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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Portuguese Language and Culture (History)'
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Scarato, Luciane Cristina. "Language, identity, and power in colonial Brazil, 1695-1822." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269859.
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This dissertation investigates the diverse ways in which the Portuguese language expanded in Brazil, despite the multilingual landscape that predominated prior to and after the arrival of the Europeans and the African diaspora. It challenges the assumption that the predominance of Portuguese was a natural consequence and foregone conclusion of colonisation. This work argues that the expansion of Portuguese was a tumultuous process that mirrored the power relations and conflicts between Amerindian, European, African, and mestizo actors who shaped, standardised, and promoted the Portuguese language within and beyond state institutions. The expansion of Portuguese was as much a result of state intervention as it was of individual agency. Language was a mechanism of power that opened possibilities in a society where ethnic, religious, and economic criteria usually marginalised the vast majority of the population from the colonial system. Basic literacy skills allowed access to certain occupations in administration, trading, teaching, and priesthood that elevated people’s social standing. These possibilities created, in most social groups, the desire to emulate the elites and to appropriate the Portuguese language as part of their identity. This research situates the question of language, identity, and power within the theoretical framework of Atlantic history between 1695 and 1822. Atlantic history contributes to our understanding of the ways in which peoples, materials, institutions and ideas moved across Iberia, Africa and the Americas without overlooking the new contours that these elements assumed in the colony, as they moved in tandem, but also contested each other. Focusing on the mining district of Minas Gerais for its economic and social importance, this dissertation draws on multiple ecclesiastical and administrative sources to assess how ordinary people and authoritative figures daily interacted with one another to shape the Portuguese language.
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Carmo, Maria Helena do. "The Portuguese interests in Macau in the first half of the 18th century." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1871696.
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Dias, Ana Cristina. "Historia de Japam : a representacao do outro na obra de luis frois." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636582.
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Oelze, Micah J. "The Symphony of State: São Paulo's Department of Culture, 1922-1938." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2549.
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In 1920s-30s São Paulo, Brazil, leaders of the vanguard artistic movement known as “modernism” began to argue that national identity came not from shared values or even cultural practices but rather by a shared way of thinking, which they variously designated as Brazil’s “racial psychology,” “folkloric unconscious,” and “national psychology.” Building on turn-of-the-century psychological and anthropological theories, the group diagnosed Brazil’s national mind as characterized by “primitivity” and in need of a program of psychological development. The group rose to political power in the 1930s, placing the artists in a position to undertake such a project. The Symphony of State charts this previously unexamined intellectual project and explains why elite leaders believed music to be the most-promising strategy for developing the national mind beyond primitivity. In 1935, they founded the São Paulo Department of Culture and Recreation in order to fund music education, train ethnomusicologists, commission symphonies, and host performances across the city. Until now, historians of twentieth-century Brazil have praised music as a critical site for marginalized groups to sound out political protest. But The Symphony of State shows the reverse has also been true: elite groups used music as a top-down civilizing project designed to naturalize racial hierarchies and justify class difference.
The intellectual history portion of the dissertation turns on archival sources, newspaper accounts, personal correspondence, modernist literature, and the period’s scholarly journals. The examination of literary form, discourse analysis, and marginalia lends depth to a carefully-documented study of ideas. Then, The Symphony of State brings to bear an innovative reading of ethnographic field books, vinyl records, and music scores to show that the department’s scholarship and symphonic compositions alike furthered the narrative of a nation jeopardized by primitivity. What is more, the department’s composers employed musical properties such as harmony and dissonance as metaphors to convince listeners that a harmonious society required the maintenance of racial and class hierarchies. In bringing further clarity to the department’s intellectual project, the sections featuring music analysis speak to the value of reading music as an historical text.
The dissertation accomplishes multiple goals. It uncovers the theory of national psychology driving the musical institution; examines ethnographic material to further understand racial and regional prejudice in the period; and analyzes concert music commissioned and performed by the municipal department. The examination of the musical institution reveals a moment in Brazilian history in which national identity was constructed atop the notion of a shared psychology and in which modernity was believed to come with the musical tuning of the body politic and the training of its mind.
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Carmo, Maria Helena do. "Os interesses dos portugueses em Macau na primeira metade do seculo XVIII." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636581.
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Vale, Antonio Manual Martins do. "Macau na segunda metade do seculo XVIII." Thesis, University of Macau, 1994. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636594.
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Barata, Aureliano Campino da Rosa. "O papel da caixa escolar no ensino de Macau (1919-1947)." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636579.
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Fernandes, Pe Francisco Maria. "D. Antonio Joaquim de Medeiros : Bispo de Macau e as Missoes de Timor, 1884-1897." Thesis, University of Macau, 1994. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636583.
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Monteiro, Anabela Nunes. "Macau no tempo de Bento Pereira de Faria, 2a metade do sec. XVII." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636588.
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Pinto, Carlos Lipari Garcia. "Macau oitocentista e o impacto da fundacao de Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Macau, 1994. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636589.
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Seabra, Isabel Leonor da Silva Diaz de. "Relacoes entre Macau e o Siao (seculos XVIII-XIX)." Thesis, University of Macau, 1994. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636590.
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Sousa, Acacio Fernando de. "O Ouvidor Arriaga : algumas achegas sobre o homem e a epoca." Thesis, University of Macau, 1991. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1945099.
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Noronha, Rosa Elfrida. "Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro, em busca do passado, presente e futuro." Thesis, University of Macau, 2004. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1945570.
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Araujo, Dalila Carmen de Sousa. "Uma dinastia de empresarios : A familia Vicente Rosa em Macau no Seculo XVIII." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2129857.
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胡妤媧. "清代香山縣丞與澳門." Thesis, University of Macau, 2004. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636584.
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Moneypenny, Dianne Burke. "GASTRONOMY AND OTHERNESS IN ALPHONSO X’S WORKS: FOOD IDENTITIES IN CARTOGRAPHY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/807.
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This thesis investigates Alphonso X's General Estoria, Estoria de Espanna, Cantigas de Santa María, Siete Partidas, and other writings in the alphonsine corpus to illustrate the concept of classification through diet. The work of this thesis is to reveal the gastronomic connections between central and peripheral relations in cartography. Through food symbolism and dietary behaviors, cuisine functions as the purveyor of an unrivalled sketch of a text’s characters and the social conditions of the text’s production. Once unraveled, these highly socialized norms of consumption confirm that diet and identity are inextricably linked and lead to a greater understanding of medieval Iberian cultural relations and attitudes revolving around food and the perception of the civility of the world.
