Journal articles: 'Position of the wheel'

1

Jia, Xin, and Hsin Guan. "A Vision Recognition Method of Wheel's Pose and Position Parameters in Bench Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.45.

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IA method is proposed here to recognize wheels pose and position parameters with computer vision aiming to the need of measuring wheel moving track in suspension bench testing. Firstly, several markers are fit on the target wheel manually. Secondly, image coordinates of character points is calculated with image processing method and least square ellipse fitting algorithm. At last, wheels pose and position parameters are calculated with rigid body motion POSIT algorithm, and then wheel moving track is measured in test. The algorithm of wheels pose and position parameters in bench testing based on the computer vision here will supply the base under the realization of the moving wheels pose and position parameters recognizing in real time.

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Wang, Fang, Chang Chun Li, and Peng Jie Sui. "Measurement of the Wheel Valve Hole Position Based on Linear CCD." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.626.

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In the traditional spraying production line, the wheels are mounted on the catenary hook. The location of the wheel valve hole is by artificial visual. Not only the workers labor. This paper puts forward the technology of line scanning the wheel valve hole position based on the linear CCD. The method is unfolding the wheel circumference image into the two-dimensional plane image. Then we use the image processing and matching technology to measure the wheel valve hole position.

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Kwon, Seok Jin, Dong Hyung Lee, Jung Won Seo, and Young Sam Ham. "Damage Evaluation of Wheel Tread based on Contact Position between Wheel and Rail." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.645.

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The defect initiation and crack propagation in wheel may result in the damage of the railway vehicle or derailment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of the wheel tread. In the present paper, the characteristics of wheel tread based on contact positions, running distance and brake pattern are evaluated. To evaluate the damage for railway wheels, the measurement for the replication of wheel surface is carried out. The result shows that the damaged wheel tread is remarkably depended on the contact positions between wheel and rail. It should be noted that the replication test can be applied in new evaluation method of wheel damage.

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Gao, Run, Qixin He, Qibo Feng, and Jianying Cui. "In-Service Detection and Quantification of Railway Wheel Flat by the Reflective Optical Position Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174969.

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Railway wheel tread flat is one of the main faults of railway wheels, which brings great harm to the safety of vehicle operation. In order to detect wheel flats dynamically and quantitatively when trains are running at high speed, a new wheel flat detection system based on the self-developed reflective optical position sensor is demonstrated in this paper. In this system, two sensors were mounted along each rail to measure the wheel-rail impact force of the entire circumference by detecting the displacement of the collimated laser spot. In order to establish a quantitative relationship between the sensor signal and the wheel flat length, a vehicle-track coupling dynamics analysis model was developed using the finite element method and multi-body dynamics method. The effects of train speed, load, wheel flat lengths, as well as the impact positions on impact forces were simulated and evaluated, and the measured data can be normalized according to the simulation results. The system was assessed through simulation and laboratory investigation, and real field tests were conducted to certify its validity and correctness. The system can determine the position of the flat wheel and can realize the quantification of the detected wheel flat, which has extensive application prospects.

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Xiao, Jun, Xin Cheng, Rong Fang, and Jian Bin Han. "The Technology of Positional Detection in Automatic Wheelset Assembly Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.595.

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This paper introduces a kind of position measurement and control systems in automatic wheelset assembly machine. This system adopts direct close-loop position control in the process of pressing and real time monitor position of wheel and axle with high accuracy. Compared with traditional wheelset assembly machine, it can improve production efficiency and ensure the quality of pressing through control the distance between backs of wheel flange and the position difference of two wheels accurately.

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Li, Guo Chao, Jie Sun, Jian Feng Li, and Qing Chun Xiong. "Study on Helical Groove and Circumferential Cutting Edge Machining Simulation of End Mill." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.351.

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A purely analytical method, based on the meshing theory, is presented to establish the exact helical groove and circumferential cutting edge model of end mills, for the solution of its low design precision and efficiency problems. Firstly, a coordinate system to represent the relative space position relations between grinding wheels and end mills is built and the mathematical model of the helical groove is precisely calculated with a given wheel profile and relative movements between the wheel and the workpiece. Then, the rake angle, inner radius and wheel positions of machining the clearance faces is computed. Finally, a 3D model of the end mill is generated by using OpenGL.

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Mourant, Ronald R., and Praveen Sadhu. "Evaluation of Force Feedback Steering in a Fixed Based Driving Simulator." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 26 (September 2002): 2202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602621.

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Eight participants drove a fixed base simulator using both spring-loaded and force feedback steering wheels. Their route included curves of 100, 200 and 300 radii of curvature, and two freeway style exit ramps that were sloped, banked and, had changing radii of curvature. Both mean and variance of lane position were calculated. There were no differences in terms of mean and variance of lane position between the steering wheels when driving on straight road segments. Lane position variance was significantly greater when driving on the 100 meter curves then when driving of the 200 and 300 meter curves. Drivers “hugged” left hand curves more when using the force feedback steering wheel as indicated by their average lane position being significantly more to the left. On the two right hand exit ramps, drivers drove significantly more to the left when using the force feedback steering wheel. Subjects rated the force feedback steering wheel higher in terms of realism, maneuverability, and vehicle control on a post-experiment questionnaire.

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Mosleh, Araliya, Pedro Aires Montenegro, Pedro Alves Costa, and Rui Calçada. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Flat Detection with Multiple Records Using Spectral Kurtosis Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094002.

