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Journal articles on the topic 'Portugal – Economic conditions – 19th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Haliwa, Pinhas. "Laws of Succession Ordinances by the Religious Leadership of Sephardi and Moroccan Jewish Communities and Their Economic, Social and Gender Implications." Religions 14, no. 7 (2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14070819.

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This paper discusses the innovativeness of the Inheritance Ordinance introduced in Toledo during the 12th century and later reintroduced in Fez in Morocco following the expulsion of Jewish communities from Spain and Portugal. Community leaders in Toledo, and after the expulsion also in Fes, transformed the laws of succession established in biblical times by granting women equal rights on matters of inheritance by marriage. The ordinance also granted unmarried daughters the right to inherit alongside their brothers despite the fact that, according to biblical law, daughters do not inherit when

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Dementiev, Alexey. "Spain vs Portugal: the turbulent past and the complicated present." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2018-2-14-21.

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Spain and Portugal – Iberian neighbors joined by the peninsular geography and disjoint by historical avatars. The Middle Ages were riddled with wars, domination and mutual resistance. The 16th century is characterized by marine splendor and territorial expansion of both nations that for the dynastic reasons lived through a controversial period of “Iberian Union” (1580–1640). In later times they had many coincidences: political and economic decline in the 17-18th centuries, fruitless revolutions of liberal court in the 19th century, fall of monarchies and existence of dictatorial regimes in the

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Mau, V. "Modernization under Conditions of Political Stability (Reforms of the Second Half of XIX Century: Logic and Stages of Complex Modernization)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2009): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-9-32-50.

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The paper discusses economic and political modernization under Alexander II and Alexander III. Special attention is paid to economic modernization under conservative political regime as well as to the influence of the 19th century economic policy and economic debates on the industrialization policy in the 20th century.

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Suay-Matallana, Ignacio. "Economic containment: customs laboratories and merchandise inspections in late-19^th century Spain." SHS Web of Conferences 136 (2022): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213603004.

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This paper shows how chemistry and customs inspections were employed as a tool of containment in late-19th century Spain. In fact, the control of merchandise, as that of people, has been employed in many countries not just to regulate trade and health, but also to protect a large range of interests, including political and economic ones. A wide variety of experts were involved in customs inspections: from physicians working in sanitary controls, and pharmacists in charge of public health and fraud inspections, to chemists and other officers controlling merchandise. First, the paper considers s

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Saidova, Zebuniso Amanaullaevna. "Marriage and its dynamics in central Asia (19th-20th century)." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 7, no. 2 (2025): 125–28. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume07issue02-13.

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This article examines the historical and socio-economic factors shaping marriage age and birth rates in Uzbekistan from the 19th to 20th century. It explores early marriage traditions, the impact of 20th-century reforms, and shifting trends due to urbanization and economic changes. Special focus is given to the post-1991 period, where economic transitions, education, and contraception contributed to declining birth rates. The study highlights how cultural norms, policies, and economic conditions have influenced demographic trends over time.

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Wariboko, Nimi. "Liverpool Merchants in 19th-Century Niger Delta." Social Sciences and Missions 31, no. 3-4 (2018): 310–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03103001.

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Abstract How does religion or worldview affect business practices and ethics? This tradition of inquiry goes back, at least, to Max Weber who, in the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, explored the impact of theological suppositions on capitalist economic development. But the connection can also go the other way. So the focus of inquiry can become: How does business ethics or practices affect ethics in a given nation or corporation? This paper inquires into how the political and economic conditions created and sustained by nineteenth-century trading community in the Niger Delta inf

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Okimbekov, Ubaid V. "SociAL AND economic life of non-Muslim communities in Afghanistan in the 19th century." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 2 (June 6, 2025): 324–39. https://doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2025-2/324-339.

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In the early 19th century, Afghanistan’s population was predominantly composed of Sunni Muslims and various ethno-religious groups practising Shia Islam, including the local Hazara community and the Jamshida and Kyzylbash tribes, who were relocated to the region by different rulers. Additionally, there were adherents of pre-Islamic beliefs — indigenous peoples who maintained ancient religious practices and traditions but were forcibly converted to Islam by Afghan authorities in the late 19th century. Other small non-Muslim groups that migrated to these lands throughout history included Armenia

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Irchak, Iryna. "Economic situation of the jewish population of the ukrainian governoratesof the pale of settlement at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 157 (2024): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2023.157.5.