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姚京明. "A poesia classica chinesa : uma leitura de traducoes portuguesas." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636642.
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薛榮滔. "淺探十九世紀末至二十世紀初澳門華人之葡文教育." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636591.
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黃遠娜. "十九世紀末澳葡政府城市的基本建設." Thesis, University of Macau, 2003. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636596.
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葉志良. "澳門歷史的轉折點 : 亞馬勒政府." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636597.
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Raftery, Jillian Kate. "Exhumándo La Memoria: La Memoria Histórica Español Tras El Cine y Los Periodicos." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/479.
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(In Spanish) The Spanish Civil war isn't over in the hearts and minds of the people of Spain; rather, it is still being fought in the ideological realm of historical memory. Originally explored in literature and film, the theme of historical memory has not only become more visible and more explicit, but has taken the leap from art and literature into the political realm to become one of Spain's most pressing political issues.
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Goldberger, Stephanie. "Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles: Strengthening Their Ethnic Identity Through Chivas USA." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/307.
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A large Mexican-American population already exists in Los Angeles and, with each generation, it continues to rise. This Mexican-American community has maintained its connection to its heritage by playing and watching soccer, Mexico’s top watched sport. In this thesis, I analyze how Major League Soccer's Chivas USA serves as an outlet through which many Mexicans in Los Angeles have developed their ethnic identities. Since the early twentieth century, Mexicans in Los Angeles have created separate residential communities and sports organizations to strengthen their connections with one another.
To appeal to Mexican-Americans, Chivas USA has branded itself closely to its sister team Chivas Guadalajara of Mexico. I explore how Chivas USA's Mexican-American fans have responded to the team's arrival in Los Angeles by forming three different supporter groups — Legion 1908, Union Ultras, and Black Army 1850. By interviewing members of the Union Ultras and Black Army 1850, I learned their beliefs towards a range of issues, including: why they support Chivas USA rather than the Los Angeles Galaxy and how they view the poor representation of Mexican-American players on the United States National Soccer Team. As I conclude, these supporter groups have increased in number and diversity as Chivas USA has grown in popularity. To increase its Mexican-American fan base and to sustain professional soccer in Los Angeles, Chivas USA should relocate to a new stadium for the Major League Soccer's 2013 season and consider rebranding its name to "Chivas Los Angeles."
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Elazar-Demota, Yehonatan. "An Ethnography: Discovering the Hidden Identity of the Banilejos." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2441.
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During June of 2015, an anthropological and sociological study was conducted in the Dominican city of Bani. On the surface, the banilejo people appear to be devout Catholics. However, having had access to their personal lives, it was evident that their peculiar family traditions and folklore hinted at their liminal identities. This study involved interviewing 23 female subjects with questions found in the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitorial manuals. In addition, their mitochondrial DNA sequences were analyzed and demonstrated a high percentage of consanguinity and inbreeding within Bani's population. The genetic analysis of their mitochondrial DNA yielded genetic links with Jewish women from worldwide Jewish communities. Victor Turner's communitas theory and Geertz's thick description were used as the methodology. Ultimately, the sociological and anthropological analysis of their way of life evidenced how their ancestors preserved Jewish identity covertly throughout the inquisition time period (1481-1834) and how they continue to perpetuate it in contemporary times through consanguinity, and the power of superstition and taboo.
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Rudolph, Mytzi Maryanne. "Spanish for Health Care Professionals: Language and Culture." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5294.
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The purpose of this investigation is to examine formal and informal resources available for teaching Spanish to health care professionals mainly in the Portland, Oregon area. Seventeen different Spanish-for-health-care-professionals texts are commented on by the author, some of which are the texts used in medical Spanish language classes. The majority of the texts contain little if any instruction on cultural aspects which affect the Latino patient population's health care behaviors and decision making. With the recent growth in the Latino population there is a greater demand for health care services by Spanish-speaking persons of the Latino community. The author discusses at length current information about the health status of this population, factors affecting access to health care, and language barrier. There is a lack of bicultural and bilingual health care professionals to provide needed health care services to Latinos. One factor is that the percentage of Latino medical and allied health providers is a small fraction of the percentage of Spanish-speaking patients in the U.S. Therefore, Spanish language instruction must be provided to medical personnel who do not have the cultural and language background to provide culturally relevant and efficient health care to Latinos. This language training must incorporate instruction on cultural issues that affect Latino patients' health care. At present very few Spanish-forhealth- care-providers texts and courses have this type of focus. Exemplary clinical programs specializing in the medical treatment of the Latino population, both inside and outside of the Portland Oregon area, are noted to highlight that effective and culturally relevant medical treatment is possible with adequate training of personnel. Outstanding courses integrating the instruction of both the Spanish language and culture are discussed. Often these courses are not offered as permanent parts of the curriculum. The author gives examples of some of the cultural issues that need to be addressed in language instruction, and makes suggestions for adapting this focus into Medical Spanish instruction.