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The gradual deterioration of train wheels can increase the risk of failure and lead to a higher rate of track deterioration, resulting in less reliable railway systems with higher maintenance costs. Early detection of potential wheel damages allows railway infrastructure managers to control railway operators, leading to lower infrastructure maintenance costs. This study focuses on identifying the type of sensors that can be adopted in a wayside monitoring system for wheel flat detection, as well as their optimal position. The study relies on a 3D numerical simulation of the train-track dynamic response to the presence of wheel flats. The shear and acceleration measurement points were defined in order to examine the sensitivity of the layout schemes not only to the type of sensors (strain gauge and accelerometer) but also to the position where they are installed. By considering the shear and accelerations evaluated in 19 positions of the track as inputs, the wheel flat was identified by the envelope spectrum approach using spectral kurtosis analysis. The influence of the type of sensors and their location on the accuracy of the wheel flat detection system is analyzed. Two types of trains were considered, namely the Alfa Pendular passenger vehicle and a freight wagon.

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9

Wang, Xu Yue, Yong Bo Wu, Ren Ke Kang, Dong Ming Guo, Wen Ji Xu, and M. Kato. "Energy Model in Laser Processing of a Cylindrical Grinding Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.33.

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Laser processing of abrasive grinding wheels is paying a great role in a truing technique to complement mechanical methods. An energy balance model was adopted that took into account the space modes of laser energy absorbed/scattered by the wheel (circular profile). Both geometric and mathematic models were developed to reveal laser processing mechanism and predict various processing parameters, such as incident position, focal offset, and incident power, to perform material removal during laser processing a cylindrical grinding wheel. Moreover, the incident angle for laser processing of small-vitrified CBN grinding wheels was optimized. Further theoretical analysis and experiments determined the focal position of the incident beam with respect to the wheel profile. Experimental studies were carried out using different processing parameters and grinding wheels to test the effects of laser space properties on processing quality. The experimental results were shown to be in reasonable agreement with predicted results.

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10

Hashimoto, Masafumi, Fuminori Oba, and Toru Eguchi. "Control of an Omnidirectional Vehicle with Multiple Modular Steerable Drive Wheels." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 1 (February 20, 1999): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0002.

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This paper presents a method for controlling an omnidirectional vehicle with multiple modular steerable drive wheels. Each wheel module has two independent drive wheels and a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) attachment consisting of an active prismatic joint and a free rotary joint. The attachment enables the wheel module under nonholonomic constraint to move the chassis better omnidirectionally. A controller consisting of vehicle-level and wheel-module controllers is designed to coordinate wheel modules to ensure correct vehicle movement. The vehicle-level controller determines the desired acceleration of the vehicle chassis to track its reference path, and each wheel-module controller controls its own actuator movement to generate the desired acceleration. If the prismatic joint on the wheel module approaches its mechanical limit, the vehicle-level controller corrects the acceleration to keep the joint position within the workspace. Simulation of a vehicle with four wheel modules confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control.

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11

Zhang, Su Yan, Zhi Qiang Liang, Xi Bin Wang, Tian Feng Zhou, Li Jiao, and Pei Yan. "Influence of Wheel Position Parameters on Flute Profile of Micro-Drill." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.52.

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Drill flute has a great influence on the drilling performance of micro-drill, and its profile largely depends on the grinding parameters, wheel profile and position. It is promising to obtain a desired flute profile with a standard wheel by adjusting the wheel position parameters. To investigate the influence of wheel position parameters on the flute profile, the micro-drill flute is simulated by MATLAB software considering the wheel installation angle and the offset distance from wheel origin to the drill blank origin, and the radial rake angle, flute width and chip evacuation capacity are quantitatively calculated to evaluate the flute profile. The simulated results show that the wheel installation angle has an obvious effect on the three performance parameters of flute profile, and the wheel offset distance only influences a parameter, i.e., the flute width evidently. The radial rake angle of drill flute increases obviously with the increased wheel installation angle, and decreases slightly with the increased wheel offset distance. With the decreased wheel installation angle, the flute width of drill flute increases causing the reduction of micro-drill strength but improvement of the chip evacuation capacity. With the increased wheel offset distance, the flute width also increases resulting in the reduction of micro-drill strength but no obvious change on chip evacuation capacity. Thus the wheel installation angle can be used as a main factor among the wheel position parameters to obtain the desired flute profile.

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12

Guo, Lan-Yuen, K. D. Zhao, Fong-Chin Su, and Kai-Nan An. "Moment generation in wheelchair propulsion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 217, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441103770802577.

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Wheelchair propulsion is a man-machine interaction in which chair design and fit affect the relative positions and orientations of the upper extremity relative to the handrim and wheel axle. To understand these relationships better, experimental data were collected in five hand positions from five subjects exerting maximal effort to propel an instrumented wheelchair with its wheel in a locked position. The results of experiments revealed that the progression moment was greater at both initial and terminal propulsion positions and smaller in the mid-propulsion position. The vertical and horizontal force components were directed radially away from the wheel axle posterior to the dead centre position and radially towards the wheel axle anterior to top dead centre. Subsequently, a subject-specific quasi-static model of the upper extremity which maximized wheel progression moment was developed to augment our understanding of experimental measures. Model-predicted trends in progression moments and hand force direction were similar to experiment. Model predictions revealed that the optimal progression moment generation could potentially be affected by an individual's anthropometric parameters, joint strengths and also the direction of force applied by the hand on the handrim. Through wheelchair fitting and training of wheelchair users, it may be possible to improve propulsion technique.