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Introduction. At the end of the 19th century, one of the ways to force the Jews of the Russian Empire to renounce the faith of their parents was to create conditions that greatly complicated their economic activity and even made some of its types impossible. Jews had to earn a living in the conditions of economic anti-Semitism, which gained momentum during the 19th century. This article examines the employment of the Jewish population in the economy's structure, determines the size of the Jews' income, and finds out how it affected their living standards at the end of the 19th and the beginnin

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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Democracy and Popular Protest in Europe: The Iberian Case (2011)." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/643pea84j.

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In recent years, Europe has witnessed social movements that break away from the conventional patterns typical of 19th and 20th century movements. The party-or trade union-organised social movements, very much centred on 19th century political and economic issues, or the New Social Movements centred on more universal values such as peace, environment, gender, ethnicity, of the 20th century seem to be changing their 'repertoire'. At the beginning of the 21st century, parties and trade unions have been losing their leading role in the organisation of demonstrations and strikes and collective acti

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Gaspar, Rui, Leonel Pereira, and Isabel Sousa-Pinto. "The seaweed resources of Portugal." Botanica Marina 62, no. 5 (2019): 499–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2019-0012.

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Abstract Continental Portugal and its two archipelagos (Azores Islands and Madeira Islands) present a very interesting and diverse seaweed community. Its great diversity results for example from different environmental conditions such as the latitudinal gradients that affect the continental Portugal coastal shoreline in unique ways. The first Portuguese phycological studies published date from the end of the 18th century and seaweeds have been harvested to be used as fertilizer since at least the 14th century. However, Portuguese seaweeds are still a natural and valuable resource that is relat

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Erdogan, Memduh. "Economic Thinking of Arab Muslim Writers During the Nineteenth Century." Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 8, no. 2 (2021): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/br3132.

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A unique contribution of the book is its depiction of economic thought through the lenses of many personalities representing varied sections of the society. So, by gathering these personalities of statesmen to literati, Islahi tries to present an encompassing spectrum of the economic thought produced in the 19th century with an exclusive look to the Arab world. Moreover, Islahi puts an effort to contextualize the views of these personalities with references to the political and economic conditions surrounding them.

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Hasanzada, Turkan. "The Context of 19th-Century English Horror Stories." EuroGlobal Journal of Linguistics and Language Education 2, no. 3 (2025): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.69760/egjlle.2500200.

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19th-century English horror stories represent a significant literary genre that reflects the social, economic, and psychological changes of the period. Influenced by the Industrial Revolution and urbanization, these stories not only incorporate supernatural elements but also highlight the fears arising from technological advancements, urban life, and modern society. The horror stories of this era illuminate human suffering, the anxieties about irreversible changes, and the dystopian consequences of innovation. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein explores the dangers of uncontrolled technological progr

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Jadhav, Avkash Daulatrao. "The Role of British Legislations and the Working Class Movement in Bombay: A Historical Study of the Factory Acts of 1881 and 1891 in India." International Social Sciences Review 1 (March 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-socialrev.v1.1965.

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India has been a country to raise inquisitiveness from ancient times. The era of colonialism in India unfolds many dimensions of struggle by the natives and the attempts of travesty by the imperialist powers. This paper will focus on the two landmark legislation of the end of the 19th century specifically pertaining to the labour conditions in India. The changing paradigms of the urban and rural labour underwent a phenomenal change by the mid 19th century. The characteristic which distinguishes the modern period in world history from all past periods is the fact of economic growth.

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Petrović, Rajko. "Political relations between Serbia and Portugal at the beginning of the 21st century." Nacionalni interes 44, no. 1 (2023): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nint44-42806.

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The subject of research in this paper is the political relations between two geographically distant countries, Serbia and Portugal, at the beginning of the 21st century, that is, in a precisely defined time period from 2001 to 2022. The starting assumption is that Serbia and Portugal, despite the fact that they established official diplomatic relations at the end of the 19th century, today do not have sufficiently developed political ties, primarily due to a mutual lack of interest in developing them. The goals of the research are aimed at examining the level of development and the quality of

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Amorim, Inês, and Bruno Pinto. "Portugal in the European Network of Marine Science Heritage and Outreach (19th–20th Centuries)." Humanities 8, no. 1 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8010014.

