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Journal articles on the topic 'Portugal – Social conditions – 19th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Khvan, M. S. "The Establishment and Development of Feminism in Portugal." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-150-163.

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This article focuses on prerequisites for the establishment of feminism in Portugal, history of main Portuguese feminist organizations and basic conditions for their functioning. This research is based on the comparative analysis of socio-political environment in Portugal and in several other states (mainly located in Western Europe) in different periods of their history. Basing on the aforementioned analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that feminism in Portugal has generally been moderate and has passed three phases in its development. These phases are in line with three waves that ar

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Haliwa, Pinhas. "Laws of Succession Ordinances by the Religious Leadership of Sephardi and Moroccan Jewish Communities and Their Economic, Social and Gender Implications." Religions 14, no. 7 (2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14070819.

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This paper discusses the innovativeness of the Inheritance Ordinance introduced in Toledo during the 12th century and later reintroduced in Fez in Morocco following the expulsion of Jewish communities from Spain and Portugal. Community leaders in Toledo, and after the expulsion also in Fes, transformed the laws of succession established in biblical times by granting women equal rights on matters of inheritance by marriage. The ordinance also granted unmarried daughters the right to inherit alongside their brothers despite the fact that, according to biblical law, daughters do not inherit when

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Luo, Jing. "The Use of Medieval History in Constructing National Identities in 19th-Century Portugal." Communications in Humanities Research 5, no. 1 (2023): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/5/20230340.

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Looking back at the development of Portugal today, the 19th century was undoubtedly an important turning point, with the emergence of professional historical writing in the country, the reconstruction of national identity, and the topic of intellectual commitment of the time. The main point of this study is to analyze the writing of European history in the early 19th century. Antony Smith considers the 19th century the beginning of professional historical writing under the framework of a national character. By the theory of Stephen Berger, the scientificity of history is seen as a key point. C

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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Democracy and Popular Protest in Europe: The Iberian Case (2011)." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/643pea84j.

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In recent years, Europe has witnessed social movements that break away from the conventional patterns typical of 19th and 20th century movements. The party-or trade union-organised social movements, very much centred on 19th century political and economic issues, or the New Social Movements centred on more universal values such as peace, environment, gender, ethnicity, of the 20th century seem to be changing their 'repertoire'. At the beginning of the 21st century, parties and trade unions have been losing their leading role in the organisation of demonstrations and strikes and collective acti

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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, and Mário Vaz. "Modern Slavery Characterisation through the Analysis of Energy Replenishment." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080299.

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The Brazilian economy was, until the end of the 19th Century, based on slave labour. However, in this first quarter of the 21st Century, the problem persists. These situations tend to be mistaken with “simple” violations of labour laws. This work aims to establish Occupational Health and Safety parameters, focusing on energy needs, to distinguish between the breach of labour legislation and modern rural slavery in the 21st Century in Brazil. In response to this challenge, bibliographical research was carried out on the feeding and energy replenishment conditions of Brazilian slaves in the 19th

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Engmann, Birk, and Holger Steinberg. "Some comparative psychiatric studies in the 19th century." Transcultural Psychiatry 55, no. 3 (2018): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518767033.

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This article analyses 19th-century publications which dealt with the social and cultural aspects of psychiatric disorders in different parts of the world. Systematic reviews were conducted of three German medical journals, one Russian medical journal, and a relevant monograph. All these archives were published in the 19th century. Our work highlights the fact that long before Kraepelin, several, mostly forgotten, publications had already discussed cultural aspects, social conditions, the influence of religion, the influence of climate, and also “race” as a trigger or amplifier of psychiatric d

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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Social Movements in Contemporary Portugal." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p36-42.

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This paper focuses in transformation of Portuguese society throughout the analysis of social movements. Social movements in Portugal were changing as the evolution of society. Throughout the ages, according to circumstances of each historical period protest as changing. in the early nineteenth century, the transition from the Old Regime to Liberalism sparked riots. The protests were dominated by the peasants, motivated by the introduction of liberalism and capitalism, which have transformed the traditional way of living. The late nineteenth and early twenty centuries brought the claim of the l

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8

Hasanzada, Turkan. "The Context of 19th-Century English Horror Stories." EuroGlobal Journal of Linguistics and Language Education 2, no. 3 (2025): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.69760/egjlle.2500200.