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Miranda, Regina Célia Carbonari de Almeida. "Brasil e Portugal: duas culturas em polêmicas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14481.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-31Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This thesis that is now presented is situated at the Linguistic Historiography scope and has as general objective to examine the relation between historical and linguistic nationalism through the controversy established between Carlos de Laet e Camilo Castelo Branco, in the last quarter of the XIX century, indicating a confrontation of the space-duration feature of portuguese language, building diferent senses to brazilian history. To do this job, we traced these two following objectives: to search, in the selected polemics, the relationship between language, history and linguistic nationalism, and identify the construction of brazility senses to the brazilian portuguese through the historical development determinations, checking the gramatical codification process, under the Brazilian history. From XIX century, Brazil takes influences of other nations, farthes on the portuguese people, who presents new cultural perspectives, causing intelectual and material changes in the country. At this time, Brazil was taken by great libertarian ideals, which stimulated the nation throug the political, social and economical independence. Came to sight many controversies covering the naturalization related to the language in use on Brazil, because Brazil, nearly out of the independency process had a moment of nationalistic passions. This research justify itself in order to find an historical approach of the Portuguese Language, in a period of time when large number of intelectuals wanted to keep the kingdom linguistics model against a small group os those who wished a new language, entirely free of the portuguese rules, released from Portugal. We picked up a polemic established by a brazilian journalist and a portuguese writer, which shows the tensions brought at the time of our iminet Republic, unleashing a linguistic nationalism. The study of this polemic revealed the relashion between the tag of language and history, turning this document capable to remove the veil of language and a part of a man history. In such case, we were allowed to see in what way the portuguese language in use in brazil got distance from the portugal gramatical rules. Based upon Linguistical Historiography s teorical fundaments we were able to re-read and re-write the facts of our language and it s hirtory, by the pricipals of the contexture and the imanent theoretical adaptation. Examinating this polemic we found the linguistics and historical tags that revealed conflicts brought by the independency, the beggining of our linguistic nationalism, profit of miscegenation of Brazilian and Portugal history and the great number of cultures here stablished in the last quarter of XIX century
Esta dissertação situa-se no âmbito da Historiografia Lingüística e tem por tema o estudo da relação língua, história e nacionalismo lingüístico, a partir da polêmica travada entre Carlos de Laet e Camilo Castelo Branco, no último quartel do século XIX, que marcou um confronto do aspecto espaço-temporal da língua portuguesa, construindo diferentes sentidos para a história do Brasil.Para executar essa tarefa traçaram-se os objetivos de examinar, na polêmica selecionada, a relação língua, história e nacionalismo lingüístico; identificar a construção de sentido de brasilidade para o português do Brasil por meio das determinações histórico- culturais, verificar os processos de codificação gramatical, sob à luz da História do Brasil. A partir do século XIX, o Brasil recebe influências de outros povos, além dos portugueses que apresentam novas perspectivas culturais, que ocasionam mudanças nas condições intelectuais e materiais do país.Nesse período, o Brasil foi tomado por grandes ideais libertários, que impulsionaram a nação para a independência não só política, como econômica e social. Surgiram inúmeras polêmicas em que se debateram questões de nacionalização relativas à língua em uso no Brasil, pois o Brasil recémsaído da independência vivia um momento de paixões nacionalistas. Essa pesquisa se justifica por buscar uma abordagem histórica da Língua Portuguesa, em um período em que grande número de intelectuais desejava a continuidade dos padrões lingüísticos do reino contra um pequeno grupo dos que desejavam uma língua, totalmente desvinculada das normas lusitanas, independente de Portugal. Selecionou-se a polêmica travada entre um jornalista brasileiro e um escritor português, por se entender que retrata as tensões geradas pela independência e iminência da República, desencadeando um nacionalismo lingüístico. A análise da polêmica revela a relação entre as marcas lingüísticas e históricas, o que a torna um documento capaz de desvelar a língua e a história do homem. Dessa forma, permite que se perceba em que medida o português em uso no Brasil se distancia da norma lusitana. Embasou-se teoricamente nos fundamentos da Historiografia Lingüística que permite uma reeleitura e reescritura dos fatos da língua e de sua história , por meio dos princípios: da contextualização, da imanência e da adequação teórica . A análise da polêmica demonstrou que as marcas histórico-lingüísticas presentes nela revelam os conflitos gerados pela independência, o desencadear do nacionalismo lingüístico e que o português em uso no Brasil pouco se distancia da norma vigente em Portugal, apresentando marcas de nacionalismo lingüístico, fruto do entrelaçamento da história do Brasil e de Portugal e das etnias e culturas aqui existentes, no último quartel do século XIX
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SANTOS, JANE CRISTINA DUARTE DOS. "THE PRONOUNS / FORMS OF ADDRESS IN PORTUGUESE AND BRAZILIAN CULTURE: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND SECOND CULTURE ACQUISITION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12215@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEste trabalho investiga a aquisição dos pronomes tu e você e das formas de tratamento no português como segunda língua e a aquisição da cultura brasileira como segunda cultura. Objetivou-se identificar e caracterizar os fatores gerais (afetivos e sociais) envolvidos no processo de aquisição, caracterizar as estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas, verificar como os fatores gerais influenciam as estratégias de aprendizagem usadas e analisar como esses fatores influenciam na aquisição da segunda cultura. Foram utilizadas importantes obras que usam o Modelo Sócio- Educacional de aquisição de segunda língua, além de outras que abordam os conceitos de aquisição de segunda cultura. Com os dados da pesquisa, verificou-se que: (i) grande parte dos alunos estrangeiros que vêm estudar no Brasil apresenta uma motivação integrativa; (ii) uma das estratégias de aprendizagem utilizada por esses alunos é a interação com os brasileiros; (iii) a atitude positiva diante da interação com os brasileiros e da exposição à cultura brasileira auxilia a aquisição da língua e da cultura. Por outro lado, a atitude foi o ponto principal do estudo, distanciando-se, um pouco, da teoria abordada. Ainda assim, foi possível constatar que o sucesso da aquisição da Língua Portuguesa vem acompanhado da aquisição da cultura brasileira. A pesquisa e o resultado encontrado podem auxiliar professores e pesquisadores na elaboração de novos materiais didáticos e no aperfeiçoamento de metodologias para o ensino do PL2-E.
This work investigates the acquisition of the pronouns tu and você and other forms of address in Portuguese as a second language, and the acquisition of Brazilians culture as a second culture. It was aimed to identify and characterize general factors (affective and social ones) involved in the acquisition process, to characterize the learning strategies used, to verify the way general factors influence the learning strategies used and to analyse the ways those factors influence on the second culture acquisition. Important masterpieces were used - some that use the socio-educational model of acquisition of a second language, among others that approach the concept of second culture acquisition. With the data provided by this research, it was verified that: (i) a significant part of foreign students who came to Brazil to study presents an integrative motivation; (ii) one of the learning strategies used for foreign students is the interaction with Brazilians; (iii) the positive attitude toward the interaction with Brazilians and the exposition to Brazilian culture helps the language and culture acquisition. On the other hand, the attitude was the major point of this research, just getting a little bit far from the theory used. Even this way, it was possible to notice that the success on Portuguese language acquisition comes together with Brazilian culture acquisition. The research and the results found can help teachers and researches on the elaboration of new pedagogical material and on the improvement of new methodologies for teaching PL2-E.