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The gradual consciousness of the scientific and economic riches of marine life is rooted in the legacy of some pillars of scientific production and dissemination in institutions such as natural history museums, aquariums, and maritime stations. Nowadays, one of the biggest issues of these scientific collections of species (marine or others) is their contextual interpretation which demands its original collection point, collectors, and original aims. The current research focuses on the origin of collections of marine specimens in Portugal as well as their historical evolution. In this particula

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CİHAN TEMİZER, Nihal. "Comparative efficiency and capacity analysis of Waqf Agricultural Enterprises (19th century Ottoman and the 21st century Turkey: Aegean Example)." Journal of Life Economics 8, no. 3 (2021): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.8.3.02.

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In the study, the foundation olive groves as the foundation agricultural enterprises in the 19th century Ottoman Empire Aegean Region and the 21st century Ayvalik Waqf Olive Groves Management Directorate are examined in terms of productivity and capacity. When the Aegean Region waqf agricultural enterprises were examined in the 19th century, generally waqf olive groves were found. In addition, today's Ayvalık agricultural waqf enterprise is examined. When doing research, Ottoman Archive documents and Ayvalık Waqf Olive Groves reports are used. In the waqf olive groves; When we make a compariso

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Gherasim, Cristina. "Collective mentalities of the nobility in Bessarabia in the second half of the 19th century." Akademos, no. 4(67) (March 2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.22.4-67.10.

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The change of mentality is a lasting process, carried out in special political, socio-economic and cultural conditions. In this sense, the influence of the tsarist domination regime, through all the policies promoted in the area between the Prut and the Dniester Rivers, generated some changes in the environment of the Bessarabian population in the second half of the 19th century, especially in the environment of the elites. The phenomenon is part of the general spirit of the 19th century, when the modernization and secularization of societies was fully affirmed, and with it the change of spiri

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Casimiro, Tânia M. "Living by the Sea: Amphibious Landscapes of Identity and Community in a 19th-Century “Fisher’s” Village (Grândola, Portugal)." Heritage 6, no. 10 (2023): 6510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6100340.

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Mid-19th century maps of Tróia Peninsula (Grândola) indicated the existence of a site named “Fishermen’s huts” on the beach. The site was partially excavated in 2019 and presents the characteristics of a village where around a dozen vernacular architecture shacks accommodated people who lived there between approximately 1860 and 1920. The architecture, material culture, and settlement location reveal the presence of a population with specific social and cultural characteristics related to an amphibious or hybrid lifestyle between the land and the sea. This paper presents this community, consid

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Hawk, Barry E. "English Competition Law Before 1900." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 3 (2018): 350–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18781397.

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English competition law before 1900 developed over many centuries and reflected changes in political conditions, economic theories and social values. It mirrored the historical movements in England, from the medieval ideal of fair prices and just wages to 16th and 17th century nation-state mercantilism to the 18th and 19th century Industrial Revolution and notions of laissez faire capitalism and freedom of contract. English competition law at varying times articulated three fundamental principles: monopolies were disfavored; freedom to trade was emphasized; and fair or reasonable prices were s

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20

Hudson, Kenneth, and Andrea Coukos. "The Dark Side of the Protestant Ethic: A Comparative Analysis of Welfare Reform." Sociological Theory 23, no. 1 (2005): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2751.2005.00240.x.

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This article examines the impact of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism on the recent welfare reform movement and the 19th-century campaign to abolish outdoor relief. Contemporary advocates of welfare reform adopted the 19th-century model of charity organization and reform as their exemplar. The welfare reform movement focused on the morals of the poor and “welfare dependence,” while the 19th-century movement attempted to eliminate the distribution of aid outside the poorhouse and to discourage “indiscriminate almsgiving”“ on the part of individuals. We argue that the Protestant

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Urmanov, Ulug'bek Adkhamjonovich. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION RESETTLED IN TURKESTAN." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 5 (2023): 507–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7939743.

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In the article, as a result of the migration policy of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the Russian-speaking and European peoples who moved to Turkistan were located in places with favorable conditions for cattle breeding, horticulture, policing, and farming, and economic benefits were given to the immigrants. data on the socio-economic life of immigrants with the local population were analyzed.

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Carson, Scott Alan. "Net nutrition on the late 19th and early 20th century American Great Plains: a robust biological response to the challenges to the Turner Hypothesis." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 5 (2019): 698–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000014.

