels were used for dining or drinking services. Additionally, the spread of copper alloy vessels was found to be so wide across the province that it was determined that this commodity was utilized and adapted by much of the population of Britain. The conclusions were then applied to the principal paradigms currently ascendant in characterizing culture change in the province. It was found that the predominant theories, which largely rely upon a dualistic view of cultural aggression and resistance, are insufficient to characterize the complex interaction between cultures in Britain and the development of an integrated and fluid material culture as expressed through the repertoire, deposition and distribution of copper alloy vessels evident during the Roman period in Britain.
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Chapman, Victoria. "Passives and impersonals on evidence from Romance dialects of Italy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/passives-and-impersonals-on-evidence-from-romance-dialects-of-italy(2c434abf-2d43-4646-9bd3-fea726688d97).html.
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This study investigates passive and impersonal constructions in three Romance dialects of Italy: Sicilian, Abruzzese and Tuscan. The aim of this investigation is twofold: one the one hand I aim to contribute to the documentation of the dialects of Italy, and on the other, I aim to build on existing theories on passive and impersonal constructions. Whilst there is to date no detailed discussion of passive structures in Italo- Romance dialects, works such as Cennamo (1997), Ledgeway (2009) and Rohlfs (1969) suggest that passive structures are unpopular in the dialects of Italy. I explore the extent to which the passive is rejected in each dialect, and, where it is not used, which constructions are used in its place. From the data I have collected on passive constructions in these three dialects, a pattern emerges: the acceptability of the passive directly relates to the transitivity of the verb. Whilst the tolerance of the passive varies from dialect to dialect, one consistent result is that passives are affected by the ranking of the verb on the Transitivity Hierarchy (Hopper and Thompson 1980) and its entailments. This thesis presents interesting findings on si impersonals, uno, third person plural impersonals and the Abruzzese nome, which of particular interest, and which I claim is an impersonal clitic, that holds a plural feature. Throughout my discussion of impersonals, I develop a hierarchy of impersonals, which is based on the semantic features (+/- referential, +/- definite, +/- irrealis) of each impersonal type. This hierarchy captures all of the impersonal types found in the three dialects, and allows for cross-dialectal analysis. I present novel findings relating to the Tuscan first person plural impersonal si and the split in its usage, which, to my knowledge has not yet been discussed in the relevant literature. The data show that Tuscan first person plural impersonal si can be used with transitive and unergative verbs but not with unaccusatives. I propose a reason for this split, which is based on what I term agreement features (person, number, gender). As well as providing a detailed analysis of each impersonal type, I attempt to refine existing definitions of impersonals and propose that all types of impersonal constructions can be defined by their deficiency in one of the three agreement features, in other words, they are âfeature deficient constructions'.
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Jenkins, Kirsty Marie. "Ridikulus! : a comparative study of Roman comedy and Kyōgen through their techniques of fear-alleviation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ridikulus-a-comparative-study-of-roman-comedy-and-kygen-through-their-techniques-of-fearalleviation(6544c5de-9b8e-434e-b3e5-14a3d28ef4a1).html.
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There is a tendency amongst scholars to view comedic elements common to Roman Comedy, such as the tricky subordinate or the nagging wife, as part of a developing Western Comedic Tradition. The appearance of these characters in Medieval Japanese Kyōgen, a comedic art-form unconnected with Western Comedy, challenges this viewpoint and suggests that they are part of a wider comedic identity. This thesis compares and contrasts Roman Comedy and Kyōgen through their techniques of fear-alleviation, exploring the manner in which each culture addresses social anxieties. The first chapter explores the comedic master-slave/servant relationship through the medium of the tricky slave/servant. It examines how the motif of the tricky subordinate is used to alleviate contemporary fears of authority figures. Chapter 2 considers the other half of this relationship, focusing on authority’s fear of rebellion and how this is addressed through the loyal and/or stupid slave/servant. Chapter 3 explores the depiction of religious and supernatural figures in the two comedic forms and examines the methods by which these awe-inspiring beings are portrayed humorously and rendered harmless. The fourth chapter reflects on the treatment of illness in Roman Comedy and Kyōgen. It discusses how contemporary social anxieties regarding blind men (Medieval Japan) and the stigma of insanity and epilepsy (Rome) are alleviated through the humorous comedic depiction of blind and insane/epileptic characters. Chapter 5 explores the comedic presentation of professional figures. This chapter contrasts the boastful character of the comedic soldier of Roman Comedy with the braggart priest of Kyōgen. In Chapter 6, the focus is on the misogynistic treatment of wives in both comedic art-forms. This chapter explores contemporary fear of wives and how this fear is alleviated through their negative portrayal in comedy. This thesis finds that there is a strong correlation between Roman Comedy and Kyōgen, both in the types of social anxiety which they seek to alleviate and the methods by which they seek to accomplish this. It also finds that the motif of the tricky subordinate and the nagging wife are not just Western phenomena but that they are also present in the Eastern Comic Tradition. The comparison of Roman Comedy with Kyōgen, an unrelated comedic form, leads to an enhanced understanding of the role which these characters play in alleviating social anxiety. It also enables the consideration of stock characters in Roman comedy from a wider viewpoint, presenting an opportunity for scholars to re-evaluate characters such as the tricky subordinate and the nagging wife as products of a wider, universal comic tradition.