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Thedim-Goirand, Maria. "La brésilianité selon les manuels de Portugais Langue Étrangère (PLE) : les enjeux de l'époque de la monarchie catholique à l’ère de la mondialisation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA146.
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À partir de quarante-huit extraits empruntés à dix-huit manuels de Portugais Langue Étrangère (PLE) publiés au Brésil et aux États-Unis entre 1954 et 2008, s’effectuera une analyse de la représentation de la brésilianité – traduction du mot « brasilidade » en portugais, un concept qui condense les principales caractéristiques de la culture et de l’histoire brésiliennes – depuis sa construction à l’époque du Brésil colonial (1500-1815), jusqu’à son utilisation à l’ère de la mondialisation (période considérée à partir des années 1950). En me basant sur le système de conception des auteurs, j’observe que la manuélisation ne se limite pas à rendre compte des ruptures et des continuités qui s’établissent entre le savoir savant et le savoir réellement enseigné, ce qui équivaudrait à un cas spécifique de transposition didactique (Verret 1975). Bien davantage, ces extraits corroborent l’idée selon laquelle les manuels dont ils sont issus expriment un ensemble d’idéologies, en particulier l’idéologie du bonheur (Ellul, 1998), caractéristique fréquemment attribuée aux images d’un certain Brésil ainsi réduit à n’être perçu que comme un lieu de joie, dansant et chantant (Almeida Filho, 2005)This analysis of the representations of Brazilianness (translation of the word « brasilidade » in Portuguese, a concept that embodies the main features of Brazilian culture and history) – from its construction in colonial Brazil (1500-1815) through to its use in the era of globalization (starting in the 1950s) – is based on forty-eight excerpts taken from eighteen Portuguese as a Foreign Language textbooks published in Brazil and the United States from 1954 to 2008: considering the authors’ process of conception, it can be noted that manualization is not only satisfied by the interruptions and continuities established between scholarly knowledge and knowledge to be taught, which would be classed as a specific case of didactic transposition (Verret 1975). These excerpts confirm the idea that their respective textbooks express certain ideologies, which include the ideology of happiness (Ellul, 1998), a characteristic frequently attributed to images of Brazil as a joyful place where singing and dancing abound (Almeida Filho, 2005)
Por intermédio de quarenta e oito excertos provenientes de dezoito manuais de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) publicados no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos entre 1954 e 2008, são analisadas as representações da brasilidade (conceito que concentra as principais características da cultura e da história nacionais) – desde sua construção no período do Brasil colonial (1500-1815) até seu uso na era da globalização (a partir da década de 1950): partindo do sistema de concepções dos autores percebe-se que a manualização não se satisfaz apenas com as rupturas e continuidades estabelecidas entre o saber sábio e o saber a ser ensinado; o que seria um caso específico de transposição didática (Verret 1975). Tais extratos validam a idea de que seus respectivos manuais expressam certas ideologias; dentre elas, a ideologia da felicidade (Ellul, 1998), característica frequentemente atribuída às imagens do Brasil enquanto lugar de alegria cantante e dançante (Ameida Filho, 2005)
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Chen, Ying-Chuan. "Becoming Taiwanese: Negotiating Language, Culture and Identity." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24934.
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Between 1945 and 1987, as part of its efforts to impose a Chinese identity on native-born Taiwanese and to establish and maintain hegemony, Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang (KMT) government pursued a unilingual, Mandarin-only policy in education. This thesis studies the changing meaning of “becoming Taiwanese” by examining the school experiences of four generations of Taiyu speakers who went to school during the Mandarin-only era: 1) those who also went to school under the Japanese; 2) those who went to school before 1949 when Taiwan was part of KMT-controlled China; 3) those who went to school during the 1950s at the height of the implementation of KMT rule; and, 4) those who went to school when Mandarin had become the dominant language. Two data types, interviews and public documents, are analyzed using two research methods, focus group interviews as the primary one, and document analysis as the secondary one.
This research found that there is no direct relationship between how people negotiated language, hegemony and Taiwanese identity. First, as KMT hegemony became more secure, people’s links to their home language became weaker, so their view of Taiwanese identity as defined by Taiyu changed. Second, as exposure to hegemonic forces deepened over time, people were less able to find cultural spaces that allowed escape from hegemonic influences, and this, along with other life-course factors such as occupation, had an impact on their contestations of language and identity. The study recognizes the role of human agency and highlights the interactive and performative aspects of identity construction. The results reflect the different possibilities of living with hegemony in different eras, and also show that Taiwanese identity is not fixed, nor is there a single, “authentic” Taiwanese identity.
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Yang, Yuan. "Estudo de termos de origem Arabe na danca oriental." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570920.
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Horsburgh, David Henry Robert. "Gaelic language and culture in north-east Scotland : a diachronic study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262925.
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The thesis outlines the history of the Gaelic language and culture in North-East Scotland which is defined as the old counties of Kincardine, Aberdeen, Banff, Moray and Nairn. After an introductory description of the North-East, the thesis explores the rise of Gaelic culture, the displacement of Pictish culture by Gaelic, and the dominant position of Gaelic in the North-East by the 12th century as indicated in contemporary sources such as the Book of Deer. The thesis also describes the emergence of a linguistic and cultural frontier which endured between the 12th and 19th centuries, the association of Gaelic culture with the concept of the 'wild Scot', and the perception of the Gaidhealtachd as a region distinguished by language, dress and customs. In exploring these themes, particular areas have been commented upon, including, the church, law and administration and the burghs. Changing attitudes to Gaelic language and culture since the Reformation period have been outlined. The effect of Reformation politics on the North-East Gaelic communities, against a background of wider Scottish events, have been charted with frequent resort to contemporary sources such as the Minutes of the SSPCK, the Statistical Accounts and the Decennial Census Reports. The decline of the Gaelic language and culture in the North-East parishes has been traced from the late 17th century down to the 20th century, including some description of the last communities. Finally, an analysis of the Gaelic-speaking community in the city of Aberdeen has been made, focusing on the Gaelic chapel, the Celtic Society and Department at the University, and the evidence of the census for numbers of speakers.
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Li, Yu. "Efeitos de transferencia semantica no processo de aquisicao da morfologia verbal por aprendentes Chinese de Portugues como L2." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3537157.