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19th-century English horror stories represent a significant literary genre that reflects the social, economic, and psychological changes of the period. Influenced by the Industrial Revolution and urbanization, these stories not only incorporate supernatural elements but also highlight the fears arising from technological advancements, urban life, and modern society. The horror stories of this era illuminate human suffering, the anxieties about irreversible changes, and the dystopian consequences of innovation. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein explores the dangers of uncontrolled technological progr

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Ramos, Rui Jorge Garcia, Eliseu Gonçalves, and Sérgio Dias Silva. "From the Late 19th Century House Question to Social Housing Programs in the 30s: the Nationalist Regulation of the Picturesque in Portugal." Modern Housing. Patrimonio Vivo, no. 51 (2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.a.1v7pry77.

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In the early 20th century in Portugal, a new architecture was produced as the offspring of different references, conforming to a process of “Portugueseness” based on the picturesque. From the beginning of the dictatorship in 1926, the State took advantage of that phenomenon to sublimate nationalist values. Through the first programs of mass housing construction, the single-family house became an object of consumption and a cornerstone of national identity. The search for identity brings together different architectures across the century featuring a renewed Portuguese sentiment infused with di

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Okimbekov, Ubaid V. "SociAL AND economic life of non-Muslim communities in Afghanistan in the 19th century." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 2 (June 6, 2025): 324–39. https://doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2025-2/324-339.

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In the early 19th century, Afghanistan’s population was predominantly composed of Sunni Muslims and various ethno-religious groups practising Shia Islam, including the local Hazara community and the Jamshida and Kyzylbash tribes, who were relocated to the region by different rulers. Additionally, there were adherents of pre-Islamic beliefs — indigenous peoples who maintained ancient religious practices and traditions but were forcibly converted to Islam by Afghan authorities in the late 19th century. Other small non-Muslim groups that migrated to these lands throughout history included Armenia

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Castro Henriques, Filipa, Teresa Ferreira Rodrigues, and Maria Fraga O. Martins. "Ageing, Education and Health in Portugal: Prospective from the 19th to the 21st Century." Hygiea Internationalis : An Interdisciplinary Journal for the History of Public Health 8, no. 1 (2009): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.098181.

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Varela, Raquel, and Roberto della Santa. "A expropriação dos mestres-artesãos no Portugal contemporâneo (séculos XIX-XX)." e-Letras com Vida - Revista de Estudos Globais: Humanidades, Ciências e Artes, no. 11 (December 30, 2023): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53943/elcv.0223_117-133.

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This essay debates the expropriation of masters-artisans in Contemporary Portugal, focusing on its origins in the 19th century. It explores how this process unfolded throughout the Portuguese transition to capitalism after 1820. We focus on the expropriation process, the social dynamics — between pre-capitalist and capitalist forms of labour —, and, finally, critically analyze the analogy made during the Estado Novo between medieval guilds and the dictatorial corporatism of the bourgeois autocracy (1926-1974). We argue that the corporate system in the medieval era had a self-regulated work aut

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Sujana, Ahmad Maftuh, and Saeful Iskandar. "Jihad dan Anti Kafir dalam Geger Cilegon 1888." Tsaqofah 17, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tsaqofah.v19i1.3167.

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Colonial exploitation that occurred in the 19th century in the archipelago. Creating conditions that can encourage people to carry out social movements that are dominated by continuous economic, political and cultural conditions and have led to the disorganization of traditional societies and their institutions. The entry of the Dutch in the 19th century began to cause enormous problems for the people of Banten, because the changes made by the Dutch government changed the system of government created by the Sultanate of Banten. From the traditional government structure switched to the Modern (

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Casimiro, Tânia M. "Living by the Sea: Amphibious Landscapes of Identity and Community in a 19th-Century “Fisher’s” Village (Grândola, Portugal)." Heritage 6, no. 10 (2023): 6510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6100340.

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Mid-19th century maps of Tróia Peninsula (Grândola) indicated the existence of a site named “Fishermen’s huts” on the beach. The site was partially excavated in 2019 and presents the characteristics of a village where around a dozen vernacular architecture shacks accommodated people who lived there between approximately 1860 and 1920. The architecture, material culture, and settlement location reveal the presence of a population with specific social and cultural characteristics related to an amphibious or hybrid lifestyle between the land and the sea. This paper presents this community, consid

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Serpa, Sandro, and Carlos Miguel Ferreira. "Science Represented in Newspapers in the Constitutional Monarchy and the 1st Republic. A Study in Faial Island, the Azores, Portugal." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0005.