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Xu, Xin Ching, and Zhong Hua Zhao. "Multi-Channel Extruding Technology in Lead-Free Wheel Balancer." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2588.

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If the weight of automobile wheel is not equally distributed, the automobile is not safe in high speed running. Hence, before the automobile wheel is instated, the dynamic balance of automobile wheel must be done, and the wheel balancer is added to the small weight position. In general, each wheel is added with two wheel balancers at least. Lead wheel balancers are used worldwide to balance vehicle wheels. But lead presents a health hazard, because lead is highly toxic, can contaminate drinking water, and can reduce intelligence in children. The steel wheel balancer is the perfect choice. However, the steel balancers are difficult to form and easy to rust. Based on upper limit analysis and numerical simulation, technology optimization and die design of steel balancer are studied to enlarge the production and to decrease the cost

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14

Matsuura, Hiroshi, Yasuhiro Kunieda, Nobuhito Yoshihara, Ji Wang Yan, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Development of 3R Diamond Wheel by Thermoplastic Resin Bond." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.459.

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A completely new diamond wheel, named the 3R wheel, has been developed. The 3R wheel has three unprecedented functions, reconfiguration, restoration and recyclability, and is molded from a mixture of special thermoplastic resin filler and diamond powder. The concept of the 3R wheel is to control the quantity and the position of abrasive material by actively using heat. In this study, tungsten carbide (WC) was ground using a thermoplastic resin bonded diamond wheels (radius 1.4 mm) with three different concentrations of 1500 grain size abrasive. As a result, a grinding ratio of over 200 and 18 nmRa roughness was achieved without dressing. In addition, a large quantity of abrasives was confirmed on the wheel surface by observation.

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Brewczyński, D., and G. Tora. "Analysis of Links Positions in Landing Gear Mechanism." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2014-0033.

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Abstract This article contains a kinematic analysis of an aircraft chassis mechanism in a range of positions. The mechanism of the chassis is made up of several smaller subsystems with different functions. The first mechanism is used to eject the chassis before landing (touchdown) and fold it to hatchway after the lift off. The second mechanism is designed to perform rotation of the crossover with the wheel, in order to adjust the position of the wheel to fit it in the limited space in the hold. The third mechanism allows movement of the chassis resulting from the change in length of the damper. To determine the position of the following links of the mechanism calculus of vectors was applied in which unit vectors were used to represent the angular position of the links. The aim of the analysis is to determine the angle of convergence and the angle of heel wheels as a function of the variable length of hydraulic cylinder, length of the shock absorber, length of the regulations rods

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Avalos, Héctor A. Moreno, Isela G. Carrera Calderón, Mario Saucedo Lugo, and Mario A. García-Murillo. "Kinematic analysis of the R subfamily of the HeIse wheels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 15 (March 16, 2020): 3004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220912005.

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In this paper, the kinematic analysis of a series of variable geometry legged wheels is presented. These mechanisms can transform a circular wheel into a hybrid legged wheel in order to combine the efficiency and ability to traverse difficult terrain of each method of locomotion. The inverse and direct kinematic problems of position and velocity are stated and solved. Then, a singularity analysis of the mechanisms is performed. The geometrical conditions that make the Jacobian matrices of the wheels singular are determined and interpreted. Subsequently, an exploration of the workspace is presented to show kinematic features of the wheels inside their operation region.

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Rao, Wei, Jia Dong Shi, and Jian Zhong Wang. "Dynamic Analysis for Articulated-Tracked Robot Climbing Stairs." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.483.

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Climbing stairs is one of the important functions of the articulated-tracked robot obstacle, the robot can be improved through the complex terrain capability. The robot is conducted action planning for climbing stair. Action planning of the robot, speed and acceleration of position change of the robot's center of mass, moment of inertia of driving wheels and arm wheels for influence of the robot dynamic feature are considered, complex dynamic models of the robot to climb stairs are built. The relationships of driving wheel torque, arm wheel torque and its different speed, acceleration, staircases height, angle of the robot and the stairs are analyzed by simulations, maximum driving torques of driving wheel and arm wheel are obtained in the process of robot climbing stairs, a theoretical basis for articulated-tracked robot selecting the appropriate driving torque and motion control are provided.

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18

Guo, C., and S. Malkin. "Analysis of Fluid Flow through the Grinding Zone." Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900694.

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A theoretical model of fluid flow in grinding has been developed by an analysis of fluid flow through a porous medium. Fluid tangential velocity, radial velocity, depth of penetration into the wheel, and the useful flow rate through the grinding zone are predicted by using this model. The analysis indicates that the nozzle position, nozzle velocity (or flow rate), and the effective wheel porosity are the three main factors which most significantly influence the useful flow rate through the grinding zone. A dimensionless effective wheel porosity parameter is introduced which is the ratio of the effective wheel porosity to its bulk porosity. By fitting the theoretical analysis to available experimental results, creep feed wheels were found to have much bigger dimensionless effective porosities than conventional wheels, which enhances their ability to more effectively pump fluid through the grinding zone.

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Kapitsa, Mikhail, Evgen Mikhailov, Sergii Kliuiev, Stanislav Semenov, and Maksim Kovtanets. "Study of rail vehicles movement characteristics improvement in curves using fuzzy logic mechatronic systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403019.