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Shi, Jia Lu. "Representacoes do conhecimento implicito e explicito em aprendentes Chineses de Portugues como lingua estrangeira :o caso dos verbos "ser" e "estar"." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3537189.
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Williams, Sarah Rhiannon. "English vernacular letters c. 1400-c. 1600 : language, literacy and culture." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10795/.
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Tanner, Joshua D. "Factors Affecting the Acquisition of Pronunciation: Culture, Motivation, and Level of Instruction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3242.
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Studies have looked at various factors that affect pronunciation including phonetic context (e.g., Canfield 1940), style variation (e.g., Diaz-Campos 2006, Gonzales-Bueno 1995, Major 2004, Shively 2008, Zampini 1994), L1 transfer (e.g., Major 2001), and experience abroad (e.g., Diaz-Campos 2004, 2006, Lafford 2006, Stevens 2001). Motivation has been shown to affect language learning in general (Gardner 1985) but its role in pronunciation has yet to be explored. The relationship between cultural sensitivity and the acquisition of pronunciation has also been relatively understudied. The current study further explores the relationship between these variables and pronunciation. Many studies have shown that students' pronunciation improves as they progress through levels of instruction (e.g. Face 2006, Rose 2010). Including this as a variable will provide an idea of the relative strength of the relationships of the other variables (i.e., motivation and cultural sensitivity) and pronunciation. The current study includes 102 adult learners of Spanish as a foreign language from 4 levels of instruction (i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd years and graduating majors). Students from the 3rd year were divided into two groups, those with extensive experience abroad and those without. The participants participated in a brief oral interview similar to ACTFL's Oral Proficiency Interview and completed a background questionnaire, the Survey of Motivational Intensity (Gardner 1985), and the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) as a measure of cultural sensitivity. Pronunciation scores were determined by a panel of seven native Spanish speakers who rated one-minute segments of the learners' speech on a 100-point scale (e.g., Munro and Derwing, 1995; Derwing and Munro, 1997; Derwing, Munro, and Rossiter, 2004). Multiple regression analyses examine the relationships that cultural sensitivity, motivation, level of instruction, and experience abroad have with pronunciation.
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Oke, Katharina Adewoyin. "The politics of the public sphere : English-language and Yoruba-language print culture in colonial Lagos, 1880s-1940s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ece31052-81b7-45e7-be91-0cad322334a5.
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This thesis studies print culture in colonial Lagos against the background of the public sphere, and brings together a variety of English-language and Yoruba-language newspapers. Such an approach allows for highlighting the practicalities of newspaper production and foregrounding the work accomplished by newspapermen in a changing 'information environment' and political context. It offers insights into Lagos politics, contributes to the history of the educated elite, and to more global histories of communication. Using newspapers as well as archival records, and focussing on events that strikingly reveal dynamics in the public sphere, this thesis narrates a nuanced history of a discursive field which was, amongst other things, central for Lagos politics. This thesis complicates a Habermasian notion of the public sphere as an open discursive space, and not only highlights that the public sphere was an arena of contested meanings, but also illustrates axes along which the composition of this social structure was negotiated. When newspapers emerged in the late nineteenth-century, discussions in the press were largely restricted to the elite. The economy of recognition that was at play in the public sphere was to change in the 1920s. This thesis highlights how newspapermen and contributors sought to carve out niches for themselves in the public sphere in new ways and how their becoming a speaker in this discursive field was challenged and contested. It highlights the nuanced ways in which newspapermen and contributors convened publics through their papers: how they did so around particular issues, in distinction from each other, and how they adapted the convening of publics to new political dynamics in the 1940s. This thesis gives insight into the complex relationship between English-language and Yoruba-language newspapers, and moreover illustrates how the practicalities of the newspaper business were coming to bear on dynamics in the public sphere.
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Prewitt, Melvin J. "From biculturalism to culture clash: French language and Manitoba public education to 1916." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2261.
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The Manitoba School Question is representative of a larger problem of possible tyranny by the majority. Mob rule is often less recognized when seemingly legitimized by legislative action. This long term event shows the danger resulting from assumptions that constitutional provisions provide adequate protection for a minority. When legislation is enacted which removes Constitutional rights, and there is no violent opposition, are assumed to be accepted by all. Once opposition develops decades later, it comes as an apparent surprise, even to individuals in prominent political positions.
Language is clearly a major issue in the Manitoba School Question but all elements of culture including religion and ethnicity play important roles in the controversy. While other North American communities like Prairie du Chien and St. Louis have retained little to mark a distinctive French culture, aside from street names, in Manitoba, the language and other cultural elements continue in theater, literature, and education. Even as the minority language continues, there is virtually no one who claims French as their native language who is not fluent in English. As other locations in North America debate the question and propriety of imposing an official language, much could be learned from the experience of Manitoba.
The primary sources utilized in this study were mainly documents generated by the Manitoba and Canadian governments and by the Manitoba Department of Education. Much information was also gleaned from the correspondence of Catholic missionaries and Archbishop Taché as well as from leadership in the Protestant school systems. Few of most important participants in this pageant lived to witness the Constitutional crisis resulting from the quick and easy legislative responses to popular sentiments.
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Townson, M. R. "Solidarity and power in German : language as political action : a contribution to the socio-cultural history of the German language." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10273/.
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Germany's latest attempt at unification raises again the question of German nationhood and nationality. The present study examines the links between the development of the German language and the political history of Germany, principally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By examining the role of language in the establishment and exercise of political power and in the creation of national and group solidarity in Germany, the study both provides insights into the nature of language as political action and contributes to the socio-cultural history of the German language. The language-theoretical hypothesis on which the study is based sees language as a central factor in political action, and opposes the notion that language is a reflection of underlying political 'realities' which exist independently of language. Language is viewed as language-in-text which performs identifiable functions. Following Leech, five functions are distinguished, two of which (the regulative and the phatic) are regarded as central to political processes. The phatic function is tested against the role of the German language as a creator and symbol of national identity, with particular attention being paid to concepts of the 'purity' of the language. The regulative function (under which a persuasive function is also subsumed) is illustrated using the examples of German fascist discourse and selected cases from German history post-1945. In addition, the interactions are examined between language change and socio-economic change by postulating that language change is both a condition and consequence of socio-economic change, in that socio-economic change both requires and conditions changes in the communicative environment. Finally, three politocolinguistic case studies from the eight and ninth decades of the twentieth century are introduced in order to demonstrate specific ways in which language has been deployed in an attempt to create political realities, thus verifying the initial hypothesis of the centrality of language to the political process.