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This study aims to apprehend the representations of science published in two local newspapers (O Faialense and O Telégrafo) published in the periphery of Portugal (Faial Island, the Azores), in the last quarter of the 19th and early 20th century. For this purpose, the authors carried out a thematic and qualitative analysis of the news collected in these two newspapers. Results allow concluding that, while Positivism is considered one of the main currents of thought justifying the rise of the republican logic, which culminated in the revolution that deposed the constitutional monarchy regime an

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Freemantle, Harry. "Frédéric Le Play and 19th-century vision machines." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 1 (2016): 66–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695116673526.

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An early proponent of the social sciences, Frédéric Le Play, was the occupant of senior positions within the French state in the mid- to late 19th century. He was writing at a time when science was ascending. There was for him no doubt that scientific observation, correctly applied, would allow him unmediated access to the truth. It is significant that Le Play was the organizer of a number of universal expositions because these expositions were used as vehicles to demonstrate the ascendant position of western civilization. The fabrication of linear time is a history of progress requiring a vis

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Smyk, Grzegorz. "Development of Administrative Sciences in the 19th Century." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 15, no. 1 (2022): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tkp.4474.

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The basic conditions for the development of modern administrative sciences arose with the emergence of the constitutional state with its guarantees of respect for the rights of the individual, the functional and organizational division of public authorities and the mechanisms for controlling the legality of the functioning of the state apparatus. The concept of the constitutional state was derived directly from the ideology of the Enlightenment, based on the social contract theory, the doctrine of the law of nature and the theory of the division and control of public authorities. It was implem

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Liczbińska, Grażyna. "Diseases, health status, and mortality in urban and rural environments: The case of Catholics and Lutherans in 19th-century Greater Poland." Anthropological Review 73, no. 1 (2010): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-008-0019-z.

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Diseases, health status, and mortality in urban and rural environments: The case of Catholics and Lutherans in 19th-century Greater PolandThe aim of the study is to show in the mortality measures calculated for Catholics and Lutherans from 19th-century Greater Poland: 1) stratification dependent on the size of place of residence, 2) stratification dependent on religious denomination in population centres of various size. The data on mortality are drawn from Catholic and Lutheran parish death registers: from Poznań (the poor Catholic St. Margaret's Parish, the wealthy St. Mary Magdalene's Paris

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Viegas de Andrade, Cristiana. "Marriage patterns in 19th-century Vila do Conde: The study of an urban centre in northwest Portugal." History of the Family 15, no. 1 (2010): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hisfam.2010.02.001.

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Medvedeva, Natalia V. "Development of Social Infrastructure: Experience of Zemstvo Administration." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, no. 4 (141) (2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-4-118-126.

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The article is devoted to the study of domestic experience in the development of social infrastructure in the 19th–early 20th century. A retrospective analysis made it possible to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the zemstvo system of self-government. With the help of a comparative method, trends in the financial and economic support of zemstvo bodies at various stages of the zemstvo reform were identified, and an analysis of key indicators of the development of social infrastructure in the 19th–early 20th century was carried out. The work shows that it was thanks to the zemstvo r

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21

Hawk, Barry E. "English Competition Law Before 1900." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 3 (2018): 350–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18781397.

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English competition law before 1900 developed over many centuries and reflected changes in political conditions, economic theories and social values. It mirrored the historical movements in England, from the medieval ideal of fair prices and just wages to 16th and 17th century nation-state mercantilism to the 18th and 19th century Industrial Revolution and notions of laissez faire capitalism and freedom of contract. English competition law at varying times articulated three fundamental principles: monopolies were disfavored; freedom to trade was emphasized; and fair or reasonable prices were s

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Hanusyn, Olena. "The social status of the Ukrainian intelligentsia of Galicia at the end of the 19th century." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 44 (October 7, 2024): 146–55. https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2024-44.146-155.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the main characteristics (material, cultural, social, symbolic) that defined the social status of the Galician intelligentsia at the end of the 19th century. The research methodology is based on a prosopographic approach and the creation of a collective biography, which allow for tracking the self-perceptions, aspirations, and lifestyle models of the intelligentsia, shaped by societal norms, rules, or trends. The scientific novelty lies in the first attempt to examine the image of the Ukrainian-Galician intelligentsia at the end of the 19th century not t

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Rubén, Rodríguez Elizalde,. "Pictorial Representations of Occupational Accidents in the Nineteenth Century: An Analysis from the Perspective of Risk Prevention." Journal of Ecohumanism 4, no. 3 (2025): 396–415. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i3.6682.