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The article deals with the effectiveness of reducing the level of force interaction of the rail vehicle wheels with rails in curved sections of the track through the use of mechatronic position control systems for wheel pairs in the rail gauge in the horizontal plane. The approaches to the creation of such a mechatronic system operating on the principles of fuzzy logic are described. To determine the angles of attack of wheels on the rails, it was proposed to use the acoustic emission indicators of the contact of the wheel with the rail. To determine the direction of curvature of the rail track, it is advisable to use data from navigation systems. The study of the dynamics of the rail vehicle during the passage of a curved section of the track in real time was carried out using the Matlab/Simulink software package. The proposed mechatronic control system for the position of the wheel sets in the horizontal plane allows to ensure their optimal installation under various driving conditions in the rail gauge. This makes it possible to minimize the angles of attack of the wheels and reduce the forces of the horizontal interaction of the wheels with the rails.

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20

Gorin, Stanislav, Sergey Vyalov, Pavel Kharlamov, Oleg Meleshko, and Sergey Nosachev. "Increase in energy efficiency of a system a car wheel - a paving." E3S Web of Conferences 104 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910401004.

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One of the negative effects arising in the course of operation of a vehicle wheel is out-of-balance condition. Disbalance of a car wheel can be caused by various reasons, including change in geometrical form of the rim, violation of norms of operation, non-optimal position of the tire in relation to the rim. Change of geometry is caused by operation of the rim, casual reasons, as well as influence of external conditions of work and rim storage. Latent faults, construction overload, etc. belong to casual reasons. Results of the experiments fulfilled show that in most cases violation of the geometrical form of a rim, which sometimes cannot be defined by eye is the reason of increase in disbalance of a wheel. A stand for control of geometry of rim and a device allowing to perform "optimization" of car wheels on the basis of mathematical model of process of optimization of tire position in relation to the rim in the conditions of dynamic balancing of wheels have been developed.

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Wood, Kathleen K., Lawrence J. H. Schulze, Jen-Gwo Chen, and Theodore G. Cleveland. "The effects of handwheel position on torque production capability of operators." Occupational Ergonomics 2, no. 1 (June 1, 1999): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2000-2105.

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A study was conducted to determine how the position of the handwheel affected the amount of torque applied by an operator. Data were collected at a series of wheel heights and distances. Results indicate that the main effects of gender, wheel height, and wheel distance, and the interaction between gender and wheel distance were statistically significant. No practical differences in torque production among the 5 wheel heights used in this investigation were found. A strong correlation existed between torque production capability and a handwheel height of 101.6 cm and weight of the male participants.

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Alexandru, Catalin, and Vlad Totu. "Method for the multi-criteria optimization of car wheel suspension mechanisms." Ingeniería e Investigación 36, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v36n2.52517.

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The paper deals with a general method for the multi-criteria optimization of the rear wheels suspension mechanisms in terms of kinematic behavior. The suspension mechanism is decomposed in basic binary links, and the kinematic synthesis is separately performed for each of them. The design variables are the global coordinates of the joint locations on the car body (chassis). The disposing of the joints on the wheel carrier were exclusively established by constructive criteria. The design objectives relate to kinematic position parameters of the wheel (displacements of the wheel centre along longitudinal and transversal directions, and modifications of the wheel axis direction), the optimization goal being to minimize these variations during the wheel travel. A computer program for the kinematic study was developed in C++. The application was performed for the wheel suspension mechanism of a race car.

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Ćirić, Ivan, Milan Banić, Miloš Simonović, Aleksandar Miltenović, Dušan Stamenković, and Vlastimir Nikolić. "TOWARDS MACHINE VISION BASED RAILWAY ASSETS PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 19, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr2002125c.

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The main goal of this paper is to present novel technologies that can contribute to safety, competitiveness, efficiency and operational reliability of Railway infrastructure through the development of innovative solutions for measuring and monitoring of railway assets based on machine vision. Measuring the transversal position of the wheels on the rail, as well as identification of the defects of the wheel and the rail (such as deformation of rail head edge, lateral wear, worn wheels, cracks in wheel and rail, rolling contact fatigue, corrugation and other irregularities) can increase reliability and lower maintenance costs. Currently, there is a need on the market for the innovative solution, namely the on-board high-speed stereo camera system augmented with a system that projects custom pattern (fringe scanner system) for measuring the transversal position of the wheels on the rail, robust to environmental conditions and waste along the track that can provide reliable measurements of transversal position of the wheels up to 200 km/h. New trends in Precise Industrial 3D Metrology are showing that stereo vision is an absolute must have in modern specialized optical precision measuring systems for the three-dimensional coordinate measurement.

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Jonsson, Bertil. "Hand Position on Steering Wheel During Driving." Traffic Injury Prevention 12, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2010.533722.

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Chen, M. J., Ziang Li, Ying Chun Liang, and Z. Fang. "Analysis of Factors Effecting Profile Accuracy of Metal-Bonded Ball-Headed Diamond Wheel in Electrical Discharge Dressing Process." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.41.

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Metal-bonded ball-headed diamond wheel with small diameter has been widely used in the ultra-precision grinding of optical parts, especially in the parts with complex surface. In-position precise dressing technique of ball-headed diamond wheel is the key technology to improve grinding precision. The effect of mechanical errors on the profile accuracy of wheel dressing were theoretically analyzed firstly. Afterwards a ball-headed diamond wheel dressing equipment based on electrical discharge principle has been designed and built. Orthogonal experiments have been carried out on the dressing equipment, and the dressing quality of wheels under different dressing electrical parameters were analyzed in terms of wheel profile accuracy and wheel surface micro-topography. The influence of dressing electrical parameters on the dressing quality were investigated and the best electrical parameter combination was obtained. Experimental result showed that the wheel profile accuracy can reach upward 0.8μm after dressing, and the protrusion heights of diamond grain were uniformity and the protrusion effect was better than without dressing.