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AbstractIn 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner proposed that America’s Western frontier was an economic ‘safety-valve’ – a place where settlers could migrate when conditions in eastern states and Europe crystallized against their upward economic mobility. However, recent studies suggest the Western frontier’s material conditions may not have been as advantageous as Jackson proposed because settlers lacked the knowledge and human capital to succeed on the Plains and Far Western frontier. Using stature, BMI and weight from five late 19th and early 20th century prisons, this study uses 61,276 observat

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Kharina, Natakia S. "Tobolsk Bishop's house in the 19th century." Historical and social-educational ideas 12, no. 6 (2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2020-12-6-72-80.

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The study of various aspects of the Russian Orthodox Church history continues to be significant and relevant in modern science. From the second half of 15th – beginning of 16th centuries, we can speak about the emergence of two issues that will become the major touch points of Church and State. The strengthening of the absolute monarchy in the 18th century leads to the emergence of a new bureaucratic system in the state administration. These changes will inevitably affect the Tobolsk Bishop's house, and the conditions which it was placed in after 1764 led to changes in the principles of its or

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Stepanova, L. G. "Economic Data in the Surveyors’ Field Notes on the Crimean Economy at the Turn of the 19th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2020): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-4-983-994.

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The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of the source documents used by land surveyors to compile Economic Notes to the General Land Survey plans. The landmarking on the Crimean Peninsula began in the late 18th century, but by the early 19th century it was judged premature and suspended until development of special rules taking into account the peculiarities of land use in the region. And yet the field notes of land surveyors on the Crimean Peninsula of the turn of the 19th century preserve primary economic information to a greater extent than those on other territories of th

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Sujana, Ahmad Maftuh, and Saeful Iskandar. "Jihad dan Anti Kafir dalam Geger Cilegon 1888." Tsaqofah 17, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tsaqofah.v19i1.3167.

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Colonial exploitation that occurred in the 19th century in the archipelago. Creating conditions that can encourage people to carry out social movements that are dominated by continuous economic, political and cultural conditions and have led to the disorganization of traditional societies and their institutions. The entry of the Dutch in the 19th century began to cause enormous problems for the people of Banten, because the changes made by the Dutch government changed the system of government created by the Sultanate of Banten. From the traditional government structure switched to the Modern (

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Sokolova, E. V. "Rural Settlement Network in Territory of Contemporary Omsk Region from Last Quarter of 19th Century to Early 20th Century." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 10 (2023): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490.

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The article examines the characteristics of the formation of the rural settlement network in the territory of modern Omsk region during the last quarter of the 19th century through the early 20th century. The relevance of this study is driven by societal and governmental interest in rural history, as well as by the expansion of the source base, which is related to the popularization of museum collections and personal archives. Throughout the research, the author analyzes a wide range of sources and identifies features of the territory’s settlement, lifestyle, and everyday life of peasants, as

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ZARINEBAF-SHAHR, FARIBA. "SHIREEN MAHDAVI, For God, Mammon, and Country (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999). Pp. 304." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (2001): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801222065.

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The social and economic history of the Qajar period has not received much attention from Iranian or Western scholars. The present book has partly filled this gap by focusing on the biography of a leading Iranian merchant and entrepreneur, Haj Muhammad Hasan Amin al-Zarb. It complements the few existing studies by Issawi (1971), Ashraf (1980), and Natiq (1992) on the economic history of 19th-century Iran. The author shows that the expansion of foreign trade in Iran benefited many native merchants, who successfully used their entrepreneurial skills, experience of the internal market conditions,

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İslamoğlu, Huri. "Beyond Histories of Stagnation to “Living” Histories of Possibilities." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 3 (2012): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000487.

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A central question of economic history since the 19th century has been why capitalist development (often identified with modern transformation) took place in western Europe and not in other parts of the world, notably, in China and Islamic lands, which experienced commercial expansion and the beginnings of industrial development. Diverging patterns of institutional change in the West and elsewhere, representing divergent responses to changing conditions of trade and production, have attracted historians’ attention especially at moments of dramatic institutional shifts such as those of the 19th

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WARNER, CAROLYN M. "The Political Economy of 'quasi-statehood' and the demise of 19th century African politics." Review of International Studies 25, no. 2 (1999): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210599002338.