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Workplace accidents were a pervasive reality during the 19th century, particularly in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, when labor conditions were harsh, and safety measures were virtually nonexistent. Amid this context, painting emerged as a powerful medium for documenting the struggles of the working class, offering both a visual testimony of occupational hazards and a reflection of evolving social awareness.This study examines a selection of Spanish 19th-century paintings through the lens of occupational risk prevention. Using an iconographic and contextual analysis, key works from cos

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Alter, George, and Michel Oris. "Childhood conditions, migration, and mortality: Migrants and natives in 19th‐century cities." Social Biology 52, no. 3-4 (2005): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2005.9989108.

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Costa, Rita Ferreira. "Retalhos de vidas femininas: mobilidades e fronteiras entre o Recolhimento Anjo e do Recolhimento das Órfãs do Porto (1672-1800)." História: Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto 15, no. 1 (2025): 41–76. https://doi.org/10.21747/0871164x/hist15_1a3.

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Developed to shelter women in vulnerable life conditions due to temporary separation from the male element, orphanhood or widowhood -women's retirement houses (recolhimentos), cloistered spaces without the need to take religious vows, became widespreadin Portugal during the early modern period. There were five placesin Portobetween the 17th and 19th centuries. The Recolhimento do Anjoand the Recolhimento das Órfãs, institutions with the same objective–to preserve female social honor –albeit with different administrations, are examples ofthe existence of social boundaries, the distinction and t

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Dvoretsky, Yevgeniy V., Oksana V. Bakulina, and Konstantin V. Kozlov. "Conceptualization of the ideas of prosociality in the Russian humanitarian thought of the 19th century." Perspectives of Science and Education 64, no. 4 (2023): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.4.35.

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Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the demand for prosocial values while maintaining and developing the unity and cohesion of Russian society, as well as by the need to refer to the Russian historical experience, including aspects that have not attracted sufficient attention from researchers. This study aims to consider the genesis, evolution, and content of prosocial ideas in the Russian humanitarian thought of the 19th century. Materials and methods. The study used data from an extensive list of pedagogical, psychological, journalistic, philosophical, and other works o

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Ribeiro, Filipa Perdigão. "The discursive construction of collective narratives on Portuguese national identity: homogeneity or diversity?" Comunicação e Sociedade 34 (December 17, 2018): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.34(2018).2952.

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Mainstream conceptions of the “authentic” or “real” Portugal are now so naturalized in national discourse that many of the socio-historical contexts of their discursive construction have been erased from people’s collective memory (-ies). This paper presents an overview of the prominent collective narratives and memories in the Portuguese context, highlighting salient historical events that shaped them, such as the 1974 revolution which was a watershed moment from which all current narratives on national identity construct their major reference. It briefly covers 19th century historiography, t

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Luh, Andreas. "Großunternehmen und Betriebssport in Deutschland vom Kaiserreich bis in die Gegenwart. Ein (zu) wenig beachtetes sozial- und sporthistorisches Phänomen." STADION 44, no. 2 (2020): 300–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2020-2-300.

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Since the end of the 19th century, company sports appeared as a part of company’s social welfare policy. Large companies in Germany still offer company sport activities as a part of voluntary social benefits today, but their scope, kind and function have changed enormously. The present study focuses on the development of company sports during the German Empire, its expansion and institutionalization as a part of company’s social welfare policy in the Weimar Republic as well as its restructuring in the context of the efforts of the German Labour Front in NS Germany. Furthermore, the study exami

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Silva, Manuel, Fernando Rodrigues, António Jorge Fontes, and André Fontes. "Participatory Methods: the Exemplary Case of the Bela Vista “Island” in Porto (2013-2017)." Sociological Journal 28, no. 1 (2022): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.1.8837.