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Molyneux-Berry, Paul, Claire Davis, and Adam Bevan. "The Influence of Wheel/Rail Contact Conditions on the Microstructure and Hardness of Railway Wheels." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/209752.

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The susceptibility of railway wheels to wear and rolling contact fatigue damage is influenced by the properties of the wheel material. These are influenced by the steel composition, wheel manufacturing process, and thermal and mechanical loading during operation. The in-service properties therefore vary with depth below the surface and with position across the wheel tread. This paper discusses the stress history at the wheel/rail contact (derived from dynamic simulations) and observed variations in hardness and microstructure. It is shown that the hardness of an “in-service” wheel rim varies significantly, with three distinct effects. The underlying hardness trend with depth can be related to microstructural changes during manufacturing (proeutectoid ferrite fraction and pearlite lamellae spacing). The near-surface layer exhibits plastic flow and microstructural shear, especially in regions which experience high tangential forces when curving, with consequentially higher hardness values. Between 1 mm and 7 mm depth, the wheel/rail contacts cause stresses exceeding the material yield stress, leading to work hardening, without a macroscopic change in microstructure. These changes in material properties through the depth of the wheel rim would tend to increase the likelihood of crack initiation on wheels toward the end of their life. This correlates with observations from several train fleets.

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Yanagii, Yuji, Kenichiro Nonaka, and Kazuma Sekiguchi. "Optimization of Wheel Position for the Leg/Wheel Robots using Model Predictive Control considering Supporting Area and Center of Gravity." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.76.

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Lin, Chern-Sheng, Chia-Chang Chang, and Wei-Lung Chen. "DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF AN INTERACTIVE WHEELCHAIR TRAINING SYSTEM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 20, no. 06 (December 2008): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237208000982.

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In this paper we constructed an interactive wheelchair rehabilitation training platform. The roller wheel on the platform is driven mainly by turning the wheelchair, and then the relative position of wheelchair on the screen can be adjusted based on the rotation speed of left and right wheels on the platform. Comparing the digital logic function when two wheels rotate at the same time and judging the variance in digital logic, the steering direction of wheels can be known and be controlled forward or backward. Additionally, the standard digital logic function could be individually judged when left wheel rotates and vice versa, so as to control the steering. Through judging three digital logic functions, the initial time of left wheel, next signal selecting time of left wheel, initial time of right wheel, and next signal selecting time of right wheel could be obtained, then the system can achieve the required direction control function through the judgment formula. The direction control function is indicated by standard digital logic function, so that the user can operate smoothly in the interactive situation software and make an interaction with the computer 3D simulation scene, the patient would have rehabilitation training through various 3D simulation real exteriors. This study not only provides basic trainings but also records the service behavior of wheelchair users, so that the rehabilitation consultant would have reference for the future diagnosis.

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Yang, Mu Ye, Rong Liu, Bo Hai Ji, Han Jiang Xu, Ce Chen, and Duan Duan Zhao. "Fatigue Stress Analysis of Diaphragm Cap Hole in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3265.

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Influence of diaphragm parameter on stress amplitude and fatigue damage of diaphragm details were investigated based on Tai Zhou Yangtze River Bridge. FEM of steel bridge deck and diaphragm detail were established. Boundary conditions of the diaphragm details FEM were interpolated by sub-model method, and the accurate local stresses of diaphragm details correspond to different lateral distribution of wheels were calculated. Results show the stress amplitude of diaphragm details reach maximum when wheel off-center position is 150mm, and it decreases with the increase of wheel off-center position greatly. The stress amplitude of diaphragm details increase with the increase of the distance of diaphragms, and increasing diaphragm’s thickness can improve fatigue stress of steel bridge deck.

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Kara, Ali, and Orbay Daysal. "Simulation of Inner Rim Compression Test of Aluminum Alloy Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.379.

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Aluminum alloy wheels are the most commonly used wheel type for passenger cars for decades. Generally A356 alloy (including alloying elements of 7% Si and 0.3% Mg) is used and a T6 heat treatment (solutionizing and artificial aging) is applied for the wheels. The most commonly used casting method is the Low Pressure Die Casting method for the wheels. As a cast product, wheels are one of the most important safety parts of a car along with a huge visual impact on the car. Therefore a lot of proofing tests are applied on a wheel in order to ensure its reliability and to guarantee passenger safety. Inner rim compression test of aluminum alloy wheels is one of these important mechanical tests which is a quasi-static deformation test to determine the fracture and failure behavior of the wheel. In this test, wheel is fixed at its offset surface using lug nuts and a crosshead applies the load with an offset from the inner rim position applying the biggest stress to the valve hole section. This study comprises the efforts of simulation of this test. In the study, ABAQUS finite element software is used and results were compared with experimentally obtained results.

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Chen, Dong Ju, Yong Zhang, Fei Hu Zhang, and H. M. Wang. "Emulating and Modeling for Position Errors of Ultra-Precision Aspherical Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.291.