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Peterman, Gerald Walter. "Giving and receiving in Paul's Epistles : Greco-Roman social conventions in Philippians and selected Pauline texts." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/giving-and-receiving-in-pauls-epistles--grecoroman-social-conventions-in-philippians-and-selected-pauline-texts(448b7908-cff7-4a2b-9bd9-1d56610df5e9).html.
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Poulson, Anna Louise. "An examination of the ethics of contraception with reference to recent Protestant and Roman Catholic thought." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-examination-of-the-ethics-of-contraception-with-reference-to-recent-protestant-and-roman-catholic-thought(f20ad0c1-2706-416f-bf6f-b95f901e888c).html.
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Parlby, Geri. "What can art tell us about the cult of the Virgin Mary in the early Roman Church? : a re-evaluation of the evidence for Marian images in Late Antiquity." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2010. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/what-can-art-tell-us-about-the-cult-of-the-virgin-mary-in-the-early-roman-church(5d8d4110-45a7-4da2-9d67-95a87c7b1f63).html.
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The purpose of this thesis is to re-evaluate the evidence of Marian images in Rome in late antiquity. It argues that centuries of misreading the iconography of Paleo-Christian art has produced unreliable evidence of an early Marian cult in the Roman Church. Surviving examples of images previously identified as Mary are compared with other forms of representation and personification alongside goddess images from around the Roman world. The conflicts present within the emergent Roman Church and the influence they may have had on the developing artistic traditions are re-considered, with particular emphasis on the iconography of the ‘Adoration of the Magi’. Powerful female figures such as martyr saints and widows are presented as more popular models of early Christian womanhood. In particular virgin martyrs, the eroticisation of whose cult with its sado-masochistic tendencies, catered for a Roman society still deeply influenced by its appetite for violent games and sports. The thesis also examines images identified as Mary, but much more probably originally intended as ecclesia and explores the role of Christ as the bridegroom to ecclesia, the martyrs and the consecrated virgins. It goes on to argue that the growing issue of anti-Judaism in the emergent Roman Church had a particular effect on how Mary was perceived by church leaders.
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Dolezalova, Marketa. "Czech and Slovak Roma in Leeds : escaping exceptionality, remaining Roma." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/czech-and-slovak-roma-in-leeds-escaping-exceptionality-remaining-roma(efadde1f-1b30-465c-beda-37d2510894b1).html.
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Roma in former Czechoslovakia have historically experienced economic and political marginalisation and been treated and portrayed as inferior to ethnic Czechs and Slovaks. Roma thereby became perceived as different from non-Roma citizens, as not belonging to the Czech or Slovak nation, as an 'exception'. The post-socialist transition produced economic precarity, new inequalities, and a climate of rising nationalist sentiments in Central and Eastern Europe. The perception of Roma as not having the same rights as ethnic Czechs or Slovaks to access state care became even more salient than during the socialist period. Following the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, Roma are now able to move freely across EU borders and to find employment and settle in the United Kingdom. Migration to the UK, including Leeds, offered Roma new economic opportunities as well as the promise of escaping ethnic stigmatisation. It seemed to offer the possibility to lead what I refer to as a 'normal life' as equal citizens. This thesis is based on ethnographic research among Czech and Slovak Roma in Leeds. It reveals the processes that contribute to Roma becoming defined as an exception after migrating to Leeds, and looks at the ways in which Roma resist this. It recounts the interactions that Roma have with different aspects of state care, namely welfare provision, services and projects aimed at improving the well-being of Roma, and with non-Roma Czech and Slovak interpreters. Some Roma in Leeds have converted to a Roma Pentecostal Church, the Life and Light. In this thesis I argue that by providing material support to Roma, both converts and non-converts, and through a narrative that Roma are a lost tribe of Israel, the Church constructs Roma as a moral collectivity and subverts their position of inferiority and 'exceptionality'. The Church provides a way for Roma to be respectable, to live with dignity and to have what they understand to be a 'normal' life, whilst retaining their Roma identity.