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The authors summarize the origin and evolution of the urban “island” of BelaVista in Porto, Portugal, since the 19th century. Despite local residents mobilizing in the wake of the revolution of April 25th 1974 in the context of the urban housing and design initiative (Local Ambulatory Support Service — Serviço de Apoio Ambulatório Local, SAAL), they were unable to renovate the crumbling neighbourhood. The Residents’ Association, resisting the onslaught of demolition strategies that were driven by real estate interests, eventually managed, with the support from a technical team of architects, s

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Filimonov, A. V. "Sociocultural activities of Voronezh governors in the second half of the 19th century: main trends and influence on the development of state-public dialogue." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 9, no. 2 (34) (2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2022.9(2).62-71.

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One of the most important conditions for solving modern social and cultural problems is effective cooperation between the authorities and the population. Establishing a dialogue between the state and society largely depends on the figure of the official. The historical experience of the participation of representatives of the Russian bureaucracy in this process is explored in the article using the example of the social and cultural activities of Voronezh governors in the second half of the 19th century. The reforms of Alexander II contributed to the development of provincial society and the tr

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Dziadek, Magdalena. "Polish Female Composers in the Nineteenth Century." Musicology Today 16, no. 1 (2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2019-0002.

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Abstract The article discusses the activities of selected women-composers who worked in Poland in the 19th century. They have been presented in a broad social-political context. Specific historical conditions have been taken into account, which have contributed to the perception of women’s creativity as a mission. The model of women’s activity discussed in the categories of social and political mission influenced the shape and forms of Polish women’s creativity in the first half of the century. In the second half of the century, women’s access to education increased and finally a milieu of pro

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Agensky, Jonathan C. "Recognizing religion: Politics, history, and the “long 19th century”." European Journal of International Relations 23, no. 4 (2017): 729–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066116681428.

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Analyses of religion and international politics routinely concern the persistence of religion as a critical element in world affairs. However, they tend to neglect the constitutive interconnections between religion and political life. Consequently, religion is treated as exceptional to mainstream politics. In response, recent works focus on the relational dimensions of religion and international politics. This article advances an “entangled history” approach that emphasizes the constitutive, relational, and historical dimensions of religion — as a practice, discursive formation, and analytical

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van Gaalen, Ruben, and Frans van Poppel. "Long-Term Changes in the Living Arrangements of Children in the Netherlands." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 5 (2009): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08331116.

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The demographic and social processes of the past 150 years have radically changed the number of parents that children grow up with. This article uses two unique data sets to illustrate long-term changes in the living arrangements of children born between 1850 and 1985 in the Netherlands. Changes are described in terms of whether fathers, mothers, and stepparents lived with these children at birth and at age 15. A massive shift occurred in the living arrangements of the 1850-1879 cohort compared with the 1880-1899 cohort of children, and there is only a slight return to 19th-century conditions

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Surya, Riza Afita, and Rif'atul Fikriya. "Chinese Merchants Role of Java Trade in 19th Century." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 4, no. 1 (2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i1.27167.

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Chinese arrival in Java was encouraged with significant factors both internal and external. Chinese in Java eventually brought shifting in economical, social, and political aspect of Java under Dutch realm. In 19th century, Chinese in Java were differed into two clusters, known as peranakan and totok. These two terms possed different languange, culture, economical conditions. This study aimed to determine the role of Chinese merchants of Java during 19th century. The study engaged literature study which includes planning, selection, extraction, and excution. Literature review tries to review s

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Brunke, Dirk. "Annotationen. Zur autoreflexiven Dimension von Fußnoten im portugiesischen und brasilianischen Epos der Romantik." Romanistisches Jahrbuch 75, no. 1 (2024): 249–71. https://doi.org/10.1515/roja-2024-0008.

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Abstract In Portugal and Brazil, epic poetry is still a prominent genre in the 19th century. However, under the conditions of Romanticism, it must find both its particular position in the literary field and its own aesthetics. Aesthetic innovations are accompanied by a contemporary debate on the epic genre. This debate is held not only in poetological writings and public discussions, but especially in the various forms of paratexts, such as prefaces and annotations, as well as in the poetic text itself. This article focuses on footnotes and endnotes and shows the intricate relationship between

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Syahriyani, Alfi, and Maidhotul Kaifa Novikasandra. "FEMINISM IN ENOLA HOLMES FILM: A SEMIOTIC LENS." Elite : English and Literature Journal 9, no. 2 (2022): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elite.v9i2.32298.