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In the process of the ultra-precision grinding, the machining path of the aspherical is the result of motor coordination by several axes for the numerical control system. Since the motion of each axis have errors, there are big errors between the real positions and the theoretical positions, and the position error of the wheel infects the accuracy of the workpiece greatly. This paper analyses the position error property of the wheel and finds the machining approach path has nothing to do with the position error, just do with to the present machining point. In order to solve the problem, the method using the Neural Network optimized by the Genetic Algorithm to establish the position error model is introduced. A three-layer error back propagation (simplified as BP) Neural Network is used to establish the position error model, the position coordinates (x, z) of the program instruction is input layer, and the corroding measured error value ( Δx , Δz ) is output layer. Before training data sample, using the Genetic Algorithm to optimize the Neural Network to improve the predicting accuracy of the Neural Network, and reduce the training time. The emulation results indicate that using the Neural Network model optimized by the Genetic Algorithm can predict the position error in a high degree of accuracy, and at the same time, according to the predicting results, compensating the position error of the wheel is possible.

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Zhao, X. N., G. X. Chen, Z. Y. Huang, and C. G. Xia. "Study on the Different Effects of Power and Trailer Wheelsets on Wheel Polygonal Wear." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2587152.

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The wheels of power and trailer wheelset show different polygonal characteristics since their structures are obviously different. Therefore, the frictional self-excited vibration models of wheelset-track systems are established based on the viewpoint of the frictional self-excited vibration in reducing the wheel polygonal wear. Then, the motion stability of wheelset-track systems is studied by using the complex eigenvalue method. The results show that when the creep force between the wheel and rail is saturated, the unstable vibration frequency of the power wheelset is prone to induce 19-20th-order polygonal wear of the wheel, and the trailer wheelset is prone to induce 20-21th-order polygonal wear of the wheel. Meanwhile, the wheel polygonal wear can be effectively alleviated through changing the gearbox position of the power wheelset. And avoiding disc braking at high speeds can suppress the occurrence of wheel polygonal wear. In addition, the development tendency of wheel polygonal wear can be reduced by increasing the Young’s modulus of the brake pad, but Poisson’s ratio has little effect on the development tendency.

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Truong, Le Phuong, Huan Liang Tsai Liang Tsai, and Huynh Cao Tuan. "DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECTIONAL ALGORITHM FOR THREE-WHEEL OMNIDIRECTIONAL AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/3/15583.

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A The proposed system developed an omnidirectional algorithm to control autonomous mobile robots with three wheels. The implementation system consists of three Planet DC motors with rated power of 80 W for three wheels, three encoders for speed feedback, one encoder for distance feedback, and one digital compass sensor for angle feedback. The main system with an STM32F407 microcontroller is designed for directional control of wheels based the signal received from compass sensor and encoder and then controls three subsystems to adjust the steering speed of each wheel. The sub-system is built to control only one DC motor for each wheel with the built-in proportional integral derivative controller (PID) algorithm by an STM32F103 microcontroller. Furthermore, the directional control algorithm is developed for three omnidirectional wheels and a PID algorithm is designed to control the speed of DC motor for each wheel. From the results the proposed system has the advantages: (1) to auto adjust the angle and position; (2) to erase the sensor for tracking line of the automobile robot; (3) cost-effectiveness and high accuracy

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Ravikumar, T. Mathavaraj, and R. Saravanan. "Experimental investigation for better relative localization of a mobile robot using Taguchi method." Robotica 33, no. 7 (April 8, 2014): 1415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574714000812.

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SUMMARYThe positioning of a wheeled robot is an imperative manipulation problem in mobile robotics. Odometry is a familiar method for determining the relative position of a mobile robot. It comprises the detection of a set of kinematic parameters that permit reconstructing the robot's absolute position and orientation starting from the wheels' encoder measurements. This paper deals with the determination of better relative localization of a mobile robot by means of odometry by considering the influence of parameters namely total weight, speed, diameter of wheel, and width of wheel. Experiments have been conducted based on L9 orthogonal array suggested in Taguchi method to obtain the optimum condition. A mathematical model has also been developed for the mobile robot with the help of MINITAB software.

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Ushimi, Nobuhiro, Motoji Yamamoto, and Akira Mohri. "Tracking Control of Omni-Directional Vehicles Using Two Wheels Caster Type Odometer." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 4 (August 20, 2004): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0404.

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This paper proposes a tracking control method for Omni-Directional Vehicles (ODVs) along desired trajectories using a new type of odometer, called a Two Wheels Caster Type (TWCT) odometer, specially designed for ODV dead-reckoning. Driving wheels of conventional ODVs slip easily. When an odometer is connected directly to a driving wheel shaft, such a slip causes large dead-reckoning error. The TWCT odometer we proposed is attached independently to the driving wheel of the ODV to avoid the influence of the slip. The TWCT odometer passively follows the omni-directional motion of the ODV. The current position and orientation of the ODV are estimated accurately by dead-reckoning from TWCT odometer measurement. The proposed control method uses the estimated current position and orientation that allow accurate tracking control of the ODV along a desired trajectory. Tracking control is improved by the TWCT odometer. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed control method using the TWCT odometer.

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Trentin, João Francisco Silva, Tiago Peghin Cenale, Samuel da Silva, and Jean Marcos de Souza Ribeiro. "Attitude control of inverted pendulums using reaction wheels: Comparison between using one and two actuators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 3 (June 29, 2019): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819857643.