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Brooks, Kathryn L. "Anticlerical Sentiment in Castilian and Galician-Portuguese Medieval Literature." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5084.
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Clerical sexual incontinence was a prevalent satirical theme during the Middle Ages manifested by anticlerical sentiment towards reprobate clergymen and the laws that they disobeyed. This satirical genre of literature targeted not only the cleric of a small town, but bishops and cardinals who were also abusers of canon law. The anticlerical theme originated in Western Europe in the time of Constantine when early Christianity was competing with many religions for dominance. In the fourth century, Constantine, through the Edict of Milan, granted religious tolerance to all, thus allowing Christianity to become a major religion. Clerical celibacy originated from the writings of early church fathers such as Augustine of Hippo, Origen, and Tertullian, who determined that celibacy provided greater spiritual access to God. Early patristic church fathers supported the ideal of sexual celibacy for Christians in order to spiritually overcome the other religions. In the fourth century A.D., the church demanded that the clerics remain celibate even though they were married. By the twelfth century, canonical laws demanded that clerics not marry and remain celibate. These laws initiated an extreme sexual repression of clerics who began to sexually seek women, refusing them absolution for their sins if they refused the clerics' sexual advances. The purpose of this thesis is to establish that the corrupt clerics victimized the laity, who, although fearing for their salvation, produced satirical poetry expressing their anticlerical sentiment. This thesis also will present literature that discusses the pros and cons of clerical concubinage. There are three different forms of articulation in this thesis. The first is didactic and teaches the reader by demonstrating literature that encouraged clerical celibacy. The second illustration is satirical poems with the seven deadly sins as a recurrent theme. These poems are divided into two groups: the first is the poems written by the nobility, and the second is the popular anonymous poems, sung to music for peasant entertainment. The third articulation is the proponents of clerical concubinage. This poetry reflects the human side of companionship and need during a tumultuous time when people banded together in order to survive.
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Totaro, Genevois Mariella. "Foreign policies for the diffusion of language and culture : the Italian experience in Australia." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8828.
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Mórra, Eunice Martins. "O léxico no século XVI: um estudo do idioma brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14431.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-07This paper, based on the research line of History and Description of Portuguese, implies an exploratory investigation, whichg object of study is circumscribed to the Brazilian Portuguese vocabulary of the XVI century. It is claimed that idiomaticity is inscribed in the transformation of the archaic-Provençal Portuguese that, transported to the Brazilian lands with the colonists who moved bringing it, was cultivated as it was in the soil of the new colony. In this process of cultivation, resulting the cultural adaptation of the white, the native and the negro people, that vocabulary would have been renovated to be accustomed to the context of another territory; in such a manner it would incorporate new semias and, thus, supply the lack of an authentic Portuguese archaic-Provençal vocabulary. However, those new semias are still unsatisfactory, and it would be necessary to incorporate to its lexical field words of native and African origins, because of the new geography, fauna and flora. From this sememic changing process and incorporations new/other lexicalizations will appear, contrasting with the Brazilian Portuguese itself, through the edification of new architectures, which sup port is the same linguistic system: the one that qualifies the processes of codification of the world knowledge, formalized by the Portuguese language. The distinction between structure and architecture granted the differentiation between language from idiom a starting point adopted to examine the idiomatization of the archaic-Provençal Portuguese, being its parameter the processes of lexicalization and to consider both Brazilian Portuguese and Portugal s, as well as the one of the other nations as idioms produced by differentiated cultural languages which lived together - and still live in different geographical spaces and that, nowadays, typify distinct territories that became National States. Those different languages which had made those territories bilingual let themselves to be inscribed in the vocabulary system of those idioms, in order to grant them with visions of world that, although distinct, present similarities in terms of form which frame the field of their respective vocabularies. Guided by a general objective to try to explain the permanencies by dislocation models concerned to the structure and organization of this idiomatization process the investigative way is traced by two focuses. One that configures historiographical characteristic of the constitution of the idiom in the land of the parrots ; other that concerns to the images of the linguistic studies that favour the lexicon as instancy capable of pointing out similarity through the differences among models of organization and representation of world knowledge formalized by a unique linguistic system. From the results obtained, by means of analytical procedures oriented by the study of the discursive -semantic fields, the result is an archaic Provençal Portuguese which was implanted in Brazil which becomes an idiom and the official language of a transmuted colony in National State at the XIX century. Such idiomatization presents differences not significant in the grammatical area and not allowing to considerate the existence of different languages. In the lexical area, this process of idiomatization , which implies the construction of differentiated points of view through which knowledge of world are organized, framed and formalized by language categories, may qualify Brazilian idiom differently from that of Portugal
Esta Dissertação, situada na linha de pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa, compreende uma investigação exploratória, cujo objeto de estudo está circunscrito ao vocabulário do idioma português brasileiro, no século XVI. Postula-se que a idiomaticidade se inscreve na transformação do léxico do português arcaicoprovençal que, transportado para as Terras do Brasil, com o colono que com ele se deslocou, foi cultivado tal qual o solo da nova colônia. Nesse processo de cultivo, de que resultou a aculturação do branco, do índio e do negro, esse vocabulário se renova para se adaptar ao contexto de um outro território, de sorte a incorporar novas semias e, assim suprir a falta do próprio vocabulário do português arcaico provençal. Contudo, essas novas semias são ainda insuficientes, fazendo-se necessário incorporar, ao seu campo lexical, palavras de origem indígena e africana, devido a nova geografia, fauna e flora. Desse processo de mudanças semêmicas e de incorporações tem-se novas/outras lexicalizações que vão diferenciando o idioma brasileiro do português propriamente dito, pela edificação de novas arquiteturas, cujo suporte é o mesmo sistema lingüístico: aquele que qualifica os processos de codificação de conhecimentos de mundo, formalizados pela língua portuguesa. A distinção entre estrutura e arquitetura facultou diferenciar língua de idioma ponto de partida adotado para examinar a idiomatização do português provençal arcaico, tendo como parâmetro os processos de lexicalização e considerar tanto o português do Brasil, quanto o de Portugal, bem como o de outras nações como idiomas produto de línguas de culturas diferenciadas que conviveram e convivem em espaços geográficos diferentes e que, hoje, tipificam territórios distintos que se tornaram Estados Nacionais. Essas diferentes línguas que fizeram desses espaços territórios bilíngües deixaram-se inscrever no sistema vocabular desses idiomas, de sorte a assegurar a eles visões de mundo que, embora distintas, se apresentam similares quanto à forma que estrutura o campo de seus respectivos vocabulários. Norteado por um objetivo geral buscar explicitar as permanências pelos modelos de deslocamento referente à estruturação e organização desse processo de idiomatização o percurso investigativo está traçado por duas focalizações. Uma que configura o caráter historiográfico da constituição do idioma na terra dos papagaios; outra referente aos quadros dos estudos lingüísticos que privilegiam o léxico como instância capaz de apontar semelhanças nas diferenças entre modelos de organização e representação de conhecimentos de mundo formalizados por um mesmo sistema lingüístico. Dos resultados obtidos, por meio de procedimentos analíticos orientados pelo estudo de campos semântico-discursivos, tem-se que o português arcaico provençal, implantando em território brasileiro, idiomatiza-se e se torna a língua oficial de uma colônia transmudada em Estado Nacional, no século XIX. Tal idiomatização apresenta diferenças pouco significativas no âmbito gramatical o que não permite considerar a existência de línguas diferentes. Já no âmbito lexical, esse processo de idiomatização, implicando a construção de pontos de vista diferenciados pelos quais os conhecimentos de mundo são organizados, estruturados e formalizados por categorias de línguas, pode qualificar o idioma brasileiro na sua diferença com aquele de Portugal
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Bird, M. Susy. "Products, Practices, and Perspectives in the World Language Classroom: A Unit on Mexican Food for a High School Spanish 1 Class." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4206.