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This article challenges two prevailing views of the failure by African polities to attain sovereign statehood in the late 19th century by providing evidence from two case studies showing that many African polities were not 'quasi-states,' lacking the empirical political and economic capacity to join the international community of sovereign states. Nor were they unable to sustain or promote international commerce. Instead, when heightened international economic competition threatened the profits of European traders, European interests pressed for pro-expansionist policies and for conditions dee

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Volkov, Maksim. "Financial and economical activity of Orthodox monasteries of Tambov Eparchy in the 18th–19th centuries." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 179 (2019): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-179-121-130.

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The relevance of our study is due to the recent trends of comprehensive consideration of issues related to the financial, economic and economic activities of Orthodox monasteries. In the conditions of the revival of monastic life in modern Russia these aspects of monastic work are of particular interest to researchers and allow us to draw some historical parallels, as well as to comprehend many related issues in this direction. The study was tasked with presenting a genera-lized summary analysis of the economic status of Orthodox male monasteries of the eparchy dur-ing the synodal period, as w

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Alves, Neise Mare de Souza, Nuno Pimentel, Débora Barbosa da Silva, Miguel Inácio, Ana Graça Cunha, and Maria da Conceição Freitas. "Analysis of Land Use Changes in the Sado Estuary (Portugal) from the 19th to the 21st Century, Based on Historical Maps, Fieldwork, and Remote Sensing." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (2024): 5798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135798.

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This study analyses land use changes in the Sado Estuary (West-Central Portugal) based on a multi-temporal analysis of 19th century cartographic data and 21st century remote sensing land use maps, updated by fieldwork. A GIS plot of land use evolution is summarized in a quantitative table. The comparison shows the changes in land use, with increasing occupation by human economic activities, including extensive agriculture and forestry, as well as localized urbanization and industrialization. The main elements of the landscape impacted by anthropogenic uses were (i) hydrography—river dams affec

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CARSON, SCOTT ALAN. "INEQUALITY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH: EVIDENCE FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MISSOURI STATE PRISON." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 4 (2008): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002489.

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SummaryThe use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economic history. Moreover, a number of core findings in the literature are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains thin. One example is 19th century African-Americans in US border-states. This paper introduces a new data set from the Missouri state prison to track the heights of comparable black and white men born between 1820 and 1904. Modern blacks and whites come to comparable terminal statures when brought to matur

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Shandra, Iryna, and Olha Birova. "Labor of Minors in Industrial of Ukrainian Lands (19th – Early 20th Century)." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 41, no. 2 (2023): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sho.2023.21.2.003.

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At the present stage, the phrase “labor of minors” sounds alarming and is a sign of the low economic and cultural development of society. For the period of industrialization of the 19th – early 20th century this phenomenon was by no means a rarity, but rather one of the components of economic modernization. The Ukrainian lands were no exception in this regard, child and adolescent labor was used in coal, metallurgical, chemical and other industries. This study is based on workers’ memories of their teenage years, memories of mining engineers, factory inspectors, public figures, as well a

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Rubén, Rodríguez Elizalde,. "Pictorial Representations of Occupational Accidents in the Nineteenth Century: An Analysis from the Perspective of Risk Prevention." Journal of Ecohumanism 4, no. 3 (2025): 396–415. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i3.6682.

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Workplace accidents were a pervasive reality during the 19th century, particularly in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, when labor conditions were harsh, and safety measures were virtually nonexistent. Amid this context, painting emerged as a powerful medium for documenting the struggles of the working class, offering both a visual testimony of occupational hazards and a reflection of evolving social awareness.This study examines a selection of Spanish 19th-century paintings through the lens of occupational risk prevention. Using an iconographic and contextual analysis, key works from cos

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Dr., Shalini Pandey. "CHARLES DICKENS AS A NOVELIST : AN ANALYSIS." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 11, no. 2 (2025): 150–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15584601.

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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the works of Charles Dickens, focusing on his narrative techniques, thematic explorations, and character development. Dickens, a stalwart of Victorian literature, utilized his novels to critique social injustices, portray vivid characters, and explore the complexities of human nature. This study examines how Dickens’ novels reflect the socio-economic conditions of the 19th century and their enduring relevance in contemporary literature.

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Brunke, Dirk. "Annotationen. Zur autoreflexiven Dimension von Fußnoten im portugiesischen und brasilianischen Epos der Romantik." Romanistisches Jahrbuch 75, no. 1 (2024): 249–71. https://doi.org/10.1515/roja-2024-0008.