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Popescu, Ana-Cristina. "Headteachers and the decentralisation of public education in post-communist Romania." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/headteachers-and-the-decentralisation-of-public-education-in-postcommunist-romania(784ae3fa-0a80-48ec-8cd2-04dd66d6f18e).html.
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The project outlined in this thesis examines the ways in which headteachers position themselves as professionals following the shift from communism to neo-liberal markets and the decentralisation of the public education system in post-communist Romania. Following this shift, Romanian headteachers faced new accountability frameworks and witnessed a reconceptualisation of their professional responsibilities. The methodology adopted is policy scholarship because, by looking at decentralisation through a historical-cultural lens, i.e. Romania’s recent history of communism and transition to a more democratic state, it best addresses the three key-research questions. The methods used are official policy documents and interviews with different stakeholders located at three different levels in the Romanian education system. These were: secondary heads and county school inspectors. Four key national policy-makers were also interviewed. In the thesis, the Romanian situation is presented (as captured) in the period 2009-2011. The decentralisation of Romanian education is dichotomous. It is a hybrid between neo-liberalism and communist throwbacks that I call politicised decentralisation. On the one hand, decentralisation and quasi-markets are being introduced into public education at the recommendation of international donors (the World Bank, the European Union). On the other hand, the endurance of communist practices makes it difficult for professionals to adapt to new professional responsibilities and accountability frameworks. A new conceptual framework emerged from the international literature, national policy documents and empirical study and was used to explore the findings. This examines the components, levels and dimensions of decentralisation in education in Romania. The key-findings show the complexities of decentralisation in headteachers’ professional activity. Importantly, the politicisation of the education system is the biggest challenge faced by the interviewees. For example, in 2012 alone there have been three different cabinets and seven ministers of education in the last five years. This has resulted in instability in post at all three levels, not least because with each change in minister both county school inspectors and headteachers are usually replaced. The findings show that new accountability frameworks emerged and impacted upon headteachers’ relationships with different stakeholders such as inspectors, local authorities, as well as parents and students as consumers of education. This thesis is important in showing how policy implementation and enactment differs depending on the socio-economic, political and cultural context. The conceptual framework developed in the thesis and the findings have relatability for educationalists, policy-makers, practitioners and researchers, both nationally and internationally, especially since the existing empirical base predominantly refers to liberal democracies.
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Cavalheiro, Gabriela Da Costa. ""I ne have none kines thinge" : landscape, space and selected objects in three thirteenth-century insular romances." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/i-ne-have-none-kines-thinge(9a72fe7d-c245-45e3-b7b9-454c733d10ab).html.
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This thesis investigates secular materialities re-signified by a number of secular texts, namely three Middle English romances – King Horn, Havelok the Dane and Bevis of Hampton – and the legal treatise Bracton De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae, forming a compilation of thirteenth century insular sources. Materiality emerges as possessed things, a reading that draws from Bracton's concept of possession, which is then applied to the Middle English narratives, a unique approach to the romances within current and past scholarship. This work is, therefore, framed by an interdisciplinary approach combining current critical readings in archaeological, literary, legal and historical debate. The thesis has a funnelling structure, where chapters focus on different forms of materiality within the texts, starting from the broader context of the landscape (where space is considered as materiality) moving on to castles (‘tur’), chambers (‘bures, chaunbre’) and moveable possessions, such as sartorial objects. While investigated under the scope of a legal concept, that of possession, the materialities under scrutiny are contextualised in regards to other variables such as intimacy, power relations and ideas of identity, all of them related to the secular world, hence revealing secular materialities. Moreover, gender plays a major role as an underlying category of analysis throughout the thesis, where each section unveils different uses and meanings that the texts assign to material things. However, one main argument permeating the entire work is that possession, while implying a sense of ownership and being framed as a kind of relationship, in fact signals a notion of protection.