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This thesis project for a Master of Arts in Spanish Pedagogy consists of a four-week, five- lesson unit on Mexican food designed for a high school Spanish 1 class. Following an overview of the need for more cultural products, practices, and perspectives in the teaching of world languages, the project outlines the learning objectives and assessments for the unit and describes its implementation in a high school Spanish classroom, followed by an analysis of learning outcomes and a discussion of which components of the unit went well along with suggestions for improvement. The actual lesson plans are included as appendices.
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Ortabasi, Melek. "Japanese cultural history as literary landscape : scholarship, authorship and language in Yanagita Kunio's native ethnology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6692.
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McBain, James. "Early Tudor drama and legal culture, c. 1485-1558." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670056.
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Uribe-Duncan, Jeannette. "Historia y periodismo en las novelas de Silvia Galvis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/5109/.
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History and Journalism in Silvia Galvis’s Novels explores the relationship between Galvis’s novels and the influence of two distinctive phenomena in the Spanish American literary tradition: history and journalism. The thesis analyses Galvis’s novels from historical and journalistic perspectives. It explores the main characteristics of the historical novel in order to relate this genre to Galvis’s novels and to assess the extent to which they are historical or not. It draws on Galvis’s historical research on Colombian history and politics to illustrate its relevance in her novels. From a journalistic perspective, the thesis analyses the role of journalism in Spanish America and Colombia in particular, to show the interrelation of this profession with literary writing and the close link between the two professions in Galvis’s novels and columns in El Espectador. The thesis emphasises the constant interrelation between the political history of Colombia and the political function of journalism in the country. It links therefore Galvis’s historical research on politics and journalism with the themes and style of her novels in order to demonstrate this special characteristic of her literary production. It studies the formal mechanisms in Galvis’s novels employed to narrate different periods and places in the history of Colombia and how her columns provide an insight in to her fictional narrative. The thesis also explores on how Galvis’s novels keep alive historical memory in Colombia through the process of writing. Therefore it pays special attention to the role of her characters and narrators as historians, journalists or chroniclers of their own political places and events.
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Popoviciu, Laura. "Between taste and historiography : writing about early Renaissance works of art in Venice and Florence (1550-1800)." Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2014. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6353/.
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My dissertation is an investigation of how early Renaissance paintings from Venice and Florence were discussed and appraised by authors and collectors writing in these cities between 1550 and 1800. The variety of source material I have consulted has enabled me to assess and to compare the different paths pursued by Venetian and Florentine writers, the type of question they addressed in their analyses of early works of art and, most importantly, their approaches to the re-evaluation of the art of the past. Among the types of writing on art I explore are guidebooks, biographies of artists, didactic poems, artistic dialogues, dictionaries and letters, paying particular attention in these different genres to passages about artists from Guariento to Giorgione in Venice and from Cimabue to Raphael in Florence. By focusing, within this framework, on primary sources and documents, as well as on the influence of art historical literature on the activity of collecting illustrated by the cases of the Venetian Giovanni Maria Sasso and the Florentine Francesco Maria Niccolò Gabburri, I show that two principal approaches to writing about the past emerged during this period: the first, adopted by many Venetian authors, involved the aesthetic evaluation of early Renaissance works of art, often in comparison to later developments; the second, more frequent among Florentine writers, tended to document these works and place them in their historical context, without necessarily making artistic judgements about them. A parallel analysis of these two approaches offers a twofold perspective on how writers and collectors engaged with early Renaissance art from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century.
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Fransen, Sietske. "Exchange of knowledge through translation : Jan Baptista Van Helmont and his editors and translators in the seventeenth century." Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2014. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6351/.