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The attitude control using reaction wheels as actuators has been one of the most popular ways to stabilize and repel external disturbances in aerospace devices. From the controlled change of the angular momentum rate of change using reaction wheels, it is possible to control the oscillation and direction rates of change of rigid bodies in space. Thus, the main idea of this article is to present a case study with different configurations of the well-known reaction wheel pendulum. The first is based on the classical configuration, and the second, a new one, a pendulum with two reaction wheels. For both configurations, proportional–integral–derivative controllers were designed and experimental devices were built to perform real-time controllers using low-cost hardware. The simulated and experimental results have shown that the pendulums were controlled using a simple controller in the inverted position and the results were satisfactory. Four performance indices were calculated to evaluate the results for each configuration. They showed that the pendulum with two reaction wheels worked better than the pendulum with one reaction wheel. Two actuators made it easier to move and control the pendulum in the inverted position.

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Wei, Kai, Xin Xiao, and Yu De Xu. "Rail Pre-Grinding on Shanghai-Nanjing PDL and its Effect on Wheel-Rail Contact Geometry." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.660.

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The paper tests the rail profiles of Shanghai-Nanjing PDL after its rail pre-grinding. The grinding values are counted, which shows that the grinding mainly occurs on the inner side of rail top, ranging from 0 to 1.26mm. Wheel-Rail Contact Geometry is also analyzed. Results shows that after pre-grinding, the wheel-rail contact points concentrate to the center of rail top, and it is good for rail wear control. But the rolling radius difference decreases and it weakens the rails ability of return the wheels position.

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Schiro, J., F. Gabrielli, P. Pudlo, M. Djemai, and F. Barbier. "Steering wheel hand position in low-speed maneuvers." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 21 (November 2013): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.09.003.

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Abrahám, R., R. Majdan, and R. Drlička. "Possibilities of improving the wheel tractor drive force transmission to soil." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (June 2, 2016): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2015-rae.

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The possibility of increasing maximal drawbar pull of tractor working on the soil was evaluated. The increase in drawbar pull occurred due to special wheels mounted on the drive axle. The special wheels were equipped with auto-extensible blades and designed at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The main advantage of the special wheels is an automatic extension of steel blades to increase the drawbar pull during a wheel slip and automatic return to the base position to allow the transport of tractor by the route. The testing operation points at the decrease of wheel slip resulted in the increase of drawbar pull. The drawbar pull of tractor equipped with standard tyres and special wheels was compared in different soil moisture conditions. The higher increase in drawbar pull was measured during the tractor operation on the soil with higher moisture in comparison to the soil with lower moisture level.

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Lee, Young-Chul, Danny V. Lee, Jae H. Chung, and Steven A. Velinsky. "Control of a redundant, reconfigurable ball wheel drive mechanism for an omnidirectional mobile platform." Robotica 25, no. 4 (December 11, 2006): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574706003158.

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SUMMARYThis paper develops a controller for position tracking of a new ball wheel drive mechanism for a robust omnidirectional wheeled mobile platform, an adaptive controller with physical parameter estimation. This platform, integrated with a manipulator, is designed for use in highway maintenance and construction, which is a generally unstructured and congested environment. The proposed ball wheel mechanism can move in all directions on the plane, instantaneously and isotropically. Reconfiguration of the redundant drive system of the ball wheel mechanism is accomplished by altering the contact pressure between the drive wheels and the sphere based on platform heading direction. The system redundancy is resolved through a Weighted Optimal Torque Distribution method allowing for smooth reconfiguration. Finally, experimental and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

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Viano, David C., Milan Patel, and Michael A. Ciccone. "Patterns of Arm Position during Normal Driving." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31, no. 6 (December 1989): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088903100607.

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Left arm position was determined from movies taken by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety of 1890 vehicles approaching an intersection on a normal two-lane road. The dynamics of driving were apparent as the drivers shifted their left arms from the armrest to place their hands on the steering wheel 23.8% of the time when stopping at intersections. Whereas drivers used the armrest 34.4% of the time on the open road, the armrest was used only 10.6% of the time at the intersection. The driver's left hand was on the steering wheel 69.6% of the time at the intersection. Use of the windowsill to rest the arm varied among passenger cars, trucks/vans, and sports cars primarily because of differences in shoulder and windowsill height. A lower relative position in trucks and vans promoted use of the windowsill to rest the arm. Given that serious injury in multivehicle side impacts most frequently occurs in intersection crashes, design improvements of the side interior should focus on direct loading of the chest and abdomen. In addition, crash tests should be set up with the dummy's left hand on the steering wheel and arm away from the side.

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Korchagin, Vadim, Andrey Kosmodamianskiy, and Vladimir Vorobiev. "Building an information model in wheel-rail tribosystem control tasks." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100060.

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The issues of filling the information model with data on the state of the wheel-rail tribosystem are considered. The “Program for modeling the transverse position of a wheelset in a track” is used, and the main modules of the program are described. The geometrical parameters of the contact of the wheel profile with the rail profile are obtained. The values of the nominal contact of the wheel with the rail for the extreme and intermediate positions of the wheel pair in the rail track are calculated. The displacement of the wheelset in the rail track, its slope, and the width of the contact of the wheel with the rail, the gap between the wheel crest and the inner face of the rail are determined. The obtained data are compared with the results of the experiment.

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Li, Li Jun, Wei Tao Bai, Sun Wei, and Guang Hua Bai. "The Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Grinding Point Position on Grinding Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1099.

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the process of the wheel style grinding wheel grind concave surface of rotors has been simulated in this paper,through changing of the location of grinding point, the qualitative change of the strain and stress has been simulated and analyzed, obtaining that when the grinding point is at the midpoint of wheel grinding arc, the strain and stress of grinding wheel are the smallest, when at other locations, strain presents parabolic and spreads to the edge, the maximum and minimum stress are in the process of gradually decreasing as grinding dot moving from the edge to the halfway point , and the maximum stress and strain are occurred in a neighborhood of the grinding point.