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Abstract In Portugal and Brazil, epic poetry is still a prominent genre in the 19th century. However, under the conditions of Romanticism, it must find both its particular position in the literary field and its own aesthetics. Aesthetic innovations are accompanied by a contemporary debate on the epic genre. This debate is held not only in poetological writings and public discussions, but especially in the various forms of paratexts, such as prefaces and annotations, as well as in the poetic text itself. This article focuses on footnotes and endnotes and shows the intricate relationship between

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Pavlov, K, A., and O. B. Klochkov. "Protection of State Border in Caucasus at End of 19th Century: Karsk Border Brigade." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-413-426.

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The process of formation and development of the protection of the state border in the Caucasus at the end of the 19th century (using the example of the Karsk border brigade) is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in historical research insufficient attention is paid to the protection of the state border in the Caucasus by border guard units at the end of the 19th century. It is shown that under the conditions of the introduction of protective customs duties, as a result of which smuggling activities began to develop actively, without specialized units, t

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Perskaya, Victoria, Dmitry Morkovkin, Alexander Chupin, Lyubov Khomyakova, and Maria Basova. "Conceptual framework for the development of ESG theory in relation to Russian business." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 9-1 (2022): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202209statyi03.

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The article analyzes the conceptual provisions of ESG theory, their interrelation and interdependence with the theoretical provisions of institutional theory, management theory, theories of responsible investment, etc. It is noted that ESG principles represent a preliminary phase of energy transition provision, on the one hand, and on the other hand - socialization of economic subjects’ activity in the conditions of unregulated economic globalization of the last decade. It is underlined that for the Russian entrepreneurship socialization represents a historically successive element having root

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Dr., F. Maria Jenifer Thaya. "Economic Insights from Jesuit Missionary Letters: Unveiling South India's Agricultural, Taxation, and Trade Systems (17th–19th Century)." International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 13, no. 1 (2025): 247–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15050880.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> This study explores the economic conditions of South Indian regions, particularly Senji, Vellore, Tanjore, and Tirunelveli, through the letters of Jesuit missionaries. These letters, written between the 17th and 19th centuries, provide valuable first-hand accounts of the prevailing economic, agricultural, and taxation systems. The research highlights the impact of political transitions on economic prosperity, the role of irrigation in sustaining fertile lands, and the socio-economic challenges faced by local communities. By analysing missionary epistolary corresponde

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Hongyan, Wang. "FEATURES OF TRANSNATIONALIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION." Public Administration and Regional Development, no. 28 (July 8, 2025): 564–82. https://doi.org/10.34132/pard2025.28.12.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the main trends of modern processes of trans-nationalization in the conditions of globalization starting from the 19th century to the present. It is emphasized that starting from the 19th century. Trans-nationalization acts as one of the main global trends in the development of the world economy and a tool for the economic growth of national economies and business entities and management. These trends lead to the deployment of trans-nationalization and the intensification of international investment activity, international trade, scientific and technic

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Dalgat, Elmira M. "THE TOWN AND THE SEA. PETROVSK AT THE CASPIAN SEA." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, no. 4 (2021): 859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch174859-873.

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The article attempts to demonstrate the transformation of the Russian military fortification Petrovskoe at the coast of the Caspian Sea into the large industrial center of the Dagestan region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, as well as to examine the role of the seaport in its economic development. Since 40s of the 19th century, the fort Petrovskoe was a transit point for cargo, transported by sea from Astrakhan for the Russian army, which was involved in war in Dagestan. The author considers the development of sea trade between Astrakhan, Baku and Petrovsk after the latt

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Akolzina, Marina. "County towns merchants’ agricultural enterprise of Tambov Governorate in the 19th century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 182 (2019): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-182-232-242.

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We center on the issue of studying merchant land ownership and land use in Tambov Governorate in the 19th century. The relevance of this study is due to the need to fill the source and historiographical gap in the study of the Russian version of social and economic business ac-tivities in the agricultural sector in the pre-reform period. The results are promising for solving the problems facing the agriculture of our region at the present stage. Currently, one of the priorities of social and economic development of the Tambov Region is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic agro-indus

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Goncharov, Yu M. "Housing conditions in Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(48) (March 2, 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-48-1-11.