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This thesis is a case study illustrating the circulation of scientific knowledge as achieved through translation in the seventeenth century. Providing the foundation of education in the liberal arts, Latin had an enormous influence on written science in the early modern period. This was evident not just on the level of the vocabulary. Latin grammar structured thought, and thereby extended the influence of the language to an epistemological level. However, the authority of Latin was increasingly contested throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. To examine this shift of authority away from Latin to the vernacular languages, and to examine the way this impacted upon both the theory and practice of science, I have focused on the Flemish physician and alchemist Jan Baptista van Helmont (1579-1644). Van Helmont provides a highly revealing case study for multiple reasons: he himself wrote in both Latin and the Dutch vernacular; he had very clear ideas about translation and its relationship to the acquisition of knowledge; finally, his works were translated into English, French and German within forty years after his death. In the first two chapters I examine Van Helmont’s use of language in the two idioms in which he published, Dutch and Latin. I compare his views about language and translation, by closely connecting them to his philosophy of the mind and his practice of (self-)translation, which turns out to deviate markedly from his own theories. Chapter 3 describes how Van Helmont’s son, Francis Mercury (1614-1698), was personally involved with almost all the posthumously printed editions and translations of his father’s works. I argue that Francis Mercury’s influence on the spread of his father’s intellectual heritage is far more extensive than has hitherto been assumed. Chapters 4 and 5 analyse the eight translations of Van Helmont’s works into English, French and German. These translations were written between 1650 and 1683. I examine them with respect to theoretical texts (Chapter 4) and practical texts (Chapter 5) in order to show that there were no clear-cut or standardized methods for translating scientific knowledge and that the translators’ interpretations had therefore a major impact on the way Van Helmont’s ideas were received in different linguistic domains.
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Sachet, Paolo. "Publishing for the Popes : the cultural policy of the Catholic Church towards printing in sixteenth-century Rome." Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2015. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6354/.
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Printing had a huge impact on the development of religion and politics in sixteenth-century Europe. Harnessing the printing press is generally regarded as a key factor in the success of the Reformation. The positive role played by printing in Catholic cultural policy, by contrast, has not been sufficiently recognized. While scholars have focused on ecclesiastical censorship, the employment of print by Catholic authorities – especially the Roman curia – has been addressed only sporadically and superficially. The aim of my dissertation is to fill this gap, providing a detailed picture of the papacy’s efforts to exploit the resources of the Roman printing industry after the Sack in 1527 and before the establishment of the Vatican Typography in 1587. After a brief introduction (Chapter 1), I provide an exhaustive account of the papacy’s attempts, over sixty years, to set up a Roman papal press (Chapter 2). I then focus on two main Catholic printing enterprises. Part I is devoted to the editorial activity of Cardinal Marcello Cervini, later Pope Marcellus II. I discuss the extant sources and earlier scholarship on Cervini (Chapter 3), his cultural profile (Chapter 4) and the Greek and Latin presses which he established in the early 1540s (Chapters 5 - 6). Part II concentrates on the projects for a papal press involving the Venetian printer Paolo Manuzio. After an overview of the sources and previous studies (Chapter 7), I analyse Manuzio’s attempts to move to Rome, the establishment of a papal press under his management and the committee of cardinals which supervised it (Chapters 8 - 10). Chapter 11 examines the printing of the first edition of the Tridentine decrees, undertaken in 1564. Chapter 12 contains the overall conclusion to the dissertation. Documentary Appendixes A and B list the publications sponsored by Cervini and the books printed by Manuzio’s Roman press.
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Lancaster, James. "The world's a bubble : Francis Bacon, nature, and the politics of religion." Thesis, Warburg Institute, 2015. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6352/.
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This thesis examines the development of Francis Bacon’s (1561-1626) religious views and their impact on his programme for the advancement of learning. It aims to address the largely misguided body of scholarly literature on Bacon’s beliefs by situating his understanding of religion within the complexity of its Elizabethan and Stuart contexts, and to show how Bacon steered his own considered course between the emergent pillars of Puritanism and Conformism. To the latter end, it evinces how he drew upon the Christian humanism of his parents, Nicholas and Anne Bacon, as well as the political thought of Niccolò Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini, and Justus Lipsius. Guided by the same intellectual commitments, he subsequently came to develop his own ideas about the reform of knowledge and the character of nature within the broader context of Christian humanism, Florentine political thought, and the Magisterial Reformation in England. It argues that, contrary to modern categories of thought, Bacon had no difficulty being both a Reformed Christian and a statesman for whom religion was often little more than a social or political currency. This he achieved through a position he set out early in his career; namely, that religion had two ‘partes’: an eternal and a temporal. Christianity could, in this way, be divided into the mysteries of faith, beyond time and the reach of human reason, and civil religion, temporal, political and, in its subjection to natural reason, entirely fair game. This allowed him to anticipate a number of positions that would become central to the religious climate of the later seventeenth-century, including irenicism, religious toleration, and civil religion. It was also through this division that Bacon came to explain the relationship between God and Nature and, in turn, between religion and natural philosophy. In the 1610s, he would develop a theory of the universe which rested upon the division between the eternal and the temporal, the created and the creating. As a result, this thesis offers an examination and contextualization of the relationship between ‘science’ and ‘religion’ within Bacon’s commitment to a twofold vision of religion.
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Daniotti, Claudia. "On the cusp of legend and history : the myth of Alexander the Great in Italy between the fifteenth and sixteenth century." Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2016. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6350/.
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This dissertation concerns the reception of the myth of Alexander the Great in Italian art during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In particular, I discuss the turning-point in the tradition which took place in Renaissance Italy around the middle of the fifteenth century: the transition from the medieval imagery of Alexander as a legendary, almost fairy-tale, figure to the historical portrait of him as an exemplum of moral virtue and military prowess. On the basis of the corpus known as the Alexander Romance, during the Middle Ages Alexander was depicted as a fabled explorer and knight, whose marvellous adventures enjoyed huge popularity both in the literary tradition and in the visual arts. Around the mid-fifteenth century, with the changing cultural atmosphere associated with the rise of humanism, this medieval conception was superseded by a different image of Alexander, drawing on the newly discovered ancient historical accounts of Plutarch, Curtius Rufus, Arrian and Diodorus Siculus. There are five chapters, all illustrated, plus an introduction and conclusion. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the literary and iconographic tradition of Alexander in Italy from 1100 to 1400, exploring the most popular episodes from the legend. In Chapter 2, I present examples of the persistence of the legendary tradition in the Quattrocento (especially, some fresco cycles of the Nine Worthies). Chapter 3 is concerned with the humanist recovery of ancient sources and its impact on the received view of Alexander; the important contribution of Petrarch and Boccaccio is also examined. Chapter 4 deals with the emergence of a new Renaissance portrait of Alexander around 1450, notably in paintings on marriage chests. In Chapter 5 I discuss the development of this new image of Alexander in the sixteenth century, with the establishment of an iconographic repertoire, centring on novel episodes taken from ancient historical sources.
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Ramnarayan, Akhila. "Kalki's avatars writing nation, history, region, and culture in the Tamil public sphere /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150484295.
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