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Gao, Hao, and Huan Yun Dai. "Wheel-Rail Contact Point Calculation of Flexible Wheelset Base on Wheel-Rail Contact Line Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1284.

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Elastic deformation of wheelset should be considered for wheelset dynamic research. In this article, a new wheel-rail contact point searching algorithm that can be used for flexible wheelset simulation was developed based on wheel-rail contact line method. For given position and deformation of wheelset, normal vectors of a point on each rolling circle and its project on rail were calculated to find out possible contact point, which formed wheel-rail contact line. The final contact point was determined by minimum vertical distance of contact line and rail section profile. Rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations of single wheelset were established and dynamic simulation was executed. The impact of wheelset deformation on wheel-rail contact position and creepage were discussed. Comparison of rigid and flexible wheelset results show that the new method gets more accurate contact point position.

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Monte, Antonio Dal, L. M. Leonardi, C. Menchinelli, and C. Marini. "A New Bicycle Design Based on Biomechanics and Advanced Technology." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 3 (August 1987): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.3.287.

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Advanced technology and biomechanics were applied in the development of a new bicycle. Factors investigated included the position of the cyclist, geometry of the bicycle, transmission system, and the drag characteristics. Several wind tunnel tests were conducted to determine the minimum drag conditions for bicycle configurations and positions of the athlete. The results showed a clear advantage for nonspoked disc wheels of high composite material without discontinuity between the tire and the wheel. The conventional bicycle frame was redesigned and the optimum body position of the cyclist was determined. These findings were utilized in the development of the bicycle ridden by Francesco Moser in establishing a new 1-hour world record in 1984, and also in aiding the gold-medal-winning 4 × 100 km Italian team in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games.

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Aono, Toshihiro. "Position Estimation of Vehicle Using GPS Data and Internal Sensor Data." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 4 (August 20, 1998): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0295.

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This paper deals with an estimation method of vehicle position using differential GPS, a fiber optic gyro and wheel encoders. The estimated position must be accurate enough to be used for vehicle control. To realize this accuracy, the following factors must be considered. (1) The delay and scarcity of GPS data. (2) The drift of the gyro. (3) The inconstancy of the travel distance per encoder pulse due to the differential mechanism and slip of wheels. (4) The effect of the position of the GPS antenna on position estimation. We propose an observation model of GPS, a fiber optic gyro and wheel encoders, which considers these four factors. A position estimation method is developed on the basis of this observation model. A prototype of autonomous mower was produced to evaluate the position estimation method. The relation between the performance of the mower and the GPS accuracy is discussed in terms of the parallelism, the uniformity of the space, and the straightness. The experimental results show that the merit of using GPS data is remarkable for maintaining the parallelism. If GPS is more accurate than lm, it is shown that using GPS improves the uniformity of the spaces. We can have the prospect for mowing all over the ground if the overlap is allowed to be 0.2m and the GPS accuracy is lm.

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Syzrantsev, Vladimir, and Ksenia Syzrantseva. "Study of geometric characteristics of the arc teeth semi-rolled cylindrical gear meshing." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102367s.

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In the conditions of unbraced machine body parts, arc teeth cylindrical gears have a higher load capacity, durability and reliability as well as the ability to compensate for the twist angle by self-adjustment of one of the wheels compared to straight and helical teeth gears. Use of such gears in a semi-rolled version allows simplifying significantly the technological process of cutting wheels and making gears with large gear ratios. In this article, mathematical models of wheel and gear arc teeth forming process are built for a semi-rolled cylindrical gear. The geometric characteristics of the gear arc teeth meshing in the presence of errors in the wheel and gear relative position, required to solve the problem of calculating the gear load capacity and durability, have been determined.

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OKAWA, Isao, and Kenichiro NONAKA. "A19 Receding Horizon Control of Lateral Wheel Position on Obstacle Avoidance for Leg/Wheel Robots." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2009.11 (2009): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2009.11.195.

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Bizjan, Benjamin, Brane Širok, and Marko Blagojevič. "Analogue Experimental Study of Fiber Formation on Two-Wheel Spinner." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6557.

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In this paper, the process of mineral fiber formation was investigated experimentally on a two-wheel spinner by means of high-speed imaging. Analogue isomalt melt was fiberized at different rotational speeds of spinner wheels, melt flow rates and impingement positions so that the fiberization process was dynamically similar to an industrial mineral wool production process. Images of fiber formation and transport reveal highly complex dynamics of these processes, as fibers mostly occur in form of 3D mutually intertwined structures such as clusters, strands and veils periodically shedding from the melt film. Despite the complexity of flow structures, there is a clear trend of increasing mean fiber length and expansion angle of the coaxial fiber-laden flow as the Weber number and the ratio of melt film velocity to blowing air velocity are increased. The fiberization efficiency (ratio of fiber mass deposited on the collecting mesh to the mass of melt poured) is affected by the impingement position and flow rate of melt as well as the Weber number of melt film. The optimum efficiency was attained at 30° (1 o’clock) impingement position and the ratio of melt film to blowing air flow velocity close to unity.

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Darwin, R. "Eye Position Based Wheel Chair Control for Physically Challenged." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 5, no. 10 (October 30, 2017): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v5i10.231234.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Position of the wheel'

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