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The study of housing conditions in Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century con-stitutes an important and scientifically relevant problem of everyday history. Housing conditions are one of the most important indicators of the level and lifestyle of the population. This subject matter has so far received little attention from historians. The study is aimed at identifying the specifics of the housing conditions in an important province of the late Russian Empire. In order to study provincial housing conditions in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century, a fair

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Kravchenko, Olha, Olga Shkurenko, Svitlana Bonіar, and Svitlana Shuliarenko. "Planning paradigms throughout economic history." History of science and technology 14, no. 2 (2024): 332–49. https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2024-14-2-332-349.

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Planning has always been an essential part of scientific and practical activities, driven by the need for purposeful development in science, technology and society. The paper focuses on the study of the development of planning in the context of the history of economics and economic thought. The purpose of the paper is to study the formation of planning paradigms throughout economic history as a reflection of the features of the socio-economic processes that dominated from the late 19th century to the early 21st century. To achieve this purpose, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, inductio

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Abdrakhmanov, Konstantin A. "The Daily Work of Merchant Fishermen in the 19th Century (Based on Materials from the Astrakhan and Orenburg Governorate)." Journal of Frontier Studies 9, no. 2 (2024): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v9i2.567.

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The study highlights the specifics of the everyday work of the merchants of the Astrakhan and Orenburg Governorates in the fishing industry. Emphasis is placed on the activities of entrepreneurs who explored the waters of the Asian region in the 19th century – the Caspian and Aral Seas, as well as the Emba, Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of fishing in the 19th century as one of the spheres of merchant entrepreneurship in the Asian direction. The choice of geographical boundaries is dictated by the desire to study the merchant fishing indust

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Koryś, Piotr. "Złote łany, ziemniaczane pola i zagony buraków. Roślinny krajobraz polskiej wsi w perspektywie historii gospodarczej." Przegląd Humanistyczny 62, no. 1 (460) (2018): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1841.

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The article discusses the role of plants in Poland’s economic development over the last 500 years. The author presents the role of five plants in the history of Poland’s development: cereals (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beet and rape. The specificity of the economic development of modern Europe has made Poland one of Europe’s granaries and an important exporter of cereals. This shaped the civilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and contributed to its fall due to institutional specificity. In the 19th century, potatoes played an important role in the population development of Pol

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Frizen, Dmitry Ya. "The Economy of the Kazakhs of the Ural and Turgai Regions in the Second Half of the 19th Century." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 4 (28) (2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(4).151-156.

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This article examines the process of development of the Kazakh economy, in the conditions of socio-economic and political transformations of tsarism in the Steppe territory. On the basis of a wide range of sources were studied peculiarities of cattle, agriculture, trade and economic relations in the Kazakh society.

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Zverkova, T. N. "City Public Banks in Russia in the 19th Century." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 10, no. 2 (2023): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2023-10-2-62-72.

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The article analyzes the experience of creating and establishing the Orenburg city public bank and the possibility of using this historical heritage today. The search for new forms and approaches to improve the activities of modern regional banks in the conditions of sanctions, strengthening its focus not only on the development of the regional economy, but also on the expansion of charitable activities became the purpose of the present study. This is due to the global trend towards the revival of interest in the forms of local banks subordinated to public needs, the discussion in the Russian

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Barus, Saparudin, Singgih Tri Sulistiyono, Yety Rochwulaningsih, and Endang Susilowati. "Environmental Influences on Trade Activities in the 19th Century East Coast Sumatra." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207048.

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This study examines the factors supported on the relationship between environmental or regional conditions affected the development of trading activities. To examine this problem, historical methods are used which include four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Meanwhile, this study used a geostrategic and geopolitical approach. The result shows that the dynamic trade activity in the East Sumatra Region in the 19th century was inseparable from the strategic regional position which faces directly to the Malacca Strait which is the center of the largest mar

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Вихрущ, Наталія, Оксана Дунець, and Ольга Шумська. "AN OVERVIEW OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN FRANCE (SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES)." Молодий вчений, no. 1 (101) (January 31, 2022): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2022-1-101-32.

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All educational processes are continuous and dynamic by their nature due to constant changes in current demands of the societies to the content of education. All countries try to develop a unique educational system that is able to achieve comprehensive educational objectives. Under such conditions, the study of secondary education in France in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century is relevant for pedagogical science. The choice of this historical period is due to the significant rise of French schooling due to political, economic and cultural changes. The research methodology involv

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