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Film is not merely a medium to entertain but also a reflection of society's values and conditions. This research deals with the portrayal of feminism in the film of Enola Holmes in the era of 19th century through its main character of the film ‘Enola’. It uses the qualitative method by employing the theory of semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce, which categorizes signs into three related parts, namely representamen, object, and interpretant. The data was taken by identifying and interpreting the signs through the scenes of the films, including icon, index, and symbol. The findings show that th

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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista, and Antônia Mota. "Characterisation of Contemporary Slavery through the Analysis of Accommodation Conditions." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050214.

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Slave labour or work in conditions analogous to slavery continues on all continents and sometimes tends to be mistaken for “simple” violations of labour laws. Therefore, this work aims to identify parameters that allow distinguishing between situations of non-compliance with labour legislation and modern rural slavery in Brazil through the analysis of accommodation conditions. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic research was developed in six databases on sanitary, accommodation and clothing issues of enslaved workers in the 19th century in Brazil. The resulting data were compared with d

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Motuz, Valeria. "The history of the transformation of women of Naddnipryansk Ukraine from an object into a subject of the political process: from idea to practical implementation." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-99-108.

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The article substantiates the theoretical and practical foundations of the development of the women’s movement in Naddnipryan Ukraine in the conditions of active politicization of society in the late 19th – early 20th century. When the object of the study is the increase by women from Naddnipryanskaya Ukraine of their social status in society, and the subject is their transformation from an object into a subject of political activity. This process is revealed from the standpoint of the influence of the politicization of Ukrainian society in the late 19th – early 20th century on the movement of

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N. A., Chetyrina. "PRACTICE OF MEDIATOR'S COURT IN URBAN SETTLEMENTS OF THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 19th CENTURY." Human research of Inner Asia 3 (2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2022-3-28-33.

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Mediation is an integral part of pre-trial conflict resolution. The decrees on me-diation available in the Russian legislation of the 18th–19th centuries regulate the main criteria for functioning of this institution and include such elements as court composition, scope of regulation, terms, etc. The report considers three main laws on the practice of the mediator’s court covering almost a century. The first mention of the term refers to 1727 and used to mean an intermediary. Through time, the mediator’s court undergone changes affecting its social, professional and procedural scope of regulat

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Malec, Tomasz. "POWER GAMES: ARCHITECTURE OF GJIROKASTRA UN TIL THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY." ZESZYTY NAUKOWE WYŻSZEJ SZKOŁY TECHNICZNEJ W KATOWICACH, no. 19 (2024): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.54264/0098.

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Since the Neolithic period, social structure could have been identified by looking at physical space. While various conditions influence its development, architecture and urban planning clearly depict social interactions as a result of the hierarchization of different societies worldwide. The town of Gjirokastra in southern Albania stands out as one of the most unique examples of the various scales of the spatial structure resulting from complex Greek, Byzantine, and, above all, Albanian and Ottoman social power games. This influence can be seen in the typical architectural features of defensi

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Fields, Marjory Diana. "Women in American Labour Movement." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 3, no. 2 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2019070104.

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In this article, the author examines the history of exclusion and sex-based discrimination against U.S. women workers seeking to join unions established by men. The author describes how groups of women and girls working in fabric mills in the 19th Century took strike action against work speed up and increased production requirements, making demands for higher wages, equal pay with men, improved working conditions, clean water, health care and time off. Then, in the early 20th century, women teachers formed their own unions to gain increased pay and pension plans, and for social justice. These

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ZARINEBAF-SHAHR, FARIBA. "SHIREEN MAHDAVI, For God, Mammon, and Country (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999). Pp. 304." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (2001): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801222065.

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The social and economic history of the Qajar period has not received much attention from Iranian or Western scholars. The present book has partly filled this gap by focusing on the biography of a leading Iranian merchant and entrepreneur, Haj Muhammad Hasan Amin al-Zarb. It complements the few existing studies by Issawi (1971), Ashraf (1980), and Natiq (1992) on the economic history of 19th-century Iran. The author shows that the expansion of foreign trade in Iran benefited many native merchants, who successfully used their entrepreneurial skills, experience of the internal market conditions,

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Semenov, Evgeniy, and Vitaliy Pokatsky. "The Social Status of the Artist in the Baikal Region in the 19th Century: Exemplified by Polish Exiles." Humanitarian Vector 20, no. 2 (2025): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2025-20-2-81-90.