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Gheorghe, Irina-Oana. "Explaining the persistence of unprofessional bureaucracy in a modernising state : Romanian exceptionalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/explaining-the-persistence-of-unprofessional-bureaucracy-in-a-modernising-stateromanian-exceptionalism(f0797b91-be1d-4142-94e8-a5ebd64f04a0).html.
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There is a tendency in the international literature to generalise about developments and reforms in public administration across groups or types of country, often across those in close geographical proximity. Since the revolutions across Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the late 1980s, this tendency is revealed by various labels: ‘transitory states’, ‘post-communist states’, ‘post-socialist states’, which suggests that they all possess similar characteristics, and thus have similar administrative systems. Furthermore, many of these states are now members of the European Union (EU). However, the CEE countries are on differing reform trajectories; they have not all arrived at the same stage at the same time (some await EU membership; chiefly those in South East Europe). This thesis concentrates on Romania to provide a detailed analysis of its public administration trajectory and contends that is too simplistic to regard Romania as ‘similar’ to its CEE neighbours. Moreover, there is no definitive account of the development of public administration in the country, and this is one contribution that this thesis makes. The thesis engages with institutional theory; both historical and sociological, to provide a framework for analysing the present state of public administration in Romania, characterised as an ‘unprofessional bureaucracy’. The thesis employs the concept of path dependency from the institutionalist framework to explain the lack of change in Romania despite apparently ‘path breaking’ events such as the revolution of 1989 and accession to the EU. The empirical research at the heart of the thesis is based on interviews with members of the bureaucratic and political elites of Romania. The resulting commentary also provides a further important contribution for the thesis as this is the first instance of academic research on public administration in Romania that harnesses such information. By definition, elite interviews are difficult to attain, especially within the political context of Romania. By using institutionalist theory, the thesis clearly explains the current state of public administration in the country, which is far removed from the idealised and internationalised approaches to administrative change typified by reform movements such as New Public Management and Governance.
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Aynaci, Elif. "A change in perspective : a comparison between early Christian literature and Greco-Roman evidence on the lives of Ephesian women." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-change-in-perspective-a-comparison-between-early-christian-literature-and-grecoroman-evidence-on-the-lives-of-ephesian-women(32f788da-d559-4a34-a75e-d429ddb4f3e4).html.
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This thesis argues that Greco-Roman literary and archaeological evidence from Ephesus, in light of Greco-Roman evidence from the wider Asia Minor region, directly affects how we interpret early Christian writings related to Ephesus. We suggest that the early Christian authors employed Greco-Roman cultural elements in their texts in order to build social guidelines for the early Christian community. We will focus on the representation of women in Greco-Roman evidence and early Christian texts and compare the approaches of two sets of evidence. Our aim is to identify the differences and similarities in how these sources present women. The majority of existing scholarship on the subject has been reluctant to employ local archaeological, and to a degree literary Greco-Roman evidence in order to construct a background for the early Christian texts and subsequently interpret them. Either the comments on an early Christian text are based purely on information from directly within the text itself, or a random selection of literary and/or archaeological Greco-Roman evidence is used, with no regard for locality. Moreover, scholarship which does take comparative non-Christian evidence into account has utilised mostly Roman sources, meaning there is a need for a greater consideration of specifically Ephesian evidence in order to better understand the early Christian community there. The aim of this thesis is firstly to argue that local Greco-Roman archaeological and literary evidence provide a contextual basis from which we can properly interpret early Christian texts, and secondly to investigate different aspects of the lives of Greco-Roman Ephesian women. We discuss that the context of an early Christian writing is of vital importance, and, therefore, the evidence which helps to rebuild that context should derive from the text's immediate locale. We will argue that a comparison of the early Christian writings to their Greco-Roman context will reveal a significant similarity between the writings and their surrounding culture, contrary to common scholarly opinion. Proper construction of a text's background can bring fresh interpretations of how early Christian writings portray women. In this respect we will challenge many scholars on their views about subjects raised in the early Christian writings, such as the relationship between the married couple, the status and reputation of widows, the social standing of women, and women's roles as teachers. We will see that employment of Ephesian Greco-Roman evidence for interpretation of the Ephesian early Christian writings will provide perspectives on the texts which have not previously been recognised.