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Studying the history of the formation of regional culture in Siberia at the present stage is one of the most relevant. The issue of creative activity of Polish exiles in the 19th century is of special importance. Despite a significant number of works devoted to this problem, there is no complete study considering the peculiarities of the social status of Polish artists in Siberia. The novelty is in studying the social position and formation of the social status of Polish exiled artists during a period of hard labor and penal settlement. The authors for the first time comprehensively consider t

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Kovalskaya, Svetlana, Zhaslan Nurbayev, and Saya Kishibayeva. "The transformation of the institute of bais in the conditions of modernization processes of the 19th – early 20th centuries." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 147, no. 2 (2024): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2024-147-2-77-98.

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The article is devoted to the study of the social and institutional history of the prosperous estate of a nomadic society – the Kazakh bais. The main content of the topic of this study is the history of the bais estate as a social community – its condition, social behavior, place and role in the system of social relations, sources of material well-being, social alliances and conflicts, social preconditions and consequences of political, cultural and economic transformations. Integration of the Kazakh economy into the system of the all-Russian economy in the second half of the 19th century caus

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Akolzina, Marina. "County towns merchants’ agricultural enterprise of Tambov Governorate in the 19th century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 182 (2019): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-182-232-242.

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We center on the issue of studying merchant land ownership and land use in Tambov Governorate in the 19th century. The relevance of this study is due to the need to fill the source and historiographical gap in the study of the Russian version of social and economic business ac-tivities in the agricultural sector in the pre-reform period. The results are promising for solving the problems facing the agriculture of our region at the present stage. Currently, one of the priorities of social and economic development of the Tambov Region is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic agro-indus

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Mr. Imran Alam, Dr. Mazher Hussain, and Dr. Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan. "A Study of 19th Century Ashrāf Perspective of the Muslims of South Asia." Al-Qamar 1, no. 1 (2018): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.53762/2g1qqr78.

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Modern approaches on social cohesion and identification confirm that the Ashrāf community of 19th century United India shared a number of commonalities based on interaction, goals, interdependence in relation, structure and unity; and their sense to improve their social and political conditions and their response in the form of socio-political measures, manifested in their involvement in the promotion of literary and political organizations is the field of equal interest for sociologists, anthropologists as well as historians. The ashrāf group or community of South Asia, as term evolved throug

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Knyazkina, Tatyana. "To the history of the organization of care of venereal patients in the Far East of Russia in the 19th century." History of Medicine 6, no. (1) (2019): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.17720/2409-5583.v6.1.2019.02b.

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Abstract In this article, the organization of medical care for venereal patients in the Far East of Russia in the 19th century is analyzed on the basis of archival sources. Venereal diseases were the most common in the north-eastern parts of this Russian region. The beginning of the organization of medical care for venereal patients started in the beginning of the 19th century. It was connected with the functioning of the first hospital for the infected, as well as the decree of Alexander I of the 20th of November 1807. The decree of the Emperor marked the beginning of systematic work to ident

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Dr., Shalini Pandey. "CHARLES DICKENS AS A NOVELIST : AN ANALYSIS." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 11, no. 2 (2025): 150–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15584601.

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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the works of Charles Dickens, focusing on his narrative techniques, thematic explorations, and character development. Dickens, a stalwart of Victorian literature, utilized his novels to critique social injustices, portray vivid characters, and explore the complexities of human nature. This study examines how Dickens’ novels reflect the socio-economic conditions of the 19th century and their enduring relevance in contemporary literature.

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Netto, Michel Nicolau. "From exoticism to diversity: the production of difference in a globalized and fragmented world." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 12, no. 1 (2015): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412015v12n1p007.

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Difference is a social construction, and as such it needs a discourse to produce meaning and be socially effective. As a discourse is always socially and historically grounded, so it is the meaning of difference. This article proposes that the difference in the contemporary world is dominantly articulated in the discourse of diversity, as the discourse of exoticism was the dominant discourse of difference in the 19th Century. This proposal will be proved as I show that, as diversity becomes the appreciated discourse in the present, the exoticism loses its value. Stating that, I will try to und

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CARSON, SCOTT ALAN. "INEQUALITY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH: EVIDENCE FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MISSOURI STATE PRISON." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 4 (2008): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002489.

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SummaryThe use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economic history. Moreover, a number of core findings in the literature are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains thin. One example is 19th century African-Americans in US border-states. This paper introduces a new data set from the Missouri state prison to track the heights of comparable black and white men born between 1820 and 1904. Modern blacks and whites come to comparable terminal statures when brought to matur

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