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Regulski, Carol. "The portrayal of zorn in Hartmann von Aue's Arthurian Romances and in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-portrayal-of-zorn-in-hartmann-von-aues-arthurian-romances-and-in-wolfram-von-eschenbachs-parzival(4896fa81-0a0b-42f9-b96c-5e342eff0965).html.
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This thesis examines the portrayal of zorn in Hartmann von Aue’s Erec and Iwein, and in Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival. The opening chapter provides an insight into the meaning of zorn and examines the physical signs, symptoms, and symbols of anger, as well as its theological, moral, and social significance in the Middle Ages. Chapter 2 is devoted to the analysis of zorn in Erec, then in Iwein. Comparison of the two shows how Hartmann’s attitude to anger changes: whereas, in Erec, the hero’s anger can be seen in a positive light, in Iwein, anger is almost always problematic, particularly when associated with female characters. Chapter 3 examines zorn in Parzival under four main headings: the stories of Gahmuret, Parzival, Gawan, and the Narrator. Many of the issues surrounding zorn that surface in the main body of the work are foreshadowed in Books I and II. Anger is not a major issue for Gahmuret, who himself falls prey to a cycle of violence that can be seen to extend forward into the lifetime of his son. Whilst Parzival must learn to control his zorn and appreciate its proper use, Gawan is shown to be exemplary in this respect and to exhibit the qualities of patientia, restraint, and discretion essential to controlling zorn. The zorn of the narrator, which can be glimpsed at various points in the narrative, hints at Wolfram’s personal concern with this emotion, particularly in the context of minne. Finally, a comparison between the two authors shows that Hartmann’s focus is relatively narrow by comparison with Wolfram’s.
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Gkofa, Panagiota. "Greek Roma in higher education : a qualitative investigation of educational success." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/greek-roma-in-higher-education(b46662e1-ad70-4453-9a28-d19801c69b32).html.
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Much of the research that deals with Roma education in Greece concentrates on the high dropout rates and low attainment of this community, contributing towards a negative view of Roma’s educational achievement. In contrast, this study investigates the trajectories of twenty Roma who can be regarded as educationally ‘successful’ as they have all entered higher education. In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were undertaken with these participants to elicit their experiences and accounts of what contributed to their educational success, their perceptions of success and their suggestions on how to improve educational provision for the Roma in Greece. The sample reflects Roma heterogeneity in Greece in terms of socio-economic status, locality and gender in particular. Two theoretical contributions frame this study. Bourdieusian concepts of habitus, capital and field are deployed as key analytical tools to illuminate the participants’ family backgrounds, their pre-university educational experiences and the forms of support that facilitated their access to higher education. This study also draws on Fraser’s economic, cultural and associational dimensions of social justice to explore the participants’ perceptions and experiences of success and understand what the participants propose for developing suitable policies for Roma’s future education in Greece. The findings are organised into three main clusters. The first set of findings deals with the factors that contributed towards the participants’ uptake of higher education. Supportive parenting and teacher mentoring made a significant difference to the participants’ educational success, according to their accounts. For those participants from a more privileged background, accessing higher education was experienced as being more the norm. The second set of findings suggests that individual experiences and beliefs underpin the participants’ constructions of success and educational success. There is a focus on the female participants’ views and experiences as they sometimes face additional difficulties in accessing education because of intersections of sex/gender and Roma culture. Male and female participants highlighted the role that aspects of traditional culture still play in shaping educational success, mainly with reference to a longstanding pattern of early marriages in the community. However, the gender gap inside the Roma community is being mitigated, according to the participants. The final set of findings relates to the participants’ recommendations about how best to support Roma pupils in Greece. Some interventions addressing the Roma were suggested but only on a short-term basis, in order to benefit the Roma without adding to their further marginalisation. Tackling poverty related issues for the whole student population was prioritised over offering any targeted provision to the Roma as a separate group. The study concludes by discussing key research limitations, identifying research areas for further development, raising implications for policy and practice and by calling for more attempts to enhance Greek Roma’s educational progression.